The silent drama of photography | Sebastião Salgado

Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast

Prevodilac: Tereza Ivanovic Lektor: Mile Živković

I'm not sure that every person here

Nisam siguran da li je svaka osoba ovde

is familiar with my pictures.

upoznata sa mojim slikama.

I want to start to show just a few pictures to you,

Želim da počnem tako što ću vam pokazati nekoliko slika,

and after I'll speak.

a posle toga ću govoriti.

I must speak to you a little bit of my history,

Moram da ispričam ponešto o svom životu

because we'll be speaking on this

jer će se to provlačiti

during my speech here.

kroz moj govor.

I was born in 1944 in Brazil,

Rođen sam 1944. u Brazilu,

in the times that Brazil was not yet a market economy.

u vreme kada u Brazilu još nije bilo tržišne ekonomije.

I was born on a farm,

Rođen sam na farmi

a farm that was more than 50 percent rainforest [still].

koja je više od 50% bila pod kišnom šumom.

A marvelous place.

Divno mesto.

I lived with incredible birds, incredible animals,

Živeo sam sa neverovatnim pticama i životinjama,

I swam in our small rivers with our caimans.

plivao u našim malim rekama sa kajmanima.

It was about 35 families that lived on this farm,

Oko 35 porodica je živelo na ovoj farmi

and everything that we produced on this farm, we consumed.

i sve što smo na njoj proizvodili sami smo trošili.

Very few things went to the market.

Samo bismo ponešto prodavali na pijaci.

Once a year, the only thing that went to the market

Jednom godišnje, jedino što smo prodavali

was the cattle that we produced,

bila je stoka koju smo gajili,

and we made trips of about 45 days

i tada smo putovali oko 45 dana

to reach the slaughterhouse,

da bismo stigli do klanice,

bringing thousands of head of cattle,

vodeći hiljade grla,

and about 20 days traveling back

i oko 20 dana nazad

to reach our farm again.

do naše farme.

When I was 15 years old,

Kada sam imao 15 godina

it was necessary for me to leave this place

morao sam da napustim ovo mesto

and go to a town a little bit bigger -- much bigger --

i odem u malo veći grad - puno veći -

where I did the second part of secondary school.

gde sam završio drugu polovinu srednje škole.

There I learned different things.

Tamo sam naučio svašta.

Brazil was starting to urbanize, industrialize,

Brazil je počeo da se urbanizuje, industrijalizuje,

and I knew the politics. I became a little bit radical,

i poznavao sam politiku. Postao sam pomalo radikalan,

I was a member of leftist parties,

bio sam član levičarskih partija

and I became an activist.

i postao aktivista.

I [went to] university to become an economist.

Krenuo sam na fakultet da bih postao ekonomista,

I [did] a master's degree in economics.

i diplomirao sam ekonomiju.

And the most important thing in my life

Najvažnija stvar u mom životu

also happened in this time.

dogodila se tada.

I met an incredible girl

Upoznao sam jednu neverovatnu devojku

who became my lifelong best friend,

koje je postala moj doživotni najbolji prijatelj

and my associate in everything that I have done till now,

i moj saradnik u svemu što sam do sad uradio,

my wife, Lélia Wanick Salgado.

ona je moja supruga, Lejla Venik Salgado.

Brazil radicalized very strongly.

Brazil se brzo radikalizovao.

We fought very hard against the dictatorship,

Oštro smo se borili protiv diktatorstva,

in a moment it was necessary to us:

to nam je bilo neophodno.

Either go into clandestinity with weapons in hand,

Ili da odemo u ilegalu sa oružjem u ruci

or leave Brazil. We were too young,

ili da napustimo Brazil. Bili smo premladi.

and our organization thought it was better for us to go out,

Naša organizacija je mislila da je bolje da odemo

and we went to France,

i otišli smo u Francusku

where I did a PhD in economics,

gde sam završio za doktora ekonomije.

Léila became an architect.

Lejla je postala arhitekta.

I worked after for an investment bank.

Radio sam za jednu investicionu banku.

We made a lot of trips, financed development,

Mnogo smo putovali, finansirali razvoj,

economic projects in Africa with the World Bank.

ekonomske projekte u Africi sa Svetskom bankom.

And one day photography made a total invasion in my life.

Jednog dana fotografija mi je totalno osvojila život.

I became a photographer,

Postao sam fotograf,

abandoned everything and became a photographer,

napustio sam sve i postao fotograf,

and I started to do the photography

počeo sam da fotografišem

that was important for me.

ono što mi je bilo važno.

Many people tell me that you are a photojournalist,

Mnogi mi kažu da sam fotoreporter,

that you are an anthropologist photographer,

da sam fotograf-antropolog,

that you are an activist photographer.

da sam fotograf-aktivista.

But I did much more than that.

Ali ja sam učinio mnogo više od toga.

I put photography as my life.

Fotografiju sam poistovetio sa svojim životom.

I lived totally inside photography

Živeo sam skroz za fotografiju,

doing long term projects,

radio sam duge projekte,

and I want to show you just a few pictures

i želim da vam pokažem još nekoliko slika

of -- again, you'll see inside the social projects,

videćete društvene projekte,

that I went to, I published many books

zatim sam izdao mnogo knjiga

on these photographs,

o ovim fotografijama

but I'll just show you a few ones now.

a sada ćete ih videti samo nekoliko.

In the '90s, from 1994 to 2000,

Devedesetih godina, od 1994. do 2000.,

I photographed a story called Migrations.

fotografisao sam priču nazvanu Migracije.

It became a book. It became a show.

Postala je knjiga. Postao je šou.

But during the time that I was photographing this,

Za vreme dok sam ovo snimao

I lived through a very hard moment in my life, mostly in Rwanda.

proživljavao sam teške trenutke u svom životu, uglavnom u Ruandi.

I saw in Rwanda total brutality.

U Ruandi sam video totalnu brutalnost.

I saw deaths by thousands per day.

Video sam hiljade smrti dnevno.

I lost my faith in our species.

Izgubio sam veru u ljudsku rasu.

I didn't believe that it was possible for us to live any longer,

Nisam verovao da je moguće i dalje živeti,

and I started to be attacked by my own Staphylococcus.

a napale su me i stafilokoke.

I started to have infection everywhere.

Bio sam skroz inficiran.

When I made love with my wife, I had no sperm that came out of me;

Tokom odnosa sa ženom nije mi izlazila sperma

I had blood.

nego krv.

I went to see a friend's doctor in Paris,

Otišao sam kod doktora u Pariz

told him that I was completely sick.

i rekao mu da sam sasvim bolestan.

He made a long examination, and told me, "Sebastian,

Dugo me je ispitivao i rekao mi: "Sebastijane,

you are not sick, your prostate is perfect.

ti nisi bolestan, tvoja prostata je savršena.

What happened is, you saw so many deaths that you are dying.

Desilo se to, da si video toliko smrti, da sada i ti umireš.

You must stop. Stop.

Moraš prestati. Prestani.

You must stop because on the contrary, you will be dead."

Moraš prestati, inače ćeš umreti."

And I made the decision to stop.

I rešio sam da prestanem.

I was really upset with photography,

Fotografisanje me je zaista uznemiravalo,

with everything in the world,

i sve na svetu,

and I made the decision to go back to where I was born.

i rešio sam da se vratim tamo gde sam se rodio.

It was a big coincidence.

To je bila velika koincidencija.

It was the moment that my parents became very old.

To je bilo vreme kada su mi roditelji ostarili.

I have seven sisters. I'm one of the only men in my family,

Imam sedam sestara. Jedini sam muškarac u porodici

and they made together the decision

i ostali su zajedno odlučili

to transfer this land to Léila and myself.

da prepišu imanje Lejli i meni.

When we received this land, this land was as dead as I was.

Kada sam dobio zemlju, ona je bila mrtva, kao što sam i ja bio mrtav.

When I was a kid, it was more than 50 percent rainforest.

Kada sam bio dete, više od 50% je bila kišna šuma.

When we received the land,

Kada smo dobili tu zemlju,

it was less than half a percent rainforest,

na celom području je bilo

as in all my region.

manje od pola procenta kišnih šuma.

To build development, Brazilian development,

Zbog razvoja, razvoja Brazila,

we destroyed a lot of our forest.

mnogo smo naših šuma uništili.

As you did here in the United States,

Isto kao što ste i vi ovde, u Sjedinjenim Državama,

or you did in India, everywhere in this planet.

ili u Indiji i svuda u svetu.

To build our development,

Zbog razvoja

we come to a huge contradiction

došli smo u kontradikciju

that we destroy around us everything.

i uništili sve oko sebe.

This farm that had thousands of head of cattle

Na ovoj farmi je bilo hiljade grla stoke,

had just a few hundreds,

a sad samo nekoliko stotina

and we didn't know how to deal with these.

i nismo znali šta da radimo.

And Léila came up with an incredible idea, a crazy idea.

Lejli je sinula jedna neverovatna, luda ideja.

She said, why don't you put back the rainforest that was here before?

Zašto ne bismo povratili kišnu šumu koja je ovde postojala?

You say that you were born in paradise.

Rekao si da si rođen u raju.

Let's build the paradise again.

Hajde da ponovo stvorimo raj.

And I went to see a good friend

Posetio sam jednog dobrog prijatelja,

that was engineering forests

inženjera šumarstva,

to prepare a project for us,

da nam spremi projekat

and we started. We started to plant, and this

i tako smo počeli. Započeli smo sadnju i te prve godine

first year we lost a lot of trees, second year less,

izgubili smo mnogo drveća, sledeće godine već manje,

and slowly, slowly this dead land started to be born again.

i polako, ova mrtva zemlja se ponovo rađala.

We started to plant hundreds of thousands of trees,

Sadili smo stotine hiljada drveća,

only local species, only native species,

samo lokalne vrste, samo autohtone vrste,

where we built an ecosystem identical to the one that was destroyed,

izgradili smo ekosistem istovetan onom koji smo uništili.

and the life started to come back in an incredible way.

Život se na neverovatan način vratio.

It was necessary for us to transform our land

Bilo je potrebno da našu zemlju pretvorimo

into a national park.

u nacionalni park.

We transformed. We gave this land back to nature.

To smo i učinili. Vratili smo ovu zemlju prirodi.

It became a national park.

Postala je nacionalni park.

We created an institution called Instituto Terra,

Ustanovili smo instituciju Institutio Terra

and we built a big environmental project to raise money everywhere.

i napravili veliki projekat da bismo došli do novca.

Here in Los Angeles, in the Bay Area in San Francisco,

Ovde u Los Anđelesu, u zalivu San Franciska,

it became tax deductible in the United States.

odbijalo se od poreza.

We raised money in Spain, in Italy, a lot in Brazil.

Sakupljali smo novac u Španiji, Italiji, u Brazilu.

We worked with a lot of companies in Brazil

Sarađivali smo sa mnogim kompanijama u Brazilu.

that put money into this project, the government.

Oni, a i vlada, ulagali su novac u ovaj projekat.

And the life started to come, and I had a big wish

Ponovo sam oživeo i dobio veliku želju

to come back to photography, to photograph again.

da se vratim fotografiji, da ponovo fotografišem.

And this time, my wish was not to photograph anymore

Ovog puta nisam želeo da fotografišem

just one animal that I had photographed all my life: us.

samo jednu vrstu životinja koju sam ceo život slikao: nas.

I wished to photograph the other animals,

Želeo sam da slikam i druge životinje,

to photograph the landscapes,

da slikam pejzaže,

to photograph us, but us from the beginning,

da slikam i nas, ali nas sa početka,

the time we lived in equilibrium with nature.

iz vremena kada smo živeli u ravnoteži sa prirodom.

And I went. I started in the beginning of 2004,

Tako sam i krenuo. Počeo sam početkom 2004.

and I finished at the end of 2011.

a završio sam krajem 2011.

We created an incredible amount of pictures,

Napravili smo neverovatnu količinu slika

and the result -- Lélia did the design of all my books,

a rezultat je da je Lejla osmislila sve moje knjige

the design of all my shows. She is the creator of the shows.

i sve moje postavke. Ona je autor postavki.

And what we want with these pictures

Ovim slikama želimo

is to create a discussion about what we have that is pristine on the planet

da otvorimo raspravu o tome šta to imamo iskonsko na planeti

and what we must hold on this planet

i šta moramo sačuvati na ovoj planeti

if we want to live, to have some equilibrium in our life.

ako želimo da živimo i da imamo neku ravnotežu u životu.

And I wanted to see us

Želeo sam da se vidi

when we used, yes, our instruments in stone.

vreme kada smo koristili oruđe za kamen.

We exist yet. I was last week

Još postojimo. Prošle nedelje sam bio

at the Brazilian National Indian Foundation,

u Nacionalnoj Indijanskoj fondaciji Brazila

and only in the Amazon we have about 110 groups

i samo u području Amazona postoji 110 grupa

of Indians that are not contacted yet.

Indijanaca sa kojima još nismo uspostavili kontakt.

We must protect the forest in this sense.

U smislu ovoga moramo zaštititi šume.

And with these pictures, I hope that we can create

Pomoću ovih slika nadam se da možemo da kreiramo

information, a system of information.

sistem informacija.

We tried to do a new presentation of the planet,

Pokušali smo da prikažemo planetu na novi način

and I want to show you now just a few pictures

i sada želim da vam pokažem nekoliko slika iz

of this project, please.

ovog projekta.

Well, this — (Applause) —

Ovo - (Aplauz) -

Thank you. Thank you very much.

Hvala vam mnogo.

This is what we must fight hard

Za ovo moramo jako da se borimo

to hold like it is now.

da se održi ovako.

But there is another part that we must together rebuild,

Još nešto moramo zajedno ponovo izgraditi

to build our societies, our modern family of societies,

da izgradimo društvo, modernu porodicu društava,

we are at a point where we cannot go back.

i odavde ne možemo nazad.

But we create an incredible contradiction.

Ali mi stvaramo neverovatnu kontradiktornost.

To build all this, we destroy a lot.

Da bismo sve izgradili, mnogo uništavamo.

Our forest in Brazil, that antique forest

Naša šuma u Brazilu, ona antička šuma

that was the size of California,

koja je bila veličine Kalifornije,

is destroyed today 93 percent.

danas je 93 posto uništena.

Here, on the West Coast, you've destroyed your forest.

Ovde na Zapadnoj obali i vi ste uništili vaše šume.

Around here, no? The redwood forests are gone.

I ovde. Šume ariša su nestale.

Gone very fast, disappeared.

Veoma brzo su nestale.

Coming the other day from Atlanta, here, two days ago,

Dolazeći iz Atlante, pre dva dana,

I was flying over deserts

leteo sam preko pustinja

that we made, we provoked with our own hands.

koje smo mi napravili i izazvali svojim rukama.

India has no more trees. Spain has no more trees.

Indija nema više drveća, kao ni Španija.

And we must rebuild these forests.

Moramo da obnovimo ove šume.

That is the essence of our life, these forests.

To je srž našeg života, ove šume.

We need to breathe. The only factory

Moramo da dišemo. Jedina fabrika

capable to transform CO2 into oxygen,

koja je sposobna da pretvori ugljen-dioksid u kiseonik

are the forests.

jeste šuma.

The only machine capable to capture the carbon

Jedina mašina koja je sposobna da zarobi ugljenik

that we are producing, always,

koji stalno proizvodimo,

even if we reduce them, everything that we do, we produce CO2,

čak i kada ga smanjimo, šta god da radimo, proizvodimo ugljen-dioksid,

are the trees.

jedina mašina je drvo.

I put the question -- three or four weeks ago,

Pre tri ili četiri nedelje sam postavio pitanje -

we saw in the newspapers

u novinama smo videli

millions of fish that die in Norway.

milione mrtvih riba u Norveškoj.

A lack of oxygen in the water.

Nedostatak kiseonika u vodi.

I put to myself the question, if for a moment,

Samog sebe pitam, makar na trenutak,

we will not lack oxygen for all animal species,

ako nam bude nedostajao kiseonik za sve životinjske vrste

ours included -- that would be very complicated for us.

uključujući i našu, to bi bilo veoma komplikovano za nas.

For the water system, the trees are essential.

Drveće je veoma bitno za sistem vode.

I'll give you a small example that you'll understand very easily.

Daću vam mali primer koji ćete lako razumeti.

You happy people that have a lot of hair on your head,

Vi srećnici koji imate dosta kose na glavi,

if you take a shower, it takes you

ako se istuširate, potrebno vam je

two or three hours to dry your hair

dva ili tri sata da osušite kosu

if you don't use a dryer machine.

ukoliko ne koristite fen.

Me, one minute, it's dry. The same with the trees.

Meni treba jedan minut i suv sam. Isto je sa drvećem.

The trees are the hair of our planet.

Drveće je kosa naše planete.

When you have rain in a place that has no trees,

Kada pada kiša u mestu bez drveća,

in just a few minutes, the water arrives in the stream,

za samo nekoliko minuta, voda nadolazi u potocima

brings soil, destroying our water source,

donosi zemlju, uništava naš izvor vode,

destroying the rivers,

uništava reku

and no humidity to retain.

i vlažnost ne može da se zadrži.

When you have trees, the root system holds the water.

Kod drveća, sistem korena zadržava vodu.

All the branches of the trees, the leaves that come down

Lišće koje pada sa svih grana drveta

create a humid area,

stvara vlažnu površinu

and they take months and months under the water, go to the rivers,

i mesecima su pod vodom, odlaze do reka

and maintain our source, maintain our rivers.

i održavaju naš izvor, naše reke.

This is the most important thing,

Ovo je najvažnija stvar,

when we imagine that we need water for every activity in life.

kada shvatimo da nam je voda potrebna za svaku aktivnost u životu.

I want to show you now, to finish,

Za kraj samo želim da vam pokažem

just a few pictures that for me

nekoliko slika koje su za mene

are very important in that direction.

veoma važne u tom pravcu.

You remember that I told you,

Sećate se da sam vam rekao

when I received the farm from my parents

kada sam dobio farmu od svojih roditelja,

that was my paradise, that was the farm.

to je bila farma, moj raj.

Land completely destroyed, the erosion there, the land had dried.

Zemlja je bila potpuno uništena i isušena od erozije.

But you can see in this picture,

Ali na ovoj slici možete videti,

we were starting to construct an educational center

počeli smo da gradimo edukativni centar

that became quite a large environmental center in Brazil.

koji je postao veliki centar za zaštitu okoline u Brazilu.

But you see a lot of small spots in this picture.

Ali na ovoj slici možete videti dosta malih tačaka,

In each point of those spots, we had planted a tree.

na svakoj smo zasadili drvo.

There are thousands of trees.

Tu je na hiljade drveća.

Now I'll show you the pictures made exactly in the same point

Sada ću vam pokazati sliku nastalu sa tačno istog mesta

two months ago.

pre dva meseca.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

I told you in the beginning that it was necessary

Na početku sam vam rekao da je potrebno

for us to plant about 2.5 million trees

da zasadimo oko 2,5 miliona drveća

of about 200 different species

200 različitih vrsta

in order to rebuild the ecosystem.

kako bismo obnovili ekosistem.

And I'll show you the last picture.

Pokazaću vam poslednju sliku.

We are with two million trees in the ground now.

Sada imamo dva miliona drveća u tlu.

We are doing the sequestration

Radimo sekvestraciju

of about 100,000 tons of carbon with these trees.

oko 100 000 tona ugljenika kroz ovo drveće.

My friends, it's very easy to do. We did it, no?

Moji prijatelji, to je veoma lako. Mi smo uspeli, zar ne?

By an accident that happened to me,

Kroz nesreću koja se meni desila,

we went back, we built an ecosystem.

vratili smo se i stvorili ekosistem.

We here inside the room,

Svi mi unutar ove prostorije,

I believe that we have the same concern,

imamo isti interes

and the model that we created in Brazil,

i ovaj brazilski model

we can transplant it here.

možemo i ovde presaditi.

We can apply it everywhere around the world, no?

Može se primeniti svuda.

And I believe that we can do it together.

Mislim da zajedno možemo ovo da uradimo.

Thank you very much.

Mnogo vam hvala.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)