Jedidah Isler: How I fell in love with quasars, blazars and our incredible universe

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2015-04-21 ・ TED


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Jedidah Isler: How I fell in love with quasars, blazars and our incredible universe

71,522 views ・ 2015-04-21

TED


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Prevoditelj: Martina Juranic Recezent: Ivan Stamenković
00:13
My first love was for the night sky.
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Moja prva ljubav bila je noćno nebo.
00:16
Love is complicated.
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Ljubav je složena.
00:17
You're looking at a fly-through of the Hubble Space Telescope Ultra-Deep Field,
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Gledate snimku ultra-dubokog polja svemirskog teleskopa Hubble,
00:22
one of the most distant images of our universe ever observed.
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jednu od najudaljenijih slika našeg Svemira koja je ikad snimljena.
00:26
Everything you see here is a galaxy,
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Sve što ovdje vidite je galaksija
00:29
comprised of billions of stars each.
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koju čine milijarde zvijezda.
00:32
And the farthest galaxy is a trillion, trillion kilometers away.
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Najudaljenija galaksija je bilijune i bilijune kilometra daleko.
00:37
As an astrophysicist, I have the awesome privilege of studying
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Kao astrofizičarka imam privilegiju proučavati
00:40
some of the most exotic objects in our universe.
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neke od najegzotičnijih objekata u Svemiru.
00:44
The objects that have captivated me from first crush throughout my career
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Objekti koji su me najviše očarali od prvog zaljubljivanja pa sve kroz karijeru
00:48
are supermassive, hyperactive black holes.
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su supermasivne, hiperaktivne crne rupe.
00:53
Weighing one to 10 billion times the mass of our own sun,
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S masom 10 milijardi većom od mase našeg Sunca,
00:57
these galactic black holes are devouring material,
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ove galaktičke crne rupe proždiru materijal
01:00
at a rate of upwards of 1,000 times more
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brzinom 1000 puta većom od
01:04
than your "average" supermassive black hole.
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"uobičajne" supermasivne crne rupe.
01:07
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
01:09
These two characteristics,
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Te dvije karakteristike,
01:11
with a few others, make them quasars.
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s nekoliko drugih čine ih kvazarima.
01:14
At the same time, the objects I study
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Istovremeno, objekti koje istražujem
01:17
are producing some of the most powerful particle streams
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proizvode jedne od najsnažnijih protoka čestica
01:20
ever observed.
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ikada uočenih.
01:21
These narrow streams, called jets,
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Ti uski protoci, nazvani mlazovi,
01:24
are moving at 99.99 percent of the speed of light,
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kreću se 99.99% brzine svijetlosti,
01:29
and are pointed directly at the Earth.
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i usmjereni su direktno prema Zemlji.
01:33
These jetted, Earth-pointed, hyperactive and supermassive black holes
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Te hiperaktivne i supermasivne crne rupe s mlazovima usmjerenim prema Zemlji
01:39
are called blazars, or blazing quasars.
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se zovu blazari ili gorući kvazari.
01:43
What makes blazars so special is that they're some of the universe's
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Blazari su posebni po tome što su jedni od
01:47
most efficient particle accelerators,
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najefikasnijih svemirskih akcelatora čestica
01:49
transporting incredible amounts of energy throughout a galaxy.
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koji rasipaju nevjerojatne količine energije u galaksiju.
01:54
Here, I'm showing an artist's conception of a blazar.
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Ovdje možete vidjeti umjetnički prikaz blazara.
01:57
The dinner plate by which material falls onto the black hole
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Rotacijska os kojom materija biva privučena u crnu rupu
02:00
is called the accretion disc,
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se zove akrecijski disk,
02:02
shown here in blue.
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prikazan ovdje plavo.
02:04
Some of that material is slingshotted around the black hole
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Neki od tih materijala se poput praćke gibaju oko crne rupe
02:07
and accelerated to insanely high speeds
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i bivaju ubrzani do nevjerojatnih brzina
02:09
in the jet, shown here in white.
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u mlazu koje je ovdje prikazan bijelo.
02:11
Although the blazar system is rare,
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Iako je blazar rijetka pojava,
02:14
the process by which nature pulls in material via a disk,
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proces kojim priroda privlači materiju u disk
02:17
and then flings some of it out via a jet, is more common.
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i onda ju djelomično izbacuje kao mlaz puno je češći.
02:21
We'll eventually zoom out of the blazar system
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Sada ćemo se udaljiti od blazara
02:24
to show its approximate relationship to the larger galactic context.
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kako bih objasnila njegov odnos u širem kontekstu cijele galaksije.
02:33
Beyond the cosmic accounting of what goes in to what goes out,
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Osim kozmičkog računanja što ide unutra, a što van,
02:38
one of the hot topics in blazar astrophysics right now
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trenutno jedna od vrućih tema u astrofizici blazara
02:41
is where the highest-energy jet emission comes from.
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je saznati odakle dolazi visoko-energetski mlaz.
02:45
In this image, I'm interested in where this white blob forms
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Na ovoj slici mene zanima gdje se točno stvara ova bijela grudica
02:48
and if, as a result, there's any relationship between the jet
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i dali možda postoji posljedična veza između mlaza
02:52
and the accretion disc material.
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i materije akrecijskog diska.
02:55
Clear answers to this question
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Jasan odgovor na to pitanje
02:57
were almost completely inaccessible until 2008,
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bilo je nemoguće dobiti sve do 2008.,
03:00
when NASA launched a new telescope that better detects gamma ray light --
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kada je NASA lansirala novi teleskop koji bolje detektira gama zračenje,
03:04
that is, light with energies a million times higher
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tj. emisiju svjetlosti s energijom milijun puta većom
03:07
than your standard x-ray scan.
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od standardnih X-zraka.
03:10
I simultaneously compare variations between the gamma ray light data
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Ja istovremeno uspoređujem varijacije u podatcima između gama zračenja
03:14
and the visible light data from day to day and year to year,
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i vidljive svjetlosti, iz dana u dan i godine u godinu,
03:18
to better localize these gamma ray blobs.
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kako bih bolje lokalizirala te grudice gama zraka.
03:21
My research shows that in some instances,
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Moje istraživanje pokazuje da se u nekim slučajevima,
03:24
these blobs form much closer to the black hole
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te grudice stvaraju puno bliže crnoj rupi
03:27
than we initially thought.
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nego što smo prvotno mislili.
03:29
As we more confidently localize
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Kako sa sve više sampouzdanja lokaliziramo
03:31
where these gamma ray blobs are forming,
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gdje se stvaraju grudice gama zraka,
03:34
we can better understand how jets are being accelerated,
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bolje razumijemo kako se mlazovi ubrzavaju
03:37
and ultimately reveal the dynamic processes
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i naposlijetku nam otkrivaju dinamičke procese
03:40
by which some of the most fascinating objects in our universe are formed.
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kojima se stvaraju jedni od najočaravajućih objekata u Svemiru.
03:45
This all started as a love story.
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Ovo je počelo kao ljubavna priča.
03:49
And it still is.
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I još uvijek to jest.
03:51
This love transformed me from a curious, stargazing young girl
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Ta ljubav me transformirala iz znatiželjne djevojčice zaljubljene u zvijezde
03:55
to a professional astrophysicist,
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u astrofizičarku po profesiji,
03:57
hot on the heels of celestial discovery.
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koja je u potrazi za nebeskim otkrićima.
04:00
Who knew that chasing after the universe
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Tko bi znao da će me svemirska potraga
04:03
would ground me so deeply to my mission here on Earth.
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duboko vezati za moju misiju ovdje na Zemlji.
04:07
Then again, when do we ever know where love's first flutter
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S druge strane, znamo li ikada gdje će lepršanje leptira u zaljubljenom srcu
04:10
will truly take us.
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nas zaista odvesti.
04:11
Thank you.
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Hvala.
04:13
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
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