How policewomen make communities safer | Ivonne Roman

Lektor: Ivana Korom

I've been a police officer in an urban city

Ja sam policijska službenica u velikom gradu

for nearly 25 years.

skoro 25 godina.

That's crazy, right?

Zvuči ludo, zar ne?

And in that time, I've served in every rank,

Za to vreme služila sam u svakom rangu,

from police officer to police chief.

od policijskog službenika do upravnika policijske stanice.

A few years ago, I noticed something alarming.

Pre nekoliko godina zapazila sam nešto alarmantno.

Starting in 2014,

Počevši od 2014. godine

I started monitoring recruits

počela sam promatrati regrute

as they cycled through police academies in the state of New Jersey,

dok su prolazili kroz policijske akademije države Nju Džerzi

and I found that women were failing at rates between 65 and 80 percent,

i otkrila sam da žene padaju na testovima u 65 do 80 posto slučajeva

due to varying aspects of the physical fitness test.

zbog različitih aspekata testa fizičke spremnosti.

I learned that a change in policy

Uočila sam da je promena politike

now required recruits to pass the fitness exam

od tada zahtevala od regruta da polože test fizičke spremnosti

within 10 short workout sessions.

u okviru od 10 kratkih sesija vežbanja.

This had the greatest impact on women.

Ovo je imalo najveći uticaj na žene.

The change meant that recruits had about three weeks

Ova promena značila je da regruti imaju oko 3 nedelje

out of a five-month-long academy

od petomesečne akademije

to pass the fitness exam.

da polože test spremnosti.

This just didn't make sense, though.

Ali to jednostavno nije imalo smisla.

Police agencies and police recruits

Policijske agencije kao i sami regruti

had made huge investments to get those recruits into the academy.

napravile su ogromna ulaganja kako bi pridobile te regrute na akademiju.

Police recruits had passed lengthy background checks,

Policijski regruti prolazili su dugotrajne sigurnosne provere,

they had passed medical and psychological exams,

položili su medicinske i psihološke testove,

they had quit their jobs.

dali su otkaze na svojim poslovima.

And many had spent more than 2,000 dollars in fees and equipment

I mnogi su potrošili više od 2.000 dolara na upise i opremu

just to get kicked out within the first three weeks?

samo kako bi bili izbačeni u roku od prve tri nedelje?

The dire situation in New Jersey

Teška situacija u Nju Džerziju

podstakla me je da proučim status žena u policijskom zanimanju

led me to examine the status of women in policing

across the United States.

u celom SAD-u.

I found that women make up less than 13 percent of police officers.

Otkrila sam da je manje od 13 posto policajaca ženskog roda.

A number that hasn't changed much in the past 20 years.

Taj broj nije se puno promenio poslednjih 20 godina.

And they make up just three percent of police chiefs as of 2013,

A samo 3 posto šefova policijskih stanica su žene, prema podacima iz 2013,

the last time the data was collected.

poslednje godine kada su podaci prikupljani.

We know that we can improve those rates.

Znamo da možemo da poboljšamo te statistike.

Other countries like Canada, Australia and the UK

Druge zemlje poput Kanade, Australije ili Ujedinjenog Kraljevstva

have nearly twice the amount of policewomen.

imaju gotovo dvaput više policajki.

And New Zealand is steadily marching towards their goal

A Novi Zeland sigurno korača ka svome cilju

of recruit gender parity by 2021.

potpune polne jednakosti regruta do 2021. godine.

Other countries are actively working

Ostale zemlje aktivno rade

to increase the number of women in policing,

na povećanju broja žena u policijskom zanimanju

because they know of a vast body of research evidence,

zato što znaju za enormnu količinu istraženih dokaza,

spanning more than 50 years,

koji se protežu kroz više od 50 godina,

detailing the advantages to women in policing.

koji detaljno opisuju prednosti žena u policiji.

From that research,

Iz tih istraživanja

we know that policewomen are less likely to use force

znamo da je manja verovatnoća da policajke upotrebljavaju silu

or to be accused of excessive force.

ili da budu optužene za prekomernu upotrebu sile.

We know that policewomen are less likely to be named in a lawsuit

Znamo da je manje verovatno da će policajka biti spomenuta u tužbi

or a citizen complaint.

ili u pritužbama građana.

We know that the mere presence of a policewoman

Znamo da sama prisutnost policajki

reduces the use of force among other officers.

smanjuje upotrebu sile među ostalim službenicima.

And we know that policewomen are met with the same rates of force

I znamo da se policajke susreću s istom količinom sile

as their male counterparts, and sometimes more,

kao i njihove muške kolege, a katkad i većom,

and yet they're more successful

a ipak su uspešnije

in defusing violent or aggressive behavior overall.

u smirivanju nasilnog i agresivnog ponašanja uopšte.

So there are vast advantages to women in policing,

Tako da postoje znatne prednosti za žene u policiji,

and we're losing them to arbitrary fitness standards.

a mi ih gubimo zbog proizvoljnih standarda fizičke spremnosti.

The problem is,

Problem je u tome

the United States has nearly 18,000 police agencies --

što SAD imaju gotovo 18.000 policijskih agencija -

18,000 agencies with wildly varying fitness standards.

18.000 agencija sa vrlo raznolikim standardima za fizičku spremnost.

We know that a majority of academies rely on a masculine ideal of policing

Znamo da se većina akademija pouzda u muški ideal policije

that works to decrease the number of women in policing.

koji u praksi smanjuje broj žena u policiji.

These types of academies overemphasize physical strength,

Takve akademije prenaglašavaju fizičku snagu,

with much less attention spent to subjects like community policing,

a puno manje pažnje pridaju temama kao što su policija u zajednici,

problem-solving

rešavanje problema

and interpersonal communication skills.

i veštine međuljudske komunikacije.

This results in training that does not mirror the realities of policing.

To rezultira obrazovanjem koje ne odražava realnost policijskog posla.

Physical agility is but a small component of police work.

Fizička okretnost čini samo mali udeo policijskog posla.

Much of an officer's day is spent mediating interpersonal conflicts.

Veći deo službenikovog dana ode na posredovanje u međuljudskim konfliktima.

That's the reality of policing.

To je stvarnost policijskog posla.

These are my babies.

Ovo su moja dečica.

And we can reduce the disparity in policing

I možemo smanjiti nejednakost u policiji

by changing exams that produce disparate outcomes.

promijenom testova koji proizvode nekompatibilne rezultate.

The federal courts have stated that men and women

Savezni sudovi su utvrdili da muškarci i žene

simply are not physiologically the same

jednostavno nisu fiziološki jednaki

for the purposes of physical fitness programs.

za svrhe programa fizičke spremnosti.

And that's based on science.

A to je zasnovano na nauci.

Respected institutions that law enforcement deeply respects,

Ugledne institucije koje uživaju duboko poštovanje sektora izvršne vlasti,

like the FBI, the US Marshals Service,

FBI, Savezna policijska agencija,

the DEA and even the US military --

DEA, pa čak i američka vojska -

they rigorously test fitness programs to ensure they measure fitness

rigorozno ispituju svoje programe kako bi osigurali merenje spremnosti

without gender-disparate outcomes.

bez drastičnih razlika s obzirom na pol.

Why is that?

Zašto to rade?

Because recruiting is expensive.

Zato što je zapošljavanje skup proces.

They want to recruit and retain qualified candidates.

Žele osposobiti i zadržati kvalifikovane kandidate.

You know what else the research finds?

Znate li šta nam još ovo istraživanje otkriva?

Well-trained women are as capable as their male counterparts

Dobro trenirane žene imaju jednake sposobnosti kao muške kolege

in overall fitness,

u opštoj spremnosti,

but more importantly, in how they police.

ali što je još važnije, u načinu kako sprovode policijske zadatke.

The law-enforcement community

Zajednica izvršne vlasti

is admittedly experiencing a recruitment crisis.

priznaje da je u krizi zapošljavanja.

Yet, if they truly want to increase the number of applicants, they can.

Ipak, ako stvarno žele da podignu broj prijavljenih kandidata, mogu to postići.

We can easily recruit more women

Lako možemo regrutovati više žena

and reap all those research benefits

i pobrati sve ove blagotvorne učinke istraživanja

by training well-qualified candidates to pass validated, work-related,

osposobljavajući kvalifikovane kandidate da polože overene, s poslom povezane,

physiologically-based fitness exams,

testove spremnosti zasnovane na fiziologiji,

as required by Title VII of the Civil Rights Act.

kako propisuje odeljak VII Zakona o građanskim pravima.

We can increase the number of women,

Možemo povećati broj žena,

we can reduce that gender disparity,

možemo smanjiti nejednakost polova

by simply changing exams that produce disparate outcomes.

jednostavnim promenama u testovima koji donose znatno različite rezultate.

We have the tools.

Imamo alate za to.

We have the research, we have the science, we have the law.

Imamo podatke istraživanja; nauku, zakon.

This, my friends, should be a very easy fix.

Ovo bi, dragi prijatelji, trebalo vrlo lako da se popravi.

Thank you.

Hvala.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)