Gary Lauder's new traffic sign: Take Turns

50,225 views ・ 2010-03-09

TED


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Prevodilac: Ivana Korom Lektor: Sandra Gojic
00:15
I only have three minutes
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Imam samo tri minuta
00:17
so I'm going to have to talk fast, and it will
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pa moram brzo da pričam i to će
00:19
use up your spare mental cycles, so multitasking may be hard.
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opteretiti vaš mozak - multitasking može biti naporan.
00:23
So, 27 years ago I got a traffic ticket
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Dakle, pre 27 godina dobio sam saobraćajnu kaznu
00:25
that got me thinking.
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zbog koje sam se zamislio.
00:27
I've had some time to think it over.
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Imao sam neko vreme da promislim o tome.
00:29
And energy efficiency is more than just
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Kod uštede energije ne radi se
00:31
about the vehicle --
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samo o vozilu.
00:33
it's also about the road.
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Radi se i o putu.
00:35
Road design makes a difference, particularly intersections,
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Izgled puta ima uticaja, naročito raskrsnice,
00:37
of which there are two types: signalized
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kojih postoji dve vrste: sa signalizacijom
00:39
and unsignalized, which means stop signs.
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i bez, što znači sa stop znacima.
00:41
Fifty percent of crashes happen at intersections.
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Pola sudara desi se na raskrsnicama.
00:43
Roundabouts are much better.
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Kružni tokovi su mnogo bolji.
00:45
A study of 24 intersections
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Studija o 24 raskrsnice
00:47
has found crashes drop 40 percent
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pokazala je da se sudari smanje za 40%
00:50
from when you convert a traffic light into a roundabout.
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kada se raskrsnica sa semaforom pretvori u kružni tok.
00:53
Injury crashes have dropped 76 percent,
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Sudari sa povredama smanjili su se za 76%.
00:56
fatal crashes down 90 percent.
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Smrtne nesreće smanjile su se za 90%.
00:58
But that's just safety.
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Ali to je samo bezbednost.
01:00
What about time and gas?
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Šta je sa vremenom i gorivom?
01:02
So, traffic keeps flowing, so that means less braking,
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Znači, saobraćaj teče, to znači manje kočenja,
01:04
which means less accelerating, less gas and less pollution,
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što znači manje ubrzavanja, manje goriva i manje zagađenja,
01:07
less time wasted,
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manje protraćenog vremena,
01:09
and that partly accounts for Europe's better efficiency
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a time se objašnjava bolja efikasnost u Evropi,
01:11
than we have in the United States.
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nego što je kod nas u Sjedinjenim Državama.
01:13
So, unsignalized intersections,
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Dakle, raskrsnice bez signalizacije,
01:15
meaning stop signs, they save many lives,
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one sa stop znacima, spašavaju mnoge živote,
01:17
but there's an excessive proliferation of them.
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ali je došlo do njihovog prekomernog širenja.
01:19
Small roundabouts are starting to appear.
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Pojavljuju se mali kružni tokovi.
01:22
This is one in my neighborhood. And they are
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Ovo je jedna u mom kraju. One su
01:25
much better -- better than traffic lights, better than four-way stop signs.
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mnogo bolje - bolje od semafora, bolje od stop znakova.
01:28
They're expensive to install,
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Skupe su za izgradnju,
01:30
but they are more expensive not to. So, we should look at that.
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ali još je skuplje ne graditi ih. Trebalo bi tako da gledamo.
01:33
But they are not applicable in all situations.
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Ali nisu primenjive u svim situacijama.
01:34
So, take, for example, the three-way intersection.
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Uzmite, na primer, ukrštanje 3 puta.
01:37
So, it's logical that you'd have one there,
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Logično je da će biti jedna tamo,
01:39
on the minor road entering the major.
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gde se manji put ukršta sa većim.
01:41
But the other two are somewhat questionable.
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Ali druge dve su prilično diskutabilne.
01:44
So, here's one. There's another one which I studied.
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Evo jedne. Evo još jedne koju sam proučavao.
01:46
Cars rarely appear on that third road.
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Kola se retko pojavljuju na tom trećem putu.
01:49
And so, the question is, what does that cost us?
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Pitanje je, koliko nas to košta?
01:51
That intersection I looked at had about 3,000
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Raskrsnicom koju sam ja posmatrao prođe oko 3000
01:53
cars per day in each direction,
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automobila dnevno u oba pravca,
01:55
and so that's two ounces of gas to accelerate out of.
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i to je oko 60ml goriva da se prođe kroz nju.
01:57
That's five cents each, and times 3,000 cars per day,
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To je 5 centi po kolima, puta 3000 kola dnevno
01:59
that's $51,000 per year.
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to je 51.000$ godišnje.
02:02
That's just the gasoline cost. There is also pollution,
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To je samo za benzin. A tu je još i zagađenje,
02:04
wear on the car, and time.
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trošenje automobila i vreme.
02:06
What's that time worth?
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Koliko je vredno to vreme?
02:08
Well, at 10 seconds per 3,000 cars,
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Pa, 10 sekundi puta 3000 automobila,
02:10
that's 8.3 hours per day. The average wage in the U.S.
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to je 8.3h dnevno. Prosećna cena sata u Americi
02:12
is $20 an hour. That is 60,000 per year.
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je 20$. To je 60.000$ godišnje.
02:16
Add that together with the gas, and it's $112,000 per year,
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Zajedno sa gorivom, to je 112.000$ godišnje
02:19
just for that sign in each direction.
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samo za taj znak u oba pravca.
02:21
Discount that back to the present, at five percent:
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Izračunajte to danas, sa 5%:
02:23
over two million dollars
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preko dva miliona dolara
02:26
for a stop sign, in each direction.
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za stop znak, u oba pravca.
02:29
Now, if you look at what that adjacent property is worth,
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Ako pogledate koliko je vredno to susedno imanje,
02:33
you could actually buy the property,
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mogli biste da kupite to imanje,
02:35
cut down the shrubbery to improve the sight line,
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posečete žbunje da popravite preglednost
02:38
and then sell it off again.
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i onda ga opet prodate.
02:40
And you'd still come out ahead.
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I opet biste bili na dobitku.
02:42
So, it makes one wonder, "Why is it there?"
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Tako se zapitate, "Zašto to postoji?"
02:44
I mean, why is there that stop sign in each direction?
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Mislim, zašto postoji stop znak u oba pravca?
02:47
Because it is saving lives. So, is there a better way to accomplish that goal?
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Zato što spašava živote. Postoji li bolji način da se to postigne?
02:50
The answer is to enable cars
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Odgovor je da omogućimo automobilima
02:52
to come in from that side road safely.
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da bezbedno priđu sa tog sporednog puta.
02:54
Because there are a lot of people who might live up there
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Mnogo ljudi možda živi tamo
02:56
and if they're waiting forever a long queue could form
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i ako čekaju doveka, može se napraviti dug red
02:58
because the cars aren't slowing down on the main road.
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jer automobili ne usporavaju na glavnom putu.
03:01
Can that be accomplished with existing signs?
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Može li se to postići postojećim znacima?
03:03
So, there is a long history of stop signs and yield signs.
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Duga je istorija stop znakova i trouglova.
03:06
Stop signs were invented in 1915,
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Stop znak izmišljen je 1915.
03:08
yield signs in 1950. But that's all we got.
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Trougao 1950. Ali to je sve što imamo.
03:11
So, why not use a yield sign?
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Zašto ne bismo onda koristili trougao?
03:13
Well the meaning of yield is: You must yield the right-of-way.
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Jer značenje trougla je: nailazite na put sa pravom prvenstva.
03:16
That means that if there are five cars waiting, you have to wait
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To znači da ako petoro kola čeka, morate sa sačekate
03:18
till they all go, then you go. It lacks the notion
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dok svi oni prođu, onda krećete. Nedostaje ideja
03:20
of alternating, or taking turns,
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smenjivanja ili naizmeničnog kretanja.
03:22
and it's always on the minor road,
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I uvek je na manjem putu,
03:24
allowing the major one to have primacy.
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dajući većem pravo prvenstva.
03:26
So, it's hard to create a new meaning for the existing sign.
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Znači, teško je stvoriti novo značenje za postojeći znak.
03:28
You couldn't suddenly tell everyone, "OK, remember
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Ne možete odjednom reći svima, "Ok, sećate se
03:30
what you used to do at yield signs? Now do something different."
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šta znači trougao? Sad uradite nešto drugo."
03:32
That would not work.
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To ne bi išlo.
03:34
So, what the world needs now
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Ono što je svetu potrebno sada
03:36
is a new type of sign.
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je nova vrsta znaka.
03:38
(Applause)
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(aplauz)
03:42
So, you'd have a little instruction below it,
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Imali biste malo uputstvo ispod,
03:45
you know, for those who didn't see the public service announcements.
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znate, za one koji nisu videli javno obaveštenje.
03:47
And it merges the stop sign and yield signs.
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Ovaj znak objedinjuje stop i trougao.
03:50
It's kind of shaped like a T, as in taking turns.
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Oblikovan je kao slovo T (taking turns - smenjivanje).
03:52
And uncertainty results in caution.
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A nesigurnost za posledicu ima obazrivost.
03:55
When people come to an unfamiliar situation they don't know how to deal with
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Kada se ljudi nađu u nepoznatoj situaciji u kojoj ne znaju šta da rade,
03:57
they slow down.
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oni uspore.
03:59
So, now that you are all "Road Scholars" ...
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Sada pošto ste svi saobraćajno obrazovani...
04:01
(Laughter)
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(smeh)
04:02
don't wait for that sign to be adopted, these things don't change quickly.
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nemojte čekati da se taj znak usvoji, ove stvari se ne menjaju brzo.
04:05
But you all are members of communities,
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Ali svi ste članovi zajednica
04:07
and you can exercise your community influence
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i možete vežbati svoj uticaj u zajednici
04:09
to create more sensible traffic flows.
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kako biste stvorili razumnije tokove saobraćaja.
04:11
And you can have more impact on the environment
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I možete imati veći uticaj na okolinu
04:13
just getting your neighborhood to change these things
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samo menjanjem ovih stvari u svom kraju,
04:15
than by changing your vehicle. Thank you very much.
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nego menjanjem vozila. Hvala vam mnogo.
04:18
(Applause)
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(aplauz)
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