How policewomen make communities safer | Ivonne Roman

53,166 views ・ 2019-09-09

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Young You κ²€ν† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:13
I've been a police officer in an urban city
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μ €λŠ” ν•œ λ„μ‹œμ˜ 경찰둜 κ·Όλ¬΄ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:16
for nearly 25 years.
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거의 25년이 λ˜μ–΄ κ°‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:18
That's crazy, right?
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λ„ˆλ¬΄ 였래 ν–ˆλ‚˜μš”?
00:21
And in that time, I've served in every rank,
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κ·Έ κΈ°κ°„ λ™μ•ˆ μ €λŠ” λͺ¨λ“  μ§κΈ‰μ—μ„œ κ·Όλ¬΄ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:24
from police officer to police chief.
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κ²½μ°°κ΄€μ—μ„œ κ²½μ°°μ„œμž₯κΉŒμ§€ λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:28
A few years ago, I noticed something alarming.
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λͺ‡ λ…„ μ „, μ €λŠ” κ±±μ •μŠ€λŸ¬μš΄ 점을 λ°œκ²¬ν•˜κ²Œ λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:32
Starting in 2014,
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2014λ…„λΆ€ν„° μ‹ κ·œ 인원 μ±„μš©μ„ κ°λ…ν•˜κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆλŠ”λ°
00:34
I started monitoring recruits
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00:35
as they cycled through police academies in the state of New Jersey,
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κ²½μ°° 후보생듀이 뉴저지주 κ²½μ°°ν•™κ΅μ—μ„œ 과정을 μ΄μˆ˜ν•˜λŠ” λ™μ•ˆ
00:39
and I found that women were failing at rates between 65 and 80 percent,
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μ—¬μ„±μ˜ 65%~80%κ°€ νƒˆλ½ν•œλ‹€λŠ” 점을 λ°œκ²¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:45
due to varying aspects of the physical fitness test.
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갖가지 이유둜 체λ ₯ κ²€μ •μ—μ„œ νƒˆλ½μ΄ λ˜λ”κ΅°μš”.
00:49
I learned that a change in policy
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μ €λŠ” μ±„μš© κ·œμ • λ³€κ²½μœΌλ‘œ
00:51
now required recruits to pass the fitness exam
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ν›„λ³΄μƒλ“€μ˜ 체λ ₯ 검정이 10μ—¬ κ°€μ§€μ˜ 단기 μš΄λ™ ν‰κ°€λ‘œ
00:54
within 10 short workout sessions.
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μ‹œν–‰λœλ‹€λŠ” 사싀을 μ•Œκ²Œ λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:57
This had the greatest impact on women.
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이 λ³€ν™”λœ κ·œμ •μ΄ μ—¬μ„±λ“€μ—κ²Œ 큰 μž₯애물이 λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:00
The change meant that recruits had about three weeks
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이것은 κ²½μ°°ν•™κ΅μ˜ 총 5κ°œμ›”μ˜ ꡐ윑 κΈ°κ°„ 쀑
01:03
out of a five-month-long academy
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μ•½ 3μ£Όκ°„μ˜ μ‹œκ°„μ„ ν›„λ³΄μƒλ“€μ˜
01:05
to pass the fitness exam.
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체λ ₯ 검사에 ν• μ• ν•œλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:07
This just didn't make sense, though.
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μ €λŠ” 이해가 λ˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:10
Police agencies and police recruits
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이미 κ²½μ°° κΈ°κ΄€κ³Ό κ²½μ°° 후보생듀은
01:13
had made huge investments to get those recruits into the academy.
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κ²½μ°° 학ꡐ μž…μ†Œ 진행을 μœ„ν•˜μ—¬ λ§Žμ€ 투자λ₯Ό ν•˜μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:17
Police recruits had passed lengthy background checks,
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κ²½μ°° 후보생은 μž₯κΈ°κ°„μ˜ μ‹ μ›μ‘°νšŒλ₯Ό κ±°μ³€κ³ 
01:21
they had passed medical and psychological exams,
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신체검사와 심리검사도 이미 λ§ˆμ³€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:24
they had quit their jobs.
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λ‹€λ‹ˆλ˜ 직μž₯도 κ·Έλ§Œλ‘μ–΄μ•Ό ν–ˆμ£ .
01:26
And many had spent more than 2,000 dollars in fees and equipment
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그리고 λ§Žμ€ 이듀이 μˆ˜μˆ˜λ£Œμ™€ μž₯λΉ„ ꡬ맀에 2천 λ‹¬λŸ¬ 이상을 μ§€λΆˆν–ˆμ£ .
01:30
just to get kicked out within the first three weeks?
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첫 3μ£Ό μ•ˆμ— νƒˆλ½ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œ μƒ€μ„κΉŒμš”?
01:34
The dire situation in New Jersey
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λ‰΄μ €μ§€μ˜ 이런 μ‹¬κ°ν•œ 상황은
01:36
led me to examine the status of women in policing
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μ „κ΅­μ μœΌλ‘œ μ—¬μ„± 경찰의 ν˜„ 상황을
01:38
across the United States.
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μ‘°μ‚¬ν•˜λŠ” κΈ°νšŒκ°€ λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:40
I found that women make up less than 13 percent of police officers.
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μ—¬μ„± 경찰의 λΉ„μœ¨μ΄ κ²½μ°° 인λ ₯의 13% λ―Έλ§Œμ΄λΌλŠ” 사싀을 μ•Œκ²Œ 됐죠.
01:45
A number that hasn't changed much in the past 20 years.
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κ·Έ μˆ˜μΉ˜κ°€ μ§€λ‚œ 20λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ λ³€ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šκ³  μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:50
And they make up just three percent of police chiefs as of 2013,
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2013λ…„ ν˜„μž¬ μ—¬μ„± κ²½μ°° μ„œμž₯의 λΉ„μœ¨μ€ 3%μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:54
the last time the data was collected.
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κ°€μž₯ μ΅œκ·Όμ— μ‘°μ‚¬λœ μˆ˜μΉ˜μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:58
We know that we can improve those rates.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 이 λΉ„μœ¨μ„ ν–₯μƒμ‹œν‚¬ 수 μžˆλ‹€κ³  λ―ΏμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:01
Other countries like Canada, Australia and the UK
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μΊλ‚˜λ‹€, 호주, 그리고 영ꡭ과 같은 λ‹€λ₯Έ λ‚˜λΌλ“€μ€
02:04
have nearly twice the amount of policewomen.
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우리의 거의 두 배에 κ°€κΉŒμš΄ μ—¬μ„± 경찰을 λ³΄μœ ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:07
And New Zealand is steadily marching towards their goal
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그리고 계속 ν–₯μƒλ˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” λ‰΄μ§ˆλžœλ“œμ˜ λͺ©ν‘œλŠ”
02:12
of recruit gender parity by 2021.
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2021λ…„κΉŒμ§€ μ‹ μž„ 경찰의 μ„± λΉ„μœ¨μ„ κ°™κ²Œ λ§Œλ“œλŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:15
Other countries are actively working
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λ‹€λ₯Έ λ‚˜λΌμ—μ„œλ„ 적극적으둜
02:18
to increase the number of women in policing,
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μ—¬μ„± κ²½μ°° 인λ ₯의 보좩에 λ‚˜μ„œκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:20
because they know of a vast body of research evidence,
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이미 그듀은 50μ—¬ 년이 λ„˜λŠ” 연ꡬ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό ν† λŒ€λ‘œ
02:23
spanning more than 50 years,
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μ—¬μ„± 경찰듀이 μΉ˜μ•ˆ μœ μ§€μ— μžˆμ–΄
02:25
detailing the advantages to women in policing.
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μž₯점이 λ§Žλ‹€λŠ” 것을 잘 μ•Œκ³  있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:29
From that research,
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κ·Έ 연ꡬ κ²°κ³Όλ‘œλΆ€ν„°
02:31
we know that policewomen are less likely to use force
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ—¬μ„± 경찰이 무λ ₯을 μ‚¬μš©ν•  κ°€λŠ₯성이 μž‘κ³ 
02:34
or to be accused of excessive force.
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κ³Όλ„ν•œ 쑰치둜 κ³ λ°œλ‹Ήν•  ν™•λ₯ μ΄ μ λ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ•Œμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:37
We know that policewomen are less likely to be named in a lawsuit
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μ—¬μ„± 경찰은 법정에 뢈렀 λ‚˜κ°ˆ κ°€λŠ₯성도 적고
μ‹œλ―Όλ“€μ˜ ν•­μ˜λ₯Ό 받을 κ°€λŠ₯성도 μž‘μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:41
or a citizen complaint.
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02:43
We know that the mere presence of a policewoman
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단지 μ—¬μ„± 경찰의 μ°Έμ—¬λ§ŒμœΌλ‘œλ„
02:46
reduces the use of force among other officers.
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λ‹€λ₯Έ κ²½μ°°κ΄€μ˜ 무λ ₯ μ‚¬μš©μ„ κ°μ†Œμ‹œν‚¬ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:49
And we know that policewomen are met with the same rates of force
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μ—¬μ„± 경찰듀이 맞λ‹₯λœ¨λ¦¬λŠ” 범죄 ν˜„μž₯μ—μ„œμ˜ μœ„ν—˜μ„±μ΄
02:53
as their male counterparts, and sometimes more,
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남성 경찰보닀 μž‘μ§€λ„ μ•Šκ³  였히렀 더 μ‹¬ν•œ κ²½μš°λ„ μžˆμ§€λ§Œ
02:56
and yet they're more successful
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μ—¬μ„± 경찰이 더 μ„±κ³΅μ μœΌλ‘œ
02:57
in defusing violent or aggressive behavior overall.
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폭λ ₯κ³Ό 곡격적인 행동에 λŒ€μ²˜ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 것도 κΉ¨λ‹¬μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:01
So there are vast advantages to women in policing,
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ μ—¬μ„± 경찰의 높은 νš¨μœ¨μ„±μ—λ„ λΆˆκ΅¬ν•˜κ³ 
03:04
and we're losing them to arbitrary fitness standards.
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μž„μ˜μ μΈ 신체 기쀀을 μ μš©ν•΄ 그듀을 μ±„μš©ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:08
The problem is,
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κ°€μž₯ 큰 λ¬Έμ œλŠ”
03:10
the United States has nearly 18,000 police agencies --
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ν˜„μž¬ λ―Έκ΅­μ—λŠ” μ•½ 18,000μ—¬ 개의 κ²½μ°° 기관이 μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜κ³  있고
03:13
18,000 agencies with wildly varying fitness standards.
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κ·Έλ“€μ˜ 신체 μ„ λ°œ 기쀀이 맀우 크게 λ‹€λ₯΄λ‹€λŠ” μ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:19
We know that a majority of academies rely on a masculine ideal of policing
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이미 κ²½μ°° ν•™κ΅λŠ” λ”μš± 남성적인 경찰상을 μ΄μƒμœΌλ‘œ μ‚Όκ³ 
03:23
that works to decrease the number of women in policing.
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μ—¬μ„± 경찰의 수λ₯Ό 쀄이고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:27
These types of academies overemphasize physical strength,
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이 λͺ¨λ“  기관듀은 신체적인 νž˜λ§Œμ„ μ€‘μ‹œν•˜κ³ 
03:30
with much less attention spent to subjects like community policing,
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κ²½μ°° λ³Έμ—°μ˜ κΈ°λŠ₯인
지역 순찰 및 문제 ν•΄κ²°κ³Ό
03:35
problem-solving
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03:36
and interpersonal communication skills.
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λŒ€μΈ κ°„ μ†Œν†΅ κΈ°μˆ μ— μ†Œν™€ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:39
This results in training that does not mirror the realities of policing.
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κ·Έ 결과둜 μΉ˜μ•ˆ μœ μ§€μ˜ ν˜„μ‹€μ„ λ°˜μ˜ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ” ν›ˆλ ¨λ§Œμ„ ν•˜κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:44
Physical agility is but a small component of police work.
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신체적 기민함은 κ²½μ°° 업무λ₯Ό κ΅¬μ„±ν•˜λŠ” μž‘μ€ 뢀뢄일 λΏμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:48
Much of an officer's day is spent mediating interpersonal conflicts.
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κ²½μ°°κ΄€μ˜ ν•˜λ£¨λŠ” 개인 κ°„μ˜ 문제λ₯Ό μ€‘μž¬ν•˜λŠ” 일이 λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:52
That's the reality of policing.
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이게 κ²½μ°°κ΄€μ˜ ν˜„μ‹€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:57
These are my babies.
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제 μ•„μ΄λ“€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:59
And we can reduce the disparity in policing
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μΉ˜μ•ˆ μœ μ§€μ˜ λΆˆκ· ν˜•μ„
이질적인 κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό λ‚³κ³  μžˆλŠ” μ‹œν—˜μ„ λ³€κ²½ν•¨μœΌλ‘œμ¨ 쀄일 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:03
by changing exams that produce disparate outcomes.
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04:08
The federal courts have stated that men and women
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μ—°λ°© λ²•μ›μ˜ μ˜κ²¬μ„ μΈμš©ν•˜μžλ©΄
04:10
simply are not physiologically the same
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λ‚¨λ…€λŠ” μƒλ¦¬μ μœΌλ‘œ λ‹¬λΌμ„œ
04:12
for the purposes of physical fitness programs.
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μ‹ μ²΄κ²€μ‚¬μ˜ λͺ©μ μ„ κ³΅μœ ν•  수 μ—†λ‹€κ³  ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:15
And that's based on science.
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과학적인 근거도 μžˆκ³ μš”.
04:17
Respected institutions that law enforcement deeply respects,
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κ°€μž₯ 쑴쀑받고 μžˆλŠ” 법을 μ§‘ν–‰ν•˜λŠ” 기관듀인
04:22
like the FBI, the US Marshals Service,
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FBIλ‚˜ λ―Έκ΅­ μ—°λ°© λ³΄μ•ˆκ΅­
04:24
the DEA and even the US military --
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λ―Έκ΅­ λ§ˆμ•½ 방지ꡭ 및 심지어 κ΅°λŒ€κΉŒμ§€λ„
04:28
they rigorously test fitness programs to ensure they measure fitness
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신체 λŠ₯λ ₯을 μΈ‘μ •ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•˜μ—¬ 성별에 λ”°λ₯Έ κ³ λ € 없이
04:32
without gender-disparate outcomes.
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μ—„κ²©ν•œ 신체검사λ₯Ό ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:35
Why is that?
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μ™œ 그런 κ²ƒμΌκΉŒμš”?
04:37
Because recruiting is expensive.
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μ±„μš© 과정은 λΉ„μš©μ΄ 많이 λ“€κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
04:39
They want to recruit and retain qualified candidates.
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μžκ²©μ„ κ°–μΆ˜ ν›„λ³΄μžλ“€μ„ μ±„μš©ν•˜κ³  잘 μœ μ§€ν•˜κΈ° μ›ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ£ .
04:43
You know what else the research finds?
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 저희가 찾은 연ꡬ κ²°κ³Όμ—μ„œλŠ”
04:46
Well-trained women are as capable as their male counterparts
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잘 ν›ˆλ ¨λœ μ—¬μ„± 경찰은 남성 κ²½μ°° λͺ»μ§€μ•Šμ€ λŠ₯λ ₯을 λ°œνœ˜ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:50
in overall fitness,
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μ „λ°˜μ μΈ 신체 λŠ₯λ ₯λΆ€ν„°
04:51
but more importantly, in how they police.
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특히 μΉ˜μ•ˆ ν™œλ™ λ°©λ²•μ—μ„œλŠ” 더 큰 영ν–₯λ ₯을 λ°œνœ˜ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:56
The law-enforcement community
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법 집행 κ΄€λ ¨ 기관듀은
04:57
is admittedly experiencing a recruitment crisis.
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잘 μ•Œλ €μ‘Œλ‹€μ‹œν”Ό μ±„μš© μœ„κΈ°λ₯Ό κ²ͺκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:00
Yet, if they truly want to increase the number of applicants, they can.
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λ§Œμ•½ μ§„μ‹¬μœΌλ‘œ μ§€μ›μžλ“€μ΄ λŠ˜μ–΄λ‚˜κΈΈ μ›ν•œλ‹€λ©΄ μΆ©λΆ„νžˆ ν•΄κ²° κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ μΌμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:07
We can easily recruit more women
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 더 λ§Žμ€ μ—¬μ„± 경찰을 μ‰½κ²Œ κ³ μš©ν•  수 있고
05:10
and reap all those research benefits
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저희가 μ–ΈκΈ‰ν–ˆλ˜ 연ꡬ 결과의 ν˜œνƒμ„ λˆ„λ¦΄ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:13
by training well-qualified candidates to pass validated, work-related,
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λ―Έκ΅­ λ―ΌκΆŒλ²• 타이틀7μ—μ„œ μš”κ΅¬ν•œ 바와 같이
λ…Όλ¦¬μ μœΌλ‘œ κ²€μ¦λ˜κ³  업무와 연관이 있으며
05:18
physiologically-based fitness exams,
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생리학적인 κΈ°λ°˜μ„ λ‘” 신체검사λ₯Ό 톡과할 자격이 μΆ©λΆ„ν•œ ν›„λ³΄μžλ₯Ό
05:21
as required by Title VII of the Civil Rights Act.
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ν›ˆλ ¨μ‹œν‚€λŠ” λ°©λ²•μœΌλ‘œμ„œ λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:26
We can increase the number of women,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ—¬μ„±μ˜ 수λ₯Ό λŠ˜λ €μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:28
we can reduce that gender disparity,
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μ„±λΉ„ λΆˆκ· ν˜•μ„ 쀄여야 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:31
by simply changing exams that produce disparate outcomes.
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이질적인 κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό λ‚΄λŠ” μ‹œν—˜μ„ λ°”κΎΈλŠ” κ²ƒλ§ŒμœΌλ‘œ κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ μΌμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:35
We have the tools.
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μš°λ¦¬μ—κ² 도ꡬ가 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:36
We have the research, we have the science, we have the law.
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연ꡬ, κ³Όν•™, 그리고 법도 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:40
This, my friends, should be a very easy fix.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„, 이것은 ν•΄κ²°ν•˜κΈ° 맀우 μ‰¬μš΄ λ¬Έμ œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:45
Thank you.
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κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:46
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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