Munir Virani: Why I love vultures

91,232 views ・ 2012-11-29

TED


請雙擊下方英文字幕播放視頻。

00:00
Translator: Morton Bast Reviewer: Thu-Huong Ha
0
0
7000
譯者: Marssi Draw 審譯者: Crystal Tu
00:15
I would like to talk to you about
1
15766
1854
讓我來為你介紹
00:17
a very special group of animals.
2
17620
2632
一種非常特別的動物
00:20
There are 10,000 species of birds in the world.
3
20252
4001
世界上有一萬種不同的鳥類
00:24
Vultures are amongst the most threatened group of birds.
4
24253
4608
禿鷹是所有鳥類中最受威脅的一種
00:28
When you see a vulture like this, the first thing
5
28861
3012
當你看到這樣的禿鷹
00:31
that comes to your mind is, these are disgusting, ugly,
6
31873
3976
你的腦海裡浮現的第一個念頭是
00:35
greedy creatures that are just after your flesh,
7
35849
2959
這真是噁心、醜陋、貪婪的生物
00:38
associated with politicians. (Laughter) (Applause)
8
38808
7327
也讓你聯想到政客(大笑)(掌聲)
00:46
I want to change that perception. I want to change
9
46135
2775
我想改變你的看法
00:48
those feelings you have for these birds, because
10
48910
2710
我想改變你對這些鳥類的感覺
00:51
they need our sympathy. They really do. (Laughter)
11
51620
3050
因為他們需要我們的同情,非常需要。(笑聲)
00:54
And I'll tell you why.
12
54670
1549
稍後我將告訴你為什麼
00:56
First of all, why do they have such a bad press?
13
56219
3592
首先,為什麼大家對禿鷹的印象這麼差?
00:59
When Charles Darwin went across the Atlantic in 1832
14
59811
3987
當達爾文在1832年橫跨大西洋時
01:03
on the Beagle, he saw the turkey vulture,
15
63798
3192
在小獵犬號上,他看見土耳其禿鷹
01:06
and he said, "These are disgusting birds
16
66990
2840
他說:「這些是為了沉溺墮落而生的
01:09
with bald scarlet heads that are formed to revel in putridity." (Laughter)
17
69830
6061
無毛、紅頭的噁心鳥類。」(笑聲)
01:15
You could not get a worse insult, and that from Charles Darwin. (Laughter)
18
75891
4570
你想不到更惡毒的侮辱了, 而這卻出自於達爾文之口。(笑聲)
01:20
You know, he changed his mind when he came back,
19
80461
2861
但是,他在回來後改變了他的想法
01:23
and I'll tell you why.
20
83322
1316
之後我再告訴你為什麼
01:24
They've also be associated with Disney — (Laughter) —
21
84638
3291
另外,迪士尼也已經把禿鷹列入角色之一了(笑聲)
01:27
personified as goofy, dumb, stupid characters.
22
87929
4792
裡頭包括了像高飛狗一樣象徵愚笨的角色
01:32
More recently, if you've been following the Kenyan press
23
92721
3576
如果你最近看到肯亞的報導
01:36
— (Laughter) (Applause) (Cheers) —
24
96297
7119
(笑聲)(鼓掌)(歡呼)
01:43
these are the attributes that they associated
25
103416
3352
牠們們還被看作是肯亞的國會議員
01:46
the Kenyan MPs with. But I want to challenge that.
26
106768
3312
但是我想要抗議這件事
01:50
I want to challenge that. Do you know why?
27
110080
2552
你知道我為什麼想要抗議這件事嗎?
01:52
Because MPs
28
112632
2720
因為國會議員
01:55
do not keep the environment clean. (Laughter)
29
115352
4871
不會讓環境更乾淨(笑聲)
02:00
MPs do not help to prevent the spread of diseases.
30
120223
4962
國會議員無助於預防疾病的散播
02:05
They are hardly monogamous. (Laughter) (Applause)
31
125185
6349
而且還很難做到一夫一妻制(笑聲)(鼓掌)
02:11
They are far from being extinct. (Laughter)
32
131534
3763
得要很久才會絕種(笑聲)
02:15
And, my favorite is, vultures are better looking. (Applause) (Laughter)
33
135297
6901
而且我最喜歡的一點是, 禿鷹長得比較好看(笑聲)(鼓掌)
02:22
So there's two types of vultures in this planet.
34
142198
3951
這裡有現存的兩種禿鷹
02:26
There are the New World vultures that are mainly found
35
146149
2273
有在美國被發現的新世界禿鷹
02:28
in the Americas, like the condors and the caracaras,
36
148422
2941
像是兀鷹、卡拉卡拉鷹
02:31
and then the Old World vultures, where we have
37
151363
2299
以及有十六種的舊世界禿鷹
02:33
16 species. From these 16, 11 of them are facing
38
153662
3488
在這十六種當中
02:37
a high risk of extinction.
39
157150
3087
有十一種瀕臨絕種
02:40
So why are vultures important? First of all,
40
160237
3417
為什麼禿鷹很重要呢?
02:43
they provide vital ecological services. They clean up.
41
163654
3481
首先,牠們在生態中提供了非常重要的服務
02:47
They're our natural garbage collectors.
42
167135
2294
牠們是大自然的清道夫,為我們清理垃圾
02:49
They clean up carcasses right to the bone.
43
169429
2633
牠們清理屍骨殘骸
02:52
They help to kill all the bacteria. They help absorb anthrax
44
172062
3638
牠們幫忙殺死細菌、吸收炭疽病毒
02:55
that would otherwise spread and cause
45
175700
2673
阻止可能大量傳播
02:58
huge livestock losses and diseases in other animals.
46
178373
4084
造成無數生物死亡或得病的病菌
03:02
Recent studies have shown that in areas where there are
47
182457
2739
最近的研究報告指出
03:05
no vultures, carcasses take up to three to four times
48
185196
3003
在沒有禿鷹的地區,屍體需要經過三到四倍的時間
03:08
to decompose, and this has huge ramifications
49
188199
2569
來分解與腐爛
03:10
for the spread of diseases.
50
190768
2895
這樣的過程讓疾病交錯傳染
03:13
Vultures also have tremendous historical significance.
51
193663
3416
禿鷹也具有許多重要歷史性的意義
03:17
They have been associated in ancient Egyptian culture.
52
197079
3244
禿鷹讓人們聯想到了埃及文化
03:20
Nekhbet was the symbol of the protector
53
200323
3100
奈克貝特是保護者與母性的象徵
03:23
and the motherhood, and together with the cobra,
54
203423
3088
與眼鏡蛇同時出現時
03:26
symbolized the unity between Upper and Lower Egypt.
55
206511
4114
則象徵了上埃及與下埃及的團結與統一
03:30
In Hindu mythology, Jatayu was the vulture god,
56
210625
3808
在印度神話中,加達羽是禿鷹之神
03:34
and he risked his life in order to save the goddess Sita
57
214433
5272
牠冒著生命危險從十頭惡魔羅波那手中
03:39
from the 10-headed demon Ravana.
58
219705
2657
救出悉達女神
03:42
In Tibetan culture, they are performing very important
59
222362
3431
在西藏文化裡,牠們在天葬中扮演了很重要的角色
03:45
sky burials. In places like Tibet, there are no places
60
225793
2712
在某些地區,如西藏
03:48
to bury the dead, or wood to cremate them,
61
228505
3064
他們沒有地方或木材可以為亡者辦理火葬
03:51
so these vultures provide a natural disposal system.
62
231569
4188
因此禿鷹提供了自然分解的機制
03:55
So what is the problem with vultures?
63
235757
2467
那麼禿鷹到底出了什麼問題?
03:58
We have eight species of vultures that occur in Kenya,
64
238224
2871
有八種禿鷹在肯亞出現
04:01
of which six are highly threatened with extinction.
65
241095
3987
其中有六種正瀕臨絕種的危機
04:05
The reason is that they're getting poisoned, and the reason
66
245082
2619
原因是被人類毒殺
04:07
that they're getting poisoned is because there's
67
247701
2592
而被毒殺的原因則是
04:10
human-wildlife conflicts. The pastoral communities
68
250293
2688
人類與野生動物之間的衝突
04:12
are using this poison to target predators,
69
252981
3352
牧羊人毒死那些會掠食的動物
04:16
and in return, the vultures are falling victim to this.
70
256333
3635
結果是這些禿鷹成了犧牲者
04:19
In South Asia, in countries like India and Pakistan,
71
259968
2664
在印度、巴基斯坦等南亞國家
04:22
four species of vultures are listed as critically endangered,
72
262632
3481
有四種禿鷹被列為極危物種
04:26
which means they have less than 10 or 15 years to go extinct,
73
266113
3351
意味著再過十五年牠們就會絕種了
04:29
and the reason is because they are falling prey
74
269464
3310
絕種的原因是因為
04:32
by consuming livestock that has been treated
75
272774
2448
牠們吃了被餵食像雙氯芬酸鈉這種止痛藥的生畜
04:35
with a painkilling drug like Diclofenac.
76
275222
2672
而成為了犧牲者
04:37
This drug has now been banned for veterinary use in India,
77
277894
3097
這種藥物在印度的獸醫中
04:40
and they have taken a stand.
78
280991
2519
已確定被列為禁藥
04:43
Because there are no vultures, there's been a spread
79
283510
2320
因為沒有禿鷹的時候
04:45
in the numbers of feral dogs at carcass dump sites,
80
285830
2801
就會有無數的野狗在屍體丟棄場
04:48
and when you have feral dogs, you have a huge time bomb
81
288631
3181
而當有野狗的時候
04:51
of rabies. The number of cases of rabies
82
291812
2642
就有了狂犬病爆發的不定時炸彈
04:54
has increased tremendously in India.
83
294454
2728
狂犬病已在印度以驚人的速度蔓延開來了
04:57
Kenya is going to have one of the largest wind farms in Africa:
84
297182
3445
肯亞將要興建非洲最大型的風車農場
05:00
353 wind turbines are going to be up at Lake Turkana.
85
300627
3236
353座風車將會座落在圖爾卡納湖
05:03
I am not against wind energy, but we need to work
86
303863
2280
我並不反對風力發電
05:06
with the governments, because wind turbines
87
306143
3209
但是我們需要和各國政府合作
05:09
do this to birds. They slice them in half.
88
309352
2600
因為風車會將鳥切成兩半,就像圖片裡的那樣
05:11
They are bird-blending machines.
89
311952
2834
它們是鳥類攪拌機
05:14
In West Africa, there's a horrific trade
90
314786
2678
在西非,有一種黑市交易是
05:17
of dead vultures to serve the witchcraft and the fetish market.
91
317464
5371
將禿鷹的屍體販賣給做巫術和戀物癖的人
05:22
So what's being done? Well, we're conducting research
92
322835
2832
目前我們已做了一些努力 我們做了關於這些鳥的研究
05:25
on these birds. We're putting transmitters on them.
93
325667
3280
我們在這些鳥的身上放了傳輸器
05:28
We're trying to determine their basic ecology,
94
328947
2376
我們試著了解最基本的禿鷹生態
05:31
and see where they go.
95
331323
2439
然後看牠們將前往何處
05:33
We can see that they travel different countries, so
96
333762
2041
我們發現牠們在不同國家間來去
05:35
if you focus on a problem locally, it's not going to help you.
97
335803
3296
所以如果只著重於單一地點,對解決問題毫無幫助
05:39
We need to work with governments in regional levels.
98
339099
2707
我們需要與各國政府進行區域合作
05:41
We're working with local communities.
99
341806
2936
我們也和當地居民合作
05:44
We're talking to them about appreciating vultures,
100
344742
3142
告訴他們如何欣賞禿鷹
05:47
about the need from within to appreciate these
101
347884
2555
以及人類對這些美麗物種的需求
05:50
wonderful creatures and the services that they provide.
102
350439
3037
以及牠們提供的幫助
05:53
How can you help? You can become active,
103
353476
3013
怎樣參與合作呢?你可以開始行動
05:56
make noise. You can write a letter to your government
104
356489
2723
積極表示意見,寫信給你的政府
05:59
and tell them that we need to focus on these very
105
359212
2310
告訴當權者我們需要關注這些
06:01
misunderstood creatures. Volunteer your time
106
361522
3178
被誤會的物種
06:04
to spread the word. Spread the word.
107
364700
2616
花點時間分享這些內容,傳遞出去
06:07
When you walk out of this room, you will be informed
108
367316
2344
當你走出這間房間
06:09
about vultures, but speak to your families, to your children,
109
369660
2800
你將收到關於禿鷹的訊息
06:12
to your neighbors about vultures.
110
372460
2161
告訴你的家庭、孩子和鄰居
06:14
They are very graceful. Charles Darwin said
111
374621
3063
禿鷹是一種優美的動物
06:17
he changed his mind because he watched them fly
112
377684
3029
達爾文見到牠們在空間輕鬆飛翔的姿態時
06:20
effortlessly without energy in the skies.
113
380713
3265
改變了他的想法
06:23
Kenya, this world, will be much poorer
114
383978
2879
如果沒有這樣美麗的物種
06:26
without these wonderful species.
115
386857
2585
肯亞和這個世界都將會變得更貧窮
06:29
Thank you very much. (Applause)
116
389442
4000
謝謝!(掌聲)

Original video on YouTube.com
關於本網站

本網站將向您介紹對學習英語有用的 YouTube 視頻。 您將看到來自世界各地的一流教師教授的英語課程。 雙擊每個視頻頁面上顯示的英文字幕,從那裡播放視頻。 字幕與視頻播放同步滾動。 如果您有任何意見或要求,請使用此聯繫表與我們聯繫。

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7