Catherine Crump: The small and surprisingly dangerous detail the police track about you

Prevoditelj: Izidora Zganjer Recezent: Mislav Ante Omazić - EFZG

The shocking police crackdown on protestors in Ferguson, Missouri,

Šokantna policijska represija protestanata u Fergusonu, Missouri,

in the wake of the police shooting of Michael Brown,

nakon što je policajac ustrijelio Michaela Browna,

underscored the extent to which advanced military weapons and equipment,

pokazala je kako napredna vojna oružja i oprema,

designed for the battlefield,

dizajnirana za bojišta, nalaze svoje mjesto

are making their way

to small-town police departments across the United States.

u policijskim upravama malih gradova SAD-a.

Although much tougher to observe,

Iako se to puno teže primjećuje,

this same thing is happening with surveillance equipment.

ista stvar se događa i s opremom za nadzor.

NSA-style mass surveillance is enabling

Nadzor masa u stilu NSA omogućuje

local police departments to gather vast quantities

lokalnim policijskim uredima skupljanje velike količine

of sensitive information about each and every one of us

osjetljivih informacija o svakome od nas

in a way that was never previously possible.

na način kako to nikada prije nije bilo moguće.

Location information can be very sensitive.

Lokacijske informacije mogu biti vrlo osjetljive.

If you drive your car around the United States,

Ako vozite auto u SAD-u,

it can reveal if you go to a therapist,

sustav može otkriti idete li psihoterapeutu,

attend an Alcoholics Anonymous meeting,

prisustvujete li sastanku anonimnih alkoholičara,

if you go to church or if you don't go to church.

idete li u crkvu ili ne idete.

And when that information about you

A kada su te informacije o vama

is combined with the same information about everyone else,

ujedinjene s tim istim informacijama o drugima,

the government can gain a detailed portrait

vlasti mogu dobiti detaljnu sliku

of how private citizens interact.

privatnih interakcija građana.

This information used to be private.

Ove informacije su nekada bile privatne.

Thanks to modern technology,

Zahvaljujući modernoj tehnologiji,

the government knows far too much about what happens behind closed doors.

vlasti znaju puno previše što se događa iza zatvorenih vrata.

And local police departments make decisions about who they think you are

Lokalni policijski uredi donose odluke što oni misle da ste vi

based on this information.

na temelju tih informacija.

One of the key technologies driving mass location tracking

Jedna od ključnih tehnologija masovnog lokacijskog praćenja

is the innocuous-sounding Automatic License Plate Reader.

zvuči jako bezopasno. automatski čitač registacijskih tablica.

If you haven't seen one,

Ako ga niste vidjeli,

it's probably because you didn't know what to look for --

vjerojatno niste znali što tražite, jer su posvuda.

they're everywhere.

Mounted on roads or on police cars,

Nalaze se na cestama ili policijskim automobilima,

Automatic License Plate Readers capture images of every passing car

i čine snimke svakoga automobila

and convert the license plate into machine-readable text

te pretvaraju slike tablice u tekst koji računalo može prepoznati,

so that they can be checked against hot lists

kako bi ih se moglo usporediti s listom sumnjivih automobila

of cars potentially wanted for wrongdoing.

koji su možda sudjelovali u počinjenim zločinima.

But more than that, increasingly,

Ali je češće, i s tendencijom rasta,

local police departments are keeping records

da lokalni policijski uredi čuvaju snimke ne samo

not just of people wanted for wrongdoing,

onih koji se traže zbog zločina,

but of every plate that passes them by,

nego i snimke svake snimljene registracije,

resulting in the collection of mass quantities of data

a rezultat toga je masovna količina podataka

about where Americans have gone.

o kretanjima Amerikanca.

Did you know this was happening?

Jeste li znali za to?

When Mike Katz-Lacabe asked his local police department

Kada je Mike Katz-Lacabe zatražio u lokalnom policijskom uredu

for information about the plate reader data they had on him,

podatke koje je čitač registracijskih tablica snimio o njemu,

this is what they got:

ovo je dobio:

in addition to the date, time and location,

osim datuma, vremena i lokacije,

the police department had photographs that captured

policijski ured je posjedovao fotografije koje su prikazivale

where he was going and often who he was with.

kamo je išao, i često, s kime.

The second photo from the top is a picture of Mike and his two daughters

Druga fotografija odozgo je slika Mikea i njegove dvije kćeri

getting out of their car in their own driveway.

kako izlaze iz automobila na njihovom vlastitom prilazu.

The government has hundreds of photos like this

Vlasti su u posjedu stotina fotografija kao što je ova

about Mike going about his daily life.

o svakodnevnom Mikeovom životu.

And if you drive a car in the United States,

Ako vozite automobil u SAD-u,

I would bet money that they have photographs

kladim se da postoje fotografije

like this of you going about your daily life.

poput ovih, o vašem svakodnevnom životu.

Mike hasn't done anything wrong.

Mike nije napravio nikakav zločin.

Why is it okay that the government is keeping all of this information?

Zašto onda vladine organizacije čuvaju sve ove informacije?

The reason it's happening is because,

Razlog tome je drastičan pad

as the cost of storing this data has plummeted,

troška pohrane podataka,

the police departments simply hang on to it,

pa ih policija čuva

just in case it could be useful someday.

u slučaju da bi jednog dana mogli biti od koristi.

The issue is not just that one police department

No, problem nije u tome što jedan policijski ured

is gathering this information in isolation

skuplja te informacije neovisno,

or even that multiple police departments are doing it.

čak ni što to radi više policijskih ureda.

At the same time, the federal government

Nego istovremeno, vlada

is collecting all of these individual pots of data,

prikuplja sve te skupine podataka o pojednicima,

and pooling them together into one vast database

i objedinjuje ih u ogromnu bazu podataka

with hundreds of millions of hits,

sa stotinu milijuna unesenih podataka,

showing where Americans have traveled.

koja pokazuju putovanja Amerikanaca.

This document from the Federal Drug Enforcement Administration,

Ovaj dokument Agencije za suzbijanje droge,

which is one of the agencies primarily interested in this,

jedne od agencija čiji je to primarni interes,

is one of several that reveal the existence of this database.

jedan je od njih nekoliko koji dokazuju postojanje te baze podataka.

Meanwhile, in New York City,

U međuvremenu, u New Yorku,

the NYPD has driven police cars equipped with license plate readers

policajci su se s vozilima opremljenima čitačima registracijskih tablica,

past mosques in order to figure out who is attending.

vozili pored džamija kako bi otkrili tko su njihovi posjetitelji.

The uses and abuses of this technology aren't limited to the United States.

Upotrebe i zloupotrebe ove tehnologije ne događaju se samo u SAD-u.

In the U.K., the police department

U Ujedinjenom kraljevstvu policija je

put 80-year-old John Kat on a plate reader watch list

80-godišnjeg John Kata stavila na listu tablica koje se prate,

after he had attended dozens of lawful political demonstrations

nakon što je sudjelovao u desetak zakonitih političkih demonstracija,

where he liked to sit on a bench and sketch the attendees.

tijekom kojih je sjedio na klupi i skicirao sudionike.

License plate readers aren't the only mass location tracking technology

Čitači registracijskih tablica nisu jedina tehnologija masivnog lokacijskog

available to law enforcement agents today.

praćenja dostupna organima koji provode zakon.

Through a technique known as a cell tower dump,

Koristeći podatke koje prikupljaju telekomunikacijski tornjevi,

law enforcement agents can uncover who was using

policijski organi mogu otkriti tko je koristio

one or more cell towers at a particular time,

jedan ili više toranja u određeno vrijeme,

a technique which has been known to reveal

tehnikom koja može otkriti

the location of tens of thousands and even hundreds of thousands of people.

lokaciju desetina tisuća ili čak stotina tisuća ljudi.

Also, using a device known as a StingRay,

Također, koristeći uređaj poznat kao "StingRay",

law enforcement agents can send tracking signals

policijski organi mogu poslati signalne markere

inside people's houses to identify the cell phones located there.

kako bi identificirali mobilne telefone koji se nalaze u kući.

And if they don't know which house to target,

A ako ne znaju koju kuću trebaju "pretražiti",

they've been known to drive this technology

znali su je primijeniti na čitavo susjedstvo.

around through whole neighborhoods.

Just as the police in Ferguson possess high-tech military weapons and equipment,

Fergusonska policija posjeduje visoko tehnološku vojnu opremu i oružje,

so too do police departments across the United States

jednako tako i policija SAD-a posjeduje visoko tehnološku opremu za nadzor.

possess high-tech surveillance gear.

Just because you don't see it,

Samo zato što ju ne vidite,

doesn't mean it's not there.

ne znači da ona ne postoji.

The question is, what should we do about this?

Pitanje je što bismo mi trebali učiniti u vezi toga?

I think this poses a serious civil liberties threat.

Mislim da se ovdje radi o ozbiljnom ugrožavanju slobode građana.

History has shown that once the police have massive quantities of data,

Povijest je pokazala da kada policija posjeduje ogromne količine podataka,

tracking the movements of innocent people,

koje dobiva praćenjem kretanja nevinih ljudi,

it gets abused, maybe for blackmail, maybe for political advantage,

oni postaju pogodni za zloupotrebu, možda za ucjenu, možda za političku prednost,

or maybe for simple voyeurism.

a možda zbog voajerizma.

Fortunately, there are steps we can take.

Srećom, nešto možemo poduzeti.

Local police departments can be governed by the city councils,

Lokalnim policijskim uredima mogu upravljati gradska vijeća,

which can pass laws requiring the police

koja mogu izglasati zakone koji će od policije zahtijevati

to dispose of the data about innocent people

uništavanje podatka ljudi koji nisu osumnjičeni,

while allowing the legitimate uses of the technology to go forward.

istodobno omogućujući napredak zakonite uporabe tih tehnologija.

Thank you.

Hvala vam.

(Applause).

(Pljesak)