Jedidah Isler: How I fell in love with quasars, blazars and our incredible universe

Prevodilac: Tijana Mihajlović Lektor: Mile Živković

My first love was for the night sky.

Moja prva ljubav bila je noćno nebo.

Love is complicated.

Ljubav je komplikovana.

You're looking at a fly-through of the Hubble Space Telescope Ultra-Deep Field,

Gledate u leteći prikaz ultra-dubokog polja svemirskog teleskopa Habl,

one of the most distant images of our universe ever observed.

jednu od slika najudaljenijeg svemira koji je ikada viđen.

Everything you see here is a galaxy,

Sve što vidite ovde je galaksija,

comprised of billions of stars each.

a svaka od njih sastavljena je od nekoliko milijardi zvezda.

And the farthest galaxy is a trillion, trillion kilometers away.

Najudaljenija galaksija udaljena je na trilione, trilione kilometara.

As an astrophysicist, I have the awesome privilege of studying

Kao astrofizičarka, imam jedinstvenu privilegiju da izučavam

some of the most exotic objects in our universe.

neke od najegzotičnijih objekata u našem svemiru.

The objects that have captivated me from first crush throughout my career

Objekti koji su me očarali od prvog zaljubljivanja kroz karijeru su

are supermassive, hyperactive black holes.

supermasivne, hiperaktivne crne rupe.

Weighing one to 10 billion times the mass of our own sun,

Težine od jedne do 10 milijardi puta mase našeg Sunca,

these galactic black holes are devouring material,

ove svemirske crne rupe proždiru materijal

at a rate of upwards of 1,000 times more

brzinom 1000 puta većom

than your "average" supermassive black hole.

od „prosečne" supermasivne crne rupe.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

These two characteristics,

Ove dve karakteristike,

with a few others, make them quasars.

sa još par njih, čine ih kvazarima.

At the same time, the objects I study

U isto vreme, objekti koje proučavam

are producing some of the most powerful particle streams

proizvode neke od najsnažnijih struja čestica

ever observed.

koje su ikada uočene.

These narrow streams, called jets,

Ove uske struje, nazvane mlazovi,

are moving at 99.99 percent of the speed of light,

kreću se na 99,99 posto brzine svetlosti

and are pointed directly at the Earth.

i usmerene su direktno na Zemlju.

These jetted, Earth-pointed, hyperactive and supermassive black holes

Ove hiperaktive i supermasivne crne rupe sa mlazevima uperenim ka Zemlji

are called blazars, or blazing quasars.

nazivaju se blazari ili plamteći kvazari.

What makes blazars so special is that they're some of the universe's

Ono što blazare čini posebnima je da su jedni od svemirskih

most efficient particle accelerators,

najefikasijih akceleratora čestica,

transporting incredible amounts of energy throughout a galaxy.

i transportuju neverovatne količine energije kroz galaksiju.

Here, I'm showing an artist's conception of a blazar.

Ovde vam pokazujem umetnički prikaz blazara.

The dinner plate by which material falls onto the black hole

Tanjir sa kog materijal pada u crnu rupu

is called the accretion disc,

naziva se akrecioni disk,

shown here in blue.

ovde prikazan plavom bojom.

Some of that material is slingshotted around the black hole

Neki od tih materijala snažno su povučeni oko crne rupe

and accelerated to insanely high speeds

i ubrzavaju do ludački velikih brzina

in the jet, shown here in white.

u mlazu, prikazanom belom bojom ovde.

Although the blazar system is rare,

Iako je sistem blazara redak,

the process by which nature pulls in material via a disk,

proces u kom priroda povlači materijal putem diska

and then flings some of it out via a jet, is more common.

a zatim ga delimično izbacuje kroz mlaz mnogo je češći.

We'll eventually zoom out of the blazar system

Konačno ćemo se udaljiti od sistema blazara

to show its approximate relationship to the larger galactic context.

da bismo pokazali njihov okvirni odnos prema širem galaktičkom kontekstu.

Beyond the cosmic accounting of what goes in to what goes out,

Osim svemirskog računanja šta ide unutra, a šta van,

one of the hot topics in blazar astrophysics right now

jedna od gorućih tema trenutno u astrofizici blazara je -

is where the highest-energy jet emission comes from.

odakle dolazi visoko-energetska emisija mlaza.

In this image, I'm interested in where this white blob forms

Na ovoj slici, interesuje me gde se ova bela grudvica formira

and if, as a result, there's any relationship between the jet

i da li, kao rezultat, postoji bilo kakva veza između mlaza

and the accretion disc material.

i materije akrecionog diska.

Clear answers to this question

Jasni odgovori na ovo pitanje

were almost completely inaccessible until 2008,

bili su skoro kompletno nepristupačni do 2008. godine,

when NASA launched a new telescope that better detects gamma ray light --

kada je NASA lansirala novi teleskop koji bolje detektuje svetlost gama zraka,

that is, light with energies a million times higher

to jest, svetlost sa milion puta većim energijama

than your standard x-ray scan.

nego standardni rendgen.

I simultaneously compare variations between the gamma ray light data

Istovremeno upoređujem varijacije između podataka o svetlosti gama zraka

and the visible light data from day to day and year to year,

i podataka o vidljivoj svetlosti iz dana u dan i iz godine u godinu

to better localize these gamma ray blobs.

da bismo bolje lokalizovali ove grudvice gama zraka.

My research shows that in some instances,

Moje istraživanje pokazuje da su u nekim prilikama

these blobs form much closer to the black hole

ove grudvice mnogo bliže

than we initially thought.

nego što smo ispočetka mislili.

As we more confidently localize

Dok lokalizujemo sve sigurnije

where these gamma ray blobs are forming,

gde se grudvice gama zraka formiraju,

we can better understand how jets are being accelerated,

možemo bolje razumeti kako se mlazevi ubrzavaju

and ultimately reveal the dynamic processes

i konačno otkriti dinamičke procese

by which some of the most fascinating objects in our universe are formed.

pomoću kojih su stvoreni neki od najfascinantnijih objekata u svemiru.

This all started as a love story.

Sve ovo je počelo kao ljubavna priča,

And it still is.

a i dalje je tako.

This love transformed me from a curious, stargazing young girl

Ta ljubav me je preobratila iz radoznale devojčice zagledane u zvezde

to a professional astrophysicist,

u profesionalnu astrofizičarku

hot on the heels of celestial discovery.

koja je u potrazi za nebeskim otkrićima.

Who knew that chasing after the universe

Ko je mogao da pogodi da će me jurnjava za svemirom

would ground me so deeply to my mission here on Earth.

toliko duboko vezati za moju misiju ovde na Zemlji.

Then again, when do we ever know where love's first flutter

Sa druge strane, da li ikada znamo gde će nas prvi ljubavni treptaj

will truly take us.

zaista odvesti?

Thank you.

Hvala vam.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)