How to green the world's deserts and reverse climate change | Allan Savory

Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast

Translator: Sunny Kan Ngai Hang Reviewer: Michelle Ho

The most massive

最大、最勁抽嘅海嘯風暴 就快將我哋打低

tsunami perfect storm

is bearing down upon us.

This perfect storm

依場咁堅嘅完美風暴 將現實變得越嚟越難搞

is mounting a grim reality, increasingly grim reality,

and we are facing that reality

我哋面對依個現實嘅時候

with the full belief

我哋要相信我哋可以 用技術去解決依啲問題

that we can solve our problems with technology,

and that's very understandable.

依樣嘢大家都可以明白嘅

Now, this perfect storm that we are facing

我哋依家面對緊嘅完美風暴 就係由人口增長引致嘅

is the result of our rising population,

rising towards 10 billion people,

人口向 100 億增長嘅同時

land that is turning to desert,

土地變成荒漠

and, of course, climate change.

氣候變化更不在話下

Now there's no question about it at all:

而我哋可以解決嘅問題就只有

we will only solve the problem

點樣用科技去取代石化燃料

of replacing fossil fuels with technology.

But fossil fuels, carbon -- coal and gas --

石化燃料、碳、煤同埋天然氣

are by no means the only thing

並唔係唯一導致氣候變化嘅嘢

that is causing climate change.

Desertification

荒漠化表面上係一嗰好鬼靚嘅詞語

is a fancy word for land that is turning to desert,

用嚟形容土地逐漸變成荒漠

and this happens only when

佢嘅發生係因為我哋製造太多荒地

we create too much bare ground.

There's no other cause.

無其他原因

And I intend to focus

我將重點放喺世界上 大部份變緊做沙漠嘅土地

on most of the world's land that is turning to desert.

But I have for you a very simple message

但係我要畀你哋一個好簡單嘅信息

that offers more hope than you can imagine.

當中畀到你嘅希望比你哋所想像嘅仲多

We have environments

有啲環境全年嘅濕度都有保證

where humidity is guaranteed throughout the year.

On those, it is almost impossible

依啲地方幾乎無可能 有大面積嘅荒地形成

to create vast areas of bare ground.

No matter what you do, nature covers it up so quickly.

因為無論你點做，植物又會好快生長返

And we have environments

又有啲環境幾個月會有雨水

where we have months of humidity

followed by months of dryness,

然之後會有幾個月乾旱

and that is where desertification is occurring.

荒漠化就響依度發生

Fortunately, with space technology now,

好彩，依家通過太空技術

we can look at it from space,

我哋可以從太空睇到依啲地方

and when we do, you can see the proportions fairly well.

仲可以睇到佢哋嘅比例

Generally, what you see in green

總之呢，綠色嘅地方係唔會荒漠化嘅

is not desertifying,

and what you see in brown is,

而啡色嘅地方就會荒漠化

and these are by far the greatest areas of the Earth.

而啡色依啲係目前地球地表最大嘅部分

About two thirds, I would guess, of the world is desertifying.

我估計地球上 有三分二嘅地方正荒漠化緊

I took this picture in the Tihamah Desert

依幅相係我響提哈馬沙漠拍嘅

while 25 millimeters -- that's an inch of rain -- was falling.

落緊 25 毫米、一吋嘅雨

Think of it in terms of drums of water,

你哋可以將佢諗成係裝響桶裡面嘅水

each containing 200 liters.

每桶有 200 升

Over 1,000 drums of water fell on every hectare

每日會有一千桶水落響每公頃嘅土地

of that land that day.

The next day, the land looked like this.

到咗第二日，土地就會好似咁樣

Where had that water gone?

咁啲水去咗邊度呢？

Some of it ran off as flooding,

有一啲流失咗

but most of the water that soaked into the soil

不過大多數會滲入泥土，跟住又蒸發咗

simply evaporated out again,

exactly as it does in your garden

同花園土壤無遮掩嘅下場一樣

if you leave the soil uncovered.

Now, because the fate of water and carbon

因為水同碳嘅命運 同土壤裏面嘅有機物質有關

are tied to soil organic matter,

when we damage soils, you give off carbon.

如果我哋破壞土壤，碳元素就會釋出

Carbon goes back to the atmosphere.

碳元素就會返到大氣層

Now you're told over and over, repeatedly,

我已經講咗好多次

that desertification is only occurring

荒漠化只會出現響 地球上乾旱同半乾旱嘅地方

in arid and semi-arid areas of the world,

and that tall grasslands like this one

所以好似依個咁嘅高原唔會有事

in high rainfall are of no consequence.

But if you do not look at grasslands but look down into them,

不過當你唔只睇個草原 睇下土壤嘅表面

you find that most of the soil in that grassland

你會發現草原裡面大部份嘅土壤

that you've just seen is bare and covered with a crust of algae,

除咗光禿禿之外，就只有一層藻類遮住

leading to increased runoff and evaporation.

亦都係咁加快咗水份流失同蒸發

That is the cancer of desertification

而依樣就係荒漠化嘅致命成因

that we do not recognize till its terminal form.

但我哋成日到咗荒漠化後期 先會發現得到

Now we know that desertification is caused by livestock,

依家我哋知道荒漠化係由家畜導致嘅

mostly cattle, sheep and goats,

大多數係由於牛、綿羊同山羊 過度放牧而食晒啲植物

overgrazing the plants,

leaving the soil bare and giving off methane.

令土壤外露同釋放甲烷而導致

Almost everybody knows this,

呢樣嘢幾乎係人都知道

from nobel laureates to golf caddies,

由諾貝爾獎得主到高爾夫球球僮 都同我一樣知道呢個常識

or was taught it, as I was.

Now, the environments like you see here,

你哋響度睇到嘅環境

dusty environments in Africa where I grew up,

塵土飛揚嘅非洲，就係我成長嘅地方

and I loved wildlife,

我鐘意野生動物

and so I grew up hating livestock

我細個已經討厭畜牧

because of the damage they were doing.

因為畜牧破壞生態

And then my university education as an ecologist

我喺大學修讀生態學加強咗我嘅信念

reinforced my beliefs.

Well, I have news for you.

依家，我有好消息畀你哋

We were once just as certain

我哋曾經相信世界係平坦嘅

that the world was flat.

We were wrong then, and we are wrong again.

以前我哋錯咗，依家又錯多次

And I want to invite you now

我想請你哋加入我再教育同探索之旅

to come along on my journey of reeducation and discovery.

When I was a young man,

我後生嗰陣時係非洲年輕嘅生物學家

a young biologist in Africa,

I was involved in setting aside marvelous areas

我曾經參與將一啲壯麗嘅地方 規劃成未來嘅國家公園

as future national parks.

Now no sooner — this was in the 1950s —

冇幾耐之後，大概響 1950 年代

and no sooner did we remove the hunting,

我哋禁止咗打獵

drum-beating people to protect the animals,

反而鼓動大家保護動物

than the land began to deteriorate,

跟住土地開始惡化

as you see in this park that we formed.

就好似依個我哋建立嘅公園咁

Now, no livestock were involved,

依家嗰度搵唔到牲畜

but suspecting that we had too many elephants now,

於是我哋懷疑嗰度大象嘅數目太多

I did the research and I proved we had too many,

經我調查，佢哋數量確實太多

and I recommended that we would have to reduce their numbers

我建議將佢哋嘅數量減少

and bring them down to a level that the land could sustain.

下降到土地能承受嘅水平

Now, that was a terrible decision for me to have to make,

對我嚟講依個係好可怕嘅決定

and it was political dynamite, frankly.

老實講仲係一個政治炸彈

So our government formed a team of experts

所以我哋嘅政府組織咗 一個專家團隊嚟評估我嘅研究

to evaluate my research.

They did. They agreed with me,

佢哋評估之後都同意我嘅觀點

and over the following years,

之後嘅幾年

we shot 40,000 elephants to try to stop the damage.

我哋射殺四萬隻大象嚟停止土地惡化

And it got worse, not better.

只不過情況冇好到，反而轉差

Loving elephants as I do,

我好鐘意大象

that was the saddest and greatest blunder of my life,

但射殺大象係我人生中 最悲傷同做得最錯嘅事

and I will carry that to my grave.

我會一生悔恨至死

One good thing did come out of it.

但咁樣帶出咗一件事

It made me absolutely determined

呢件事令我下定決心 全情投入去搵出解決方案

to devote my life to finding solutions.

When I came to the United States, I got a shock,

當我去到美國時，我好震驚

to find national parks like this one

我見到國家公園荒漠化嘅程度 同非洲一樣咁大

desertifying as badly as anything in Africa.

And there'd been no livestock on this land

依塊土地已經超過 70 年無家畜存在

for over 70 years.

And I found that American scientists

而且我發現美國嘅科學家

had no explanation for this

除咗話依個係自然現象之外 就無其他解釋

except that it is arid and natural.

So I then began looking

所以我用盡心機去搵針對美國西部

at all the research plots I could

over the whole of the Western United States

因牛隻遷移而令荒漠化停止嘅證明

where cattle had been removed

to prove that it would stop desertification,

but I found the opposite,

但係我卻搵到完全相反嘅證明

as we see on this research station,

就好似我哋響依個研究站見到嘅咁

where this grassland that was green in 1961,

當年 1961 年仲係一大片青草地

by 2002 had changed to that situation.

但係到 2002 年已經變成咁樣

And the authors of the position paper on climate change

我從一份關於氣候改變嘅報告 揾到依啲相

from which I obtained these pictures

attribute this change to "unknown processes."

個作者話依個係解釋唔到嘅現象

Clearly, we have never understood

但好明顯係我哋唔知道乜嘢導致荒漠化

what is causing desertification,

which has destroyed many civilizations

但就係依樣嘢毀滅咗好多文明 而且威脅緊全球

and now threatens us globally.

We have never understood it.

我哋根本對依樣嘢唔了解

Take one square meter of soil

將一平方米嘅土壤就咁光禿禿咁擺響度

and make it bare like this is down here,

and I promise you, you will find it much colder at dawn

相比起用枯枝落葉去覆蓋佢

我保證你會發現光禿禿咁嘅泥土 日出時份會更加凍

and much hotter at midday

than that same piece of ground if it's just covered with litter,

到中午時份就會更加熱

plant litter.

You have changed the microclimate.

因為你哋改變咗微觀氣候

Now, by the time you are doing that

而家，當你哋繼續增加荒地比率 去到超過世界一半嘅土地

and increasing greatly the percentage of bare ground

on more than half the world's land,

you are changing macroclimate.

咁你哋就係改變緊全球大氣候

But we have just simply not understood

但係我哋仍然唔明白 點解依個現象會響一萬年前發生

why was it beginning to happen 10,000 years ago?

Why has it accelerated lately?

同埋點解依家會加劇惡化呢

We had no understanding of that.

我哋真係乜都唔知企咗響度

What we had failed to understand

我哋完全無了解到 依啲隨季節改變濕度嘅環境

was that these seasonal humidity environments of the world,

the soil and the vegetation

佢哋嘅土壤同植物發展 同過度放牧有關

developed with very large numbers of grazing animals,

and that these grazing animals

而依啲被放牧嘅牲畜 同群體狩獵嘅掠食動物有關

developed with ferocious pack-hunting predators.

Now, the main defense against pack-hunting predators

要對抗群體狩獵掠食動物嘅主要方法

is to get into herds,

就係集合成群

and the larger the herd, the safer the individuals.

群體愈大，個體就愈安全

Now, large herds dung and urinate all over their own food,

依家大群動物因為 響佢哋嘅食物上面排便排尿

and they have to keep moving,

於是佢哋需要遷徙

and it was that movement

就係咁樣遷徙

that prevented the overgrazing of plants,

避免咗因過度放牧、動物食曬啲植物

while the periodic trampling

有秩序嘅週期遷徙 可以確保土壤有足夠植被

ensured good cover of the soil,

as we see where a herd has passed.

就好似見到依群動物走過嘅地方一樣

This picture is a typical seasonal grassland.

依幅係典型嘅季節性草原嘅相

It has just come through four months of rain,

嗰度啱啱落咗四個月雨

and it's now going into eight months of dry season.

亦都開始為期八個月嘅旱季

And watch the change as it goes into this long dry season.

留意下佢經歷長期旱季嘅轉變

Now, all of that grass you see aboveground

依家你見到所有地上曝露喺空氣嘅草

has to decay biologically

都需要響下個生長周期前自然腐爛

before the next growing season, and if it doesn't,

如果唔係，成塊草地同土壤都會死

the grassland and the soil begin to die.

Now, if it does not decay biologically,

如果佢哋無腐爛，佢哋就會慢慢氧化

it shifts to oxidation, which is a very slow process,

最終啲草會窒息同死亡

and this smothers and kills grasses,

leading to a shift to woody vegetation

亦剩返木本植物先生存到

and bare soil, releasing carbon.

土地就會無遮掩，釋出碳元素

To prevent that, we have traditionally used fire.

為咗阻止發生依個情況 我哋傳統上會用火燒

But fire also leaves the soil bare, releasing carbon,

不過火都會令到土地無遮掩 亦會釋放出碳元素

and worse than that,

更差嘅係

只要燒走一公頃嘅草地

burning one hectare of grassland

gives off more, and more damaging, pollutants

就會釋放出比六千架車更加多嘅污染物

than 6,000 cars.

And we are burning in Africa, every single year,

我哋每年都響非洲燒走 超過十億公頃嘅草地

more than one billion hectares of grasslands,

and almost nobody is talking about it.

但幾乎無人關心依件事

We justify the burning, as scientists,

作為科學家，我哋認為用火燒係啱

because it does remove the dead material

因為咁樣可以消除啲廢物

and it allows the plants to grow.

畀啲植物生長

Now, looking at this grassland of ours that has gone dry,

睇下我哋依片枯乾嘅草地

我哋點樣做先可以令佢健康呢？

what could we do to keep that healthy?

And bear in mind, I'm talking of most of the world's land now.

提一提，我係講緊世上大部份嘅土地

Okay? We cannot reduce animal numbers to rest it more

我哋唔可以一邊減低動物嘅數量 去畀啲植物復原

without causing desertification and climate change.

一邊唔造成沙漠化同氣候變遷

We cannot burn it without causing

我哋無辦法燒走啲植物

而又確保唔會發生荒漠化同氣候變化

desertification and climate change.

What are we going to do?

咁點算？

There is only one option,

只有一個選擇

I'll repeat to you, only one option

我再講多一次，只有一個選擇

left to climatologists and scientists,

氣象學家同科學家只可以做一樣嘢

and that is to do the unthinkable,

就係做你估唔到嘅嘢

and to use livestock,

就係養一大群牲畜兼且要四圍走

bunched and moving,

as a proxy for former herds and predators,

當佢哋係以前啲遊牧同捕食動物

and mimic nature.

做到好似大自然咁

There is no other alternative left to mankind.

講多無謂，行動最實際

So let's do that.

So on this bit of grassland, we'll do it, but just in the foreground.

所以我哋先用一小塊草地嚟做試驗

We'll impact it very heavily with cattle to mimic nature,

我哋模仿大自然運作 養咗小牛去測試土地負荷

and we've done so, and look at that.

我哋依家做到啦，你睇下

All of that grass is now covering the soil

全部土地都生曬草

as dung, urine and litter or mulch,

因為泥土上有糞、尿 枯枝落葉同埋護根

as every one of the gardeners amongst you would understand,

在座各位有種開嘢嘅都明白

and that soil is ready to absorb and hold the rain,

咁樣嘅泥土已經可以吸收同保留雨水

to store carbon, and to break down methane.

可以儲存碳又可以分解甲烷

And we did that,

我哋就咁樣做咗

without using fire to damage the soil,

唔駛用火去破壞土壤 啲植物都可以自由生長

and the plants are free to grow.

When I first realized

到我第一次認識到 身為科學家嘅我哋無得揀

that we had no option as scientists

but to use much-vilified livestock

剩係可以用啲臭牲畜 嚟應對氣候變化同荒漠化時

to address climate change and desertification,

I was faced with a real dilemma.

我真係進退兩難

How were we to do it?

我諗︰人類究竟搞緊乜嘢呢？

We'd had 10,000 years of extremely knowledgeable pastoralists

我哋累積咗一萬年放牧嘅經驗

bunching and moving their animals,

知道點去放牧

but they had created the great manmade deserts of the world.

但亦都係呢個原因造成 世界上最大嘅人造沙漠出現

Then we'd had 100 years of modern rain science,

現代降雨科學已經有一百年

and that had accelerated desertification,

但係之後我哋首先響非洲發現

as we first discovered in Africa

然後再響美國證實沙漠化反而加快咗

and then confirmed in the United States,

and as you see in this picture

就好似依幅相咁樣

of land managed by the federal government.

塊地係由聯邦政府管理嘅

Clearly more was needed

好明顯咁我們需要 比集結同埋放牧做得更多

than bunching and moving the animals,

and humans, over thousands of years,

我哋人類，幾千年以來

had never been able to deal with nature's complexity.

從來都無能力解決大自然嘅複雜問題

But we biologists and ecologists

但係我哋生物學家同生態學家 都無遇到咁複雜嘅問題

had never tackled anything as complex as this.

So rather than reinvent the wheel,

所以與其閉門造車

I began studying other professions to see if anybody had.

我開始睇下其他領域有無人已經有答案

And I found there were planning techniques

我發現咗的一啲規劃方法 可以滿足到我哋響生物學上嘅需求

that I could take and adapt to our biological need,

and from those I developed what we call

由嗰度開始，我發展咗一套叫做

holistic management and planned grazing,

「整體管理同規劃放牧法」嘅規劃流程

a planning process,

and that does address all of nature's complexity

咁樣就解決到大自然、社會、環境 同埋經濟嘅複雜難題

and our social, environmental, economic complexity.

Today, we have young women like this one

依家好似依位後生女響非洲教人

teaching villages in Africa

how to put their animals together into larger herds,

點樣將啲動物集合

plan their grazing to mimic nature,

然後模仿大自然環境咁放牧

and where we have them hold their animals overnight --

同埋喺邊度安排地方畀動物過夜

we run them in a predator-friendly manner,

亦都因為我哋有好多地 我哋可以任由佢哋俾猛獸弱肉強食

because we have a lot of lands, and so on --

and where they do this and hold them overnight

至於佢哋響邊度放牧同過夜 係同安排地方種嘢有關

to prepare the crop fields,

we are getting very great increases in crop yield as well.

我哋嘅收成因為放牧同過夜 而大幅增加

Let's look at some results.

我哋嚟睇下個結果

This is land close to land that we manage in Zimbabwe.

依塊係近住我哋喺聿巴布韋嘅土地

It has just come through four months of very good rains

嗰度啱啱勁落咗四個月雨

it got that year, and it's going into the long dry season.

就快要到漫長嘅旱季

But as you can see, all of that rain, almost of all it,

不過你哋見到，幾乎全部雨水 都響土壤表面蒸發咗

has evaporated from the soil surface.

Their river is dry despite the rain just having ended,

雨停咗，河又乾

and we have 150,000 people

而我哋有十五萬人要長期依賴糧食援助

on almost permanent food aid.

Now let's go to our land nearby on the same day,

依家嚟睇一睇同一日隔籬嗰塊地

with the same rainfall, and look at that.

同樣嘅降雨量，睇下

Our river is flowing and healthy and clean.

我哋啲河水又多又乾淨

It's fine.

草、灌木、樹、野生動植物嘅產量 每樣嘅產量都比以前更加好

The production of grass, shrubs, trees, wildlife,

everything is now more productive,

and we have virtually no fear of dry years.

我哋唔需要怕旱年

And we did that by increasing the cattle and goats

我哋點做到？

我哋增加咗三倍牛羊嘅數目

400 percent,

planning the grazing to mimic nature

有計劃咁去放牧去模仿大自然嘅運作

and integrate them with all the elephants, buffalo,

仲令佢哋同大象、水牛、長頸鹿 同其他動物一齊生活

giraffe and other animals that we have.

But before we began, our land looked like that.

不過響計畫之前，依塊地係咁樣嘅

This site was bare and eroding for over 30 years

就算落幾多雨，依塊光禿禿嘅地 始終被侵蝕超過 30 年

regardless of what rain we got.

Okay? Watch the marked tree and see the change

睇下喺我哋用家畜模仿大自然環境之後

as we use livestock to mimic nature.

依棵被標記嘅樹有乜變化

This was another site

依度係另外一個 土地被侵蝕、貧瘠嘅地方

where it had been bare and eroding,

and at the base of the marked small tree,

喺依棵做咗標記嘅細樹底下

we had lost over 30 centimeters of soil. Okay?

流走咗 30 厘米嘅土壤，見到嗎？

And again, watch the change

我哋再睇多次個轉變

just using livestock to mimic nature.

只係用家畜去模仿大自然

And there are fallen trees in there now,

依家已經有啲樹冧咗落嚟

because the better land is now attracting elephants, etc.

咁係因為改善咗嘅土地 吸引大象等等嘅動物走過去

This land in Mexico was in terrible condition,

依塊響墨西哥嘅地以前係太爛

and I've had to mark the hill

我要標記座山，因為變化實在太大喇

because the change is so profound.

(Applause)

（掌聲）

I began helping a family in the Karoo Desert in the 1970s

我響 1970 年代開始 幫助南非卡魯沙漠一個家庭

turn the desert that you see on the right there

你哋見到右手邊嘅沙漠變返做草原

back to grassland,

and thankfully, now their grandchildren are on the land

好慶幸，佢哋啲孫仍然住響塊地

with hope for the future.

仲睇好前景

And look at the amazing change in this one,

嚟睇下依個驚人嘅改變︰

where that gully has completely healed

成個峽谷都搞返好啦

using nothing but livestock mimicking nature,

無用其他方法，只係用家畜扮野生動物

and once more, we have the third generation of that family

再一次，我哋見到 一個家庭嘅第三代仲住響嗰度

on that land with their flag still flying.

The vast grasslands of Patagonia

巴塔哥尼亞上廣闊嘅草原 就係你見到咁變緊沙漠

are turning to desert as you see here.

The man in the middle is an Argentinian researcher,

響中間嗰位係阿根廷研究員

and he has documented the steady decline of that land

佢記錄咗依塊地 點樣因為人減少羊嘅數目而變差

over the years as they kept reducing sheep numbers.

They put 25,000 sheep in one flock,

依家佢哋將二萬五千隻羊集埋一群

really mimicking nature now with planned grazing,

好認真咁模仿大自然咁有計劃地放牧

and they have documented a 50-percent increase

塊地第一年嘅產量增加咗 50%

in the production of the land in the first year.

We now have in the violent Horn of Africa

依家響有好多暴力發生嘅「非洲之角」

pastoralists planning their grazing to mimic nature

有牧民計劃模仿自然咁放牧

and openly saying it is the only hope they have

仲話依樣嘢係佢哋嘅唯一能夠 拯救佢哋嘅家庭同文化嘅希望

of saving their families and saving their culture.

Ninety-five percent of that land

人要響嗰塊地嘅 95％ 地方靠動物為生

can only feed people from animals.

I remind you that I am talking about

我要提醒各位

世上大部份嘅土地都控制緊我哋嘅命運

most of the world's land here that controls our fate,

including the most violent region of the world,

包括世界上最暴力嘅地區

where only animals can feed people

嗰度動物只能夠靠 95％ 嘅土地餵飽人

from about 95 percent of the land.

What we are doing globally is causing climate change

人類令到氣候變遷嘅程度 我相信同石化燃料造成嘅一樣大

as much as, I believe, fossil fuels,

and maybe more than fossil fuels.

甚至比石化燃料仲大

But worse than that, it is causing hunger, poverty,

但更差嘅係

氣候變化會引起饑荒、貧窮 暴力、社會崩潰同戰爭

violence, social breakdown and war,

and as I am talking to you,

正如我依家同你哋講嘢嘅時候

millions of men, women and children

就已經有數百萬嘅男人、女人同細路 正喺度受苦、瀕臨死亡

are suffering and dying.

And if this continues,

而如果咁樣持續落去

we are unlikely to be able to stop the climate changing,

即使我哋停止使用石化燃料

even after we have eliminated the use of fossil fuels.

我哋都好有可能無辦法阻止氣候變遷

I believe I've shown you how we can work with nature

大家而家睇到我哋點樣

at very low cost

以非常低嘅成本同大自然共存

to reverse all this.

同扭轉一切

We are already doing so

我哋已經響全球五大洲

on about 15 million hectares

共一千五百萬公頃嘅土地上 實行依個計劃

on five continents,

and people who understand

嗰一啲比我更了解碳嘅人 可以清楚咁話畀你聽

far more about carbon than I do

calculate that, for illustrative purposes,

if we do what I am showing you here,

如果我哋照住做

we can take enough carbon out of the atmosphere

我哋就可以將大氣層裡面足夠數目嘅碳

and safely store it in the grassland soils

好安全咁鎖響草原土壤裡面幾千年

for thousands of years,

and if we just do that on about half the world's grasslands

如果全球半數嘅草原都做依樣嘢

that I've shown you,

we can take us back to pre-industrial levels,

我哋就可以將大氣中碳嘅數量 到去工業革命前嘅水平

while feeding people.

兼可以養活人口

I can think of almost nothing

我真係諗唔到仲有乜嘢

that offers more hope for our planet,

可以畀到地球、細路、佢哋嘅下一代

for your children,

and their children, and all of humanity.

同所有人類更多嘅希望

Thank you.

多謝

（掌聲）

(Applause)

Thank you. (Applause)

多謝

（掌聲）

Thank you, Chris.

多謝，Chris

Chris Anderson: Thank you. I have,

主持︰多謝

and I'm sure everyone here has,

我相信依度好多人包括我

A) a hundred questions, B) wants to hug you.

都想問你問題，或者同你擁抱

I'm just going to ask you one quick question.

我想問你一個好短嘅問題

When you first start this and you bring in a flock of animals,

你好多年前引入一批動物嘅時候

it's desert. What do they eat? How does that part work?

嗰陣時仲係沙漠，咁佢哋食啲乜？

係點樣運作呢？你係點樣開始呢？

How do you start?

Allan Savory: Well, we have done this for a long time,

講者︰我哋已經做咗好長時間

and the only time we have ever had to provide any feed

只有復墾礦山嘅時候 我哋需要提供食物畀啲牲畜

is during mine reclamation,

where it's 100 percent bare.

因為只有嗰度係完全無植物

But many years ago, we took the worst land in Zimbabwe,

不過我哋遇過最差嘅地方 響好多年之前嘅津巴布韋

where I offered a £5 note

我當時用五英鎊打賭

in a hundred-mile drive

響一百里範圍內無人可以搵到一條草

if somebody could find one grass

in a hundred-mile drive,

and on that, we trebled the stocking rate,

之後頭一年我哋將動物嘅數量加多兩倍

the number of animals, in the first year with no feeding,

而且無提供食物畀啲家畜

just by the movement, mimicking nature,

我哋只係靠遷徙、模仿大自然

and using a sigmoid curve, that principle.

同利用 S 形曲線依個原則

It's a little bit technical to explain here, but just that.

要花啲時間去解釋，不過就係咁嘞

CA: Well, I would love to -- I mean, this such an interesting and important idea.

主持︰依個嘢真係好有趣同好重要

The best people on our blog are going to come and talk to you

我哋博客上面嘅人之後會再問你

and try and -- I want to get more on this

等我哋對於依個演講 有更加多題材可以寫

that we could share along with the talk.AS: Wonderful.

講者︰好

主持︰依場係震撼人心嘅演講

CA: That is an astonishing talk, truly an astonishing talk,

真係好震撼人心

and I think you heard that we all are cheering you on your way.

我諗你都聽到我哋為你做嘅嘢喝采

Thank you so much.AS: Well, thank you. Thank you. Thank you, Chris.

非常多謝你

講者︰多謝 Chris

（掌聲）

(Applause)