Why are eating disorders so hard to treat? - Anees Bahji

1,562,138 views ・ 2022-05-19

TED-Ed


Fai dobre clic nos subtítulos en inglés a continuación para reproducir o vídeo.

Translator: Lucía Villaverde Rey Reviewer: Servizo de Normalización Lingüística
00:07
Globally, about 10% of people
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Arredor do 10 % da poboación mundial
00:09
will experience an eating disorder during their lifetime.
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sufrirá un trastorno da alimentación nalgún momento da súa vida.
00:13
And yet, eating disorders are profoundly misunderstood.
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Aínda así, estes trastornos son dos máis incomprendidos.
00:17
Misconceptions about everything from symptoms to treatment,
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As ideas equivocadas sobre os síntomas e tratamentos
00:21
make it difficult to navigate an eating disorder
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dificultan a loita ou apoiar a quen queres
00:24
or support someone you love as they do so.
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cando pasa por un trastorno alimentario.
00:26
So let’s walk through what is— and isn’t— true about eating disorders.
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Falemos entón do que é e non é certo sobre estes trastornos.
00:31
First, what is an eating disorder?
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En primeiro lugar, que é un trastorno alimentario?
00:34
Eating disorders are a range of psychiatric conditions
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É un conxunto de condicións psiquiátricas
00:38
characterized by these main patterns of behavior:
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caracterizadas por estes padróns de conducta:
00:41
restricting food intake, bingeing, or rapidly consuming large amounts of food,
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limitación da inxestión de comida, enchentes, consumo de moita comida
00:46
and purging or eliminating calories
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e purga ou eliminación das calorías
00:48
through vomiting, laxatives, excessive exercise, and other harmful means.
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mediante vómitos, laxantes, moito exercicio e outros métodos daniños.
00:53
An eating disorder can involve any one or any combination of these behaviors.
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Un trastorno alimentario pode comprender calquera destas condutas.
00:58
For example, people living with anorexia
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Por exemplo, a xente que vive con anorexia
01:00
usually restrict the amount of food they eat,
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tende a reducir a cantidade de comida que inxire,
01:03
while bulimia nervosa is an eating disorder
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mentres a bulimia nerviosa é un trastorno
01:06
characterized by recurrent binges and purges.
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caracterizado polas enchentes e purgas recorrentes.
01:10
Importantly, these behaviors determine whether someone has an eating disorder.
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Estas condutas determinan se alguén ten un destes trastornos.
01:15
You can’t tell whether someone has an eating disorder
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Non se sabe se se ten un trastorno da alimentación
01:17
from their weight alone.
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unicamente polo peso.
01:19
People who weigh what medical professionals might consider
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A xente cun peso incluído no que os profesionais consideran
01:22
a healthy range can have eating disorders,
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un rango saudábel pode ter trastornos alimentarios,
01:25
including severe ones that damage their long-term health in invisible ways,
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mesmo trastornos severos que teñen efectos a longo prazo e invisíbeis,
01:30
including osteoporosis, anemia, heart damage, and kidney damage.
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incluíndo osteoporose, anemia e danos no corazón e nos riles.
01:36
Just as we can’t tell whether someone has an eating disorder
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Igual que non podemos saber se alguén os padece
01:39
based on their weight alone,
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baseándonos só no seu peso,
01:41
we can’t get rid of these disorders simply by eating differently.
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non podemos desfacernos deles cun cambio de dieta.
01:45
That’s because eating disorders are, at their core, psychiatric illnesses.
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Isto é porque estes trastornos son no fondo enfermidades psiquiátricas.
01:50
From what we understand,
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Polo que entendemos,
01:51
they involve a disruption to someone’s self-perception.
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comprenden a alteración da imaxe dun mesmo.
01:55
Most people who experience them are severely critical of themselves
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A maioría dos afectados son moi autocríticos
01:58
and report many self-perceived flaws.
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e perciben moitos defectos en si mesmos.
02:02
They may use eating to try to regain some control
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Pode que coman para tentar recuperar o control
02:05
over an internal sense of chaos.
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ante unha sensación interna de caos.
02:09
We still don’t know exactly what causes eating disorders.
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Aínda non sabemos que causa os trastornos alimentarios exactamente.
02:12
There likely isn’t a single cause, but a combination
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E probábel que non sexa só unha causa, senón unha mestura
02:15
of genetic and environmental risk factors that contribute.
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de factores de risco xenéticos e ambientais.
02:19
Sometimes, other mental illnesses— like depression or anxiety—
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Ás veces, outros trastornos da mente, como a depresión ou a ansiedade,
02:23
can cause symptoms of eating disorders.
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poden orixinar síntomas destes trastornos.
02:26
In addition, certain psychological factors,
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Ademais, certos factores psicolóxicos,
02:29
such as perfectionism and body image dissatisfaction,
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como o perfeccionismo e a insatisfacción co corpo,
02:32
are risk factors for eating disorders.
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son factores de risco para estes trastornos.
02:36
Several social factors contribute, too,
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Tamén contribúen os factores sociais,
02:38
including internalized weight stigma, exposure to bullying,
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como o estigma interiorizado do peso e o acoso,
02:43
racial and ethnic assimilation, and limited social networks.
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cuestións étnicas e raciais e vínculos sociais limitados.
02:48
Although there is a common misconception that only women
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Existe a idea equivocada de que só as mulleres
02:51
experience eating disorders,
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experimentan estes trastornos,
02:53
people of all genders can be affected.
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pero poden afectar a toda a poboación.
02:56
As these disorders intimately affect the development
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Como estes trastornos afectan ao desenvolvemento
02:58
of one’s identity and self-esteem,
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da autoestima e da identidade propia,
03:01
people are particularly vulnerable to developing them during adolescence.
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os adolescentes son especialmente vulnerábeis a eles.
03:06
Although these are among the most challenging
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A pesar de ser dos trastornos psiquiátricos
03:08
psychiatric disorders to treat,
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máis complicados de tratar,
03:10
effective therapies and interventions exist,
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existen intervencións e terapias efectivas
03:13
and many people who receive treatment make a full recovery.
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e moita da xente que as segue recupérase por completo.
03:17
Treatment has a higher chance of success the earlier it starts
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O tratamento terá máis éxito canto antes se leve a cabo
03:20
after someone develops disordered eating behaviors.
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desde que a persoa amosa condutas sospeitosas.
03:23
But unfortunately, less than half of people with an eating disorder
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Desgraciadamente, menos da metade da xente que os padece
03:27
will seek and receive treatment.
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buscará e recibirá tratamento.
03:30
Because of the complex effects of eating disorders
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Debido aos complexos efectos destes trastornos
03:32
on both the body and the mind,
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tanto no corpo como na mente,
03:34
treatment usually includes a combination of nutritional counseling and monitoring,
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o tratamento tende a incluír unha mestura de terapia e control nutricional,
03:39
psychotherapy, and in some cases, medications.
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psicoterapia e, nalgúns casos, medicación.
03:43
Evidence-based psychotherapies exist as treatments for most eating disorders,
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Hai psicoterapias de eficacia demostrada para tratar a maioría destes trastornos,
03:47
including cognitive-behavioral therapy and family-based therapy.
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incluídas a terapia cognitivo-condutual e a terapia familiar.
03:52
These are talk-therapies that help people gain the skills
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Estas son terapias de conversa coas que se obteñen recursos
03:54
to deal with underlying psychological problems
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para enfrontarse a problemas psicolóxicos subxacentes
03:57
that drive eating disorder symptoms.
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que impulsan os síntomas destes trastornos.
04:00
Because not all patients will respond to these treatments,
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Xa que non todos os pacientes responden a estes tratamentos,
04:03
researchers are also investigating treatments outside of psychotherapy,
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os investigadores están buscando tratamentos fóra da psicoterapia,
04:07
such as transcranial magnetic stimulation.
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como a estimulación magnética transcranial.
04:11
Proper treatment can reduce the chances of dying from a severe eating disorder.
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Un tratamento adecuado pode reducir a mortalidade destes trastornos.
04:17
Eating disorders can provoke a powerful sense of powerlessness,
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Os trastornos da alimentación poden causar un gran sentimento de impotencia,
04:22
but education for individuals, families, and communities
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pero educar a xente, as familias e as comunidades
04:26
helps erode the stigma and improve access to treatment.
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axuda a minar o estigma e a mellorar o acceso ao tratamento.
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