Arthur Potts Dawson: A vision for sustainable restaurants

86,711 views ・ 2010-12-03

TED


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翻译人员: Jenny Yang 校对人员: Felix Chen
00:16
Restaurants and the food industry in general
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一般说来餐厅和食品业
00:19
are pretty much the most wasteful industry
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大概是世界上
00:21
in the world.
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最浪费资源的产业。
00:23
For every calorie of food that we consume here in Britain today,
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现在我们在英国所消耗的每一卡路里的食物,
00:26
10 calories are taken to produce it.
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就需要耗用十倍的热量来生产,
00:28
That's a lot.
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真的很多。
00:30
I want to take something rather humble
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我想要来谈谈一些
00:32
to discuss.
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较为简朴的作法。
00:34
I found this in the farmers' market today,
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这是我今天在自由市场找到的,
00:36
and if anybody wants to take it home and mash it later, you're very welcome to.
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如果有谁想要带回家捣成泥,就请便吧。
00:39
The humble potato --
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这只是个马铃薯,
00:41
and I've spent a long time, 25 years, preparing these.
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我花了很长的时间 -- 25年 -- 才想出这个道理。
00:43
And it pretty much goes through
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在它的生命里,
00:45
eight different forms in its lifetime.
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大约会历经八个不同的形式。
00:48
First of all, it's planted, and that takes energy.
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首先,我们要栽种,这就耗掉不少能源,
00:51
It grows and is nurtured.
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马铃薯会成长,也会吸收养份,
00:54
It's then harvested.
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我们才能收成。
00:56
It's then distributed,
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接下来则是经销
00:58
and distribution is a massive issue.
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经销牵扯到的问题很多。
01:00
It's then sold and bought,
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然后经过买卖,
01:02
and it's then delivered to me.
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送到了我的手上,
01:04
I basically take it, prepare it,
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我则是准备拿来烹调,
01:06
and then people consume it -- hopefully they enjoy it.
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让人们吃下肚,希望大家都能满意。
01:09
The last stage is basically waste,
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最后的阶段则是废弃物处理,
01:11
and this is is pretty much where everybody disregards it.
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这也是大家最为忽略的阶段。
01:14
There are different types of waste.
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浪费可分为几种型态,
01:16
There's a waste of time; there's a waste of space; there's a waste of energy;
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有人浪费时间、有人浪费空间、有人浪费能源,
01:19
and there's a waste of waste.
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也有人浪费废弃物。
01:21
And every business I've been working on
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我在过去五年
01:23
over the past five years,
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所参与过的每一项工作里,
01:25
I'm trying to lower each one of these elements.
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都致力于降低浪费。
01:28
Okay, so you ask what a sustainable restaurant looks like.
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好,你会问到底注重环保的餐厅长什么样子?
01:31
Basically a restaurant just like any other.
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其实这种餐厅和别的没有什么不同,
01:33
This is the restaurant, Acorn House.
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就是个餐厅,这间叫做「橡实屋」,
01:35
Front and back.
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正面和背面的照片。
01:37
So let me run you through a few ideas.
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我来说明几个观念:
01:40
Floor: sustainable, recyclable.
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地板:耐磨、可回收利用。
01:42
Chairs: recycled and recyclable.
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椅子:回收制作,且可再回收利用。
01:45
Tables: Forestry Commission.
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桌子:契约林地生产制造。
01:47
This is Norwegian Forestry Commission wood.
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这是用挪威契约林地生产的木材所制造,
01:49
This bench, although it was uncomfortable for my mom --
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这张长椅,虽然我妈坐上去很不舒服,
01:52
she didn't like sitting on it,
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她很不喜欢坐在上头,
01:54
so she went and bought these cushions for me from a local jumble sale --
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但她跑到当地的杂货拍卖店买了些椅垫,
01:57
reusing, a job that was pretty good.
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全是回收再制作的,手工还不赖。
01:59
I hate waste, especially walls.
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我讨厌浪费,尤其是墙壁,
02:01
If they're not working, put a shelf on it, which I did,
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如果空着没用,就放个架子上去,我就是这么做的,
02:04
and that shows all the customers my products.
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还可以向顾客展示我的产品。
02:07
The whole business is run on sustainable energy.
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整间餐厅都是使用可再生能源,
02:09
This is powered by wind. All of the lights are daylight bulbs.
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像是利用风力发电,里面的灯泡也全都改成日光灯,
02:12
Paint is all low-volume chemical,
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油漆则是选用化学成份最低的品牌,
02:14
which is very important when you're working in the room all the time.
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这对全天都在餐厅里工作的人来说是很重要的。
02:16
I was experimenting with these -- I don't know if you can see it --
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我一直在实验这个,我不知道你们是否看得出来,
02:18
but there's a work surface there.
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但我在这表面还多漆了一层,
02:20
And that's a plastic polymer.
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那是塑化聚合物。
02:22
And I was thinking, well I'm trying to think nature, nature, nature.
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我一直在想着要用自然的东西,
02:24
But I thought, no, no, experiment with resins,
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但我想也可以用合成树脂来做些实验,
02:26
experiment with polymers.
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用聚合物做些实验。
02:28
Will they outlive me? They probably might.
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这些东西会比我长寿吗?很可能会。
02:30
Right, here's a reconditioned coffee machine.
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这是一台重新调整过的咖啡机,
02:32
It actually looks better than a brand new one -- so looking good there.
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看起来比一台新的还要好,摆在这里真好。
02:35
Now reusing is vital.
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重新回收利用资源是很重要的,
02:38
And we filter our own water.
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我们还过滤自己要喝的水,
02:40
We put them in bottles, refrigerate them,
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把水装进瓶子里,放进冰箱,
02:42
and then we reuse that bottle again and again and again.
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一再地重覆使用同一个瓶子。
02:44
Here's a great little example.
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这里还有一个很棒的小例子,
02:46
If you can see this orange tree, it's actually growing in a car tire,
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看看这株橘子树,它其实是被种在一个汽车轮胎里,
02:48
which has been turned inside out and sewn up.
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我们把车胎内面翻出来,再缝起来而已。
02:50
It's got my compost in it, which is growing an orange tree, which is great.
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我还放了些堆肥在里头,就长出了这株橘子树,很棒吧!
02:53
This is the kitchen, which is in the same room.
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这是厨房,就在同一个房间里。
02:55
I basically created a menu that allowed people
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我设计了菜单,它可以让人们
02:57
to choose the amount and volume of food
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挑选食物的份量,
02:59
that they wanted to consume.
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这样大家就可以各取所需,
03:01
Rather than me putting a dish down,
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而不是每次都由我端出相同份量的菜肴,
03:03
they were allowed to help themselves to as much or as little as they wanted.
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我要让顾客自己决定自己要吃多少份量。
03:06
Okay, it's a small kitchen. It's about five square meters.
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好,这个厨房不大,大约只有五平方公尺而已,
03:09
It serves 220 people a day.
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但一天却可以供应220人用餐。
03:11
We generate quite a lot of waste.
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我们每天会制造出许多废物,
03:13
This is the waste room.
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就堆在这个废弃物室。
03:15
You can't get rid of waste.
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人们不可能不制造废弃物,
03:17
But this story's not about eliminating it, it's about minimizing it.
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但我要说的不是去消灭废弃物,而是尽量减少废弃物的产生。
03:20
In here, I have produce and boxes
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我会产生废弃物,还得处理废弃物,
03:23
that are unavoidable.
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这都是免不了的工作。
03:25
I put my food waste into this dehydrating, desiccating macerator --
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我把废弃的食品放进干燥脱水机里,
03:28
turns food into an inner material,
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把它们变成干燥的状态,
03:31
which I can store and then compost later.
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我就可以先储存着,日后再来做堆肥。
03:33
I compost it in this garden.
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我在院子里制作堆肥,
03:36
All of the soil you can see there is basically my food,
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你在院子里看到的所有土壤,其实都是食物残渣,
03:39
which is generated by the restaurant,
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是餐厅里的废物垃圾,
03:41
and it's growing in these tubs, which I made out of storm-felled trees
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我把厨余放进我用漂流木
03:43
and wine casks and all kinds of things.
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和酒桶这类东西做出这些管子的
03:46
Three compost bins --
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三个堆肥箱子...
03:48
go through about 70 kilos of raw vegetable waste a week --
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每周要处理大约70公斤的蔬菜厨余,
03:50
really good, makes fantastic compost.
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真的很棒,是很棒的堆肥,
03:52
A couple of wormeries in there too.
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也有很多虫子住在里头。
03:54
And actually one of the wormeries
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其中有一种虫子真的很大,
03:56
was a big wormery. I had a lot of worms in it.
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各种虫子都有,
03:58
And I tried taking the dried food waste,
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有一次我还把一些干燥的厨余,
04:00
putting it to the worms, going, "There you go, dinner."
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拿到虫子前面说:「给你当晚餐。」
04:02
It was like vegetable jerky,
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可能是那片干燥蔬菜有问题吧...
04:04
and killed all of them.
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虫子全都死了。
04:06
I don't know how many worms [were] in there,
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我不知道里头到底有多少虫子,
04:08
but I've got some heavy karma coming, I tell you.
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但我想我会有很严重的报应吧!
04:11
(Laughter)
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(笑声)
04:13
What you're seeing here is a water filtration system.
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你现在看到的是滤水系统,
04:16
This takes the water out of the restaurant,
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水会从这里流到餐厅外面,
04:18
runs it through these stone beds -- this is going to be mint in there --
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流过这一层石头来过滤,这里应该有种些薄荷才对,
04:21
and I sort of water the garden with it.
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我会用过滤过的水来浇花。
04:23
And I ultimately want to recycle that, put it back into the loos,
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我还想更进一步来回收利用这些水,
04:25
maybe wash hands with it, I don't know.
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或许用来洗手吧,我不知道。
04:27
So, water is a very important aspect.
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水是很重要的一环,
04:30
I started meditating on that
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我深入研究之后,
04:32
and created a restaurant called Waterhouse.
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开了一家叫做「水屋」的餐厅。
04:35
If I could get Waterhouse to be a no-carbon restaurant
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如果我能把「水屋」打造成一个没有碳排放的餐厅,
04:37
that is consuming no gas to start with, that would be great.
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就从不用瓦斯开始,那一定很棒!
04:40
I managed to do it.
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我一定会想办法做到的!
04:42
This restaurant looks a little bit like Acorn House --
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这家餐厅看起来有点像橡实屋,
04:44
same chairs, same tables.
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同样的桌椅,
04:46
They're all English and a little bit more sustainable.
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全都是英国制造,而且很耐用,
04:49
But this is an electrical restaurant.
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但这间餐厅是间电气餐厅,
04:51
The whole thing is electric, the restaurant and the kitchen.
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全部只使用电,包含餐厅和厨房,
04:53
And it's run on hydroelectricity,
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全都是靠水力发电,
04:55
so I've gone from air to water.
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所以我已经用过风力和水力发电了。
04:57
Now it's important to understand
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各位要了解一点,
05:00
that this room
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这很重要,
05:02
is cooled by water, heated by water,
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这个房间是靠水来降温,也靠水来供应暖气,
05:04
filters its own water,
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回收的水会再过滤,
05:06
and it's powered by water.
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运用水来发电,
05:08
It literally is Waterhouse.
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名符其实的水屋。
05:10
The air handling system inside it --
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里头的排风系统,
05:12
I got rid of air-conditioning
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我没有使用空调,
05:14
because I thought there was too much consumption going on there.
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因为我觉得太耗能源了,
05:16
This is basically air-handling.
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所以只简单使用这种排风系统,
05:18
I'm taking the temperature of the canal outside,
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我把外面河道的温度引进来,
05:20
pumping it through the heat exchange mechanism,
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利用热能交换的机制把它抽进来,
05:22
it's turning through these amazing sails on the roof,
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靠屋顶上那些令人惊叹的帆转动,
05:24
and that, in turn, is falling softly onto the people in the restaurant,
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让风缓缓地降在餐厅客人身上,
05:27
cooling them, or heating them, as the need may be.
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让他们感受到凉风,或是热风,随季节而定。
05:30
And this is an English willow air diffuser,
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这是英国制的柳条风扇,
05:32
and that's softly moving
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它缓慢地转动,
05:34
that air current through the room.
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让气流在房间里流动。
05:36
Very advanced, no air-conditioning -- I love it.
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非常先进,完全没有使用空调 -- 我爱这玩意儿
05:39
In the canal, which is just outside the restaurant,
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在餐厅外面有一条河,
05:41
there is hundreds of meters of coil piping.
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我们架设了数百公尺的管线,
05:43
This takes the temperature of the canal
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把河道上的温度
05:45
and turns it into this four-degrees of heat exchange.
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和室内温度交换,大约有4度的温差。
05:48
I have no idea how it works, but I paid a lot of money for it.
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我不知道这是怎样做到的,但我花了一大笔钱做这个。
05:51
(Laughter)
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(笑声)
05:53
And what's great is one of the chefs who works in that restaurant
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最棒的是,有一个在餐厅里工作的厨师,
05:55
lives on this boat -- it's off-grid; it generates all its own power.
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就住在船上,完全不使用电,而是自行发电,
05:58
He's growing all his own fruit, and that's fantastic.
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他种植自己所需的水果,真是太棒了!
06:01
There's no accident in names of these restaurants.
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这些餐厅的命名是有意义的,
06:03
Acorn House is the element of wood; Waterhouse is the element of water;
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橡实屋的主题是木材,水屋的主题是水,
06:06
and I'm thinking, well, I'm going to be making
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我在想,我想要有
06:09
five restaurants based
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五间餐厅,
06:11
on the five Chinese medicine acupuncture specialities.
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要以中国的五行为主题,
06:15
I've got water and wood. I'm just about to do fire.
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我已经有水和木了,我还要开一间火餐厅,
06:18
I've got metal and earth to come.
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还有以金和土为主题的餐厅。
06:20
So you've got to watch your space for that.
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各位等着瞧吧!
06:23
Okay. So this is my next project.
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好,这是我的下一个计画,
06:25
Five weeks old,
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我想五个星期了,
06:27
it's my baby, and it's hurting real bad.
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它是我的宝贝儿,真的很不好做,
06:30
The People's Supermarket.
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我要开一间「平民超市」。
06:32
So basically, the restaurants only really hit
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基本上,我开的餐厅
06:34
people who believed in what I was doing anyway.
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只能吸引那些与我志同道合的顾客,
06:36
What I needed to do was get food out
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但我想要把我的食物
06:38
to a broader spectrum of people.
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推广给更广泛的人群。
06:40
So people -- i.e., perhaps, more working-class --
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我的目标是蓝领阶级,
06:43
or perhaps people who actually believe in a cooperative.
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或是那些相信互相合作的人,
06:45
This is a social enterprise,
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这是一个社会型企业,
06:47
not-for-profit cooperative supermarket.
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不以营利为目的的超市。
06:50
It really is about the social disconnect
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我们在这里只谈食物
06:52
between food, communities
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和都市社区间的
06:54
in urban settings
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社会联系,
06:56
and their relationship to rural growers --
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以及社区和农夫间的关系,
06:58
connecting communities in London to rural growers.
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我们要把伦敦社区和农夫的关系重新建立起来,
07:00
Really important.
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这真的很重要。
07:02
So I'm committing to potatoes; I'm committing to milk;
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我要卖马铃薯,我要卖牛奶,
07:04
I'm committing to leeks and broccoli -- all very important stuff.
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我要卖葱和西兰花 -- 全都是很重要的食物。
07:07
I've kept the tiles; I've kept the floors;
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我已经铺好地砖,整理好地板,
07:09
I've kept the trunking; I've got in some recycled fridges;
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准备好箱子,也准备了一些回收再利用的冰箱,
07:11
I've got some recycled tills; I've got some recycled trolleys.
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还有回收再利用的收银机和手推车。
07:14
I mean, the whole thing is is super-sustainable.
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这整个计画简直是超极环保的,
07:16
In fact, I'm trying and I'm going to make this
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实际上,我想要把这间超市
07:18
the most sustainable supermarket in the world.
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打造成全世界最环保的超市。
07:21
That's zero food waste.
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完全没有食物浪费,
07:23
And no one's doing that just yet.
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还没有人这么做过。
07:25
In fact, Sainsbury's, if you're watching,
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事实上,如果你关注一下,
07:27
let's have a go. Try it on.
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只有圣贝瑞超市在进行尝试,
07:29
I'm going to get there before you.
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我会比他们更早做到!
07:31
So nature doesn't create waste
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自然就不会有浪费,
07:34
doesn't create waste as such.
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不会出现这么浪费的情形。
07:36
Everything in nature is used up in a closed continuous cycle
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自然界的一切都是在一个封闭的循环里流动,
07:39
with waste being the end of the beginning,
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废弃物会是终点也是起点,
07:42
and that's been something that's been nurturing me for some time,
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终有一天我们也会受益于这些废弃物,
07:45
and it's an important statement to understand.
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这是我们必须了解的重要观念。
07:48
If we don't stand up
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如果我们不挺身而出,
07:50
and make a difference
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为世界做出一些改变,
07:52
and think about sustainable food,
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如果我们不去思考食物的可持续性,
07:55
think about the sustainable nature of it,
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不去思考大自然的可持续性,
07:57
then we may fail.
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我们终有一天会灭亡。
07:59
But, I wanted to get up and show you
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我要身先士卒,让各位知道,
08:01
that we can do it if we're more responsible.
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我们只要多担当一些责任就可以做到,
08:03
Environmentally conscious businesses are doable.
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有环保意识的商业是可行的,
08:06
They're here. You can see I've done three so far;
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这种公司是存在的,我就已经有三家这样的公司了,
08:09
I've got a few more to go.
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我还会继续做下去。
08:12
The idea is embryonic.
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这个观念还在萌芽阶段,
08:14
I think it's important.
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我认为这很重要,
08:16
I think that if we reduce, reuse, refuse
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我们要做到减量、重覆使用、拒绝浪费、
08:19
and recycle -- right at the end there --
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回收利用,都写在这下面。
08:21
recycling is the last point I want to make;
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回收再利用是我要强调的最后一个重点,
08:24
but it's the four R's, rather than the three R's --
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所以总共有四个重点,而不只是三个而已。
08:27
then I think we're going to be on our way.
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我想我们正在理想中前行。
08:29
So these three are not perfect -- they're ideas.
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这三家公司还不是很完美,他们代表了我的想法。
08:32
I think that there are many problems to come,
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我想我们会遇到许多困难,
08:35
but with help, I'm sure I'm going to find solutions.
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但有了大家的协助,我相信一定能找到解决之道,
08:38
And I hope you all take part.
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我希望各位都能参与其中。
08:40
Thank you very much. (Applause)
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谢谢各位!
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