How to build your creative confidence | David Kelley

Translator: Timothy Covell Reviewer: Morton Bast

Translator: William Choi Reviewer: Sharon Loh

I wanted to talk to you today about creative confidence.

今日我想同你哋講有關創作自信嘅嘢

I'm going to start way back in the third grade

由我三年班開始講起

at Oakdale School in Barberton, Ohio.

嗰時我喺俄亥俄州巴伯頓嘅 奧克戴爾學校返學

I remember one day my best friend Brian was working on a project.

我記得有一日

我最好嘅朋友布萊恩喺度整緊一個模型

He was making a horse out of the clay our teacher kept under the sink.

佢用黏土整緊隻馬

平時老師擺啲黏土喺鋅盆下面

唔知幾時，有個坐喺佢隔離嘅女仔

And at one point, one of the girls that was sitting at his table,

seeing what he was doing, leaned over and said to him,

一路睇佢做緊咩嘢

埃過去，同佢講︰

"That's terrible. That doesn't look anything like a horse."

「嗰堆嘢都唔似馬嘅，真係差嘞」

布萊恩縮埋膀頭

And Brian's shoulders sank.

And he wadded up the clay horse and he threw it back in the bin.

將黏土馬搓埋一舊，揼咗落垃圾桶度

從此我再無見過布萊恩做類似嘅模型

I never saw Brian do a project like that ever again.

And I wonder how often that happens, you know?

但我想問佢呢種事係唔係幾常發生

It seems like when I tell that story of Brian to my class,

每次我同我班學生講布萊恩嘅故仔

好多學生好似都想落堂之後留低

a lot of them want to come up after class

and tell me about their similar experience,

同我講返佢哋類似嘅經驗

how a teacher shut them down,

講老師點樣貶低佢哋

或者某個同學對佢特別唔友善

or how a student was particularly cruel to them.

And then some kind of opt out of thinking of themselves as creative

而有啲學生甚至因為咁

而之後唔再認為自己有創意

at that point.

And I see that opting out that happens in childhood,

我發現喺童年時否定自己有創意

到大個只會令呢種諗法更加根深柢固

and it moves in and becomes more ingrained, even,

by the time you get to adult life.

我哋見過好多呢類嘅例子

So we see a lot of this.

當我哋有個工作坊

When we have a workshop

or when we have clients in to work with us side by side,

或者客人同我哋一齊做某個項目

eventually we get to the point in the process

我哋總會去到一個地步

就係迷失或者遇到少見嘅情況

that's kind of fuzzy or unconventional.

最後嗰啲高層就會攞部黑莓手機出嚟

And eventually, these big-shot executives whip out their BlackBerrys

話要打好重要嘅電話

and they say they have to make really important phone calls,

然後走咗

and they head for the exits.

佢哋感到唔自在

And they're just so uncomfortable.

When we track them down and ask them what's going on,

當我哋追問佢哋發生咗咩事

佢哋講埋曬啲「我唔係創意型人」嘅嘢

they say something like, "I'm just not the creative type."

But we know that's not true.

但係我哋知道，佢哋講嘅唔係真嘅

If they stick with the process, if they stick with it,

如果佢哋堅持落去，堅持成個過程

they end up doing amazing things.

最終佢哋會做到大嘢出嚟

And they surprise themselves at just how innovative

同埋佢哋會驚訝佢哋自己 同埋團隊可以幾咁有創意

they and their teams really are.

So I've been looking at this fear of judgment that we have,

所以我一直研究緊呢種怕被人審嘅恐懼

that you don't do things, you're afraid you're going to be judged;

即係你唔做嘢係因為驚被人審

if you don't say the right creative thing, you're going to be judged.

你怕因為講唔出 「正確創意嘅嘢」而被審

當我見過心理學家阿爾波特．班杜拉

And I had a major breakthrough,

when I met the psychologist Albert Bandura.

我有一個大突破

我唔知你識唔識阿爾波特．班杜拉

I don't know if you know Albert Bandura, but if you go to Wikipedia,

但係你去睇下維基百科

it says that he's the fourth most important psychologist in history --

維基百科話，佢係歷史上 第四個最重要嘅心理學家

you know, like Freud, Skinner, somebody and Bandura.

好似弗洛伊德、史金納、某學者 同埋班都那咁重要

(Laughter)

Bandura is 86 and he still works at Stanford.

班都那今年 86 歲仍然喺史丹福工作

And he's just a lovely guy.

佢真係好得意

由於佢長時間研究恐懼症

So I went to see him,

because he's just worked on phobias for a long time,

而我對呢個題目好有興趣

which I'm very interested in.

所以我走去揾佢

He had developed this way,

佢發展咗呢種方法 可以喺好短時間入面醫好病人

this, kind of, methodology,

that ended up curing people in a very short amount of time,

like, in four hours.

喺四個鐘頭入面 佢醫好恐懼症嘅比率相當之高

He had a huge cure rate of people who had phobias.

And we talked about snakes -- I don't know why --

我同佢講到蛇 但我唔知點解我哋會講蛇

we talked about snakes and fear of snakes as a phobia.

我哋講到蛇同怕蛇嘅恐懼症

同佢真係好好傾

And it was really enjoyable, really interesting.

傾嘅內容都非常之有趣

He told me that he'd invite the test subject in,

佢同我講，佢曾經召募過參加者

and he'd say, "You know, there's a snake in the next room

然後同佢哋講︰「你知嘛， 隔離房有條蛇喺度，

and we're going to go in there."

而家我哋準備入去。」

To which, he reported, most of them replied,

佢話，大多數嘅受訪者回答

"Hell no! I'm not going in there, certainly if there's a snake in there."

「千奇唔好。如果入面有條蛇喺度，

我肯定唔會入去㗎。」

But Bandura has a step-by-step process that was super successful.

但係班都那有一個百發百中嘅方法

So he'd take people to this two-way mirror

可以一步一步帶啲參加者 去到呢塊單向透明鏡

looking into the room where the snake was.

望入去有條蛇嘅嗰間房

And he'd get them comfortable with that.

等佢哋覺得自在啲

Then through a series of steps,

然後經過一連串嘅步驟

佢帶啲人企喺門口，打開度門

he'd move them and they'd be standing in the doorway with the door open,

and they'd be looking in there.

畀佢哋望入去房入面 令佢哋感覺自在啲

And he'd get them comfortable with that.

之後佢仲一步一步做咗好多微小嘅嘢

And then many more steps later, baby steps,

they'd be in the room, they'd have a leather glove like a welder's glove on,

最後佢哋入咗間房

帶住一隻好似焊接工用嘅皮手套摸條蛇

and they'd eventually touch the snake.

And when they touched the snake, everything was fine. They were cured.

當佢哋摸條蛇嗰時，一切正常

佢哋嘅恐懼症冇咗

In fact, everything was better than fine.

所有嘢都解決晒

These people who had lifelong fears of snakes

呢班人以前成日都驚蛇

依家就講「睇下條蛇幾靚」

were saying things like,

"Look how beautiful that snake is."

And they were holding it in their laps.

佢哋仲擺條蛇响膝頭度

Bandura calls this process "guided mastery."

班都那叫呢個過程做「引導式精熟」

I love that term: guided mastery.

我鍾意呢個術語

呢班經歷咗個過程同埋摸過條蛇嘅人

And something else happened.

These people who went through the process and touched the snake

往後對生活中其他嘅嘢都少咗焦慮

ended up having less anxiety about other things in their lives.

They tried harder, they persevered longer,

佢哋更加努力、更加堅持

and they were more resilient in the face of failure.

而且面對失敗時更加有韌性

They just gained a new confidence.

佢哋得到「新嘅自信」

And Bandura calls that confidence "self-efficacy,"

班都那叫呢種自信做自我效能

the sense that you can change the world

嗰種感覺係，你能夠改變世界

and that you can attain what you set out to do.

同埋你可以達到嗰啲定咗嘅目標

Well, meeting Bandura was really cathartic for me,

同班都那見面，真係舒暢

because I realized that this famous scientist

因為我知道呢個出名嘅科學家

用文獻記低同埋用科學方法證明咗 一件我哋三十年嚟見到嘅嘢

had documented and scientifically validated

something that we've seen happen for the last 30 years:

that we could take people who had the fear that they weren't creative,

就係我哋可以通過一系列步驟

好似係一連串小小嘅創舉

and we could take them through a series of steps,

令嗰啲一路覺得自己唔夠創意嘅人 睇住自己可以有幾咁創意

kind of like a series of small successes,

and they turn fear into familiarity.

And they surprise themselves.

所以呢個轉變真係勁

That transformation is amazing.

We see it at the d.school all the time.

我哋喺史丹福大學設計學院 成日都見到唔同學科嘅人

People from all different kinds of disciplines,

佢哋覺得自己剩係得分析能力

they think of themselves as only analytical.

And they come in and they go through the process, our process,

於是佢哋嚟參加我哋成個訓練

they build confidence and now they think of themselves differently.

完成之後，佢哋建立咗信心

依家佢哋會諗 佢哋唔同咗

And they're totally emotionally excited about the fact that they walk around

每次佢哋諗自己係有創意嘅人嘅時候

thinking of themselves as a creative person.

佢哋都會好開心

So I thought one of the things I'd do today

所以我諗我今日做嘅其中一樣嘢

is take you through and show you what this journey looks like.

就係帶你哋體驗下呢個轉變嘅歷程

To me, that journey looks like Doug Dietz.

對我嚟講，個歷程好似 Doug Dietz 一樣

Doug Dietz is a technical person.

Doug Dietz 係一個科技人員

He designs large medical imaging equipment.

佢設計大型醫學影像設備

He's worked for GE, and he's had a fantastic career.

佢喺通用電汽返工，佢嘅事業無可限量

但係有一次，佢經歷過一刹那嘅危機

But at one point, he had a moment of crisis.

當佢喺醫院睇住佢設計嘅 磁力共振掃描機運作

He was in the hospital looking at one of his MRI machines in use,

佢遇見一個年輕家庭

when he saw a young family, and this little girl.

當中有個細路女

個細路女好驚、喺度喊

And that little girl was crying and was terrified.

當 Doug Dietz 發現 原來呢間醫院近八成兒科病人

And Doug was really disappointed to learn

that nearly 80 percent of the pediatric patients in this hospital

喺用佢設計嘅磁力共振掃描機之前 都要食咗鎮靜劑先

had to be sedated in order to deal with his MRI machine.

佢覺得好失望

And this was really disappointing to Doug,

因為一路而嚟 佢都為佢所做啲嘢感到自豪

because before this time, he was proud of what he did.

He was saving lives with this machine.

佢以為佢一直用緊呢部機拯救生命

But it really hurt him to see the fear that this machine caused in kids.

但當佢見到部磁力共振掃描機 嚇親啲小朋友

佢深受打擊

About that time, he was at the d.school at Stanford taking classes.

嗰陣時，佢喺史丹福設計學院返學

佢學緊我哋關於設計思考、同情心 同迭代原形嘅方法

He was learning about our process, about design thinking, about empathy,

about iterative prototyping.

And he would take this new knowledge and do something quite extraordinary.

佢想用呢啲新知識去做一啲非凡嘅嘢

He would redesign the entire experience

於是佢重新設計成個掃描過程

of being scanned.

And this is what he came up with.

呢個就係佢用嘅新方法

(Laughter)

佢將成個掃描程序 變成細路嘅探險旅程

He turned it into an adventure for the kids.

佢畫啲公仔喺幅牆同埋喺部掃描機度

He painted the walls and he painted the machine,

and he got the operators retrained by people who know kids,

佢叫識得氹細路嘅人 例如兒童博物館嘅工作人員

like children's museum people.

去訓練操作員

And now when the kid comes, it's an experience.

依家啲細路嚟到好似一個遊樂場咁

And they talk to them about the noise and the movement of the ship.

職員會將噪音同埋機器包裝成一個故事

所以當啲細路嚟到，佢哋會同佢哋講

And when they come, they say,

"OK, you're going to go into the pirate ship,

「你一陣入去嗰隻海盜船度，

but be very still, because we don't want the pirates to find you."

但係要好靜，唔好郁， 因為我哋唔想海盜揾到你。」

And the results were super dramatic:

個效果超好

from something like 80 percent of the kids needing to be sedated,

由八成細路需要食鎮靜劑

to something like 10 percent of the kids needing to be sedated.

到而家只有一成細路要食鎮靜劑

And the hospital and GE were happy, too,

醫院同通用電氣都好高興

because you didn't have to call the anesthesiologist all the time,

因為唔使每次都叫埋麻醉師嚟

and they could put more kids through the machine in a day.

而且日日又可以同多啲細路檢查

So the quantitative results were great.

所以出嚟嘅效果好好

But Doug's results that he cared about were much more qualitative.

但係 Doug Dietz 關心嘅係質量嘅結果

He was with one of the mothers

於是佢陪其中一個媽媽

waiting for her child to come out of the scan.

等佢個細路女掃描完出嚟

And when the little girl came out of her scan,

當細路女出嚟嘅時候

she ran up to her mother and said,

細路女走去媽媽度，問媽媽

"Mommy, can we come back tomorrow?"

「媽咪，我哋聽日可唔可以再嚟過呀？」

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

Doug Dietz 講過好多次 佢嘅個人轉變

And so, I've heard Doug tell the story many times

of his personal transformation

同埋之後嘅突破性設計

and the breakthrough design that happened from it,

but I've never really seen him tell the story of the little girl

每次佢講呢個細路女嘅故仔

佢都眼濕濕

without a tear in his eye.

Doug's story takes place in a hospital.

Doug Dietz 嘅故事喺醫院發生

我對醫院都咯知一二

I know a thing or two about hospitals.

A few years ago, I felt a lump on the side of my neck.

幾年前，我條頸側邊有塊腫肉

It was my turn in the MRI machine.

嗰時輪到我去做磁力共振掃描

It was cancer, it was the bad kind.

嚿腫肉係腫瘤，係好惡嗰種

有人同我講，我嘅生存率剩得四成

I was told I had a 40 percent chance of survival.

所以當你着著件睡衣

So while you're sitting around with the other patients,

坐喺其他病人嘅身邊

in your pajamas,

見到個個都面黃肌瘦

and everybody's pale and thin --

(Laughter)

而你喺度等緊電療

you know? -- and you're waiting for your turn to get the gamma rays,

你會諗好多嘢

you think of a lot of things.

你哋經常諗嘅係，我會唔會生存落去？

Mostly, you think about: Am I going to survive?

And I thought a lot about:

而我諗得最多嘅係

What was my daughter's life going to be like without me?

我個女無咗我會點？

But you think about other things.

但係你哋會諗下其他嘅嘢

我諗咗好多嘢，譬如︰ 我嚟呢個世界係做咩嘢㗎

I thought a lot about: What was I put on Earth to do?

What was my calling? What should I do?

我有咩使命；我應該做啲咩嘢…

I was lucky because I had lots of options.

我好幸運，因為我有好多選擇

We'd been working in health and wellness,

我做過醫療保健界 做過幼兒園到中六嘅教育

and K-12, and the developing world.

仲有發展中國家嘅工作

so there were lots of projects that I could work on.

所以我有好多項目可以做

But then I decided and committed at this point,

但係呢一刻 我決定要專注做我最想做嘅嘢

to the thing I most wanted to do,

which was to help as many people as possible

就係盡量幫最多嘅人

令佢地重拾失去咗嘅創作自信

regain the creative confidence they lost along their way.

如果我有命生存落去

And if I was going to survive, that's what I wanted to do.

呢樣就係我想做嘅嘢

I survived, just so you know.

我依然生存，正如你所見

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

(Applause)

（掌聲）

I really believe that when people gain this confidence --

我真係相信

當人重拾呢份自信心

即係我哋成日喺史丹福設計學院 同 IDEO 見到嘅自信心

and we see it all the time at the d.school and at IDEO --

that they actually start working on the things

佢哋就會認真開始做 一啲佢哋生命中重要嘅嘢

that are really important in their lives.

我哋見到啲人唔再做舊嘅嘢

We see people quit what they're doing and go in new directions.

開始新嘅嘢

We see them come up with more interesting -- and just more -- ideas,

並且有更加有趣、更加多嘅諗法

so they can choose from better ideas.

從而可以揀比較好嘅諗法

做更加好嘅決定

And they just make better decisions.

I know at TED, you're supposed to have a change-the-world kind of thing,

我知道喺 TED，你係想做嘢改變世界

每個人都有啲嘢想改變世界

isn't that -- everybody has a change-the-world thing?

If there is one for me, this is it, to help this happen.

對我來講，呢樣嘢係幫人重拾創作自信

我希望你哋可以成為有諗頭嘅人 同我一齊令呢樣嘢發生

So I hope you'll join me on my quest,

you as, kind of, thought leaders.

It would be really great if you didn't let people divide the world

如果你哋令呢個世界 唔再分為有創意同無創意

into the creatives and the non-creatives, like it's some God-given thing,

令人相信創意變成係天賦嘅

and to have people realize that they're naturally creative,

咁世界就美妙嘞

and that those natural people should let their ideas fly;

讓所有人嘅意念都可以隨意飛揚

that they should achieve what Bandura calls self-efficacy,

真正實現班都那講嗰種自我效能

令每個人都能夠做到訂下嘅目標

that you can do what you set out to do,

and that you can reach a place of creative confidence

並且做到創作自信

所以，去摸下條蛇啦！

and touch the snake.

Thank you.

多謝

（掌聲）

(Applause)