What it's like to be a Muslim in America | Dalia Mogahed

Prevoditelj: Tilen Pigac - EFZG Recezent: Ivan Stamenković

Što pomislite kada me ugledate?

What do you think when you look at me?

Žena vjernica? Stručnjakinja?

A woman of faith? An expert?

Možda čak i sestra.

Maybe even a sister.

Or oppressed,

Ili potlačena,

brainwashed,

ispranog mozga,

a terrorist.

teroristkinja.

Ili samo da je odgođena provjera sigurnosti u zračnoj luci.

Or just an airport security line delay.

That one's actually true.

Ovo zadnje je zapravo i točno.

(Smijeh)

(Laughter)

If some of your perceptions were negative, I don't really blame you.

Ako ste pomislili nešto negativno, ne krivim vas za to.

That's just how the media has been portraying

Jer mediji prikazuju negativnim

osobe koje izgledaju poput mene.

people who look like me.

One study found

Jedno istraživanje pokazuje

da je 80 posto vijesti o islamu i muslimanima negativno.

that 80 percent of news coverage about Islam and Muslims is negative.

And studies show that Americans say that most don't know a Muslim.

I pokazuju da Amerikanci većinom kažu da ne poznaju nijednog muslimana.

Valjda ne pričaju s taksi vozačima.

I guess people don't talk to their Uber drivers.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

Well, for those of you who have never met a Muslim,

Pa, za sve vas koji nikad niste upoznali muslimana,

it's great to meet you.

lijepo je upoznati vas.

Let me tell you who I am.

Reći ću vam tko sam ja.

I'm a mom, a coffee lover --

Ja sam majka, ljubiteljica kave,

double espresso, cream on the side.

duplog esspressa s vrhnjem.

Ja sam introvert.

I'm an introvert.

Uvijek fantaziram da ću se početi baviti fitnesom.

I'm a wannabe fitness fanatic.

I ja sam praktična, duhovna muslimanka.

And I'm a practicing, spiritual Muslim.

But not like Lady Gaga says, because baby, I wasn't born this way.

Ali ne kao što Lady Gaga kaže, jer dušo, nisam rođena ovakva.

It was a choice.

To je bio moj izbor.

When I was 17, I decided to come out.

Kad sam imala 17 godina, odlučila sam priznati tko sam.

No, not as a gay person like some of my friends,

Ali ne priznati da sam gej, kao neki moji prijatelji,

but as a Muslim,

već da sam muslimanka,

and decided to start wearing the hijab, my head covering.

i odlučula sam početi nositi hidžab, veo na glavi.

My feminist friends were aghast:

Moje prijateljice feministkinje bile su užasnute:

"Why are you oppressing yourself?"

"Zašto se ponižavaš?"

The funny thing was,

Što je smiješno,

it was actually at that time a feminist declaration of independence

jer to je bilo baš u vrijeme feminističke nezavisnosti

from the pressure I felt as a 17-year-old,

od pritiska kojeg sam osjećala kao sedamnaestogodišnjakinja

to conform to a perfect and unattainable standard of beauty.

da se prilagodim savršenom i nedostižnom standardu ljepote.

I didn't just passively accept the faith of my parents.

Nisam samo pasivno prihvatila vjeru svojih roditelja.

I wrestled with the Quran.

Borila sam se s Kuranom.

I read and reflected and questioned and doubted

Čitala sam, razmišljala, propitkivala i sumnjala

and, ultimately, believed.

i konačno, povjerovala.

My relationship with God -- it was not love at first sight.

Moja veza s Bogom nije bila ljubav na prvi pogled.

It was a trust and a slow surrender

To je bilo povjerenje i sporo predanje

that deepened with every reading of the Quran.

koje se produbljivalo svakim čitanjem Kurana.

Ljepota Kurana me ponekad dotakne do suza.

Its rhythmic beauty sometimes moves me to tears.

I see myself in it. I feel that God knows me.

Vidim sebe u njemu. Osjećam da me Bog poznaje.

Jeste li ikada osjećali da vas netko vidi i potpuno razumije,

Have you ever felt like someone sees you, completely understands you

and yet loves you anyway?

i voli vas unatoč svemu?

That's how it feels.

To je takav osjećaj.

And so later, I got married,

I tako, kasnije sam se udala,

and like all good Egyptians,

i poput svih dobrih Egipćanki,

started my career as an engineer.

počela svoju karijeru u graditeljstvu.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

I later had a child, after getting married,

Zatim sam dobila dijete, nakon što sam se udala,

and I was living essentially the Egyptian-American dream.

i, u biti, živjela sam američko-egipćanski san.

And then that terrible morning of September, 2001.

I onda, to užasno jutro, u rujnu 2001.

I think a lot of you probably remember exactly where you were that morning.

Mislim da se većina vas sjeća gdje ste točno bili tog jutra.

I was sitting in my kitchen finishing breakfast,

Ja sam sjedila u kuhinji, završavala doručak,

and I look up on the screen and see the words "Breaking News."

i pogledala u ekran, gdje je pisalo "Izvanredne vijesti."

Vidjela sam dim, avione koji lete u zgrade,

There was smoke, airplanes flying into buildings,

people jumping out of buildings.

ljude koji skaču iz zgrada.

What was this?

Što je to bilo?

An accident?

Nesreća?

A malfunction?

Kvar?

Moj šok se ubrzo pretvorio u bijes.

My shock quickly turned to outrage.

Who would do this?

Tko bi to učinio?

And I switch the channel and I hear,

I prebacim program i čujem

"... muslimanski terorist ...,"

"... Muslim terrorist ...,"

"... in the name of Islam ...,"

"... u ime islama ...,"

"... Middle-Eastern descent ...,"

"... iz Bliskog istoka ...,"

"... jihad ...,"

"... džihad ...,"

"... we should bomb Mecca."

"... trebali bismo bombardirati Meku."

Oh my God.

O moj Bože.

Not only had my country been attacked,

Ne samo da je moja zemlja napadnuta,

već u jednom trenutku,

but in a flash,

somebody else's actions had turned me from a citizen

nečije tuđe radnje su me pretvorile iz obične građanke

to a suspect.

u sumnjivca.

Tog istog dana, vozili smo se kroz srednju Ameriku,

That same day, we had to drive across Middle America

to move to a new city to start grad school.

selili u drugi grad zbog početka studija.

And I remember sitting in the passenger seat

Sjećam se da sam sjedila na suvozačkom sjedalu,

dok smo se vozili u tišini

as we drove in silence,

crouched as low as I could go in my seat,

i spustila sam se jako nisko da me nitko ne vidi,

for the first time in my life, afraid for anyone to know I was a Muslim.

jer sam se po prvi put u životu bojala da drugi znaju da sam muslimanka.

We moved into our apartment that night in a new town

Preselili smo se u stan te noći u novom gradu

i osjećali smo se kao da smo u drugom svijetu.

in what felt like a completely different world.

And then I was hearing and seeing and reading

Zatim sam čula, vidjela i čitala

warnings from national Muslim organizations

upozorenja nacionalnih organizacija muslimana

saying things like, "Be alert," "Be aware,"

koje su govorile da "budemo oprezni."

"Stay in well-lit areas," "Don't congregate."

"Idite dobro osvjetljenim ulicama," "Ne idite u grupama."

I stayed inside all week.

Ostala sam u stanu cijeli tjedan.

And then it was Friday that same week,

I onda je došao petak,

the day that Muslims congregate for worship.

dan kad se muslimani skupljaju na molitvu.

Opet su upozoravali da se ne okupljamo tog petka,

And again the warnings were, "Don't go that first Friday,

it could be a target."

jer bismo mogli biti meta.

And I was watching the news, wall-to-wall coverage.

Gledala sam sve vijesti.

Emotions were so raw, understandably,

Razumljivo, emocije su bile jake,

i čula sam o napadima na muslimane,

and I was also hearing about attacks on Muslims,

or people who were perceived to be Muslim, being pulled out

ili ljude koji su izgledali kao muslimani, koje su izvukli

and beaten in the street.

i pretukli na cesti.

Mosques were actually firebombed.

Bombardirali su džamije.

I ja sam mislila da bismo trebali ostati kod kuće.

And I thought, we should just stay home.

And yet, something didn't feel right.

Ali ipak, nešto tu nije bilo u redu.

Because those people who attacked our country

Jer ti ljudi koji su napali našu zemlju,

attacked our country.

napali su našu zemlju.

I get it that people were angry at the terrorists.

Razumijem da su ljudi ljuti na teroriste.

Guess what? So was I.

Pogodite što? I ja sam bila ljuta.

And so to have to explain yourself all the time isn't easy.

I to što se moram stalno objašnjavati i ispričavati nije lako.

I don't mind questions. I love questions.

Ne smetaju mi pitanja, volim ih.

It's the accusations that are tough.

Teška su mi optuživanja.

Today we hear people actually saying things like,

Danas možemo čuti kako ljudi govore

"There's a problem in this country, and it's called Muslims.

"Imamo problem u ovoj zemlji, a to su muslimani.

Kad ćemo ih se rješiti?"

When are we going to get rid of them?"

So, some people want to ban Muslims and close down mosques.

Neki ljudi žele izbaciti muslimane i zatvoriti džamije.

They talk about my community kind of like we're a tumor

Oni govore o nama kao da smo tumor

in the body of America.

u tijelu Amerike.

And the only question is, are we malignant or benign?

I jedino pitanje je, jesmo li dobroćudni ili zloćudni?

You know, a malignant tumor you extract altogether,

Znate, zloćudni tumor izvadite cijelog,

and a benign tumor you just keep under surveillance.

a dobroćudni samo držite pod nadzorom.

The choices don't make sense, because it's the wrong question.

Izbori nemaju smisla, jer je to krivo pitanje.

Muslims, like all other Americans, aren't a tumor in the body of America,

Muslimani, kao svi drugi Amerikanci, nisu tumor u tijelu Amerike,

we're a vital organ.

mi smo vitalni organ.

(Pljesak)

(Applause)

Hvala vam.

Thank you.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)

Muslims are inventors and teachers,

Muslimani su izumitelji i učitelji,

first responders and Olympic athletes.

policajci i atletičari.

Now, is closing down mosques going to make America safer?

Dakle, hoće li zatvaranje džamija učiniti Ameriku sigurnijom?

It might free up some parking spots,

Taj potez može osloboditi neka parkirna mjesta,

but it will not end terrorism.

ali neće zaustaviti terorizam.

Čest odlazak u džamiju zapravo je povezan

Going to a mosque regularly is actually linked

to having more tolerant views of people of other faiths

s otvorenijim pogledima na ljude drugih vjeroispovijesti

and greater civic engagement.

i većim građanskim angažmanom.

And as one police chief in the Washington, DC area

I kao što mi je šef policije za područje Washington DC-a

recently told me,

nedavno rekao,

ljudi ne postaju radikalni u džamijama.

people don't actually get radicalized at mosques.

They get radicalized in their basement or bedroom, in front of a computer.

Postaju radikalni u svojim podrumima, spavaćim sobama, ispred kompjutera.

And what you find about the radicalization process

I ono što možete saznati o tome kako ljudi postanu radikalni

is it starts online,

jest da to počinje na internetu,

ali prva stvar koja se događa

but the first thing that happens

is the person gets cut off from their community,

jest da se osoba izdvoji iz zajednice,

from even their family,

čak i iz svoje obitelji,

so that the extremist group can brainwash them

kako bi im ekstremisti mogli isprati mozak

i učiniti da povjeruju da su oni, teroristi, istinski muslimani,

into believing that they, the terrorists, are the true Muslims,

and everyone else who abhors their behavior and ideology

a svi drugi koji mrze njihovo ponašanje i ideologiju,

are sellouts or apostates.

oni su izdajnici ili otpadnici.

So if we want to prevent radicalization,

Zato, ako želimo sprječiti radikalizaciju,

we have to keep people going to the mosque.

moramo poticati ljude da nastave ići u džamije.

Now, some will still argue Islam is a violent religion.

Neki još govore da je islam religija puna nasilja.

After all, a group like ISIS bases its brutality on the Quran.

Ipak, ISIL temelji svoju brutalnost na Kuranu.

Now, as a Muslim, as a mother, as a human being,

Ja, kao muslimanka, majka, ljudsko biće,

I think we need to do everything we can to stop a group like ISIS.

mislim da trebamo učitini sve što možemo kako bismo zaustavili ISIL.

But we would be giving in to their narrative

Ali mi bismo bili prevareni

if we cast them as representatives of a faith of 1.6 billion people.

kad bismo ih gledali kao predstavnike vjere 1.6 milijardi ljudi.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)

Thank you.

Hvala vam.

ISIS has as much to do with Islam

ISIL ima veze s islamom

kao što Ku Klux Klan ima veze s kršćanstvom.

as the Ku Klux Klan has to do with Christianity.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)

Both groups claim to base their ideology on their holy book.

Obje grupe tvrde da svoju ideologiju temelje na svetoj knjizi.

But when you look at them, they're not motivated

Ali kad vidite što čine, oni nisu motivirani

by what they read in their holy book.

onime što čitaju u svojoj svetoj knjizi.

It's their brutality that makes them read these things into the scripture.

Njihova brutalnost ih tjera da čitaju te dijelove knjiga.

Nedavno mi je poznati imam ispričao priču koja me iznenadila.

Recently, a prominent imam told me a story that really took me aback.

He said that a girl came to him

Rekao je da mu je prišla djevojka

because she was thinking of going to join ISIS.

jer je razmišljala o tome da se pridruži ISILu.

And I was really surprised and asked him,

Bila sam iznenađena i pitala sam ga

had she been in contact with a radical religious leader?

je li ona bila u kontaktu s nekim radikalnim religijskim vođom.

And he said the problem was quite the opposite,

On je rekao da je problem upravo suprotan tome

that every cleric that she had talked to had shut her down

i da ju je svaki svećenik s kojim je razgovarala pokušao odgovoriti

and said that her rage, her sense of injustice in the world,

i rekao joj da će ju njen bijes i osjećaj nepravednosti u svijetu

was just going to get her in trouble.

samo dovesti u nevolju.

And so with nowhere to channel and make sense of this anger,

Nije znala kanalizirati taj svoj bijes

she was a prime target to be exploited

i bila je odlična meta da ju iskoriste

by extremists promising her a solution.

ekstremisti i ponude joj rješenje.

What this imam did was to connect her back to God and to her community.

Taj imam ju je ponovno povezao s Bogom i zajednicom.

He didn't shame her for her rage -- instead, he gave her constructive ways

Nije ju posramio jer je bila ljuta, već joj je pokazao konstruktivne načine

to make real change in the world.

da pokrene prave promjene u svijetu.

What she learned at that mosque prevented her from going to join ISIS.

Ono što je naučila u toj džamiji sprječilo ju je da se pridruži ISILu.

I've told you a little bit

Pričala sam vam malo

about how Islamophobia affects me and my family.

o tome kako islamofobija utječe na mene i moju obitelj.

Ali kako utječe na Amerikance?

But how does it impact ordinary Americans?

How does it impact everyone else?

Kako utječe na sve ostale?

How does consuming fear 24 hours a day affect the health of our democracy,

Kako konstantni strah utječe na zdravlje naše demokracije,

the health of our free thought?

zdravlje slobodnog mišljenja?

Well, one study -- actually, several studies in neuroscience --

Nekoliko istraživanja u neuroznanosti

show that when we're afraid, at least three things happen.

pokazuju da se najmanje 3 stvari događaju dok se bojimo.

We become more accepting of authoritarianism,

Lakše prihvaćamo autoritet,

konformizam i predrasude.

conformity and prejudice.

One study showed that when subjects were exposed to news stories

Jedno istraživanje je pokazalo da ljudi koji su izloženi vijestima

koje govore negativno o muslimanima

that were negative about Muslims,

lakše prihvaćaju vojne napade na muslimanske zemlje

they became more accepting of military attacks on Muslim countries

i zakone koji ograničavaju prava američkih muslimana.

and policies that curtail the rights of American Muslims.

Now, this isn't just academic.

Sada, to nije samo akademsko.

When you look at when anti-Muslim sentiment spiked

Kada pogledate kada je anti-muslimanski sentiment bio na vrhu

between 2001 and 2013,

između 2001. i 2013. godine,

dogodilo se tri puta,

it happened three times,

but it wasn't around terrorist attacks.

ali to nije bilo oko terorističkih napada.

It was in the run up to the Iraq War and during two election cycles.

Bilo je to u kulminaciji do rata u Iraku i tijekom dva izborna ciklusa.

Dakle islamofobija nije samo prirodni odgovor na muslimanski terorizam

So Islamophobia isn't just the natural response to Muslim terrorism

as I would have expected.

kao što sam očekivala.

It can actually be a tool of public manipulation,

To zapravo može biti alat javne manipulacije,

eroding the very foundation of a free society,

nagrizajući same temelje slobodnog društva,

which is rational and well-informed citizens.

koje predstavljaju racionalni i dobro informirani građani.

Muslims are like canaries in the coal mine.

Muslimani su kao kanarinci u rudniku ugljena.

We might be the first to feel it,

Možemo biti prvi koji će to osjetiti,

but the toxic air of fear is harming us all.

ali toksični zrak straha šteti nama svima.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)

And assigning collective guilt

A dodjela kolektivne krivnje

nije samo objašnjavati svoje postupke cijelo vrijeme.

isn't just about having to explain yourself all the time.

Deah and his wife Yusor were a young married couple

Deah i njegova supruga Yusor bili su mladi bračni par

living in Chapel Hill, North Carolina,

koji su živjeli u Chapel Hillu, u Sjevernoj Karolini,

where they both went to school.

gdje su oboje išli u školu.

Deah was an athlete.

Deah je bio sportaš.

Bio je na stomatološkom fakultetu, talentiran, perspektivan ...

He was in dental school, talented, promising ...

And his sister would tell me that he was the sweetest,

I njegova sestra bi mi rekla kako je on bio najslađe,

most generous human being she knew.

najizdašnije ljudsko biće koje je znala.

She was visiting him there and he showed her his resume,

Ona mu je došla tamo u posjetu a on joj je pokazao svoj životopis,

and she was amazed.

i bila je izvan sebe.

She said, "When did my baby brother become such an accomplished young man?"

Rekla je: "Kada je moj mali brat postao takav vrstan mladić? "

Samo nekoliko tjedana nakon što je Suzanne posjetila svog brata i njegovu novu suprugu,

Just a few weeks after Suzanne's visit to her brother and his new wife,

their neighbor,

njihov susjed,

Craig Stephen Hicks,

Craig Stephen Hicks,

murdered them,

ih je ubio,

as well as Yusor's sister, Razan, who was visiting for the afternoon,

kao i Yusorinu sestru, Razan, koja je bila u posjeti to popodne,

in their apartment,

u njihovom stanu,

execution style,

u stilu smaknuća,

after posting anti-Muslim statements on his Facebook page.

nakon objavljivanja anti-muslimanske izjave na svojoj Facebook stranici.

Upucao je Deaha osam puta.

He shot Deah eight times.

So bigotry isn't just immoral, it can even be lethal.

Dakle fanatizam nije samo nemoralan, može čak i biti smrtonosan.

So, back to my story.

Dakle, natrag na moju priču.

What happened after 9/11?

Što se dogodilo nakon 9/11?

Did we go to the mosque or did we play it safe and stay home?

Hoćemo li ići u džamiju ili ćemo igrati na sigurno i ostati kod kuće?

Well, we talked it over,

Dakle, porazgovarali smo o tome,

and it might seem like a small decision, but to us,

i to se može činiti kao mala odluka, ali za nas,

bilo je o tome kakvu Ameriku smo htjeli ostaviti našoj djeci:

it was about what kind of America we wanted to leave for our kids:

one that would control us by fear

onu koja će nas kontrolirati putem straha

or one where we were practicing our religion freely.

ili onu gdje ćemo slobodno prakticirati našu vjeru.

So we decided to go to the mosque.

Tako da smo odlučili ići u džamiju.

And we put my son in his car seat,

I stavili smo mog sina u njegovu sjedalicu,

buckled him in, and we drove silently, intensely, to the mosque.

zakopčali pojas i odvezli smo se u tišini, intenzivno, u džamiju.

I took him out, I took off my shoes, I walked into the prayer hall

Uzela sam ga van, skinula sam cipele, ušla sam u molitvenu dvoranu

and what I saw made me stop.

i ono što sam vidjela me prisililo da se zaustavim.

The place was completely full.

Dvorana je bila potpuno puna.

And then the imam made an announcement,

I onda je imam napravio najavu,

thanking and welcoming our guests,

zahvalio i poželio dobrodošlicu našim gostima,

because half the congregation

jer pola zajednice

were Christians, Jews, Buddhists, atheists,

su bili Kršćani, Židovi, Budisti, ateisti,

people of faith and no faith,

ljudi vjere i bez vjere,

koji nisu došli da nas napadnu, već da stoje u solidarnosti s nama.

who had come not to attack us, but to stand in solidarity with us.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)

I just break down at this time.

Tada sam se jednostavno slomila.

These people were there because they chose courage and compassion

Ti ljudi su bili tamo jer su izabrali hrabrost i suosjećanje

over panic and prejudice.

umjesto panike i predrasuda.

What will you choose?

Što ćete vi odabrati?

Što ćete vi odabrati u ovom trenutku straha i predrasuda?

What will you choose at this time of fear and bigotry?

Will you play it safe?

Hoćete li igrati na sigurno?

Or will you join those who say

Ili ćete se pridružiti onima koji kažu

we are better than that?

mi smo bolji od toga?

Thank you.

Hvala vam.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)

Thank you so much.

Hvala vam puno.

Helen Walters: So Dalia, you seem to have struck a chord.

Helen Walters: Dakle Dalia, čini se da si pogodila u žicu.

But I wonder,

Ali, pitam se,

what would you say to those who might argue

što bi rekla onima koji bi mogli tvrditi

that you're giving a TED Talk,

da držiš govor na TED-u,

you're clearly a deep thinker,

da so dubokoumna osoba,

you work at a fancy think tank,

da radiš u otmjenom think-tanku,

you're an exception, you're not the rule.

da si iznimka, a ne pravilo.

What would you say to those people?

Što bi rekla tim ljudima?

Dalia Mogahed: I would say, don't let this stage distract you,

Dalia Mogahed: Ja bih rekla, ne dopustite ovoj pozornici da vas odvrati,

I'm completely ordinary.

ja sam potpuno normalna.

I'm not an exception.

Ja nisam iznimka.

My story is not unusual.

Moja priča nije neobična.

I am as ordinary as they come.

Ja sam kao običan da običnija ne mogu biti.

When you look at Muslims around the world --

Kada pogledate muslimane diljem svijeta --

and I've done this, I've done the largest study ever done

i ja sam to napravila, napravila sam najveće istraživanje ikada učinjeno

on Muslims around the world --

nad muslimanima diljem svijeta --

ljudi žele obične stvari.

people want ordinary things.

They want prosperity for their family,

Oni žele prosperitet za svoje obitelji,

they want jobs

oni žele radna mjesta

and they want to live in peace.

i oni žele živjeti u miru.

So I am not in any way an exception.

Tako da ja nisam ni u kojem smislu, iznimka.

When you meet people who seem like an exception to the rule,

Kada susretne ljude koji se čine kao iznimka od pravila,

oftentimes it's that the rule is broken,

često je to pravilo slomljeno,

not that they're an exception to it.

a ne da su oni iznimka tog pravila.

HW: Thank you so much. Dalia Mogahed.

HW: Hvala ti puno. Dalia Mogahed.

(Pljesak)

(Applause)