What would happen if you didn’t drink water? - Mia Nacamulli

22,280,493 views ・ 2016-03-29

TED-Ed


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Prevoditelj: Neda Vrkic Recezent: Sanda L
00:06
Water is virtually everywhere,
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Voda je praktično posvuda,
00:08
from soil moisture and ice caps,
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od vlage u tlu i ledenih pokrivača,
00:11
to the cells inside our own bodies.
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do stanica u našim tijelima.
00:14
Depending on factors like location,
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Ovisno o čimbenicima poput lokacije,
00:16
fat index,
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indeksa tjelesne mase,
00:17
age,
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dobi
00:18
and sex,
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i spola,
00:19
the average human is between 55-60% water.
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prosječno ljudsko biće čini oko 55 % i 60 % voda.
00:23
At birth, human babies are even wetter.
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Pri rođenju, ljudske bebe sadrže još više vode.
00:27
Being 75% water, they are swimmingly similar to fish.
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Kako su 75 % voda, dobrano su slične ribama.
00:32
But their water composition drops to 65% by their first birthday.
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Ali njihov sastav vode padne na 65 % do njihovog prvog rođendana.
00:37
So what role does water play in our bodies,
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Dakle, kakvu ulogu voda ima u našim tijelima
00:40
and how much do we actually need to drink to stay healthy?
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i koliko uistinu moramo piti da bismo ostali zdravi?
00:44
The H20 in our bodies works to cushion and lubricate joints,
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H2O u našim tijelima djeluje tako da apsorbira udarce i podmazuje zglobove,
00:48
regulate temperature,
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regulira temperaturu
00:49
and to nourish the brain and spinal cord.
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te hrani mozak i leđnu moždinu.
00:53
Water isn't only in our blood.
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Voda se ne nalazi samo u našoj krvi.
00:56
An adult's brain and heart are almost three quarters water.
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Mozak i srce odrasle osobe su gotovo tri četvrtine voda.
01:00
That's roughly equivalent to the amount of moisture in a banana.
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To je otprilike jednako količini vlage u banani.
01:04
Lungs are more similar to an apple at 83%.
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Pluća su više slična jabuci s 83 %.
01:08
And even seemingly dry human bones are 31% water.
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I naizgled suhe ljudske kosti su 31 % voda.
01:14
If we are essentially made of water,
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Ako smo u osnovi napravljeni od vode
01:16
and surrounded by water,
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i okruženi vodom,
01:17
why do we still need to drink so much?
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zašto je još uvijek moramo toliko piti?
01:20
Well, each day we lose two to three liters through our sweat,
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Pa, svaki dan izgubimo dvije do tri litre kroz naš znoj,
01:24
urine,
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urin
01:25
and bowel movements,
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i rad crijeva,
01:26
and even just from breathing.
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čak i kod samog disanja.
01:28
While these functions are essential to our survival,
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Dok su ove funkcije bitne za naš opstanak,
01:30
we need to compensate for the fluid loss.
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moramo nadoknaditi gubitak tekućine.
01:33
Maintaining a balanced water level is essential to avoid dehydration
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Održavati uravnotežen nivo vode je bitan da bi se izbjegla dehidracija
01:37
or over-hydration,
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ili pretjerana hidracija,
01:39
both of which can have devastating effects on overall health.
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i jedno i drugo može imati pogubne učinke na cjelokupno zdravlje.
01:43
At first detection of low water levels,
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Pri prvom otkrivanju niske razine vode,
01:45
sensory receptors in the brain's hypothalamus
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senzorni receptori u hipotalamusu mozga
01:48
signal the release of antidiuretic hormone.
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signaliziraju otpuštanje antidiuretskog hormona.
01:51
When it reached the kidneys, it creates aquaporins,
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Kada dosegne bubrege, stvara akvaporine,
01:54
special channels that enable blood to absorb and retain more water,
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posebne kanale koji omogućuju krvi da apsorbira i zadržava više vode,
02:00
leading to concentrated, dark urine.
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što dovodi do koncentriranog, tamnog urina.
02:03
Increased dehydration can cause notable drops in energy,
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Povećana dehidracija može uzrokovati značajne padove u energiji,
02:06
mood,
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raspoloženju,
02:07
skin moisture,
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vlažnosti kože
02:08
and blood pressure,
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i krvnom tlaku,
02:10
as well as signs of cognitive impairment.
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kao i znakove kognitivnog oštećenja.
02:13
A dehydrated brain works harder to accomplish the same amount
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Dehidrirani mozak radi teže da dosegne isti iznos
02:17
as a normal brain,
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kao normalan mozak
02:18
and it even temporarily shrinks because of its lack of water.
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i čak se privremeno skupi zbog nedostatka vode.
02:22
Over-hydration, or hyponatremia,
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Prekomjerna hidracija ili hiponatremija,
02:25
is usually caused by overconsumption of water in a short amount of time.
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obično je uzrokovana prekomjernom konzumacijom vode u kratkom vremenu.
02:30
Athletes are often the victims of over-hydration
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Sportaši su često žrtve prekomjerne hidracije
02:33
because of complications in regulating water levels
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radi komplikacija u reguliranju razina vode
02:36
in extreme physical conditions.
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u ekstremnim fizičkim uvjetima.
02:39
Whereas the dehydrated brain amps up the production of antidiuretic hormone,
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Dok dehidrirani mozak pojačava proizvodnju antidiuretskog hormona,
02:43
the over-hydrated brain slows, or even stops, releasing it into the blood.
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prekomjerno hidriran mozak usporava ili čak zaustavlja, otpuštajući ga u krv.
02:49
Sodium electrolytes in the body become diluted,
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Elektroliti natrija u tijelu se prorijede,
02:51
causing cells to swell.
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uzrokujući bubrenje stanica.
02:54
In severe cases,
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U teškim slučajevima,
02:55
the kidneys can't keep up with the resulting volumes of dilute urine.
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bubrezi se ne mogu nositi s nastalom količinom razrijeđenog urina.
02:59
Water intoxication then occurs,
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Tada nastupi intoksikacija vodom,
03:01
possibly causing headache,
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moguće uzrokujući glavobolju,
03:03
vomiting,
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povraćanje
03:04
and, in rare instances, seizures or death.
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i u rijetkim slučajevima, napadaje ili smrt.
03:08
But that's a pretty extreme situation.
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Ali to je prilično ekstremna situacija.
03:10
On a normal, day-to-day basis,
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U normalnoj svakodnevnici,
03:12
maintaining a well-hydrated system is easy to manage
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održavanje dobro hidriranog sustava lako je održavati
03:15
for those of us fortunate enough to have access to clean drinking water.
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za one koji su dovoljno sretni da imaju pristup čistoj pitkoj vodi.
03:19
For a long time, conventional wisdom said that we should drink eight glasses a day.
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Dugo vremena, uvriježeno mišljenje je bilo da trebamo piti 8 čaša vode dnevno.
03:23
That estimate has since been fine-tuned.
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Ta procjena je od tada precizirana.
03:26
Now, the consensus is that the amount of water we need to imbibe
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Sada, konsenzus je da količina vode koju trebamo upiti
03:30
depends largely on our weight and environment.
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u velikoj mjeri ovisi o našoj težini i okolini.
03:33
The recommended daily intake varies from between 2.5-3.7 liters of water for men,
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Preporučen dnevni unos varira između 2,5-3,7 litara vode za muškarce
03:39
and about 2-2.7 liters for women,
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i oko 2-2,7 litara za žene,
03:42
a range that is pushed up or down if we are healthy,
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raspon koji se podiže ili spušta ako smo zdravi,
03:46
active,
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03:46
old,
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aktivni,
stari
03:47
or overheating.
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ili se pregrijavamo.
03:49
While water is the healthiest hydrator,
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Dok je voda najzdraviji hidrator,
03:51
other beverages,
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druga pića,
03:52
even those with caffeine like coffee or tea,
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čak i ona s kofeinom, kao što su kava ili čaj,
03:55
replenish fluids as well.
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također nadoknađuju tekućinu.
03:57
And water within food makes up about a fifth of our daily H20 intake.
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I voda iz hrane čini oko petinu našeg dnevnog unosa H2O.
04:02
Fruits and vegetables like strawberries,
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Voće i povrće kao što su jagode,
04:04
cucumbers,
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krastavci,
04:05
and even broccoli are over 90% water,
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čak i brokula, sadrže preko 90 % vode
04:08
and can supplement liquid intake while providing valuable nutrients and fiber.
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i mogu nadopuniti unos tekućine dok pružaju vrijedne nutrijente i vlakna.
04:14
Drinking well might also have various long-term benefits.
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Dobar unos tekućine može imati razne dugoročne koristi.
04:17
Studies have shown that optimal hydration can lower the chance of stroke,
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Studije su pokazale da optimalna hidracija može smanjiti vjerojatnost moždanog udara,
04:21
help manage diabetes,
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pomoći u reguliranju dijabetesa
04:23
and potentially reduce the risk of certain types of cancer.
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i potencijalno smanjiti rizik od nekih vrsta karcinoma.
04:27
No matter what, getting the right amount of liquid makes a world of difference
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Bez obzira na sve, dobivanje prave količine tekućine čini ogromnu razliku
04:32
in how you'll feel,
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u tome kako ćete se osjećati,
04:33
think,
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kako ćete misliti
04:34
and function day to day.
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i funkcionirati iz dana u dan.
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