Dianna Cohen: Tough truths about plastic pollution

112,962 views ・ 2010-10-20

TED


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譯者: Wang-Ju Tsai 審譯者: Adrienne Lin
00:15
I'm a visual artist,
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我是視覺藝術家
00:17
and I'm also one of the co-founders of the Plastic Pollution Coalition.
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我同時也是塑膠污染聯盟的發起人之一。
00:20
I've been working with plastic bags,
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塑膠袋是我主要的創作材料
00:23
which I cut up and sew back together as my primary material for my artwork
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我把不同的塑膠袋剪開再縫合拼湊起來
00:26
for the last 20 years.
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已經有20年了。
00:28
I turn them into two and three-dimensional pieces
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我做出二度和三度象限的作品
00:31
and sculptures and installations.
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還有塑像和擺置。
00:34
Upon working with the plastic, after about the first eight years,
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我的有些作品在大約八年後
00:37
some of my work started to fissure
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開始產生裂縫
00:39
and break down into smaller little bits of plastic.
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並分解成更小的塑膠塊。
00:43
And I thought, "Great.
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我那時想,”太好了
00:45
It's ephemeral just like us."
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跟人一樣,塑膠作品也有生命極限。“
00:48
Upon educating myself a little further about plastics,
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等我對塑膠的特性更了解了以後
00:51
I actually realized this was a bad thing.
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我才知道這是一件壞事。
00:54
It's a bad thing that plastic breaks down into smaller little bits,
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因爲雖然塑膠會裂成小塊
00:57
because it's always still plastic.
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但那終究還是無法分解的塑膠。
00:59
And what we're finding
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我們還發現
01:01
is that a lot of it is in the marine environment.
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有很多的塑膠都流到海裏。
01:03
I then, in the last few years,
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在接下來的幾年
01:05
learned about the Pacific garbage patch and the gyre.
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我也知道了北太平洋垃圾環流和垃圾漩渦。
01:08
And my initial reaction --
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我的第一個反應
01:10
and I think this is a lot of people's first reaction
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跟很多人聽到這件事的反應
01:12
to learning about it --
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我想是一樣的
01:14
is, "Oh my God!
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我想,”天哪,
01:16
We've got to go out there and clean this thing up."
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我們應該出海去把這些垃圾清乾淨。“
01:18
So I actually developed a proposal
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所以我真的提了一個計劃
01:20
to go out with a cargo ship
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跟一艘貨櫃船、
01:22
and two decommissioned fishing trawlers,
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和兩艘退休的拖網漁船、
01:24
a crane, a chipping machine
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一座起重機、一座磨碎機、
01:27
and a cold-molding machine.
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還有一台冷模機出海。
01:29
And my intention was to go out to the gyre,
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我打算開到垃圾漩渦那裏去
01:31
raise awareness about this issue
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一面讓人們了解這件事的嚴重性
01:33
and begin to pick up the plastic,
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也順便把塑膠撈起來
01:35
chip it into little bits and cold mold it into bricks
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磨碎以後用機器壓成磚塊
01:38
that could potentially be used as building materials
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以後送給發展中的國家
01:41
in underdeveloped communities.
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可以來當建材用。
01:45
I began talking with people
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我開始跟實際去過垃圾漩渦
01:47
who actually had been out to the gyre
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或研究海洋垃圾問題的人
01:49
and were studying the plastic problem in the marine environment
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談及這個計劃
01:52
and upon doing so,
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談過了以後我才知道
01:55
I realized actually that cleaning it up
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這樣去海上撈起來的塑膠
01:57
would be a very small drop in the bucket
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跟全世界每天實際上
02:00
relative to how much is being generated
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產生的塑膠的量比起來
02:02
every day around the world,
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只是九牛一毛,
02:05
and that actually I needed to back up and look at the bigger picture.
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我必須退一步把問題看得清楚一些
02:07
And the bigger picture is:
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真正的解決之道在於:
02:09
we need to find a way to turn off the faucet.
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我們必須把生産垃圾的源頭關起來。
02:12
We need to cut the spigot
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我們必須停止
02:14
of single-use and disposable plastics,
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這種使用一次就丟棄的塑膠產品
02:16
which are entering the marine environment every day
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這些塑膠每天
02:19
on a global scale.
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以全球性的規模侵入海裏。
02:21
So in looking at that, I also realized that I was really angry.
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看到這,我十分的生氣。
02:24
I wasn't just concerned about plastic
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我擔心的不只是海上漂浮的塑膠
02:27
that you're trying to imagine out in the middle of the Pacific Ocean --
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你想象的在太平洋的中間的那些
02:29
of which I have learned there are now
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我現在還知道
02:31
11 gyres, potentially, of plastic
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有11個塑膠垃圾漩渦
02:33
in five major oceans in the world.
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遍佈全球五大洋。
02:36
It's not just that gyre of plastic that I'm concerned about --
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我關心的不只是這些塑膠垃圾的漩渦
02:39
it's the gyre of plastic in the supermarket.
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還有這些充斥商場的塑膠。
02:41
I'd go to the supermarket and all of my food is packaged in plastic.
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我要是去超級市場買東西
02:44
All of my beverages are packaged in plastic,
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吃的喝的所有包裝都是塑膠作的
02:46
even at the health food market.
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即使在有機商店也是。
02:49
I'm also concerned about the plastic in the refrigerator,
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我也很關心冰箱裏的塑膠
02:52
and I'm concerned about the plastic and the toxins that leach from plastic
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還有從塑膠容器滲出的有毒物
02:55
into us and into our bodies.
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被我們吃下和吸收。
02:58
So I came together with a group of other people
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所以我跟其它的一些
03:00
who were all looking at this issue,
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關心研究這個問題的人
03:02
and we created the Plastic Pollution Coalition.
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一起成立了“塑膠污染聯盟”
03:05
We have many initiatives that we're working on,
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我們有很多主意正在進行
03:07
but some of them are very basic.
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其中有一些是挺基本的。
03:09
One is: if 80 to 90 percent
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其中之一為:
03:12
of what we're finding in the ocean --
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如果我們在海裡找到的垃圾裏
03:14
of the marine debris that we're finding in the ocean -- is plastic,
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百分之80到90都是塑膠
03:16
then why don't we call it what it is.
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那麽乾脆就稱之爲
03:19
It's plastic pollution.
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塑膠污染(而不是垃圾污染)。
03:21
Recycling -- everybody kind of ends their books
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還有資源回收,所有提到綠色意識和永續經營的書
03:24
about being sustainable and greening with the idea of recycling.
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最後都是用“資源回收”的概念來結尾。
03:27
You put something in a bin and you don't have to think about it again.
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只要把廢棄物放到正確的回收桶裏就好了。
03:30
What is the reality of that?
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但真的是這樣嗎?
03:32
In the United States, less than seven percent of our plastics are recycled.
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在美國,塑膠回收的比率不到7%
03:35
And if you really look into it,
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你要是進一步追蹤
03:37
particularly when it comes to plastic bottles,
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特別是塑膠瓶
03:39
most of it is only down-cycled,
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大部分只能降級回收(不能真的回收原料)
03:41
or incinerated, or shipped to China.
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或是燒掉,或是運到中國去。
03:44
It is down-cycled and turned into lesser things,
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被降級回收並作成二次產物。
03:47
while a glass bottle can be a glass bottle again
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玻璃瓶回收處理後
03:50
or can be used again --
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又可以是玻璃瓶並再次使用,
03:52
a plastic bottle can never be a plastic bottle again.
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但是塑膠瓶卻不會再被用作塑膠瓶。
03:55
So this is a big issue for us.
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所以這是嚴重的問題。
03:57
Another thing that we're looking at and asking people to think about
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我們現在思考的,也要大家去想想的問題
04:00
is we've added a fourth R
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就是在原本3R(減量、再利用、回收)的前面
04:03
onto the front
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再加一個R(Refuse拒絕)。
04:05
of the "Reduce, Reuse, Recycle," three R's,
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原本的3R:減量(Reduce)、再利用(Reuse)、回收(Recycle)
04:07
and that is refuse.
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再加上 拒絕(Refuse)。
04:09
Whenever possible, refuse single-use and disposable plastics.
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可以的話,盡量拒絕用過即丟的塑膠品
04:12
Alternatives exist;
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替代方案是有的。
04:14
some of them are very old-school.
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有一些是我們上學時就知道了
04:16
I myself am now collecting these cool Pyrex containers
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我現在收集一些玻璃容器,
04:19
and using those instead of Glad and Tupperware containers
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還有盡量不用塑膠的保鮮盒、保鮮袋
04:21
to store food in.
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來裝食物。
04:23
And I know that I am doing a service
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我知道這樣做對我
04:25
to myself and my family.
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和我家人是好事一件。
04:27
It's very easy to pick up a stainless-steel bottle
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要找到一個不銹鋼瓶、玻璃瓶
04:29
or a glass bottle,
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也不是難事
04:31
if you're traveling and you've forgotten to bring your stainless-steel bottle
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你如果要出門
04:33
and fill that up with water or filtered water,
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記得帶個不銹鋼瓶裝水
04:36
versus purchasing plastic bottled water.
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而不要在外面賣塑膠瓶裝水。
04:39
I guess what I want to say to everybody here --
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我想在這裡,對大家說的是
04:41
and I know that you guys know a lot about this issue --
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我也知道大家對這件事也懂得很多
04:44
is that this is a huge problem in the oceans,
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那就是,漂浮在海上的塑膠,是個嚴重的問題
04:46
but this is a problem that we've created as consumers
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然而,這是身爲消費者的我們所製造的
04:49
and we can solve.
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我們也可以解決這個問題。
04:51
We can solve this by raising awareness of the issue
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藉著喚起大家的意識
04:54
and teaching people to choose alternatives.
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和教育大家使用塑膠的替代品來解決問題。
04:57
So whenever possible, to choose alternatives
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所以,盡量別用用過就丟的塑膠品
04:59
to single-use plastics.
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使用它的替代品
05:01
We can cut the stem -- tide the stem of this
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我們可以將塑膠流入海的問題
05:03
into our oceans
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從根拔起,
05:05
and in doing so,
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也用這個行動
05:07
save our oceans, save our planet, save ourselves.
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來救海洋、救地球、救我們自己。
05:10
Thank you. (Applause)
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