How to build your creative confidence | David Kelley

Translator: Timothy Covell Reviewer: Morton Bast

譯者: Karen SONG 審譯者: Dennis Guo

今天我想講一講

I wanted to talk to you today about creative confidence.

關於創造力自信心的問題

I'm going to start way back in the third grade

最開始我要追溯到

at Oakdale School in Barberton, Ohio.

俄亥俄州巴伯頓的歐克代爾學校三年級的時候

記得有一天，我最好的朋友布萊恩正在做手工

I remember one day my best friend Brian was working on a project.

他在做一匹馬

He was making a horse out of the clay our teacher kept under the sink.

用老師藏在水池下的陶土

那時候，跟他同桌的一個女孩子

And at one point, one of the girls that was sitting at his table,

看到他在做的東西

seeing what he was doing, leaned over and said to him,

靠過來說道

“真差勁。看起來一點兒也不像馬。”

"That's terrible. That doesn't look anything like a horse."

布萊恩的肩膀懈下來

And Brian's shoulders sank.

And he wadded up the clay horse and he threw it back in the bin.

把陶土小馬捏成一團，扔進了垃圾箱

那以後我再也沒見過布萊恩做類似的手工了

I never saw Brian do a project like that ever again.

And I wonder how often that happens, you know?

我想知道這種事有多普遍

當我對學生們講布萊恩的故事時

It seems like when I tell that story of Brian to my class,

似乎有很多人想在課後留下來

a lot of them want to come up after class

and tell me about their similar experience,

告訴我他們自己相似的經歷

老師如何貶低他們

how a teacher shut them down,

同學如何不留情面

or how a student was particularly cruel to them.

其中一些人從此再也不相信

And then some kind of opt out of thinking of themselves as creative

自己是有創意的人

at that point.

我發現這種童年時的改變

And I see that opting out that happens in childhood,

會變得越來越深刻

and it moves in and becomes more ingrained, even,

甚至直至成年

by the time you get to adult life.

所以我們看到很多這樣的例子

So we see a lot of this.

當我們辦學習班

When we have a workshop

or when we have clients in to work with us side by side,

或是與客戶並肩努力時

最終我們會進入一個環節

eventually we get to the point in the process

一個模糊的、非常規的環節

that's kind of fuzzy or unconventional.

最終，這些高層經理會抽出他們的黑莓手機

And eventually, these big-shot executives whip out their BlackBerrys

說他們必須打幾個非常重要的電話

and they say they have to make really important phone calls,

然後就走出了房間

and they head for the exits.

他們感到極不舒服

And they're just so uncomfortable.

When we track them down and ask them what's going on,

當我們跟蹤調查，問他們到底是怎麼回事

他們回答道：“我真不是創造型的人”

they say something like, "I'm just not the creative type."

But we know that's not true.

我們知道事實並非如此

If they stick with the process, if they stick with it,

如果他們堅持到底

they end up doing amazing things.

他們會做出非常驚人的成果

And they surprise themselves at just how innovative

他們感到非常驚奇

they and their teams really are.

自己和所在團隊能有多麼有創意

我研究這種評價恐懼症

So I've been looking at this fear of judgment that we have,

that you don't do things, you're afraid you're going to be judged;

你不去做一件事，因為你害怕被評價

if you don't say the right creative thing, you're going to be judged.

如果你說不出正確的有創造性的想法，就會被“判決”

我的主要突破發生在

And I had a major breakthrough,

我遇到心理學家亞伯特.班杜拉(Albert Bandura)之後

when I met the psychologist Albert Bandura.

不知你們是否瞭解亞伯特.班杜拉

I don't know if you know Albert Bandura, but if you go to Wikipedia,

但如果你們查查維琪百科

it says that he's the fourth most important psychologist in history --

上面寫著他是歷史上第四名最重要的心理學家

佛洛德、斯金納、某某和班杜拉

you know, like Freud, Skinner, somebody and Bandura.

(Laughter)

班杜拉已經86歲了，還在斯坦福任職

Bandura is 86 and he still works at Stanford.

And he's just a lovely guy.

他令人愉快

我去拜訪他

So I went to see him,

because he's just worked on phobias for a long time,

因他在恐懼症領域有多年經驗

which I'm very interested in.

而我對此很感興趣

He had developed this way,

他開發出一種方法

this, kind of, methodology,

that ended up curing people in a very short amount of time,

能在短時間內治好各種恐懼症

like, in four hours.

在四小時的治療時間裡，治癒率相當高

He had a huge cure rate of people who had phobias.

And we talked about snakes -- I don't know why --

我們談到了蛇

不過我們談到了蛇，以及對蛇的恐懼

we talked about snakes and fear of snakes as a phobia.

談話令人愉悅，非常有趣

And it was really enjoyable, really interesting.

他告訴我他邀請受試者進入房間

He told me that he'd invite the test subject in,

and he'd say, "You know, there's a snake in the next room

對他們說：“隔壁房間有一條蛇

我們要走進去”

and we're going to go in there."

多數受試者回答

To which, he reported, most of them replied,

"Hell no! I'm not going in there, certainly if there's a snake in there."

“天哪，不！我不會進去的！

只要蛇在那兒”

班杜拉有一套極為成功的步驟方法

But Bandura has a step-by-step process that was super successful.

So he'd take people to this two-way mirror

把他們帶到雙面鏡前

looking into the room where the snake was.

可以觀察蛇在房間裡的動向

讓人們逐漸適應

And he'd get them comfortable with that.

Then through a series of steps,

然後經過一系列步驟

他們被帶到打開的房間門口站著

he'd move them and they'd be standing in the doorway with the door open,

and they'd be looking in there.

往裡面看

And he'd get them comfortable with that.

並逐漸適應

之後還有許多循序漸進的步驟

And then many more steps later, baby steps,

他們進入房間，帶著焊工用的那種皮手套

they'd be in the room, they'd have a leather glove like a welder's glove on,

觸摸蛇

and they'd eventually touch the snake.

當他們摸到蛇的時候

And when they touched the snake, everything was fine. They were cured.

In fact, everything was better than fine.

事實上，結果比這更好

These people who had lifelong fears of snakes

這些生來對蛇恐懼的人

說道

were saying things like,

“看那條蛇多漂亮”

"Look how beautiful that snake is."

And they were holding it in their laps.

他們可以把蛇放在膝蓋上

班杜拉稱之為“引導性精熟”

Bandura calls this process "guided mastery."

I love that term: guided mastery.

我喜歡這個術語：“引導性精熟”

其他的事發生了

And something else happened.

These people who went through the process and touched the snake

這些人經歷所有程式最後觸摸到蛇

最後對人生的其他焦慮都減輕了

ended up having less anxiety about other things in their lives.

他們更努力，更堅持

They tried harder, they persevered longer,

and they were more resilient in the face of failure.

在失敗面前表現得更有韌性

他們獲得了一種新的自信

They just gained a new confidence.

班杜拉稱這種自信為自我效能

And Bandura calls that confidence "self-efficacy,"

the sense that you can change the world

一種你能改變世界的感覺

你能達成自己的目標

and that you can attain what you set out to do.

與班杜拉的會見對我意義非凡

Well, meeting Bandura was really cathartic for me,

because I realized that this famous scientist

因為我認識到這位著名的科學家

有文獻和科學證據來證明

had documented and scientifically validated

我們過去三十年所見證的事情

something that we've seen happen for the last 30 years:

that we could take people who had the fear that they weren't creative,

那些懼怕自己沒有創造力的人們

and we could take them through a series of steps,

我們可以帶領他們經歷一系列步驟

kind of like a series of small successes,

一系列小小的成功

and they turn fear into familiarity.

懼怕成為熟悉，他們給自己帶來驚喜

And they surprise themselves.

這種轉變是驚人的

That transformation is amazing.

我們不斷在斯坦福設計學院(d.school)看到

We see it at the d.school all the time.

People from all different kinds of disciplines,

不同學科的人們

那些認為自己只是善於分析的人們

they think of themselves as only analytical.

And they come in and they go through the process, our process,

他們來我們這裡，經歷我們開發的流程

they build confidence and now they think of themselves differently.

逐漸的累積自信，在最後學會從另一個角度看待自己

And they're totally emotionally excited about the fact that they walk around

他們為能夠

覺得自己是一個有創造力的人

thinking of themselves as a creative person.

而感到激動

我認為我今天的任務之一

So I thought one of the things I'd do today

is take you through and show you what this journey looks like.

就是向你們展示這個過程是怎樣的

對於我來說，這個過程就像道格.迪茲(Doug Dietz)

To me, that journey looks like Doug Dietz.

道格.迪茲是個技術型人才

Doug Dietz is a technical person.

他設計醫用成像設備

He designs large medical imaging equipment.

大型的醫用成像設備

他為GE工作，有非常成功的事業

He's worked for GE, and he's had a fantastic career.

不過他也曾有危機時刻

But at one point, he had a moment of crisis.

他在醫院裡觀察他的核磁共振儀器的實際使用

He was in the hospital looking at one of his MRI machines in use,

他看到一個年輕的家庭

when he saw a young family, and this little girl.

那家的小女孩

被嚇哭了

And that little girl was crying and was terrified.

道格心情沮喪地發現

And Doug was really disappointed to learn

醫院裡將近80%的兒科患者

that nearly 80 percent of the pediatric patients in this hospital

had to be sedated in order to deal with his MRI machine.

需要服用鎮靜劑才能做核磁共振

這令道格大為受挫

And this was really disappointing to Doug,

因為這之前他一直為自己的工作感到驕傲

because before this time, he was proud of what he did.

He was saving lives with this machine.

他覺得自己的這台機器能拯救生命

然而事實給了他很大打擊，他看到了

But it really hurt him to see the fear that this machine caused in kids.

這台機器給孩子們帶來的是恐懼

About that time, he was at the d.school at Stanford taking classes.

就在那時，他正在斯坦福設計學院學習

他知道了我們的流程

He was learning about our process, about design thinking, about empathy,

關於設計性思維，同情心

以及反覆運算的原型設計

about iterative prototyping.

And he would take this new knowledge and do something quite extraordinary.

他運用了這些新知識

做出了非凡的成果

他重新設計了掃描檢查的全部體驗

He would redesign the entire experience

of being scanned.

And this is what he came up with.

這就是他的成果

(Laughter)

他把核磁共振檢查變成了孩子們的到冒險

He turned it into an adventure for the kids.

他在牆上和機器上畫上圖案

He painted the walls and he painted the machine,

他請懂孩子的人對醫務人員重新培訓

and he got the operators retrained by people who know kids,

比如說兒童博物館的工作人員

like children's museum people.

對孩子們來說這是一次獨特體驗

And now when the kid comes, it's an experience.

And they talk to them about the noise and the movement of the ship.

他們對孩子們解釋噪音和檢查艙的運行

他們對來檢查的孩子說

And when they come, they say,

"OK, you're going to go into the pirate ship,

“好了，你現在要潛入這艘海盜船

but be very still, because we don't want the pirates to find you."

別亂動，不然海盜會發現你的”

結果是戲劇化的

And the results were super dramatic:

需要服用鎮靜劑的孩子從80%

from something like 80 percent of the kids needing to be sedated,

to something like 10 percent of the kids needing to be sedated.

降到了10%

And the hospital and GE were happy, too,

醫院和GE公司對此都很高興

because you didn't have to call the anesthesiologist all the time,

他們不用一直找麻醉師了

and they could put more kids through the machine in a day.

每天可以做的檢查數量增加了

這個定量結果十分顯著

So the quantitative results were great.

But Doug's results that he cared about were much more qualitative.

但道格真正在乎的是最終的質量

He was with one of the mothers

他陪同一位母親

waiting for her child to come out of the scan.

等待她的孩子完成檢查

And when the little girl came out of her scan,

當小女孩做完了檢查

she ran up to her mother and said,

她跑到媽媽那兒說

"Mommy, can we come back tomorrow?"

“媽媽，我們明天還能來嗎？”

(Laughter)

(笑聲)

我不止一次聽道格講起這個故事

And so, I've heard Doug tell the story many times

of his personal transformation

他的個人的轉變

以及由此而來的突破性設計

and the breakthrough design that happened from it,

but I've never really seen him tell the story of the little girl

但每一次他講到那個小女孩的故事

眼裡都含著淚水

without a tear in his eye.

Doug's story takes place in a hospital.

道格的故事發生在醫院裡

我恰巧對醫院略知一二

I know a thing or two about hospitals.

幾年前我感覺自己的脖子側面長了一個腫塊

A few years ago, I felt a lump on the side of my neck.

於是輪到我去做核磁共振了

It was my turn in the MRI machine.

是腫瘤。惡性的。

It was cancer, it was the bad kind.

我被告知只有40%的存活率

I was told I had a 40 percent chance of survival.

當我坐在一群穿著病號服的病患中間

So while you're sitting around with the other patients,

in your pajamas,

所有人看起來都蒼白瘦弱

and everybody's pale and thin --

等著輪到自己做放療的那些時間裡

(Laughter)

you know? -- and you're waiting for your turn to get the gamma rays,

你會會想到很多事

you think of a lot of things.

多數時間是想“我能活下來嗎？”

Mostly, you think about: Am I going to survive?

我也無數次想到

And I thought a lot about:

What was my daughter's life going to be like without me?

要是我不在了，我女兒會怎樣

我也想到很多別的事情

But you think about other things.

我經常想：我來到世上究竟要做什麼？

I thought a lot about: What was I put on Earth to do?

What was my calling? What should I do?

我的使命是什麼？我應該做什麼？

我很幸運，因為有很多選擇

I was lucky because I had lots of options.

We'd been working in health and wellness,

我們從事醫療福利領域的工作

and K-12, and the developing world.

為K through 12專案工作，為第三世界工作

so there were lots of projects that I could work on.

我能做的專案有很多

但在那時我決定要投身於

But then I decided and committed at this point,

我最想做的工作

to the thing I most wanted to do,

去幫助盡可能多的人

which was to help as many people as possible

重新獲得他們成長過程中缺失的創造力自信心

regain the creative confidence they lost along their way.

如果我活下來，我就去做這件事

And if I was going to survive, that's what I wanted to do.

我活下來了，如你們所見

I survived, just so you know.

(Laughter)

(笑聲)

(Applause)

(鼓掌聲)

我堅信

I really believe that when people gain this confidence --

當人們獲得這種自信

正如我們一直以來在斯坦福設計學院和IDEO公司看到的

and we see it all the time at the d.school and at IDEO --

人們開始研究生命中真正重要的東西

that they actually start working on the things

that are really important in their lives.

一些人辭掉當下的工作，開闢了新的方向

We see people quit what they're doing and go in new directions.

We see them come up with more interesting -- and just more -- ideas,

他們有了更多有趣的想法

來讓他們能從更好的想法中作出抉擇

so they can choose from better ideas.

他們能夠作出更好的決策

And they just make better decisions.

我知道在TED應該有種改變世界的精神

I know at TED, you're supposed to have a change-the-world kind of thing,

每個人都有這種改變世界的精神

isn't that -- everybody has a change-the-world thing?

對於我來說，就是讓這一切發生

If there is one for me, this is it, to help this happen.

我希望諸位能加入我的探索

So I hope you'll join me on my quest,

作為思想的領袖

you as, kind of, thought leaders.

It would be really great if you didn't let people divide the world

這是一件偉大的事：不讓人們把世界上的人

into the creatives and the non-creatives, like it's some God-given thing,

硬分成有創意和沒創意兩種，好像創造力是上天恩賜似的

讓人們意識到他們天生是有創造力的

and to have people realize that they're naturally creative,

自然而然應該讓創意飛翔

and that those natural people should let their ideas fly;

人們應該成就班杜拉所說的“自我效能”

that they should achieve what Bandura calls self-efficacy,

你能夠達到自己的目標

that you can do what you set out to do,

and that you can reach a place of creative confidence

你可以擁有創造力自信心

然後去觸碰蛇

and touch the snake.

Thank you.

謝謝各位

(鼓掌聲)

(Applause)