What it's like to be a Muslim in America | Dalia Mogahed

Prevodilac: Milenka Okuka Lektor: Mile Živković

What do you think when you look at me?

Šta pomislite kad me pogledate?

A woman of faith? An expert?

Da sam vernica? Ekspertkinja?

Maybe even a sister.

Možda čak i sestra.

Or oppressed,

Ili potlačena žena,

brainwashed,

ispranog mozga,

a terrorist.

teroristkinja.

Or just an airport security line delay.

Ili sam prosto razlog za kašnjenje zbog bezbednosti na aerodromu.

That one's actually true.

Poslednje je zapravo istina.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

If some of your perceptions were negative, I don't really blame you.

Ako su poimanja nekih od vas negativna, uistinu vas ne krivim.

That's just how the media has been portraying

Tako prosto mediji prikazuju

people who look like me.

ljude koji izgledaju kao ja.

One study found

Jedno istraživanje je otkrilo

that 80 percent of news coverage about Islam and Muslims is negative.

da je 80 procenata vesti o islamu i muslimanima negativno.

And studies show that Americans say that most don't know a Muslim.

A istraživanja su pokazala da Amerikanci većinom tvrde

da ne znaju ni jednog muslimana.

I guess people don't talk to their Uber drivers.

Izgleda da ljudi ne razgovaraju sa vozačima iz firme Uber.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

Well, for those of you who have never met a Muslim,

Pa, svi vi koji nikad niste upoznali ni jednog muslimana,

it's great to meet you.

drago mi je što smo se upoznali.

Let me tell you who I am.

Dozvolite mi da se predstavim.

I'm a mom, a coffee lover --

Ja sam majka, ljubiteljka kafe -

double espresso, cream on the side.

duplog espresa sa šlagom.

I'm an introvert.

Introvert sam.

I'm a wannabe fitness fanatic.

Želja mi je da budem fitnes fanatik.

And I'm a practicing, spiritual Muslim.

I vernica sam, produhovljena muslimanka.

But not like Lady Gaga says, because baby, I wasn't born this way.

Ali ne u fazonu Lejdi Gage jer, dušo, nisam rođena ovakva.

It was a choice.

To je bio izbor.

When I was 17, I decided to come out.

Kad mi je bilo 17 godina, odlučila sam da to obznanim.

No, not as a gay person like some of my friends,

Ne, ne da sam gej kao neki moji prijatelji

but as a Muslim,

već da sam muslimanka,

and decided to start wearing the hijab, my head covering.

te sam počela da nosim hidžab, da pokrivam glavu.

My feminist friends were aghast:

Moji prijatelji feministi su bili zgroženi:

"Why are you oppressing yourself?"

"Zašto tlačiš samu sebe?"

The funny thing was,

Smešno je bilo

it was actually at that time a feminist declaration of independence

da je to zapravo, u to vreme, bila feministička objava nezavisnosti

from the pressure I felt as a 17-year-old,

od pritisaka koje sam osećala kao 17-ogodišnjakinja,

to conform to a perfect and unattainable standard of beauty.

koji su me terali da se povinujem savršenim i nedostižnim idealima lepote.

I didn't just passively accept the faith of my parents.

Nisam prosto pasivno prihvatala veru mojih roditelja.

I wrestled with the Quran.

Mučila sam muku s Kuranom.

I read and reflected and questioned and doubted

Čitala sam i razmišljala i dovodila u pitanje i sumnjala

and, ultimately, believed.

i, na kraju, verovala.

My relationship with God -- it was not love at first sight.

Moj odnos s Bogom - nije to bila ljubav na prvi pogled.

It was a trust and a slow surrender

Bilo je to poverenje i sporo predavanje

that deepened with every reading of the Quran.

koje se produbljavalo svakim čitanjem Kurana.

Its rhythmic beauty sometimes moves me to tears.

Njegova ritmična lepota me ponekad gane do suza.

I see myself in it. I feel that God knows me.

Pronalazim se u njemu. Osećam da me Bog poznaje.

Have you ever felt like someone sees you, completely understands you

Da li ste ikad imali osećaj da vas neko vidi, razume u potpunosti,

and yet loves you anyway?

a ipak vas voli?

That's how it feels.

To je takav osećaj.

And so later, I got married,

Pa sam se kasnije udala

and like all good Egyptians,

i kao i svaki uzorni Egipćanin

started my career as an engineer.

započela sam karijeru kao inženjer.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

I later had a child, after getting married,

Kasnije sam dobila dete, nakon što sam se udala

and I was living essentially the Egyptian-American dream.

i u suštini sam živela egipatsko-američki san.

And then that terrible morning of September, 2001.

A onda je došlo to užasno jutro septembra 2001.

I think a lot of you probably remember exactly where you were that morning.

Verujem da se većina vas verovatno seća tačno gde ste bili tog jutra.

I was sitting in my kitchen finishing breakfast,

Ja sam sedela u mojoj kuhinji, dovršavala doručak,

and I look up on the screen and see the words "Breaking News."

a kad sam pogledala u ekran, videla sam reči: "Najnovije vesti".

There was smoke, airplanes flying into buildings,

Video se dim, avioni kako uleću u zgrade,

people jumping out of buildings.

ljudi kako iskaču iz zgrada.

What was this?

Šta se dešavalo?

An accident?

Nesreća?

A malfunction?

Kvar?

My shock quickly turned to outrage.

Moja zaprepašćenost je brzo prešla u bes.

Who would do this?

Ko bi ovo učinio?

And I switch the channel and I hear,

I promenila sam kanal i čula:

"... Muslim terrorist ...,"

"...muslimanski teroristi...",

"... in the name of Islam ...,"

"...u ime islama...",

"... Middle-Eastern descent ...,"

"...ljudi poreklom sa Srednjeg Istoka...",

"... jihad ...,"

"...džihad...",

"... we should bomb Mecca."

"...bombardujmo Meku."

Oh my God.

O, moj gospode.

Not only had my country been attacked,

Ne samo da je moja država napadnuta,

but in a flash,

već su brzinom munje

somebody else's actions had turned me from a citizen

nečija dela pretvorila mene iz građanke

to a suspect.

u osumnjičenu.

That same day, we had to drive across Middle America

Tog dana smo morali da prođemo kroz središnju Ameriku

to move to a new city to start grad school.

kako bi se preselili u novi grad zbog škole.

And I remember sitting in the passenger seat

I sećam se kako sam sedela na mestu suvozača

as we drove in silence,

dok smo se vozili u tišini,

crouched as low as I could go in my seat,

pognuta što sam više mogla u svom sedištu,

for the first time in my life, afraid for anyone to know I was a Muslim.

prvi put u životu me je bilo strah da će neko da primeti da sam muslimanka.

We moved into our apartment that night in a new town

Preselili smo se te noći u novi stan u novom gradu,

in what felt like a completely different world.

i činilo se u potpunosti u drugi svet.

And then I was hearing and seeing and reading

A potom sam slušala, gledala i čitala

warnings from national Muslim organizations

upozorenja nacionalnih muslimanskih organizacija,

saying things like, "Be alert," "Be aware,"

govorili su stvari poput: "Budite na oprezu", "Pazite se",

"Stay in well-lit areas," "Don't congregate."

"Držite se dobro osvetljenih područja", "Ne okupljajte se."

I stayed inside all week.

Nisam izlazila celu sedmicu.

And then it was Friday that same week,

A onda je došao petak, iste te sedmice,

the day that Muslims congregate for worship.

dan kad se muslimani okupljaju na molitvu.

And again the warnings were, "Don't go that first Friday,

I opet su stizala upozorenja: "Ne idite odmah prvog petka,

it could be a target."

mogli biste da budete meta."

And I was watching the news, wall-to-wall coverage.

A ja sam posmatrala vesti, celodnevno izveštavanje.

Emotions were so raw, understandably,

Emocije su bile sveže, razumljivo,

and I was also hearing about attacks on Muslims,

i takođe sam slušala o napadima na muslimane

or people who were perceived to be Muslim, being pulled out

ili o ljudima koje su videli kao muslimane kako ih odvlače

and beaten in the street.

i tuku na ulicama.

Mosques were actually firebombed.

Džamije su zapravo gađane zapaljivim bombama.

And I thought, we should just stay home.

Pomislila sam: najbolje da ne izlazimo.

And yet, something didn't feel right.

Pa ipak, nešto tu nije štimalo.

Because those people who attacked our country

Jer ti ljudi koji su napali našu državu,

attacked our country.

napali su našu državu.

I get it that people were angry at the terrorists.

Bilo mi je shvatljivo da su ljudi besni na teroriste.

Guess what? So was I.

Znate šta? I ja sam bila besna.

And so to have to explain yourself all the time isn't easy.

A nije lako kad ste primorani da se stalno pravdate.

I don't mind questions. I love questions.

Ne smetaju mi pitanja. Volim pitanja.

It's the accusations that are tough.

Optužbe su teške.

Today we hear people actually saying things like,

Danas slušamo ljude kako zapravo izgovaraju sledeće:

"There's a problem in this country, and it's called Muslims.

"Imamo problem u ovoj zemlji, a on se zove - muslimani.

When are we going to get rid of them?"

Kad ćemo da ih se otarasimo?"

So, some people want to ban Muslims and close down mosques.

Stoga neki ljudi žele da zabrane muslimane i da pozatvaraju džamije.

They talk about my community kind of like we're a tumor

Govore o mojoj zajednici kao da smo nekakav tumor

in the body of America.

u američkom telu.

And the only question is, are we malignant or benign?

A jedino pitanje je: jesmo li maligni ili benigni?

You know, a malignant tumor you extract altogether,

Znate, maligni tumor u potpunosti izvadite,

and a benign tumor you just keep under surveillance.

a benigni tumor prosto držite pod nadzorom.

The choices don't make sense, because it's the wrong question.

Ponuđeni izbori nemaju smisla jer je samo pitanje pogrešno.

Muslims, like all other Americans, aren't a tumor in the body of America,

Muslimani, poput drugih Amerikanaca, nisu tumor u američkom telu,

we're a vital organ.

mi smo vitalni organ.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

Thank you.

Hvala vam.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

Muslims are inventors and teachers,

Muslimani su pronalazači i učitelji,

first responders and Olympic athletes.

pripadnici hitnih službi i olimpijske atlete.

Now, is closing down mosques going to make America safer?

Sad, da li bi zatvaranjem džamija Amerika bila sigurnija?

It might free up some parking spots,

To bi oslobodilo nešto prostora za parkiranje,

but it will not end terrorism.

ali ne bi okončalo terorizam.

Going to a mosque regularly is actually linked

Redovan odlazak u džamiju je zapravo povezan

to having more tolerant views of people of other faiths

s posedovanjem tolerantnijih pogleda na ljude drugih veroispovesti

and greater civic engagement.

i s većim građanskim angažmanom.

And as one police chief in the Washington, DC area

I kao što mi je jedan šef policije iz oblasti grada Vašingtona

recently told me,

nedavno rekao,

people don't actually get radicalized at mosques.

ljude zapravo ne radikalizuju u džamijama.

They get radicalized in their basement or bedroom, in front of a computer.

Radikalizuju ih u njihovim podrumima ili spavaćim sobama, ispred kompjutera.

And what you find about the radicalization process

A ono što ćete da otkrijete o procesu radikalizacije

is it starts online,

je da počinje na internetu,

but the first thing that happens

ali prvo što se desi

is the person gets cut off from their community,

je da tu osobu isključe iz zajednice,

from even their family,

čak i iz porodice,

so that the extremist group can brainwash them

kako bi im ekstremističke grupe mogle da isperu mozak

into believing that they, the terrorists, are the true Muslims,

da poveruju kako su oni, teroristi, istinski muslimani,

and everyone else who abhors their behavior and ideology

a da su svi ostali koji mrze njihovo ponašanje i ideologiju

are sellouts or apostates.

prodane duše i otpadnici.

So if we want to prevent radicalization,

Pa, ako želimo da sprečimo radikalizaciju,

we have to keep people going to the mosque.

moramo da pustimo ljude da idu u džamije.

Now, some will still argue Islam is a violent religion.

Sad, neki će i dalje da tvrde da je islam nasilna religija.

After all, a group like ISIS bases its brutality on the Quran.

Naposletku, grupe poput ISIS-a zasnivaju svoju brutalnost na Kuranu.

Now, as a Muslim, as a mother, as a human being,

Sad, kao muslimanka, kao majka, kao ljudsko biće,

I think we need to do everything we can to stop a group like ISIS.

mislim da moramo da damo sve od sebe da zaustavimo grupe poput ISIS-a.

But we would be giving in to their narrative

Međutim, povinovali bismo se njihovom narativu

if we cast them as representatives of a faith of 1.6 billion people.

kad bismo ih proglasili zastupnicima vere 1,6 milijardi ljudi.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

Thank you.

Hvala vam.

ISIS has as much to do with Islam

ISIS ima veze sa islamom

as the Ku Klux Klan has to do with Christianity.

koliko i Kju Klaks klan sa hrišćanstvom.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

Both groups claim to base their ideology on their holy book.

Obe grupe tvrde da zasnivaju svoju ideologiju na svetoj knjizi.

But when you look at them, they're not motivated

Međutim, kad ih pogledate, njih ne podstiče

by what they read in their holy book.

ono što pročitaju u svetoj knjizi.

It's their brutality that makes them read these things into the scripture.

Njihova surovost ih navodi da svašta učitaju u Sveto pismo.

Recently, a prominent imam told me a story that really took me aback.

Nedavno mi je ugledni imam ispričao priču koja me je uistinu iznenadila.

He said that a girl came to him

Rekao je kako mu je prišla devojka

because she was thinking of going to join ISIS.

jer je razmišljala da se pridruži ISIS-u.

And I was really surprised and asked him,

Bila sam zaista iznenađena i upitala sam ga:

had she been in contact with a radical religious leader?

je li bila u kontaktu s radikalnim religijskim vođom?

And he said the problem was quite the opposite,

A on je rakao da je u pitanju nešto sasvim drugo:

that every cleric that she had talked to had shut her down

svaki sveštenik s kojim je razgovarala ju je odbio

and said that her rage, her sense of injustice in the world,

i rekao da će je njen bes, njeno osećanje nepravde u svetu

was just going to get her in trouble.

samo odvesti u neprilike.

And so with nowhere to channel and make sense of this anger,

A kako nije imala gde da kanališe svoj bes i da ga razume,

she was a prime target to be exploited

ona je bila glavna meta za eksploatisanje

by extremists promising her a solution.

od strane ekstremista koji su joj nudili rešenje.

What this imam did was to connect her back to God and to her community.

Ovaj imam je povezao opet s Bogom i s njenom zajednicom.

He didn't shame her for her rage -- instead, he gave her constructive ways

Nije je postidio zbog njenog besa - naprotiv, pružio joj je svrsishodne načine

to make real change in the world.

da uistinu promeni svet.

What she learned at that mosque prevented her from going to join ISIS.

Ono što je naučila u džamiji ju je sprečilo da se pridruži ISIS-u.

I've told you a little bit

Rekla sam vam ponešto

about how Islamophobia affects me and my family.

o tome kako islamofobija pogađa mene i moju porodicu.

But how does it impact ordinary Americans?

No kako utiče na prosečnog Amerikanca?

How does it impact everyone else?

Kako utiče na sve ostale?

How does consuming fear 24 hours a day affect the health of our democracy,

Kako konstantno konzumiranje straha utiče na zdravlje naše demokratije,

the health of our free thought?

na zdravlje naše slobode misli?

Well, one study -- actually, several studies in neuroscience --

Pa, jedno istraživanje - zapravo, nekoliko istraživanja iz neuronauke -

show that when we're afraid, at least three things happen.

su pokazala da kad smo uplašeni bar tri stvari se dešavaju.

We become more accepting of authoritarianism,

Podložniji smo prihvatanju autoritarnosti,

conformity and prejudice.

konformizma i predrasuda.

One study showed that when subjects were exposed to news stories

Jedno istraživanje je pokazalo da kad su subjekti izloženi vestima

that were negative about Muslims,

koje govore o muslianima negativno,

they became more accepting of military attacks on Muslim countries

podložniji su prihvatanju vojnih napada na muslimanske zemlje

and policies that curtail the rights of American Muslims.

i zakona koji umanjuju prava američkih muslimana.

Now, this isn't just academic.

Sad, ovo nije puki intelektualizam.

When you look at when anti-Muslim sentiment spiked

Kad pogledate kad su antimuslimanska osećanja dostigla vrhunac,

between 2001 and 2013,

između 2001. i 2013,

it happened three times,

to se desilo tri puta,

but it wasn't around terrorist attacks.

ali ne zbog terorističkih napada.

It was in the run up to the Iraq War and during two election cycles.

To je prethodilo ratu u Iraku i desilo se tokom dva kruga izbora.

So Islamophobia isn't just the natural response to Muslim terrorism

Pa, islamofobija nije prosto prirodna reakcija na muslimanske teroriste

as I would have expected.

kao što sam očekivala.

It can actually be a tool of public manipulation,

Ona zapravo može da bude oruđe za manipulisanje javnošću,

eroding the very foundation of a free society,

koje podriva same temelje slobodnog društva,

which is rational and well-informed citizens.

to jest racionalne i dobro obaveštene građane.

Muslims are like canaries in the coal mine.

Muslimani su poput kanarinaca u rudniku uglja.

We might be the first to feel it,

Možda ga prvi osećamo,

but the toxic air of fear is harming us all.

ali otrovni vazduh straha povređuje sve nas.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

And assigning collective guilt

A kod pripisivanja kolektivne krivice

isn't just about having to explain yourself all the time.

se ne radi samo o primoranosti da se pravdate sve vreme.

Deah and his wife Yusor were a young married couple

Dea i njegova žena Jusor su bili mladi bračni par

living in Chapel Hill, North Carolina,

živeli su Čapel Hilu u Severnoj Karolini,

where they both went to school.

gde su oboje nekad išli u školu.

Deah was an athlete.

Dea je bio atleta.

He was in dental school, talented, promising ...

Pohađao je stomatologiju, bio je talentovan, potencijal...

And his sister would tell me that he was the sweetest,

A njegova sestra mi je rekla da je bio najtoplije,

most generous human being she knew.

najdarežljivije ljudsko biće koje je znala.

She was visiting him there and he showed her his resume,

Došla mu je u posetu i on joj je pokazao svoju biografiju

and she was amazed.

i ona je bila oduševljena.

She said, "When did my baby brother become such an accomplished young man?"

Rekla je: "Kad je moj maleni brat postao tako uspešan mladić?"

Just a few weeks after Suzanne's visit to her brother and his new wife,

Samo nekoliko nedelja nakon Suzanine posete bratu i njegovoj ženi,

their neighbor,

njihov komšija,

Craig Stephen Hicks,

Kreg Stiven Hiks,

murdered them,

ih je ubio,

as well as Yusor's sister, Razan, who was visiting for the afternoon,

kao i Jusurinu sestru Razan, koja ih je posetila tog popodneva,

in their apartment,

u njihovom stanu,

execution style,

u stilu smaknuća,

after posting anti-Muslim statements on his Facebook page.

nakon što je objavio antimuslimanske izjave na svojoj Fejsbuk stranici.

He shot Deah eight times.

S pet hitaca je pogodio Dea.

So bigotry isn't just immoral, it can even be lethal.

Netrepeljivost, dakle, nije samo nemoralna, može da bude i smrtonosna.

So, back to my story.

Vratimo se mojoj priči.

What happened after 9/11?

Šta se desilo nakon 11. septembra?

Did we go to the mosque or did we play it safe and stay home?

Da li smo otišli u džamiju ili smo išli na sigurno i ostali u kući?

Well, we talked it over,

Pa, razgovarali smo o tome

and it might seem like a small decision, but to us,

i možda vam se to čini kao jednostavna odluka, ali za nas

it was about what kind of America we wanted to leave for our kids:

radilo se o tome kakvu Ameriku želimo da ostavimo svojoj deci:

one that would control us by fear

onu koja će da nas kontroliše strahom

or one where we were practicing our religion freely.

ili onu u kojoj slobodno ispovedamo svoju religiju.

So we decided to go to the mosque.

Pa smo odlučili da odemo u džamiju.

And we put my son in his car seat,

Stavili smo sina u njegovo auto-sedište,

buckled him in, and we drove silently, intensely, to the mosque.

vezali ga i vozili se u tišini, usredsređeno u džamiju.

I took him out, I took off my shoes, I walked into the prayer hall

Iznela sam ga, izula svoje cipele, ušetala u salu za molitve,

and what I saw made me stop.

a zastala sam zbog prizora.

The place was completely full.

Mesto je bilo popunjeno.

And then the imam made an announcement,

A onda je imam objavio

thanking and welcoming our guests,

zahvalnost i dobrodošlicu našim gostima

because half the congregation

jer polovina okupljenih

were Christians, Jews, Buddhists, atheists,

su bili hrišćani, Jevreji, budisti, ateisti,

people of faith and no faith,

vernici i nevernici,

who had come not to attack us, but to stand in solidarity with us.

koji su došli, ne da bi nas napali, već da bi se solidarisali s nama.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

I just break down at this time.

U tom momentu sam bila skrhana.

These people were there because they chose courage and compassion

Ovi ljudi su bili tu jer su odabrali hrabrost i saosećajnost

over panic and prejudice.

umesto panike i predrasuda.

What will you choose?

Šta ćete vi da odaberete?

What will you choose at this time of fear and bigotry?

Šta ćete vi da odaberete u ovom vremenu straha i netrepeljivosti?

Will you play it safe?

Hoćete li ići na sigurno?

Or will you join those who say

Ili ćete da se pridružite onima koji govore

we are better than that?

da smo bolji od toga?

Thank you.

Hvala vam.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

Thank you so much.

Mnogo vam hvala.

Helen Walters: So Dalia, you seem to have struck a chord.

Helen Volters: Dakle, Dalija, izgleda da si pogodila u metu.

But I wonder,

Međutim, pitam se

what would you say to those who might argue

šta bi rekla onima koji bi možda tvrdili

that you're giving a TED Talk,

kako držiš govor na TED-u,

you're clearly a deep thinker,

da si očito ozbiljan mislilac,

you work at a fancy think tank,

radiš u modernom sektoru za inovacije,

you're an exception, you're not the rule.

da si izuzetak, a ne pravilo.

What would you say to those people?

Šta bi rekla tim ljudima?

Dalia Mogahed: I would say, don't let this stage distract you,

Dalija Mogahed: Rekla bih im da ne dozvole da ih ova scena zbuni,

I'm completely ordinary.

ja sam skroz obična.

I'm not an exception.

Nisam izuzetak.

My story is not unusual.

Moja priča nije neobična.

I am as ordinary as they come.

Najobičniji sam tip.

When you look at Muslims around the world --

Kad pogledate muslimane širom sveta -

and I've done this, I've done the largest study ever done

a ja jesam, uradila sam najveće istraživanje ikad

on Muslims around the world --

o muslimanima širom sveta -

people want ordinary things.

ti ljudi žele obične stvari.

They want prosperity for their family,

Žele napredak svojoj porodici,

they want jobs

žele da imaju posao

and they want to live in peace.

i žele da žive u miru.

So I am not in any way an exception.

Pa, ni na koji način nisam izuzetak.

When you meet people who seem like an exception to the rule,

Kad sretnete ljude koji se čine kao izuzetak od pravila,

oftentimes it's that the rule is broken,

često se radi o tome da je pravilo naopako,

not that they're an exception to it.

a ne da su oni izuzetak.

HW: Thank you so much. Dalia Mogahed.

HV: Mnogo ti hvala, Dalija Mogahed.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)