What it's like to be a Muslim in America | Dalia Mogahed

譯者: Ya Ju Lee 審譯者: Adrienne Lin

What do you think when you look at me?

當你看著我的時候，你會想到什麼？

A woman of faith? An expert?

一個充滿信仰的女人？一位專家？

Maybe even a sister.

甚至可能是一位姐妹

Or oppressed,

或者，是受壓迫的

brainwashed,

被洗腦的

a terrorist.

一個恐怖份子

Or just an airport security line delay.

或者只是個造成機場安檢延遲的原因

That one's actually true.

這一個倒是真的

(Laughter)

(笑聲)

If some of your perceptions were negative, I don't really blame you.

如果你們之中有些人 對我的看法是負面的，我並不怪你

That's just how the media has been portraying

那就是媒體一直以來 對於像我這樣的人

people who look like me.

所塑造的形象

One study found

有一個研究發現

that 80 percent of news coverage about Islam and Muslims is negative.

80% 關於伊斯蘭與穆斯林的 新聞報導都是負面的

And studies show that Americans say that most don't know a Muslim.

研究也顯示多數的美國人說 他們不認識任何穆斯林

I guess people don't talk to their Uber drivers.

我猜大家大概都不會 和他們的Uber司機聊天吧

(Laughter)

(笑聲)

Well, for those of you who have never met a Muslim,

那麼，給你們之中 從來不曾遇過穆斯林的人

it's great to meet you.

很高興認識你

Let me tell you who I am.

讓我向你們介紹我是誰

I'm a mom, a coffee lover --

我是一位母親 一位咖啡愛好者

double espresso, cream on the side.

雙份濃縮，奶油放旁邊

I'm an introvert.

我是一個內向的人

我是一個想成為健身狂的人

I'm a wannabe fitness fanatic.

And I'm a practicing, spiritual Muslim.

我還是一個信奉、虔誠的穆斯林

But not like Lady Gaga says, because baby, I wasn't born this way.

但並不像女神卡卡所說的 因為親愛的，我並不是生來如此

It was a choice.

這是我自己選擇的

When I was 17, I decided to come out.

當我17歲時，我決定要公開

No, not as a gay person like some of my friends,

不，不是像我一些朋友那樣 公開自己是同性戀

but as a Muslim,

而是公開表示自己是穆斯林

and decided to start wearing the hijab, my head covering.

並且決定開始穿戴我的面紗頭巾

My feminist friends were aghast:

我的女性主義朋友都驚呆了

"Why are you oppressing yourself?"

「為什麼妳要壓迫自己？」

The funny thing was,

有趣的事情是

it was actually at that time a feminist declaration of independence

實際上，就在那時 女性主義獨立宣言的壓力

from the pressure I felt as a 17-year-old,

壓在17歲的我身上

to conform to a perfect and unattainable standard of beauty.

我得符合一個難以達到的完「美」標準

I didn't just passively accept the faith of my parents.

我並不只是消極地 接受我父母親的信仰

I wrestled with the Quran.

我鑽研可蘭經

I read and reflected and questioned and doubted

我閱讀、反思、質疑與懷疑

and, ultimately, believed.

然後，最終相信

My relationship with God -- it was not love at first sight.

我與神的關係並不是一見鍾情

It was a trust and a slow surrender

而是基於信任與逐漸的臣服

that deepened with every reading of the Quran.

隨著我每次閱讀可蘭經更加深

Its rhythmic beauty sometimes moves me to tears.

它的節奏之美 有時候使我感動落淚

I see myself in it. I feel that God knows me.

我在那之中看到了自己 我覺得神認識我

Have you ever felt like someone sees you, completely understands you

你是否曾感受過 某個人看透且完全了解你

and yet loves you anyway?

但依然不計代價地愛你？

That's how it feels.

那就是我的感受

And so later, I got married,

不久之後，我結婚了

and like all good Egyptians,

就像所有模範埃及人一樣

started my career as an engineer.

開啟了工程師的職業生涯

(Laughter)

(笑聲)

I later had a child, after getting married,

我婚後生了個小孩

and I was living essentially the Egyptian-American dream.

我活在貨真價實的埃及-美國夢裡

And then that terrible morning of September, 2001.

然後那個恐怖的早晨到來，2001年9月

I think a lot of you probably remember exactly where you were that morning.

我想你們大部分人應該都清楚記得 那個早上你們在哪裡

I was sitting in my kitchen finishing breakfast,

我當時坐在廚房吃早餐

and I look up on the screen and see the words "Breaking News."

我抬頭看電視螢幕 看到「重大新聞」幾個字

There was smoke, airplanes flying into buildings,

我看到濃煙，飛機飛入大樓

people jumping out of buildings.

人們跳出大樓

What was this?

那是怎麼回事？

An accident?

一場意外？

A malfunction?

一次故障？

My shock quickly turned to outrage.

我的震驚很快轉變成憤怒

Who would do this?

誰會做這種事？

And I switch the channel and I hear,

然後我轉台並聽到

"... Muslim terrorist ...,"

「...穆斯林恐怖分子...」

"... in the name of Islam ...,"

「...以伊斯蘭教之名...」

"... Middle-Eastern descent ...,"

「...中東襲擊...」

"... jihad ...,"

「...聖戰...」

"... we should bomb Mecca."

「...我們應該炸掉麥加...」

Oh my God.

我的天啊

Not only had my country been attacked,

不僅是我的國家遭到攻擊了

but in a flash,

而且在轉瞬間

somebody else's actions had turned me from a citizen

因為別人的舉動

使我從一位公民淪為嫌疑犯

to a suspect.

That same day, we had to drive across Middle America

就在那同一天 我們必須開車越過美國中部

to move to a new city to start grad school.

搬到一個新的城市，開始上碩士學院

And I remember sitting in the passenger seat

我記得坐在副駕駛座

as we drove in silence,

當時我們在車上沉默不語

crouched as low as I could go in my seat,

我盡可能縮進我的座位

for the first time in my life, afraid for anyone to know I was a Muslim.

人生第一次，我害怕 有人知道我是穆斯林

We moved into our apartment that night in a new town

我們那天晚上搬進了新城鎮的公寓

in what felt like a completely different world.

那感覺就像是一個完全不同的世界

And then I was hearing and seeing and reading

然後，我聽到、看到跟讀到

warnings from national Muslim organizations

來自全國穆斯林組織的警告

saying things like, "Be alert," "Be aware,"

說「要警覺」、「要小心」

"Stay in well-lit areas," "Don't congregate."

「待在燈火通明的地區」 「不要聚集」

I stayed inside all week.

我一整個星期都待在家裡

And then it was Friday that same week,

然後是那一週的星期五

the day that Muslims congregate for worship.

穆斯林會聚在一起做禮拜的日子

And again the warnings were, "Don't go that first Friday,

然後再一次，警告又說 「第一個星期五不要去了

it could be a target."

可能會成為目標。」

And I was watching the news, wall-to-wall coverage.

我看著新聞，大量的報導

Emotions were so raw, understandably,

情緒是那麼地激昂、可以理解的

and I was also hearing about attacks on Muslims,

我也聽到對穆斯林的攻擊

or people who were perceived to be Muslim, being pulled out

或者被認為是穆斯林的人

被拉出家門並在街上被毆打

and beaten in the street.

Mosques were actually firebombed.

有人朝清真寺丟汽油彈

And I thought, we should just stay home.

所以我想，我們應該待在家裡

And yet, something didn't feel right.

然而，有些事感覺不太對勁

Because those people who attacked our country

因為那些攻擊「我們國家」的人

attacked our country.

攻擊了「我們的國家」

I get it that people were angry at the terrorists.

我了解大家為什麼 對恐怖份子感到憤怒

Guess what? So was I.

你猜怎麼樣？我也是

And so to have to explain yourself all the time isn't easy.

必須要一直為自己解釋，並不容易

I don't mind questions. I love questions.

我不介意有疑問，我熱愛疑問

It's the accusations that are tough.

然而，很難熬的是那些指控

Today we hear people actually saying things like,

現在我們聽到人們真的會說

"There's a problem in this country, and it's called Muslims.

「這個國家有一個問題，叫穆斯林」

When are we going to get rid of them?"

「我們什麼時候才要擺脫他們？」

So, some people want to ban Muslims and close down mosques.

所以，有些人想要驅逐穆斯林 並且關閉清真寺

They talk about my community kind of like we're a tumor

他們談論我的社區 好像我們是某種腫瘤

in the body of America.

長在美國的身體裡

And the only question is, are we malignant or benign?

而唯一的問題是 我們是惡性還是良性的呢？

You know, a malignant tumor you extract altogether,

你懂的，一個惡性的腫瘤 你會把它斬草除根

and a benign tumor you just keep under surveillance.

而一個良性的腫瘤 你只會把它留下察看

The choices don't make sense, because it's the wrong question.

這些選項並不合理 因為這是一個錯誤的問題

Muslims, like all other Americans, aren't a tumor in the body of America,

穆斯林，就像其他的美國人 不是美國身體裡的一顆腫瘤

we're a vital organ.

我們是一個重要的器官

(Applause)

(掌聲)

Thank you.

謝謝

(Applause)

(掌聲)

Muslims are inventors and teachers,

穆斯林是發明家跟老師

first responders and Olympic athletes.

急救人員與奧運選手

Now, is closing down mosques going to make America safer?

那麼，關閉清真寺 真的會讓美國更安全嗎？

It might free up some parking spots,

這或許會空出一些停車位置

but it will not end terrorism.

但不會終結恐怖主義

Going to a mosque regularly is actually linked

定期去清真寺實際上

to having more tolerant views of people of other faiths

能使人對於不同信仰的信徒 有更多包容的觀點

and greater civic engagement.

並且促進公民參與

And as one police chief in the Washington, DC area

某位華盛頓特區的警察局長

recently told me,

最近告訴我

people don't actually get radicalized at mosques.

人們並不是真的在清真寺裡 成為激進份子

They get radicalized in their basement or bedroom, in front of a computer.

他們是在地下室 或臥室的電腦前，成為偏激份子

And what you find about the radicalization process

而你會發現，激進化過程

is it starts online,

是從網路開始

but the first thing that happens

但在這之前會發生的事情是

is the person gets cut off from their community,

那個人會先與自己的社區做切割

from even their family,

甚至是與家人產生隔離

so that the extremist group can brainwash them

好讓極端組織能對他們洗腦

into believing that they, the terrorists, are the true Muslims,

使他們相信 恐怖份子他們，才是真正的穆斯林

and everyone else who abhors their behavior and ideology

而任何厭惡他們行為或理念的人

are sellouts or apostates.

都是叛徒或變節者

So if we want to prevent radicalization,

所以如果我們想要避免激進化

we have to keep people going to the mosque.

我們必須讓人持續去清真寺

Now, some will still argue Islam is a violent religion.

雖然仍有些人認為 伊斯蘭是一個暴力的宗教

After all, a group like ISIS bases its brutality on the Quran.

畢竟，像 ISIS 那樣的組織 將其暴行建立在可蘭經之上

Now, as a Muslim, as a mother, as a human being,

然而，身為穆斯林 身為母親，身為人

I think we need to do everything we can to stop a group like ISIS.

我認為我們必須盡一切努力 去阻止像 ISIS 那樣的組織

But we would be giving in to their narrative

但是我們會正中他們的下懷

if we cast them as representatives of a faith of 1.6 billion people.

如果我們將他們視為 一個有16億人信仰的代表

(Applause)

(掌聲)

Thank you.

謝謝

ISIS has as much to do with Islam

ISIS 與伊斯蘭教的關係

as the Ku Klux Klan has to do with Christianity.

就像 3K 黨與基督教一樣

(Applause)

(掌聲)

Both groups claim to base their ideology on their holy book.

這兩個組織都宣稱他們的思想體系 是建立在他們的聖典之上

But when you look at them, they're not motivated

但是，當你觀察他們 激勵他們這些行為的

by what they read in their holy book.

不是來自他們從聖典中所讀到的

It's their brutality that makes them read these things into the scripture.

是他們的殘暴 使他們將暴行讀入經典之中

Recently, a prominent imam told me a story that really took me aback.

最近，一位傑出的教長 說了一個使我吃驚的故事

He said that a girl came to him

他說有一個女孩來找他

because she was thinking of going to join ISIS.

因為她在考慮加入 ISIS

And I was really surprised and asked him,

我非常驚訝，並問他

had she been in contact with a radical religious leader?

她是否與激進的宗教領導接觸過？

And he said the problem was quite the opposite,

而他說問題其實正好相反

that every cleric that she had talked to had shut her down

每個與她相談的神職人員 都拒絕了她

and said that her rage, her sense of injustice in the world,

並說她的憤怒、她對世界不公的感受

was just going to get her in trouble.

都只會為她帶來麻煩

And so with nowhere to channel and make sense of this anger,

由於無處可以抒發 無法理解這股憤怒

she was a prime target to be exploited

她成為極端份子利用的主要目標

by extremists promising her a solution.

藉由應許她一個解決之道

What this imam did was to connect her back to God and to her community.

這位教長所做的 是使她重回真主與她的社區之中

He didn't shame her for her rage -- instead, he gave her constructive ways

他沒有因為她的憤怒而責備她 相反的，他給她有建設性的方向

to make real change in the world.

來為這個世界做些真正的改變

What she learned at that mosque prevented her from going to join ISIS.

她從清真寺中所學到的 阻止了她加入 ISIS

I've told you a little bit

我已經告訴了你們一些

about how Islamophobia affects me and my family.

伊斯蘭恐懼症如何影響我和家人的事

But how does it impact ordinary Americans?

但伊斯蘭恐懼症又是如何 影響一般美國民眾呢？

How does it impact everyone else?

它是如何影響其他人？

How does consuming fear 24 hours a day affect the health of our democracy,

一天24小時都活在恐懼的吞噬下 是如何影響我們民主制度的健全？

the health of our free thought?

我們自由思想的健全？

Well, one study -- actually, several studies in neuroscience --

一項研究... 事實上 有好幾項神經學的研究都指出

show that when we're afraid, at least three things happen.

當我們害怕時，至少會出現三個現象

We become more accepting of authoritarianism,

我們會變得更容易接受威權

conformity and prejudice.

順從，與偏見

One study showed that when subjects were exposed to news stories

一項研究顯示 當受實驗者越大量接收到

與穆斯林相關的負面新聞時

that were negative about Muslims,

they became more accepting of military attacks on Muslim countries

他們便越能接受 對穆斯林國家的軍事攻擊

and policies that curtail the rights of American Muslims.

以及限制美國穆斯林權利的政策

Now, this isn't just academic.

不僅僅是學術上的研究

When you look at when anti-Muslim sentiment spiked

當你觀察反穆斯林情結激升

between 2001 and 2013,

在 2001 到 2013 年之間

it happened three times,

就發生了三次

but it wasn't around terrorist attacks.

但並不是發生在恐怖攻擊前後

It was in the run up to the Iraq War and during two election cycles.

而是在發起伊拉克戰爭前 和兩次選舉期間

So Islamophobia isn't just the natural response to Muslim terrorism

因此，伊斯蘭恐懼症並不單純 只是對穆斯林恐怖主義的反應

as I would have expected.

不如我預想的那樣

It can actually be a tool of public manipulation,

它實際上可以是一個政治操控的手段

eroding the very foundation of a free society,

侵蝕了一個自由社會最重要的根基

which is rational and well-informed citizens.

也就是理性與資訊充分的公民

Muslims are like canaries in the coal mine.

穆斯林就像是礦坑裡的金絲雀

We might be the first to feel it,

我們或許是第一個感受到的

but the toxic air of fear is harming us all.

但恐懼的毒氣卻是傷害著所有人

(Applause)

(掌聲)

And assigning collective guilt

而施加集體罪責

isn't just about having to explain yourself all the time.

不單純只是得一直為自己辯解

Deah and his wife Yusor were a young married couple

狄耶和他的太太優絲 是一對年輕的夫婦

living in Chapel Hill, North Carolina,

住在北卡羅萊納州教堂山

where they both went to school.

他們都在那裡念書

Deah was an athlete.

狄耶是運動員

He was in dental school, talented, promising ...

他就讀牙醫學院 富有天份，有著大好前程

And his sister would tell me that he was the sweetest,

他的姊姊會告訴我

他是她所認識最貼心、無私的人

most generous human being she knew.

She was visiting him there and he showed her his resume,

她去他家做客 他拿履歷給姊姊看時

and she was amazed.

她大吃一驚

She said, "When did my baby brother become such an accomplished young man?"

她說：「我的小弟什麼時候 變成一位如此有為的青年了？」

Just a few weeks after Suzanne's visit to her brother and his new wife,

就在蘇珊拜訪她弟弟 與新婚妻子的幾週之後

their neighbor,

他們的鄰居

Craig Stephen Hicks,

奎格‧史蒂芬‧希克斯

murdered them,

殺了他們

as well as Yusor's sister, Razan, who was visiting for the afternoon,

以及優絲的姊妹若珊 她下午去做客

in their apartment,

就在他們的公寓裡

execution style,

他以處決的形式殺死他們

after posting anti-Muslim statements on his Facebook page.

在這之前，他上臉書 發表了反穆斯林言論

He shot Deah eight times.

他向狄耶開了八槍

So bigotry isn't just immoral, it can even be lethal.

偏執不僅是邪惡的 還有可能是致命的

So, back to my story.

那麼，回到我的故事

What happened after 9/11?

在 911 之後發生了什麼事？

Did we go to the mosque or did we play it safe and stay home?

我們有去清真寺嗎？ 還是我們為了安全留在家裡？

Well, we talked it over,

嗯，我們討論了一下

and it might seem like a small decision, but to us,

而這看起來可能只是一個小的決定 但是對我們來說

it was about what kind of America we wanted to leave for our kids:

這是關於我們想要留給孩子 什麼樣的美國

one that would control us by fear

是一個可以藉由恐懼控制我們的國家

or one where we were practicing our religion freely.

還是一個我們能有自由信仰宗教的國家

So we decided to go to the mosque.

所以我們決定去清真寺

And we put my son in his car seat,

我們把兒子放在安全座椅上

buckled him in, and we drove silently, intensely, to the mosque.

為他繫上安全帶 我們安靜、嚴肅地開往清真寺

I took him out, I took off my shoes, I walked into the prayer hall

我抱他出來，脫掉我的鞋子 走進禮拜殿

and what I saw made me stop.

而我所見到的，使我停下腳步

The place was completely full.

禮拜殿擠滿了人

And then the imam made an announcement,

然後教長做了個開場

thanking and welcoming our guests,

感謝與歡迎我們的客人

because half the congregation

因為有半數的會眾

were Christians, Jews, Buddhists, atheists,

是基督徒、猶太教徒 佛教徒與無神論者

people of faith and no faith,

有信仰與沒有信仰的人

who had come not to attack us, but to stand in solidarity with us.

他們並不是來攻擊我們 而是來與我們團結一致

(Applause)

(掌聲)

I just break down at this time.

我在那個當下崩潰了

These people were there because they chose courage and compassion

那些人到那裡 因為他們選擇了勇氣與關懷

over panic and prejudice.

而非恐慌與偏見

What will you choose?

你會怎麼選擇？

What will you choose at this time of fear and bigotry?

在這個恐懼與偏執的時候 你會怎麼選擇？

Will you play it safe?

你會打安全牌

Or will you join those who say

或是你會加入那些

we are better than that?

站出來說「我們理智多了」的人？

Thank you.

謝謝

(Applause)

(掌聲)

Thank you so much.

非常謝謝

Helen Walters: So Dalia, you seem to have struck a chord.

海倫．華特：達莉亞 你顯然打動了觀眾

But I wonder,

但是我好奇

what would you say to those who might argue

對那些認為

that you're giving a TED Talk,

你都能受邀來 TED 演講

you're clearly a deep thinker,

你明顯是個有深度的思考家

you work at a fancy think tank,

你在一間高級的智庫工作

you're an exception, you're not the rule.

所以你是例外，你不是通例

What would you say to those people?

你會對那些人說什麼？

Dalia Mogahed: I would say, don't let this stage distract you,

達莉亞．墨訶：我會說 不要讓這個舞台誤導你

I'm completely ordinary.

我非常平凡

I'm not an exception.

我不是例外

My story is not unusual.

我的故事並不稀奇

I am as ordinary as they come.

我真是平凡到不行

When you look at Muslims around the world --

當你看看全世界的穆斯林...

and I've done this, I've done the largest study ever done

我曾這麼做過 我做了有史以來最大的研究

on Muslims around the world --

探討全世界的穆斯林

people want ordinary things.

大家只想要平凡的事物

They want prosperity for their family,

他們想要家庭繁榮

they want jobs

他們想要好好工作

and they want to live in peace.

他們想要活在和平之中

So I am not in any way an exception.

所以在任何一個方面 我都不是例外

When you meet people who seem like an exception to the rule,

當你遇到某些人看起來 像是體制上的例外時

oftentimes it's that the rule is broken,

通常是那個體制有問題

not that they're an exception to it.

而非他們是例外

HW: Thank you so much. Dalia Mogahed.

海倫：非常謝謝你，達莉亞．墨訶

(Applause)

(掌聲)