What does appendix pain feel like? - David R. Flum

779,088 views ・ 2024-09-05

TED-Ed


Please double-click on the English subtitles below to play the video.

Translator: Hoi Ieng Chao Reviewer: Thomas Tam
00:07
In April 1961, the Sixth Soviet Antarctic Expedition took a harrowing turn.
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1961 年 4 月,蘇聯第六次南極探險 發生咗一個悲慘嘅轉折。
00:14
Doctor Leonid Rogozov, the team’s only physician,
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團隊唯一嘅醫生 Leonid Rogozov,
00:18
began feeling weak and feverish,
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開始覺得身體虛弱同發燒,
00:21
with an excruciating pain in his right side.
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佢右邊極之痛。
00:25
After a few days, it became clear that he had appendicitis,
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過咗幾日,佢明顯有闌尾炎,
00:30
an infection that can cause the appendix to burst.
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一種令到闌尾爆裂嘅感染。
00:34
And Rogozov knew that if his appendix did rupture,
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而 Rogozov 知道, 如果佢嘅闌尾真係破裂,
00:38
it would likely kill him.
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好可能會殺死佢。
00:40
Outside a blizzard raged,
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外面一場暴雪肆虐,
令到佢離開車站好危險,
00:43
making it dangerous for him to leave the station,
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00:45
or to have anyone else travel in.
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或者畀其他人嚟搵佢。
00:49
So Rogozov faced a gut-wrenching choice: wait for help that may never come,
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Rogozov 揀咗個 令人心痛嘅選擇:
等待可能永遠唔會嚟嘅幫助,
00:55
or cut open his own abdomen and remove the appendix himself.
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或者係割開自己個肚, 移除自己嘅闌尾。
01:01
While Rogozov’s predicament may have been extreme,
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雖然 Rogozov 嘅困境 可能係極端嘅,
但闌尾炎好普通。
01:05
appendicitis is not uncommon.
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大約每 12 個人 就有 1 個人會受到影響。
01:08
It affects roughly 1 in 12 people.
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01:11
So, what causes appendicitis?
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噉,係咩原因引起闌尾炎呢?
01:14
And why is this organ so prone to bursting?
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同埋點解呢個器官 咁容易發病?
01:18
The appendix is a small, worm-shaped pouch attached to the large intestine
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闌尾係一個附喺大腸嘅蟲形小袋,
01:24
that houses a diversity of gut microbes.
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嗰度有多種腸道微生物。
01:28
Scientists long speculated that it was a useless artifact of evolution.
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科學家好耐以嚟都推測 呢個係進化嘅無用神器。
01:33
Recent evidence shows that this organ independently evolved
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最近嘅證據顯示 呢個器官係獨立進化嘅,
01:37
in many different mammals.
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喺好多唔同嘅哺乳動物身上。
01:39
This suggests that it probably has some function,
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呢個表明佢可能有啲功能,
01:43
though it's likely subtle.
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雖然好可能係微妙嘅。
01:45
One possibility is that the appendix serves as a reservoir
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一個可能性係闌尾 用作儲存庫
畀健康嘅腸道細菌,
01:49
for healthy gut bacteria,
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或者佢可能會喺增強 免疫反應方面發揮作用。
01:51
or it may play a role in mounting immune responses.
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01:55
What we do know is this puzzling organ can cause serious complications.
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我哋知道嘅係,呢個令人費解嘅器官 會引起嚴重嘅併發症。
02:01
Most cases of appendicitis start with some sort of obstruction.
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大部分嘅闌尾炎病例 都係由某啲阻塞開始。
02:06
For example, a small, dried piece of stool,
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例如,一塊細嘅, 乾咗嘅大便,
02:10
called an appendicolith,
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叫做闌尾石,
02:11
can lodge itself in the organ’s entrance.
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可以喺器官嘅入口度停留。
02:14
Other times, pathogens like viruses or parasites activate the immune system,
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某啲時候,病原體例如病毒 或者寄生蟲會激活免疫系統,
02:20
causing inflammation.
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引起炎症。
02:22
This immune response may even be triggered
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呢個免疫反應甚至會被觸發
02:25
by one of hundreds of species of bacteria
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由幾百種細菌之一
02:28
that normally reside in your gut.
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通常喺你腸道入面嘅嘢。
02:31
As a result, nearby lymph nodes swell,
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結果,附近嘅淋巴結腫脹,
02:34
effectively closing off the appendix’s opening.
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有效關閉咗闌尾嘅開口。
02:38
Because the appendix is a closed loop, when it's sealed, pressure builds quickly.
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因為佢係一個閉環, 當佢封咗之後壓力就好快增加。
02:43
This creates the perfect environment for bacteria to colonize and overgrow.
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噉樣就可以創造出完美嘅環境 令細菌繁殖同過度生長。
02:49
As the inflamed appendix bloats, discomfort sets in.
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當發炎嘅闌尾腫脹, 就會出現唔舒服嘅感覺,
02:53
And this pain is different from your everyday stomach ache.
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而呢種痛同你日常嘅肚痛唔同。
02:57
It typically starts near the belly button
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佢通常由肚臍附近開始,
03:00
and then migrates to the lower right abdomen and intensifies.
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然後轉移到右下腹部並且加劇。
03:05
If left untreated, the appendix can continue to stretch,
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如果唔醫, 闌尾可以繼續伸展,
03:09
hindering blood flow and weakening the organ walls.
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阻礙血液流動 同埋削弱器官牆壁。
03:12
Eventually, this can cause the appendix to rupture,
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最終,呢個會導致 闌尾破裂,
03:16
allowing the infection to spread within the abdomen,
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令到感染喺腹部內擴散,
03:19
where it can pose fatal consequences.
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喺呢度可能會帶嚟致命嘅後果。
03:22
Thankfully, not all cases of appendicitis will lead to a rupture,
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好彩,唔係所有 闌尾炎個案會導致破裂,
03:26
but it's impossible to know exactly when or if
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但係冇可能知道 究竟幾時
或者如果單單係症狀 就會令到個闌尾爆裂。
03:30
the appendix will burst from symptoms alone.
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03:33
So, it’s recommended that all people with severe abdominal pain
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所以,建議所有 有嚴重腹痛嘅人
03:38
seek immediate medical attention.
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立即尋求醫療協助。
03:41
Since doctors first identified appendicitis in the late 1800s,
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自從醫生喺 19 世紀末 首次發現闌尾炎之後,
03:45
an appendectomy, or the surgical removal of the appendix,
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闌尾切除術, 或者手術切除闌尾,
03:49
has been the standard treatment.
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已經係標準治療。
03:52
It’s normally performed quickly, within 24 hours of diagnosis.
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通常會喺診斷後 24 小時內快速完成。
03:57
Doctors remove the inflamed organ, which can double in size,
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醫生會移除發炎嘅器官, 佢可以增大一倍,
04:01
either through one large incision,
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可透過一個大切口,
04:03
or through several smaller incisions using a camera and small instruments.
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或者用相機同小型儀器做幾個較小嘅切口。
04:08
Recovery is typically quick,
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復原通常好快,
04:10
and most patients are discharged within a day or two.
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同埋大部分病人 都會喺一兩日出院。
04:14
Though, if the appendix has burst, surgery can be more extensive
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雖然,如果闌尾已經爆咗, 手術可以更複雜,
04:19
as any bacteria and pus need to be thoroughly cleaned
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因為都需要徹底清潔 喺腹腔入面,
04:23
from the abdominal cavity.
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任何細菌同膿。
04:25
In the long term, living without an appendix
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長遠嚟講, 冇闌尾嘅生活
04:28
is unlikely to lead to any health issues.
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唔太可能導致任何健康問題。
04:31
Today, thanks to medical advances, many patients avoid surgery altogether.
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今日,多謝醫學嘅進步, 好多病人完全避免做手術。
04:37
Doctors have learned that appendicitis can often be treated
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醫生都知道係闌尾炎 通常可以治療,
04:40
with a simple course of antibiotics,
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用一個簡單嘅抗生素療程,
04:43
started in the emergency room and continued at home.
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喺急症室開始 然後喺屋企繼續。
無論選擇咩治療方法,
04:47
No matter the chosen course of treatment,
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04:49
it’s likely to be less distressing than Rogozov’s,
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呢個可能比 Rogozov 嘅痛苦少啲,
04:53
who, after giving himself local anesthesia,
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佢畀咗自己 局部麻醉之後,
04:56
removed his own appendix, stitched himself up,
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移除咗自己嘅闌尾, 又自己縫合,
05:00
and resumed his regular duties just two weeks later.
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同埋只係需要兩個星期 恢復咗佢嘅正常職責。
05:04
Nevertheless, thanks to his story,
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不過,多謝佢嘅故事,
05:07
doctors on remote stations in Antarctica now know to bring plenty of antibiotics
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南極偏遠車站嘅醫生 而家知道要帶好多抗生素
05:12
to treat appendicitis,
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治療闌尾炎,
05:14
just in case.
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以防萬一。
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