Catherine Crump: The small and surprisingly dangerous detail the police track about you

Prevodilac: Stefan Zrnović Lektor: Mile Živković

The shocking police crackdown on protestors in Ferguson, Missouri,

Šokantno policijsko kažnjavanje protestanata u Fergusonu, Misuri,

in the wake of the police shooting of Michael Brown,

u žaru pucnjave policije na Majkla Brauna,

underscored the extent to which advanced military weapons and equipment,

naglasilo je obim u kome napredna vojna oružja i oprema

designed for the battlefield,

projektovani za bojna polja,

are making their way

krče put

to small-town police departments across the United States.

do policijskih odeljenja malih gradova širom Sjedinjenih Država.

Although much tougher to observe,

Iako je mnogo teže za posmatranje,

this same thing is happening with surveillance equipment.

ista stvar se dešava sa opremom za nadzor.

NSA-style mass surveillance is enabling

Masivni nadzor u stilu NSA omogućava

local police departments to gather vast quantities

lokalnim policijskim odeljenjima da skupljaju veliku količinu

of sensitive information about each and every one of us

osetljiviih informacija o svemu i svakome od nas

in a way that was never previously possible.

na način koji nikada ranije nije bio moguć.

Location information can be very sensitive.

Informacije o lokaciji mogu biti veoma osetljive.

If you drive your car around the United States,

Ako vozite svoj auto širom Sjedinjenih Država,

it can reveal if you go to a therapist,

možete otkriti da li idete kod psihoterapeuta,

attend an Alcoholics Anonymous meeting,

na sastanak anonimnih alkoholičara,

if you go to church or if you don't go to church.

idete li u crkvu ili ne.

And when that information about you

Kada su informacije o vama

is combined with the same information about everyone else,

kombinovane sa istim informacijama o svakom drugom,

the government can gain a detailed portrait

vlasti mogu da dobiju detaljan portret

of how private citizens interact.

toga kako privatni građani uzajamno deluju.

This information used to be private.

Ove informacije su nekada bile privatne.

Thanks to modern technology,

Zahvaljujući modernoj tehnologiji,

the government knows far too much about what happens behind closed doors.

vlasti znaju previše o tome šta se dešava iza zatvorenih vrata.

And local police departments make decisions about who they think you are

Lokalna policijska odeljenja donose odluke o tome šta misle ko ste

based on this information.

na osnovu ovih informacija.

One of the key technologies driving mass location tracking

Jedna od ključnih tehnologija koja pokreće masovno praćenje lokacija

je Automatski čitač registarskih tablica, što je prilično bezopasan naziv.

is the innocuous-sounding Automatic License Plate Reader.

If you haven't seen one,

Ako ovo niste već videli,

it's probably because you didn't know what to look for --

to je verovatno zato što niste znali šta da tražite -

they're everywhere.

svuda su.

Mounted on roads or on police cars,

Postavljeni su na putevima ili policijskim automobilima,

Automatic License Plate Readers capture images of every passing car

automatski čitači automobilskih tablica prave snimke svakog auta koji prolazi

and convert the license plate into machine-readable text

i prebacuju tablicu u tekst koji prepoznaje mašina

so that they can be checked against hot lists

tako da se može proveriti u odnosu na spisak

of cars potentially wanted for wrongdoing.

automobila koji se potencijalno traže zbog počinjenih zločina.

But more than that, increasingly,

Ali više od toga se dešava

local police departments are keeping records

da lokalna policijska odeljenja drže evidenciju

not just of people wanted for wrongdoing,

ne samo o ljudima koji se traže zbog zločina,

but of every plate that passes them by,

već i o svakoj tablici koja prođe pored njih,

resulting in the collection of mass quantities of data

što za posledicu ima skup velike količine podataka

about where Americans have gone.

o tome kuda su Amerikanci otišli.

Did you know this was happening?

Da li znate da se ovo dešavalo?

When Mike Katz-Lacabe asked his local police department

Kada je Majk Kec Lakabe pitao svoje lokalno policijsko odeljenje

for information about the plate reader data they had on him,

za informacije o podacima čitača tablica koje su imali o njemu,

this is what they got:

ovo je bio odgovor:

in addition to the date, time and location,

pored datuma, vremena i lokacije,

the police department had photographs that captured

policijsko odeljenje imalo je slike toga

where he was going and often who he was with.

kuda je išao, a često i toga sa kime je bio.

The second photo from the top is a picture of Mike and his two daughters

Druga slika odozgo je slika Majka i njegove dve ćerke

getting out of their car in their own driveway.

kako izlaze iz svojih kola na sopstvenom prilazu kući.

The government has hundreds of photos like this

Vlasti imaju stotine fotografija poput ove o Majku

about Mike going about his daily life.

koje govore o njegovom svakodnevnom životu.

And if you drive a car in the United States,

Ako vozite auto u Sjedinjenim Državama,

I would bet money that they have photographs

kladila bih se u novac da imaju fotografije

like this of you going about your daily life.

poput ovih koje govore o vašem svakodnevnom životu.

Mike hasn't done anything wrong.

Majk nije uradio ništa loše.

Why is it okay that the government is keeping all of this information?

Zašto je u redu da vlasti drže sve ove informacije?

The reason it's happening is because,

Razlog zbog kojeg se ovo dešava je

as the cost of storing this data has plummeted,

taj kako su troškovi smeštanja ovih podataka drastično pali,

the police departments simply hang on to it,

policijska odeljenja su ih se jednostavno držala

just in case it could be useful someday.

u slučaju da jednog dana mogu biti od koristi.

The issue is not just that one police department

Problem nije samo što jedno policijsko odeljenje

is gathering this information in isolation

čuva ove informacije u izolaciji

or even that multiple police departments are doing it.

ili što više policijskih odeljenja to radi.

At the same time, the federal government

U isto vreme, Savezna vlada

is collecting all of these individual pots of data,

sakuplja sve te pojedinačne grupe podataka,

and pooling them together into one vast database

i objedinjuje ih zajedno u jednu široku bazu podataka

with hundreds of millions of hits,

sa stotinama miliona pogodaka,

showing where Americans have traveled.

koji pokazuju gde su Amerikanci putovali.

This document from the Federal Drug Enforcement Administration,

Ovaj dokument od Savezne uprave za suzbijanje droge,

which is one of the agencies primarily interested in this,

što je jedna od agencija koje su najviše zainteresovane za ovo,

is one of several that reveal the existence of this database.

jedan je od nekoliko koji otkrivaju postojanje baze podataka.

Meanwhile, in New York City,

U međuvremenu, u Njujorku,

the NYPD has driven police cars equipped with license plate readers

pripadnici policije su vozili svoja kola opremljena čitačima policijskih tablica

past mosques in order to figure out who is attending.

pored džamija kako bi otkrili ko ih posećuje.

The uses and abuses of this technology aren't limited to the United States.

Upotrebe i zloupotrebe ove tehnologije nisu ograničene na Sjedinjene Države.

In the U.K., the police department

U Ujedinjenom kraljevstvu, policijsko odeljenje

put 80-year-old John Kat on a plate reader watch list

je stavilo 80-godišnjeg Džona Keta na listu čitača tablica

after he had attended dozens of lawful political demonstrations

nakon što je prisustvovao desetinama pravnih političkih demonstracija

where he liked to sit on a bench and sketch the attendees.

gde je voleo da sedi na klupi i skicira pratioce.

License plate readers aren't the only mass location tracking technology

Čitači registarskih tablica nisu jedina tehnologija za masivno praćenje lokacije

available to law enforcement agents today.

dostupna agentima za sprovođenje zakona.

Through a technique known as a cell tower dump,

Putem sakupljanja podataka sa tornjeva mobilne telefonije,

law enforcement agents can uncover who was using

policijski agenti mogu da otkriju ko je koristio jedan ili više

one or more cell towers at a particular time,

tornjeva mobilne telefonije u određeno vreme,

a technique which has been known to reveal

što je tehnika za koju se zna da je otkrivala

the location of tens of thousands and even hundreds of thousands of people.

lokacije desetina hiljada i čak stotina hiljada ljudi.

Also, using a device known as a StingRay,

Koristeći aparat poznat kao "Stingray",

law enforcement agents can send tracking signals

policijski agenti mogu da pošalju signale za praćenje

inside people's houses to identify the cell phones located there.

unutar kuća kako bi identifikovali mobilne telefone koji se tu nalaze.

And if they don't know which house to target,

Ako ne znaju koju kuću da traže,

they've been known to drive this technology

onda bi ovu tehnologiju vozili okolo

around through whole neighborhoods.

širom susedstva.

Just as the police in Ferguson possess high-tech military weapons and equipment,

Kako policija u Fergusonu poseduje savremena oružja i opremu,

so too do police departments across the United States

tako i policijska odeljenja širom Sjedinjenih Država

possess high-tech surveillance gear.

poseduju savremenu opremu za nadzor.

Just because you don't see it,

Samo zato što je ne vidite,

doesn't mean it's not there.

ne znači da nije tu.

The question is, what should we do about this?

Pitanje je - šta bi trebalo da uradimo povodom ovoga?

I think this poses a serious civil liberties threat.

Mislim da ovo predstavlja opasnu pretnju građanskoj slobodi.

History has shown that once the police have massive quantities of data,

Istorija je pokazala da kada policija poseduje velike količine podataka

tracking the movements of innocent people,

i prati kretanje nevinih ljudi,

it gets abused, maybe for blackmail, maybe for political advantage,

ti podaci se zloupotrebe, možda za ucenu, možda za politički napredak,

or maybe for simple voyeurism.

ili možda zbog samog voajerizma.

Fortunately, there are steps we can take.

Srećom, postoje koraci koje možemo da preduzmemo.

Local police departments can be governed by the city councils,

Lokalna policijska odeljenja mogu biti podređena gradskim većima,

which can pass laws requiring the police

koja mogu da izglasaju zakone koji od policije zahtevaju

to dispose of the data about innocent people

da unište podatke o nevinim ljudima

while allowing the legitimate uses of the technology to go forward.

dok se omogućava da se napreduje sa legitimnom upotrebom tehnologije.

Thank you.

Hvala vam.

(Applause).

(Aplauz)