Chip Conley: Measuring what makes life worthwhile

175,197 views ・ 2010-06-21

TED


請雙擊下方英文字幕播放視頻。

譯者: Andrew Lai 審譯者: Wang-Ju Tsai
00:16
I'm going to talk about the simple truth in leadership
0
16260
2000
我要說些21世紀
00:18
in the 21st century.
1
18260
2000
領導的簡單的小道理
00:20
In the 21st century, we need to actually look at --
2
20260
3000
現在是21世紀,我們應該要看的東西
00:23
and what I'm actually going to encourage you to consider today --
3
23260
3000
和我今天鼓勵大家去想想的事情
00:26
is to go back to our school days
4
26260
2000
要回溯到我們上學的時候
00:28
when we learned how to count.
5
28260
2000
回溯到我們學算數的時候
00:30
But I think it's time for us to think about what we count.
6
30260
3000
我認為該想想我們到底數了些什麼
00:33
Because what we actually count
7
33260
2000
因為我們真正在意的事
00:35
truly counts.
8
35260
2000
才算數
00:37
Let me start by telling you a little story.
9
37260
2000
我先從小故事說起
00:39
This is Van Quach.
10
39260
2000
這是范姱嬬
00:41
She came to this country in 1986 from Vietnam.
11
41260
3000
1986年的時候從越南移民到這
00:44
She changed her name to Vivian
12
44260
2000
把名字改成薇薇安
00:46
because she wanted to fit in here in America.
13
46260
2000
希望能夠融入這裡的生活
00:48
Her first job was at an inner-city motel
14
48260
2000
她的第一份工作
00:50
in San Francisco as a maid.
15
50260
2000
是在舊金山市中心的汽車旅館當清潔人員
00:52
I happened to buy that motel
16
52260
2000
事實上,她工作三個月後
00:54
about three months after Vivian started working there.
17
54260
3000
我恰巧買了那間旅館
00:57
So Vivian and I have been working together for 23 years.
18
57260
3000
所以薇薇安跟我共事了23年
01:01
With the youthful idealism of a 26-year-old,
19
61260
2000
那時候是1987年
01:03
in 1987,
20
63260
2000
我26歲,心理充滿了理想
01:05
I started my company and I called it Joie de Vivre,
21
65260
2000
我開始經營飯店,稱為「人生之樂」
01:07
a very impractical name,
22
67260
2000
這是個非常不切實際的名字
01:10
because I actually was looking to create joy of life.
23
70260
3000
因為我想創造生活的快樂
01:13
And this first hotel that I bought, motel,
24
73260
3000
這就是我第一個收購的旅館,
01:16
was a pay-by-the-hour, no-tell motel
25
76260
3000
是以時計費,供人「休息」的汽車旅館
01:19
in the inner-city of San Francisco.
26
79260
2000
在舊金山的市區内。
01:21
As I spent time with Vivian,
27
81260
2000
我跟薇薇安一起工作的時候
01:23
I saw that she had sort of a joie de vivre
28
83260
3000
我發現她工作的方式
01:26
in how she did her work.
29
86260
2000
有「人生之樂」的特質。
01:28
It made me question and curious:
30
88260
2000
這讓我既疑惑又好奇
01:30
How could someone actually find joy
31
90260
2000
怎麼可能有人
01:32
in cleaning toilets for a living?
32
92260
3000
會喜歡以掃廁維生
01:35
So I spent time with Vivian, and I saw that
33
95260
3000
所以我就觀察薇薇安,發現
01:38
she didn't find joy in cleaning toilets.
34
98260
2000
她並非以掃廁所為樂
01:40
Her job, her goal and her calling
35
100260
2000
她的目標、職志
01:42
was not to become the world's greatest toilet scrubber.
36
102260
3000
並不是成為世界第一的廁所清潔工
01:45
What counts for Vivian was the emotional connection
37
105260
2000
她在意的是情感的聯繫
01:47
she created with her fellow employees and our guests.
38
107260
3000
是同事、顧客、和自己間的關係。
01:50
And what gave her inspiration and meaning
39
110260
2000
鼓舞並讓她覺得有意義的是
01:52
was the fact that she was taking care of people
40
112260
3000
她的工作,而這份工作
01:55
who were far away from home.
41
115260
2000
其實是照顧異鄉遊子。
01:57
Because Vivian knew what it was like to be far away from home.
42
117260
3000
因為薇薇安深知離鄉背井的感受。
02:00
That very human lesson,
43
120260
2000
這二十幾年前
02:02
more than 20 years ago,
44
122260
2000
人性溫暖的例子
02:04
served me well during the last
45
124260
2000
幫助我度過上一個
02:06
economic downturn we had.
46
126260
3000
經濟衰退。
02:09
In the wake of the dotcom crash and 9/11,
47
129260
2000
網路股泡沫化以及911事件開始的時候
02:11
San Francisco Bay Area hotels
48
131260
2000
讓舊金山的灣區酒店的收入
02:13
went through the largest percentage revenue drop
49
133260
2000
大幅減少
02:15
in the history of American hotels.
50
135260
2000
是美國史上的新低。
02:17
We were the largest operator of hotels in the Bay Area,
51
137260
3000
當時我們是灣區最大的業者
02:20
so we were particularly vulnerable.
52
140260
2000
所以受到的衝擊非常大。
02:22
But also back then,
53
142260
2000
也同樣是那時候
02:24
remember we stopped eating French fries in this country.
54
144260
2000
美國國内抵制吃薯條
02:26
Well, not exactly, of course not.
55
146260
3000
其實也不盡然,
02:29
We started eating "freedom fries,"
56
149260
3000
應該說,我們不吃「法式薯條」開始吃「自由薯條」
02:32
and we started boycotting anything that was French.
57
152260
3000
抵制全部跟法國有關的東西
02:35
Well, my name of my company, Joie de Vivre --
58
155260
3000
我公司的名字「人生之樂」就是法文
02:38
so I started getting these letters
59
158260
2000
所以我就陸續收到
02:40
from places like Alabama and Orange County
60
160260
3000
從阿拉巴馬和橘郡等地來的信
02:43
saying to me that they were going to boycott my company
61
163260
2000
說要抵制我的公司
02:45
because they thought we were a French company.
62
165260
2000
因為他們認為我們是法國公司
02:47
And I'd write them back, and I'd say, "What a minute. We're not French.
63
167260
3000
然後我就回信說
02:50
We're an American company. We're based in San Francisco."
64
170260
3000
我們不是法商!我們是在舊金山的美國公司!
02:53
And I'd get a terse response: "Oh, that's worse."
65
173260
2000
接著我收到了一封回信說:「噢!那更糟!」
02:55
(Laughter)
66
175260
3000
(笑聲)
02:58
So one particular day
67
178260
2000
所以有一天
03:00
when I was feeling a little depressed and not a lot of joie de vivre,
68
180260
2000
我覺得有點鬱悶,不太快樂
03:02
I ended up in the local bookstore around the corner from our offices.
69
182260
3000
我就到辦公室附近的書店逛逛
03:05
And I initially ended up in the business section of the bookstore
70
185260
3000
一開始我只在商業叢書區
03:08
looking for a business solution.
71
188260
2000
找尋解決方法
03:10
But given my befuddled state of mind, I ended up
72
190260
2000
但是我的頭腦真是太混亂了
03:12
in the self-help section very quickly.
73
192260
2000
所以我很快就逛到勵志叢書區
03:14
That's where I got reacquainted with
74
194260
2000
就在那,我再讀了
03:16
Abraham Maslow's "hierarchy of needs."
75
196260
3000
亞伯拉罕·馬斯洛的需求層次理論。
03:19
I took one psychology class in college,
76
199260
2000
我大學時候修了門心理學
03:21
and I learned about this guy, Abraham Maslow,
77
201260
2000
學到了亞伯拉罕·馬斯洛
03:23
as many of us are familiar with his hierarchy of needs.
78
203260
2000
很多人都熟悉他的需求層次理論
03:25
But as I sat there for four hours,
79
205260
3000
我在那坐了四個小時
03:28
the full afternoon, reading Maslow,
80
208260
3000
整個下午都在讀馬斯洛的書
03:31
I recognized something
81
211260
2000
使我體認到了一些
03:33
that is true of most leaders.
82
213260
2000
大部分領袖都具備共同的特質。
03:35
One of the simplest facts in business
83
215260
2000
在企業内最簡單清楚的事實之一
03:37
is something that we often neglect,
84
217260
2000
卻也是我們常忽略的
03:39
and that is that we're all human.
85
219260
2000
那就是:「我們都是人。」
03:41
Each of us, no matter what our role is in business,
86
221260
3000
不管我們在事業上的角色為何
03:44
has some hierarchy of needs
87
224260
2000
在職場上
03:46
in the workplace.
88
226260
2000
都有自己的需求層次。
03:48
So as I started reading more Maslow,
89
228260
2000
接著我讀了更多馬斯洛的書
03:50
what I started to realize is that
90
230260
2000
我漸漸發現
03:52
Maslow, later in his life,
91
232260
2000
其實馬斯洛稍後
03:54
wanted to take this hierarchy for the individual
92
234260
2000
想把個人的需求層次理論
03:56
and apply it to the collective,
93
236260
2000
套用到群體
03:58
to organizations and specifically to business.
94
238260
3000
套用到組織,特別是商業組織
04:01
But unfortunately, he died prematurely in 1970,
95
241260
3000
但不幸的是馬斯洛英在1970年英年早逝
04:04
and so he wasn't really able to live that dream completely.
96
244260
2000
所以他並沒能完全實現那夢想。
04:06
So I realized in that dotcom crash
97
246260
3000
我發覺網路股泡沫化的時候
04:09
that my role in life was to channel Abe Maslow.
98
249260
3000
我人生的階段任務就是跟馬斯洛對話。
04:12
And that's what I did a few years ago
99
252260
2000
這也是幾年前我所做的
04:14
when I took that five-level hierarchy of needs pyramid
100
254260
3000
把需求層次理論的五層金字塔
04:17
and turned it into what I call the transformation pyramid,
101
257260
3000
變成我所謂的「轉型金字塔」
04:20
which is survival, success and transformation.
102
260260
3000
包括生存、成功、轉型
04:23
It's not just fundamental in business, it's fundamental in life.
103
263260
3000
這金字塔不只是事業的基石,更是人生的基石。
04:26
And we started asking ourselves the questions
104
266260
2000
我們開始問自己
04:28
about how we were actually addressing
105
268260
2000
要如何滿足公司内
04:30
the higher needs, these transformational needs
106
270260
2000
主要員工高階的需求
04:32
for our key employees in the company.
107
272260
3000
也就是轉型需求
04:35
These three levels of the hierarchy needs
108
275260
2000
這三層的需求層次
04:37
relate to the five levels
109
277260
2000
其實跟馬斯洛的
04:39
of Maslow's hierarchy of needs.
110
279260
2000
五階層需求層次有關
04:41
But as we started asking ourselves about how we were addressing
111
281260
2000
可是當我們要著手衡量
04:43
the higher needs of our employees and our customers,
112
283260
3000
員工和顧客的高階需求的時候
04:46
I realized we had no metrics.
113
286260
2000
我才發現,我們沒有衡量標準。
04:48
We had nothing that actually could tell us whether we were actually getting it right.
114
288260
3000
不知道怎樣衡量才是對的。
04:51
So we started asking ourselves:
115
291260
2000
所以我們反問自己
04:53
What kind of less obvious metrics
116
293260
2000
還有什麼我們看不見的變數
04:55
could we use to actually evaluate
117
295260
3000
可以用來實際地評估
04:58
our employees' sense of meaning,
118
298260
2000
員工的感覺
05:00
or our customers' sense of emotional connection with us?
119
300260
3000
或是顧客跟我們的情感聯係度
05:03
For example, we actually started asking our employees,
120
303260
2000
舉例來說,我們問員工說
05:05
do they understand the mission of our company,
121
305260
2000
你們了解我們公司的服務宗旨嗎?
05:07
and do they feel like they believe in it,
122
307260
2000
你們認同我們的服務宗旨嗎?
05:09
can they actually influence it,
123
309260
2000
你們能為公司帶來任何改變嗎?
05:11
and do they feel that their work actually has an impact on it?
124
311260
3000
你們真的覺得自己的工作對公司有影響嗎?
05:14
We started asking our customers,
125
314260
2000
我們也問顧客
05:16
did they feel an emotional connection with us,
126
316260
2000
是否覺得和我們有
05:18
in one of seven different kinds of ways.
127
318260
3000
七種程度不同的情感的聯係。
05:21
Miraculously, as we asked these questions
128
321260
2000
神奇的是,藉由問這些問題
05:23
and started giving attention higher up the pyramid,
129
323260
3000
還有漸漸注重金字塔頂端的需求後
05:26
what we found is we created more loyalty.
130
326260
2000
我們竟然讓顧客的忠誠度提高了。
05:28
Our customer loyalty skyrocketed.
131
328260
2000
顧客對我們的忠誠度疾速攀升
05:30
Our employee turnover dropped
132
330260
2000
員工的離職律也降低到
05:32
to one-third of the industry average,
133
332260
2000
產業平均的三分之一。
05:34
and during that five year dotcom bust,
134
334260
2000
網路股泡沫化為期五年
05:36
we tripled in size.
135
336260
2000
那五年裡,我們的營業規模變為三倍。
05:38
As I went out and started spending time with other leaders out there
136
338260
3000
之後我跟其他領導者聊天
05:41
and asking them how they were getting through that time,
137
341260
2000
問他們如何撐過那段時期
05:43
what they told me over and over again
138
343260
2000
我聼到的都是
05:45
was that they just manage what they can measure.
139
345260
2000
他們只管理有形的看得到的
05:47
What we can measure is that tangible stuff
140
347260
2000
他們能看到的就是金字塔底端
05:49
at the bottom of the pyramid.
141
349260
2000
有形的資產
05:51
They didn't even see the intangible stuff
142
351260
2000
大家都沒看倒金字塔上層
05:53
higher up the pyramid.
143
353260
2000
無形的資產。
05:55
So I started asking myself the question:
144
355260
2000
所以我開始問自己
05:57
How can we get leaders to start valuing the intangible?
145
357260
2000
要如何讓大家重視無形的資產?
05:59
If we're taught as leaders to just manage what we can measure,
146
359260
3000
如果大家跟企業家一樣,只管理能夠量化的
06:02
and all we can measure is the tangible in life,
147
362260
3000
也就是人生中有形的資產
06:05
we're missing a whole lot of things at the top of the pyramid.
148
365260
3000
我們就會失去金字塔頂端的所有東西。
06:08
So I went out and studied a bunch of things,
149
368260
2000
所以我繼續作了一些研究
06:10
and I found a survey that showed
150
370260
2000
發現一則調查顯示
06:12
that 94 percent
151
372260
2000
百分之九十四的
06:14
of business leaders worldwide
152
374260
2000
企業領導者相信
06:16
believe that the intangibles are important in their business,
153
376260
2000
對於自己的企業來說,無形資產是很重要的
06:18
things like intellectual property,
154
378260
2000
包括智慧財產
06:20
their corporate culture, their brand loyalty,
155
380260
2000
企業文化、品牌忠誠度。
06:22
and yet, only five percent of those same leaders
156
382260
3000
但是其中只有百分之五的企業主
06:25
actually had a means of measuring the intangibles in their business.
157
385260
3000
真的有一套標準來衡量事業上無形的資產。
06:28
So as leaders, we understand
158
388260
2000
跟企業主一樣,我們也知道
06:30
that intangibles are important,
159
390260
2000
無形資產很重要
06:32
but we don't have a clue how to measure them.
160
392260
3000
但是壓根不知道怎麼衡量無形資產。
06:35
So here's another Einstein quote:
161
395260
2000
愛因斯坦說
06:37
"Not everything that can be counted counts,
162
397260
3000
不是所有算的出來的東西都有意義
06:40
and not everything that counts can be counted."
163
400260
3000
有意義的事情不一定算的出來。
06:44
I hate to argue with Einstein,
164
404260
2000
我不想跟愛因斯坦爭論
06:46
but if that which is most valuable
165
406260
3000
但最有價值的東西
06:49
in our life and our business
166
409260
2000
無論是人生中還是事業上
06:51
actually can't be counted or valued,
167
411260
3000
都算不清,也估不得
06:54
aren't we going to spend our lives
168
414260
2000
難道要任由生命陷在
06:56
just mired in measuring the mundane?
169
416260
3000
對世俗東西的計算嗎?
06:59
It was that sort of heady question about what counts
170
419260
3000
因爲對這量化的問題百思不解
07:02
that led me to take my CEO hat off for a week
171
422260
3000
讓我拋掉執行長的頭銜一個禮拜
07:05
and fly off to the Himalayan peaks.
172
425260
3000
飛到喜馬拉雅山區
07:08
I flew off to a place that's been shrouded in mystery for centuries,
173
428260
3000
這地方已經藏在神祕的面紗後好幾世紀了
07:11
a place some folks call Shangri-La.
174
431260
3000
就是人們口中香格里拉。
07:14
It's actually moved from the survival base of the pyramid
175
434260
3000
香格里拉就是從金字塔底部的生存層
07:17
to becoming a transformational
176
437260
2000
轉型成功的例子
07:19
role model for the world.
177
439260
2000
值得借鏡。
07:21
I went to Bhutan.
178
441260
2000
我去了不丹
07:23
The teenage king of Bhutan was also a curious man,
179
443260
2000
不丹的國王還是少年,頗具好奇心
07:25
but this was back in 1972,
180
445260
3000
在1972年
07:28
when he ascended to the throne
181
448260
2000
他的父親去世兩天後
07:30
two days after his father passed away.
182
450260
2000
不丹國王便登基
07:32
At age 17, he started asking the kinds of questions
183
452260
3000
那時國王年僅17歲,他開始思考一些問題
07:35
that you'd expect of someone with a beginner's mind.
184
455260
2000
一些聼起來像初學者的問題。
07:37
On a trip through India,
185
457260
2000
在他剛開始統治不丹的時候
07:39
early in his reign as king,
186
459260
3000
有一次去印度拜訪
07:42
he was asked by an Indian journalist
187
462260
2000
有個記者問國王
07:44
about the Bhutanese GDP,
188
464260
2000
不丹的國内生産毛額
07:46
the size of the Bhutanese GDP.
189
466260
3000
不丹的國内生産毛額有多少
07:49
The king responded in a fashion
190
469260
2000
國王的那時的囘答
07:51
that actually has transformed us four decades later.
191
471260
3000
影響了四十年後的我們。
07:54
He said the following, he said: "Why are we so obsessed
192
474260
3000
國王說,我們為什麼那麼執意、
07:57
and focused with gross domestic product?
193
477260
2000
注重國内生産毛額
07:59
Why don't we care more about
194
479260
2000
我們為什麼不多注意,
08:01
gross national happiness?"
195
481260
2000
國内幸福毛額
08:03
Now, in essence, the king was asking us to consider
196
483260
3000
事實上,國王要我們多想想
08:06
an alternative definition of success,
197
486260
2000
成功另外的定義
08:08
what has come to be known as
198
488260
2000
也就是後來的
08:10
GNH, or gross national happiness.
199
490260
3000
GNH,或稱為國内幸福毛額。
08:13
Most world leaders didn't take notice,
200
493260
2000
大多數的國家領導者都不注重GNH
08:15
and those that did thought this was just "Buddhist economics."
201
495260
3000
或者認為這只是「佛教經濟學」
08:19
But the king was serious.
202
499260
2000
但國王卻很認真
08:21
This was a notable moment,
203
501260
2000
這是重要的一刻
08:23
because this was the first time a world leader
204
503260
2000
因為這是第一次
08:25
in almost 200 years
205
505260
2000
在近兩百年來
08:27
had suggested
206
507260
2000
有領導人物提出
08:29
that intangible of happiness --
207
509260
2000
幸福的無形價值。
08:31
that leader 200 years ago,
208
511260
2000
兩百年前也有領導者提過
08:33
Thomas Jefferson with the Declaration of Independence --
209
513260
3000
那人就是提出「獨立宣言」的湯瑪斯傑弗遜
08:36
200 years later,
210
516260
2000
兩百年後
08:38
this king was suggesting that intangible of happiness
211
518260
2000
不丹王提出幸福的無形價值
08:40
is something that we should measure,
212
520260
2000
正是我們該去衡量的
08:42
and it's something we should actually value
213
522260
2000
而且我們是應該要珍視的
08:44
as government officials.
214
524260
2000
身為政府官員,理應如此。
08:46
For the next three dozen years as king,
215
526260
3000
在他執政的三十六年中
08:49
this king actually started measuring
216
529260
3000
確實去衡量
08:52
and managing around happiness in Bhutan --
217
532260
3000
且提昇不丹的幸福指數。
08:55
including, just recently, taking his country
218
535260
2000
不丹國王最近還把自己的國家
08:57
from being an absolute monarchy to a constitutional monarchy
219
537260
3000
從絕對君主制變成君主立憲制
09:00
with no bloodshed, no coup.
220
540260
2000
改革期間沒有傷亡,也沒有政變
09:02
Bhutan, for those of you who don't know it,
221
542260
2000
對那些不太了解不丹的人來說
09:04
is the newest democracy in the world, just two years ago.
222
544260
3000
不丹是世上最年輕的民主國家,現在才兩歲。
09:07
So as I spent time with leaders in the GNH movement,
223
547260
3000
我跟其他領導者參加GNH運動的時候
09:10
I got to really understand what they're doing.
224
550260
2000
才真正了解他們在做什麼。
09:12
And I got to spend some time with the prime minister.
225
552260
2000
我跟首相處了一段時間
09:14
Over dinner, I asked him an impertinent question.
226
554260
3000
晚宴時,問了首相一個很直接的問題
09:18
I asked him,
227
558260
2000
我問首相
09:20
"How can you create and measure
228
560260
3000
「你們怎麼能創造、衡量
09:23
something which evaporates --
229
563260
2000
摸不到的東西
09:25
in other words, happiness?"
230
565260
2000
也就是『幸福』?」
09:27
And he's a very wise man, and he said,
231
567260
2000
首相非常有智慧,跟我說
09:29
"Listen, Bhutan's goal is not to create happiness.
232
569260
3000
我告訴你呀,不丹並不是要創造幸福
09:32
We create the conditions for happiness to occur.
233
572260
3000
我們創造的是環境,讓幸福來臨的環境
09:35
In other words, we create a habitat of happiness."
234
575260
2000
也就是說,我們為幸福建造家園
09:37
Wow, that's interesting.
235
577260
2000
哇!那可真有趣!
09:39
He said that they have a science behind that art,
236
579260
3000
首相又說這藝術的背後,有著科學根據。
09:42
and they've actually created four essential pillars,
237
582260
2000
我們創造了四大項目
09:44
nine key indicators
238
584260
2000
九個關鍵指標
09:46
and 72 different metrics
239
586260
2000
七十二個單位
09:48
that help them to measure their GNH.
240
588260
3000
來計算國民幸福毛額
09:51
One of those key indicators is:
241
591260
3000
其實,其中一種關鍵指標就是
09:54
How do the Bhutanese feel about
242
594260
2000
不丹人覺得
09:56
how they spend their time each day?
243
596260
2000
自己每天怎麼花時間的情況為何
09:58
It's a good question. How do you feel about
244
598260
2000
這問題問的真好
10:00
how you spend your time each day?
245
600260
2000
你對自己每天花時間的情況覺得滿意嗎?
10:02
Time is one of the scarcest resources
246
602260
2000
時間這資源
10:04
in the modern world.
247
604260
2000
對現代來說是極其珍貴的
10:06
And yet, of course,
248
606260
2000
當然
10:08
that little intangible piece of data
249
608260
2000
這少量的無形資料
10:10
doesn't factor into our GDP calculations.
250
610260
2000
並不記入GDP的算式裡
10:12
As I spent my week up in the Himalayas,
251
612260
2000
在喜瑪拉雅山上的那七天
10:14
I started to imagine
252
614260
2000
我開始構思
10:16
what I call an emotional equation.
253
616260
3000
我所謂的情緒方程式。
10:19
And it focuses on something I read long ago
254
619260
3000
這方程式著重在很久以前讀的東西上
10:22
from a guy named Rabbi Hyman Schachtel.
255
622260
2000
就是史查鐵的著作
10:24
How many know him? Anybody?
256
624260
2000
有人知道這個人嗎?誰知道?
10:26
1954, he wrote a book called "The Real Enjoyment of Living,"
257
626260
3000
史查鐵再1954年時寫了「人生真趣」
10:29
and he suggested that happiness
258
629260
2000
書中提到幸福
10:31
is not about having what you want;
259
631260
3000
並不是擁有你想要的東西
10:34
instead, it's about wanting what you have.
260
634260
3000
而是珍惜你所有的。
10:37
Or in other words, I think the Bhutanese believe
261
637260
3000
換句話說,我覺得不丹人認為
10:40
happiness equals wanting what you have --
262
640260
2000
幸福就是珍惜所有
10:42
imagine gratitude --
263
642260
2000
想一下,“感激”除以
10:44
divided by having what you want --
264
644260
3000
欲望
10:47
gratification.
265
647260
2000
等於滿足
10:49
The Bhutanese aren't on some aspirational treadmill,
266
649260
3000
不丹人不是在跑步機上
10:52
constantly focused on what they don't have.
267
652260
3000
不斷追尋自己沒有的。
10:55
Their religion, their isolation,
268
655260
2000
不丹人的信仰、孤立的情勢
10:57
their deep respect for their culture
269
657260
2000
對本土文化的崇高敬意
10:59
and now the principles of their GNH movement
270
659260
2000
還有現在國内幸福毛額的原則
11:01
all have fostered a sense of gratitude
271
661260
2000
都讓不丹人感激
11:03
about what they do have.
272
663260
2000
握在手中的東西。
11:05
How many of us here, as TEDsters in the audience,
273
665260
3000
我們在座有多少位TED會員
11:08
spend more of our time
274
668260
2000
把時間花在
11:10
in the bottom half of this equation, in the denominator?
275
670260
3000
方程式的下半部,也就是分母上?
11:13
We are a bottom-heavy culture
276
673260
2000
我們的文化頭輕腳重
11:15
in more ways than one.
277
675260
2000
很多方面都是如此
11:17
(Laughter)
278
677260
2000
笑聲
11:19
The reality is, in Western countries,
279
679260
3000
其實,西方國家的人
11:22
quite often we do focus on the pursuit of happiness
280
682260
3000
常常把追求幸福掛在嘴邊
11:25
as if happiness is something that we have to go out --
281
685260
3000
好像幸福是在外頭
11:28
an object that we're supposed to get, or maybe many objects.
282
688260
3000
要去追求的東西或很多的東西。
11:31
Actually, in fact, if you look in the dictionary,
283
691260
2000
其實,你查查字典
11:33
many dictionaries define pursuit
284
693260
3000
很多字典對「追求」的定義是
11:37
as to "chase with hostility."
285
697260
3000
「帶著惡意追逐」
11:40
Do we pursue happiness with hostility?
286
700260
3000
我們會帶著惡意追逐幸福嗎
11:43
Good question. But back to Bhutan.
287
703260
3000
好問題!回到不丹
11:46
Bhutan's bordered on its north and south
288
706260
3000
不丹的北方和南方的鄰國(中國和印度)
11:49
by 38 percent of the world's population.
289
709260
2000
住著全世界百分之三十八的人口。
11:51
Could this little country,
290
711260
3000
這個小國
11:54
like a startup in a mature industry,
291
714260
2000
在發展完全的產業裡,像新人般
11:56
be the spark plug that influences
292
716260
3000
真的能夠像火星塞一樣
11:59
a 21st century
293
719260
2000
影響二十一世紀
12:01
of middle-class in China and India?
294
721260
2000
中國和印度的中產階級嗎?
12:03
Bhutan's created the ultimate export,
295
723260
3000
不丹真的出口了一樣獨特的東西
12:06
a new global currency of well-being,
296
726260
3000
是新的全球幸福指數。
12:09
and there are 40 countries around the world today
297
729260
2000
目前約四十個國家
12:11
that are studying their own GNH.
298
731260
2000
在研究自己的國民幸福毛額。
12:13
You may have heard, this last fall
299
733260
2000
今年秋天你可能聽過
12:15
Nicolas Sarkozy in France
300
735260
2000
法國總統薩柯齊
12:17
announcing the results of an 18-month study
301
737260
3000
宣布為期一年半的研究結果
12:20
by two Nobel economists,
302
740260
2000
該研究由兩位諾貝爾經濟學家主導
12:22
focusing on happiness and wellness in France.
303
742260
2000
著重在法國人的幸福及健康。
12:24
Sarkozy suggested that
304
744260
2000
薩柯齊認為
12:26
world leaders should stop
305
746260
2000
國家領導者不應該
12:28
myopically focusing on GDP
306
748260
2000
一直強調國内生産毛額
12:30
and consider a new index,
307
750260
2000
應該開始考量新的指數
12:32
what some French are calling a "joie de vivre index."
308
752260
3000
就是某些法國人口中的「人生之樂指數」
12:35
I like it.
309
755260
2000
我喜歡這說法
12:37
Co-branding opportunities.
310
757260
2000
這是個品牌合作的機會。
12:39
Just three days ago, three days ago here at TED,
311
759260
2000
三天前,就在TED這裡
12:41
we had a simulcast of David Cameron,
312
761260
2000
有卡麥隆的聯播
12:43
potentially the next prime minister of the UK,
313
763260
3000
卡麥隆是英國下任總理候選人
12:46
quoting one of my favorite speeches of all-time,
314
766260
3000
他引用了我最愛的演講之一
12:49
Robert Kennedy's poetic speech from 1968
315
769260
3000
勞伯甘迺迪在1968年的演講中
12:52
when he suggested that we're
316
772260
2000
提到我們太過短視
12:54
myopically focused on the wrong thing
317
774260
2000
並注重在錯誤的事上
12:56
and that GDP is a misplaced metric.
318
776260
3000
GDP就是其一
12:59
So it suggests that the momentum is shifting.
319
779260
3000
我們應該要轉移重心。
13:02
I've taken that Robert Kennedy quote,
320
782260
2000
我把勞伯甘乃迪的演講内容
13:04
and I've turned it into a new balance sheet for just a moment here.
321
784260
3000
整理成這個資產負債表。
13:07
This is a collection of things
322
787260
2000
GDP其實包括了很多項目
13:09
that Robert Kennedy said in that quote.
323
789260
2000
甘迺迪說
13:11
GDP counts everything from air pollution
324
791260
2000
從空氣污染
13:13
to the destruction of our redwoods.
325
793260
3000
到濫砍紅杉都在GDP的範圍内。
13:16
But it doesn't count the health of our children
326
796260
2000
但是不包括小孩子的健康
13:18
or the integrity of our public officials.
327
798260
3000
還有官員是否清廉。
13:21
As you look at these two columns here,
328
801260
3000
看看這兩個欄位
13:24
doesn't it make you feel like it's time for us
329
804260
2000
難道你不覺得
13:26
to start figuring out a new way to count,
330
806260
2000
這是該想出新的算法的時候了嗎?
13:28
a new way to imagine
331
808260
2000
想個新的方法來衡量
13:30
what's important to us in life?
332
810260
2000
人生中,重要的是什麼?
13:32
(Applause)
333
812260
4000
(掌聲)
13:36
Certainly Robert Kennedy suggested at the end of the speech exactly that.
334
816260
3000
勞伯甘迺迪在演講尾聲提到
13:39
He said GDP "measures everything in short,
335
819260
3000
國内生産毛額概括了大部分的東西
13:42
except that which makes life worthwhile."
336
822260
3000
但是不包括讓人不虛此生的東西
13:45
Wow.
337
825260
2000
哇!
13:47
So how do we do that?
338
827260
2000
所以我們要怎麼做呢?
13:49
Let me say one thing we can just start doing
339
829260
2000
我就說說大家可以開始做的事吧
13:51
ten years from now, at least in this country.
340
831260
2000
至少在這國家,從現在算起的十年。
13:53
Why in the heck in America
341
833260
2000
美國到底為什麼
13:55
are we doing a census in 2010?
342
835260
2000
要進行2010年人口普查
13:57
We're spending 10 billion dollars on the census.
343
837260
3000
這普查耗資100億元
14:00
We're asking 10 simple questions -- it is simplicity.
344
840260
2000
問了十個真的很簡單的問題
14:02
But all of those questions are tangible.
345
842260
3000
但這十個問題都是具體的。
14:05
They're about demographics.
346
845260
2000
都是關於人口的統計
14:07
They're about where you live, how many people you live with,
347
847260
2000
大概是住哪、跟多少人住
14:09
and whether you own your home or not.
348
849260
2000
有沒有自己的房子
14:11
That's about it.
349
851260
2000
大概就是這些
14:13
We're not asking meaningful metrics.
350
853260
2000
我們不問有意義的指標。
14:15
We're not asking important questions.
351
855260
2000
我們不問重要的問題。
14:17
We're not asking anything that's intangible.
352
857260
2000
我們不過問無形的東西。
14:19
Abe Maslow said long ago
353
859260
2000
馬斯洛很久以前說過
14:21
something you've heard before, but you didn't realize it was him.
354
861260
3000
你們聽過,但不知道這是馬斯洛說的
14:24
He said, "If the only tool you have is a hammer,
355
864260
3000
「如果你只有鎚子」
14:27
everything starts to look like a nail."
356
867260
3000
「其他東西看起來就會像釘子」
14:30
We've been fooled by our tool.
357
870260
2000
大家都被工具騙了
14:32
Excuse that expression.
358
872260
2000
原諒我這麽說。
14:34
(Laughter)
359
874260
2000
(笑聲)
14:36
We've been fooled by our tool.
360
876260
2000
大家都被工具擺了一道
14:38
GDP has been our hammer.
361
878260
3000
國内生産毛額是我們的鎚子
14:41
And our nail has been a 19th- and 20th-century
362
881260
3000
釘子就是十九、二十世紀
14:44
industrial-era model of success.
363
884260
3000
工業的鼎盛時期的成功。
14:47
And yet, 64 percent
364
887260
2000
但是目前百分之六十四
14:49
of the world's GDP today
365
889260
2000
的全球GDP
14:51
is in that intangible industry we call service,
366
891260
2000
是無形產業,也就是服務
14:53
the service industry, the industry I'm in.
367
893260
3000
是我身處的服務業。
14:56
And only 36 percent is in the tangible industries
368
896260
2000
有形產業只佔了百分之三十六
14:58
of manufacturing and agriculture.
369
898260
2000
如製造業還有農業
15:00
So maybe it's time that we get a bigger toolbox, right?
370
900260
3000
所以是該找大一點的計算工具的時候了。
15:03
Maybe it's time we get a toolbox that
371
903260
2000
另外找個計算工具
15:05
doesn't just count what's easily counted, the tangible in life,
372
905260
3000
算的不只是顯而易見的有形資產
15:08
but actually counts what we most value,
373
908260
3000
而是計算我們真正寶貴的東西
15:11
the things that are intangible.
374
911260
2000
就是無形資產。
15:13
I guess I'm sort of a curious CEO.
375
913260
2000
我想我是個好奇的執行長
15:15
I was also a curious economics major as an undergrad.
376
915260
3000
我大學的時候也很好奇,主修經濟
15:18
I learned that economists measure everything
377
918260
3000
我知道經濟學家測量所有的東西
15:21
in tangible units of production and consumption
378
921260
3000
以生產和消費的有形單位測量
15:24
as if each of those tangible units
379
924260
2000
好像每個有形的測量單位
15:26
is exactly the same.
380
926260
2000
都完全一樣。
15:28
They aren't the same.
381
928260
2000
其實不然。
15:30
In fact, as leaders, what we need to learn
382
930260
2000
事實上,我們身為領導者,要學的是
15:32
is that we can influence
383
932260
2000
我們真的能改變
15:34
the quality of that unit of production
384
934260
3000
生產單位的品質
15:37
by creating the conditions
385
937260
2000
我們可以創造環境
15:39
for our employees to live their calling.
386
939260
2000
讓員工實踐使命。
15:41
In Vivian's case,
387
941260
2000
其實,以薇薇安來說
15:43
her unit of production
388
943260
2000
薇薇安的生產單位
15:45
isn't the tangible hours she works,
389
945260
2000
並不是有形的工作時數
15:47
it's the intangible difference she makes
390
947260
2000
而是創造的無形差別
15:49
during that one hour of work.
391
949260
2000
工作的那一小時創造的差別。
15:51
This is Dave Arringdale who's actually
392
951260
2000
這是戴夫·阿淩戴爾
15:53
been a longtime guest at Vivian's motel.
393
953260
2000
是我們旅館的忠實顧客
15:55
He stayed there a hundred times
394
955260
2000
在我們那住了上百次
15:57
in the last 20 years,
395
957260
2000
在過去的二十年裏。
15:59
and he's loyal to the property because of the relationship
396
959260
3000
戴夫對這旅館很忠心
16:02
that Vivian and her fellow employees have created with him.
397
962260
3000
因為薇薇安跟同事跟他建立起了感情
16:05
They've created a habitat of happiness for Dave.
398
965260
3000
薇薇安和同事為戴夫創造了幸福的棲地。
16:08
He tells me that he can always count
399
968260
3000
戴夫跟我說
16:11
on Vivian and the staff there
400
971260
2000
薇薇安和其他員工永遠值得信任
16:13
to make him feel at home.
401
973260
3000
讓人賓至如歸。
16:16
Why is it that
402
976260
2000
為什麼
16:18
business leaders and investors
403
978260
2000
商業領導者和投資人
16:20
quite often don't see the connection
404
980260
3000
常常都忽略
16:23
between creating the intangible
405
983260
2000
創造員工的快樂
16:25
of employee happiness
406
985260
2000
這個無形的資產
16:27
with creating the tangible
407
987260
2000
和資金收益
16:29
of financial profits in their business?
408
989260
3000
這個有形的資產之間的關連
16:32
We don't have to choose between
409
992260
2000
士氣高昂的員工和龐大的獲利
16:34
inspired employees and sizable profits,
410
994260
3000
不是單一的選項
16:37
we can have both.
411
997260
2000
而是可以兼顧的
16:39
In fact, inspired employees quite often
412
999260
2000
事實上,士氣高昂的員工通常
16:41
help make sizable profits, right?
413
1001260
3000
都可以讓公司多賺點錢
16:44
So what the world needs now,
414
1004260
2000
所以世界現在需要的
16:46
in my opinion,
415
1006260
2000
在我看來
16:48
is business leaders and political leaders
416
1008260
3000
是商業領導者和政治領導者
16:51
who know what to count.
417
1011260
2000
都知道怎麼衡量幸福。
16:53
We count numbers.
418
1013260
2000
我們算數
16:55
We count on people.
419
1015260
3000
我們依賴員工
16:58
What really counts is when we actually use our numbers
420
1018260
3000
真正重要的是我們計算時
17:01
to truly take into account our people.
421
1021260
3000
要把“人”也算進考量裏。
17:04
I learned that from a maid in a motel
422
1024260
3000
旅館的清潔婦教了我這個道理
17:07
and a king of a country.
423
1027260
2000
一國之君也這樣教我
17:09
What can you
424
1029260
2000
從今天起
17:11
start counting today?
425
1031260
2000
你可以衡量什麼?
17:13
What one thing can you start counting today
426
1033260
3000
不管在工作或商業上,
17:16
that actually would be meaningful in your life,
427
1036260
2000
計算哪幾樣東西,
17:18
whether it's your work life or your business life?
428
1038260
3000
可以使你的生活變得有意義?
17:21
Thank you very much.
429
1041260
2000
非常感謝各位
17:23
(Applause)
430
1043260
8000
(掌聲)
關於本網站

本網站將向您介紹對學習英語有用的 YouTube 視頻。 您將看到來自世界各地的一流教師教授的英語課程。 雙擊每個視頻頁面上顯示的英文字幕,從那裡播放視頻。 字幕與視頻播放同步滾動。 如果您有任何意見或要求,請使用此聯繫表與我們聯繫。

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7