Esta Soler: How we turned the tide on domestic violence (Hint: the Polaroid helped)

Prevodilac: Branka Malenica Lektor: Ivana Korom

I want you to imagine

Želim da zamislite

what a breakthrough this was

kakvo je to otkriće bilo

for women who were victims of violence

za žene koje su bile žrtve nasilja

in the 1980s.

u osamdesetim.

They would come into the emergency room

Došle bi u hitnu pomoć

with what the police would call "a lovers' quarrel,"

zbog onoga što su policajci nazivali ljubavnim nesuglasicama

and I would see a woman who was beaten,

i videla bih tu ženu koja je bila tučena,

I would see a broken nose and a fractured wrist

videla bih slomljen nos i izvrnut zglob

and swollen eyes.

i natečene oči.

And as activists, we would take our Polaroid camera,

I kao aktivisti, izvadili bismo naše Polaroid kamere

we would take her picture,

uslikali bismo je,

we would wait 90 seconds,

sačekali bismo 90 sekundi,

and we would give her the photograph.

i dali bismo joj fotografiju.

And she would then have

I onda bi ona imala

the evidence she needed to go to court.

dokaz koji joj je bio potreban da ode na sud.

We were making what was invisible visible.

Ono što je bilo nevidljivo činili smo vidljivim.

I've been doing this for 30 years.

Radim to već 30 godina.

I've been part of a social movement

Deo sam društvenog pokreta

that has been working on ending

koji radi na zaustavljanju

violence against women and children.

nasilja nad ženama i decom.

And for all those years,

I tokom svih tih godina,

I've had an absolutely passionate

vodila sam se strastvenim,

and sometimes not popular belief

a ponekad i nepopularnim mišljenjem

that this violence is not inevitable,

da ovo nasilje nije neizbežno,

that it is learned, and if it's learned,

da se ono uči, i ako je naučeno,

it can be un-learned, and it can be prevented.

može da se oduči, i tako da se spreči.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

Why do I believe this?

Zašto verujem u to?

Because it's true.

Jer je istina.

It is absolutely true.

To je čista istina

Between 1993 and 2010,

Između 1993. i 2010. godine

domestic violence among adult women

nasilje u porodici nad odraslim ženama

in the United States

u SAD

has gone down by 64 percent,

smanjilo se za 64 odsto,

and that is great news.

i to su sjajne vesti.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

Sixty-four percent. Now, how did we get there?

64 odsto. Kako li smo došli dotle?

Our eyes were wide open.

Naše oči bile su širom otvorene.

Thirty years ago, women were beaten,

Pre trideset godina, žene su tukli,

they were stalked, they were raped,

pratili ih, silovali,

and no one talked about it.

i niko nije pričao o tome.

There was no justice.

Nije bilo pravde.

And as an activist, that was not good enough.

I kao aktivistkinji, to mi nije bilo dovoljno.

And so step one on this journey

I zato prvi korak na ovom putovaju

is we organized,

bio je to što smo organizovali,

and we created this extraordinary

i kreirali ovu izvanrednu

underground network of amazing women

podzemnu mrežu fantastičnih žena

who opened shelters,

koje su otvorile skloništa,

and if they didn't open a shelter,

a ako nisu otvorile skloništa,

they opened their home

otvorile bi svoj dom

so that women and children could be safe.

kako bi žene i deca bili sigurni.

And you know what else we did?

I znate li šta smo još uradili?

We had bake sales, we had car washes,

Organizovali smo prodaju peciva, pranje automobila,

and we did everything we could do to fundraise,

radili smo sve što je u našoj moći da prikupimo novac,

and then at one point we said,

i onda smo u jednom momentu rekli

you know, it's time that we went

znate, vreme je da odemo

to the federal government

u državnu upravu

and asked them to pay for these

i pitamo ih da nam plate

extraordinary services that are saving people's lives.

za ove neverovatne usluge koje spasavaju ljudima živote.

Right? (Applause)

Zar ne? (Aplauz)

And so, step number two,

Tako dolazimo do koraka broj dva,

we knew we needed to change the laws.

jer znali smo da zakon mora da se promeni.

And so we went to Washington,

I zato smo otišli u Vašington,

and we lobbied for the first piece of legislation.

i lobirali smo za prvi pravni akt.

And I remember walking through the halls

Sećam se kako sam išla tim hodnicima

of the U.S. Capitol,

američke prestonice,

and I was in my 30s, and my life had purpose,

bila sam u tridesetim, i moj život je imao svrhu,

and I couldn't imagine

i nisam mogla da zamislim

that anybody would ever challenge

da će iko ikada probati da ospori

this important piece of legislation.

ovaj bitni pravni akt.

I was probably 30 and naive.

Verovatno sam samo bila naivna tridesetogodišnjakinja.

But I heard about a congressman

Ali čula sam za kongresmena

who had a very, very different point of view.

koji je imao vrlo, vrlo drugačiji stav o tome.

Do you know what he called

Znate li kako je zvao

this important piece of legislation?

taj važni pravni akt?

He called it the Take the Fun Out of Marriage Act.

Zvao ga je Akt o izbacivanju zabave iz braka.

The Take the Fun Out of Marriage Act.

Akt o izbacivanju zabave iz braka.

Ladies and gentlemen, that was in 1984

Dame i gospodo, to je bilo 1984. godine

in the United States, and I wish I had Twitter.

u SAD i volela bih da sam imala Tviter.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

Ten years later, after lots of hard work,

Deset godina kasnije, nakon puno napornog rada,

we finally passed the Violence Against Women Act,

konačno je prihvaćen Akt protiv nasilja nad ženama,

which is a life-changing act

a to je akt koji može da promeni živote

that has saved so many lives. (Applause)

i koji je spasao toliko mnogo života. (Aplauz)

Thank you.

Hvala vam.

I was proud to be part of that work,

Bila sam ponosna što sam bila deo toga,

and it changed the laws

a to je dovelo do promene zakona

and it put millions of dollars into local communities.

i milioni dolara uplaćeni su

lokalnim zajednicama.

And you know what else it did? It collected data.

Znate li do čega je to još dovelo?

And I have to tell you, I'm passionate about data.

Do skupljanja podataka.

Da znate, podaci su moja strast!

In fact, I am a data nerd.

Zapravo, pravi sam štreber po tom pitanju.

I'm sure there are a lot of data nerds here.

Verujem da ovde ima puno štrebera za podatke.

I am a data nerd,

Ja sam štreber za podatke,

and the reason for that is I want to make sure

a to je tako jer želim da budem sigurna

that if we spend a dollar, that the program works,

da će program raditi ako potrošimo samo dolar,

and if it doesn't work, we should change the plan.

a ako ne bude radio, treba da promenimo plan.

And I also want to say one other thing:

Želim da kažem još jednu stvar:

We are not going to solve this problem

nećemo rešiti ovaj problem

by building more jails

građenjem novih zatvora,

or by even building more shelters.

pa čak ni novih skloništa.

It is about economic empowerment for women,

Radi se o boljem ekonomskom statusu žena,

it is about healing kids who are hurt,

o nezi povređene dece,

and it is about prevention with a capital P.

o prevenciji sa velikim P.

And so, step number three on this journey:

I zato, korak broj tri na ovom putovanju:

We know, if we're going to keep making this progress,

znamo da, ako želimo da nastavimo s ovim napretkom,

we're going to have to turn up the volume,

moramo da pojačamo zvuk,

we're going to have to increase the visibility,

moramo da budemo vidljiviji,

and we're going to have to engage the public.

i moramo da uključimo javnost.

And so knowing that, we went to the Advertising Council,

Znajući to, otišli smo do Saveta za marketing

and we asked them to help us

i zamolili smo ih da nam pomognu

build a public education campaign.

da napravimo kampanju za edukaciju javnosti.

And we looked around the world to Canada

Gledali smo kako to rade širom sveta

and Australia and Brazil and parts of Africa,

u Kanadi, Australiji i Brazilu i delovima Afrike,

and we took this knowledge

i upotrebili smo novo znanje

and we built the first national

i napravili prvu nacionalnu

public education campaign

kampanju za edukaciju javnosti

called There's No Excuse for Domestic Violence.

koja se zvala "Za nasilje u porodici nema izgovora".

Take a look at one of our spots.

Pogledajte jedan naš spot.

(Video) Man: Where's dinner?

(Video) Muškarac: Gde je večera?

Woman: Well, I thought you'd be home a couple hours ago, and I put everything away, so—

Žena: Pa, mislila sam da ćeš doći kući pre par sati i sve sam sklonila, pa...

Man: What is this? Pizza. Woman: If you had just called me, I would have known—

Muškarac: Šta je ovo? Pica?

Žena: Da si me samo nazvao, znala bih....

Man: Dinner? Dinner ready is a pizza? Woman: Honey, please don't be so loud.

Muškarac: Pica za večeru?

Žena: Dragi, nemoj tako glasno.

Please don't—Let go of me!

Molim te nemoj - Pusti me!

Man: Get in the kitchen! Woman: No! Help!

Muškarac: Idi u kuhinju! Žena: Ne! Upomoć!

Man: You want to see what hurts? (Slaps woman)

Muškarac: Hoćeš li da vidiš šta boli? (Udara ženu)

That's what hurts! That's what hurts! (Breaking glass)

Ovo boli! Ovo boli! (Staklo se lomi)

Woman: Help me!

Žena: Molim te!

["Children have to sit by and watch. What's your excuse?"]

["Deca moraju da sede i gledaju. Koji je tvoj izgovor"]

Esta Soler: As we were in the process

Esra Soler: Dok smo bili u procesu

of releasing this campaign,

objavljivanja kampanje

O.J. Simpson was arrested

O.Dž. Simpson je bio uhapšen

for the murder of his wife and her friend.

za ubistvo svoje žene i njene prijateljice.

We learned that he had a long history

Saznali smo da je imao dugu istoriju

of domestic violence.

nasilja u porodici.

The media became fixated.

Mediji su postali opsednuti.

The story of domestic violence

Priča o nasilju u porodici

went from the back page,

popela se sa poslednje,

but actually from the no-page, to the front page.

zapravo, sa nepostojeće, na naslovnu stranicu.

Our ads blanketed the airwaves,

Naša reklama je bila svuda u etru,

and women, for the first time,

i žene su, po prvi put,

started to tell their stories.

počele da dele svoje priče.

Movements are about moments,

Pokreti nastaju zbog momenata

and we seized this moment.

i mi smo ugrabili taj momenat.

And let me just put this in context.

Dopustite mi da vas upoznam sa širim kontekstom.

Before 1980, do you have any idea

Imate li ideju koliko je članaka pre 1980.

how many articles were in The New York Times

objavljeno u Njujork tajmsu

on domestic violence?

o nasilju u porodici?

I'll tell you: 158.

Reći ću vam: 158.

And in the 2000s, over 7,000.

A u godinama nakon 2000. preko 7000.

We were obviously making a difference.

Bilo je očigledno da smo pravili razliku.

But we were still missing a critical element.

Ali i dalje nam je falio najvažniji element.

So, step four: We needed to engage men.

Dakle, četvrti korak: morali smo da uključimo muškarce.

We couldn't solve this problem

Nismo mogli da rešimo ovaj problem

with 50 percent of the population on the sidelines.

dok 50 odsto populacije stoji sa strane.

And I already told you I'm a data nerd.

Već sam vam rekla da sam štreber za podatke.

National polling told us that men felt indicted

Rezultati nacionalne ankete pokazali su da su se muškarci osećali optuženim,

and not invited into this conversation.

a ne pozvanim u ovu konverzaciju.

So we wondered, how can we include men?

Zato smo se upitali kako da uključimo i muškarce?

How can we get men to talk about

Kako da nateramo muškarce da govore

violence against women and girls?

o nasilju nad ženama i devojčicama?

And a male friend of mine pulled me aside

Jedan muški prijatelj me je sklonio u stranu

and he said, "You want men to talk about violence

i rekao: "Želiš da muškarci pričaju o nasilju

against women and girls. Men don't talk."

nad ženama i devojčicama. Muškarci ne pričaju."

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

I apologize to the men in the audience.

Izvinjavam se muškarcima u publici.

I know you do.

Znam da vi pričate.

But he said, "Do you know what they do do?

Ali onda mi je rekao: "Znaš li šta oni rade?

They do talk to their kids.

Oni pričaju sa svojom decom.

They talk to their kids as parents, as coaches."

Pričaju sa svojom decom kao roditelji, kao treneri."

And that's what we did.

I upravo to smo uradili.

We met men where they were at

Našli smo se na njihovom terenu

and we built a program.

i napravili smo program.

And then we had this one event

Onda smo imali jedan događaj

that stays in my heart forever

koji će zauvek ostati u mom srcu

where a basketball coach

kada je jedan trener košarke

was talking to a room filled with male athletes

govorio u prostoriji punoj sportista

and men from all walks of life.

i muškaraca koji vode različite živote.

And he was talking about the importance

Pričao je o važnosti

of coaching boys into men

obrazovanja dečaka u muškarce

and changing the culture of the locker room

i promeni kulture ponašanja u svlačionici

and giving men the tools to have healthy relationships.

i o davanju uslova muškarcima za stvaranje zdravih veza.

And all of a sudden, he looked at the back of the room,

I odjednom je pogledao u drugi kraj prostorije

and he saw his daughter,

i video svoju ćerku

and he called out his daughter's name, Michaela,

i kazao njeno ime, Mihaela,

and he said, "Michaela, come up here."

i rekao: "Mihaela dođi ovde."

And she's nine years old, and she was kind of shy,

Imala je devet godina i bila je pomalo stidljiva,

and she got up there,

ali otišla je tamo,

and he said, "Sit down next to me."

a on je rekao: "Sedi pored mene."

She sat right down next to him.

Sela je tačno pored njega.

He gave her this big hug, and he said,

Snažno ju je zagrlio i rekao:

"People ask me why I do this work.

"Ljudi me pitaju zašto radim ovaj posao.

I do this work because I'm her dad,

Radim ovo jer sam ja njen tata,

and I don't want anyone ever to hurt her."

i ne želim da je iko ikada povredi."

And as a parent, I get it.

Kao roditelj, razumem ga.

I get it,

Razumem jer znam

knowing that there are so many sexual assaults

da se seksualni napadi prečesto dešavaju

on college campuses

u studentskim kampusima

that are so widespread and so under-reported.

oni su toliko česti, a toliko ih je malo prijavljenih.

We've done a lot for adult women.

Učinili smo puno toga za odrasle žene.

We've got to do a better job for our kids.

Moramo uraditi bolji posao za našu decu.

We just do. We have to. (Applause)

Jednostavno je tako. Moramo. (Aplauz)

We've come a long way

Prešli smo veliki put

since the days of the Polaroid.

od dana kada smo koristili polaroide.

Technology has been our friend.

Tehnologija je bila naš prijatelj.

The mobile phone is a global game changer

Mobilni telefon je potpuno preokrenuo igru

for the empowerment of women,

i žene su postale sažnije,

and Facebook and Twitter and Google and YouTube

a Fejsbuk, Tviter, Gugl i Jutjub

and all the social media helps us organize

i svi društveni mediji pomogli su nam da osmislimo

and tell our story in a powerful way.

i ispričamo našu priču na moćan način.

And so those of you in this audience

I zato svima vama iz publike

who have helped build those applications

koji ste učestvovali u stvaranju tih aplikacija

and those platforms, as an organizer,

i tih platformi, kao organizator

I say, thank you very much.

želim da vam kažem veliko hvala.

Really. I clap for you.

Zaista, aplaudiram vam.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

I'm the daughter of a man

Moj otac je čovek koji se

who joined one club in his life,

za života učlanio u samo jedan klub

the Optimist Club.

Klub optimista.

You can't make that one up.

Ne možete to da izmislite.

And it is his spirit and his optimism

Njegov duh i njegov optimizam

that is in my DNA.

su u mojim genima.

I have been doing this work

Bavim se ovim radom

for over 30 years,

preko trideset godina,

and I am convinced, now more than ever,

i ubeđena sam, sad više nego ikad,

in the capacity of human beings to change.

u to da su ljudi spremni na promenu.

I believe we can bend the arc of human history

Verujem da možemo da usmerimo tok ljudske istorije

toward compassion and equality,

prema samilosti i jednakosti,

and I also fundamentally believe

i takođe duboko verujem

and passionately believe

i strastveno verujem

that this violence does not have to be part

u to da nasilje ne mora da bude

of the human condition.

deo čovečnosti.

And I ask you, stand with us

Zato vas molim da budete uz nas

as we create futures without violence

dok stvaramo budućnost bez nasilja

for women and girls and men and boys everywhere.

za žene i devojčice i muškarce i dečake širom sveta.

Thank you very much.

Mnogo vam hvala.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)