Esta Soler: How we turned the tide on domestic violence (Hint: the Polaroid helped)

譯者: Marssi Draw 審譯者: Jun CHEN

I want you to imagine

請各位想像

what a breakthrough this was

對 1980 年代

for women who were victims of violence

受暴婦女來說

in the 1980s.

這是多麼大的突破。

They would come into the emergency room

她們進入急診室，

with what the police would call "a lovers' quarrel,"

帶著警察稱為「情侶爭執」的傷，

and I would see a woman who was beaten,

我會看到一位被毆打的女性，

I would see a broken nose and a fractured wrist

我會看到被打斷的鼻子、折斷的手腕

and swollen eyes.

和腫脹的雙眼。

And as activists, we would take our Polaroid camera,

身為行動主義者，我們會拿起拍立得相機

we would take her picture,

為她們拍照，

we would wait 90 seconds,

等待 90 秒後，

and we would give her the photograph.

再把相片交給她。

And she would then have

因此她就會有

the evidence she needed to go to court.

上法庭時需要用到的證據。

We were making what was invisible visible.

我們做的事情是讓看不見的被看見。

I've been doing this for 30 years.

我做這件事 30 年了。

I've been part of a social movement

我一直參與這項社會運動，

that has been working on ending

目的在終止

violence against women and children.

對婦女與兒童施暴。

And for all those years,

那麼多年來，

I've had an absolutely passionate

我有絕對的熱情，

and sometimes not popular belief

而且還有偶爾不太受歡迎的信念，

that this violence is not inevitable,

那就是這暴力並不是無法避免的，

that it is learned, and if it's learned,

那是經由學習而來，而如果是學來的，

it can be un-learned, and it can be prevented.

也可以解除學習，而且還能預防。

(Applause)

（掌聲）

Why do I believe this?

為什麼我相信這個？

Because it's true.

因為這是事實。

It is absolutely true.

那是千真萬確的事實。

Between 1993 and 2010,

在 1993 年到 2010 年之間，

domestic violence among adult women

成年女性的家暴案件

in the United States

在美國

has gone down by 64 percent,

已經減少了 64%，

and that is great news.

那是個天大的好消息。

(Applause)

（掌聲）

Sixty-four percent. Now, how did we get there?

64%！我們是怎麼辦到的？

Our eyes were wide open.

我們大開眼界。

Thirty years ago, women were beaten,

30 年前，女性被毆打、

they were stalked, they were raped,

被跟蹤、被強暴，

and no one talked about it.

卻沒有人談這件事。

There was no justice.

世上沒有正義。

And as an activist, that was not good enough.

身為行動主義者， 這樣的世界不夠好。

And so step one on this journey

因此這段旅程的第一步

is we organized,

是組織，

and we created this extraordinary

我們建立了這個特別的地下網絡，

underground network of amazing women

其中有許多卓越的女性

who opened shelters,

設立了庇護所，

and if they didn't open a shelter,

如果她們不是開設庇護所，

they opened their home

就是開放自己的家，

so that women and children could be safe.

如此一來女性和小孩就能安全無虞。

And you know what else we did?

你知道我們還做了什麼嗎？

We had bake sales, we had car washes,

我們賣烘焙食品、洗車，

and we did everything we could do to fundraise,

還做任何能募款的事情，

and then at one point we said,

直到有一刻我們想，

you know, it's time that we went

是時候該去

to the federal government

聯邦政府

and asked them to pay for these

要求他們為這些

extraordinary services that are saving people's lives.

救人命的非凡服務付費了。

Right? (Applause)

對吧？（掌聲）

And so, step number two,

因此，第二步，

we knew we needed to change the laws.

我們知道需要修法。

And so we went to Washington,

因此我們前進華盛頓，

and we lobbied for the first piece of legislation.

進行第一波立法遊說。

And I remember walking through the halls

我記得穿越

of the U.S. Capitol,

美國國會大廈大廳，

and I was in my 30s, and my life had purpose,

那時我才三十多歲，我有使命，

and I couldn't imagine

我無法想像

that anybody would ever challenge

有人會反對

this important piece of legislation.

這項重要法令。

I was probably 30 and naive.

我才大概 30 歲，而且很天真。

But I heard about a congressman

但是我聽過一位國會議員

who had a very, very different point of view.

提出非常非常獨特的觀點。

Do you know what he called

你知道他怎麼稱呼

this important piece of legislation?

這項重要的法令嗎？

He called it the Take the Fun Out of Marriage Act.

他稱之為「讓婚姻索然無味法」，

The Take the Fun Out of Marriage Act.

讓婚姻索然無味法。

Ladies and gentlemen, that was in 1984

各位女士、先生， 那是在 1984 年的美國，

in the United States, and I wish I had Twitter.

真希望我那時有推特。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

Ten years later, after lots of hard work,

十年後，經過許多努力，

we finally passed the Violence Against Women Act,

我們終於通過「防止婦女受暴法案」，

which is a life-changing act

這是會改變人們一生的法案，

that has saved so many lives. (Applause)

拯救了許多人命。 （掌聲）

Thank you.

謝謝。

I was proud to be part of that work,

很榮幸我能參與那項工作，

and it changed the laws

修改法令，

and it put millions of dollars into local communities.

並且挹注百萬美元到社區裡。

And you know what else it did? It collected data.

你知道那還帶來了什麼嗎？收集數據。

And I have to tell you, I'm passionate about data.

我得告訴你，我對數據充滿熱情。

In fact, I am a data nerd.

其實我是數據迷。

I'm sure there are a lot of data nerds here.

我相信在座也有很多數據迷。

I am a data nerd,

我是數據迷，

and the reason for that is I want to make sure

原因是我想確定

that if we spend a dollar, that the program works,

我們花的每一塊錢都有成效，

and if it doesn't work, we should change the plan.

如果沒有成效，我們就得換個計畫。

And I also want to say one other thing:

我想再分享另一件事：

We are not going to solve this problem

要解決這個問題，我們不打算

by building more jails

透過蓋更多監獄

or by even building more shelters.

或是設立更多庇護所。

It is about economic empowerment for women,

而是要賦予女性經濟權、

it is about healing kids who are hurt,

治療受傷的孩子，

and it is about prevention with a capital P.

以及最重要的「預防」。

And so, step number three on this journey:

因此，這趟旅程的第三步是：

We know, if we're going to keep making this progress,

我們了解如果想繼續推展，

we're going to have to turn up the volume,

我們就要大聲呼籲，

we're going to have to increase the visibility,

我們就要增加能見度，

and we're going to have to engage the public.

我們就要讓大眾參與。

And so knowing that, we went to the Advertising Council,

知道怎麼做之後， 我們就去拜訪廣告委員會，

and we asked them to help us

請他們協助我們

build a public education campaign.

辦理公眾教育活動。

And we looked around the world to Canada

我們找遍世界各地，像是加拿大、

and Australia and Brazil and parts of Africa,

澳洲、巴西和部分非洲，

and we took this knowledge

我們吸取這知識，

and we built the first national

並且建立了第一個全國性的

public education campaign

公共教育活動，

called There's No Excuse for Domestic Violence.

名為「家暴沒有藉口」。

Take a look at one of our spots.

看看我們其中一個節目。

(Video) Man: Where's dinner?

（影片）男：晚餐呢？

Woman: Well, I thought you'd be home a couple hours ago, and I put everything away, so—

女：嗯，我以為你幾個小時前就會回家， 就把東西都收起來了，所以…

Man: What is this? Pizza. Woman: If you had just called me, I would have known—

男：這是什麼？披薩。 女：如果你先打通電話給我，我就會知道…

Man: Dinner? Dinner ready is a pizza? Woman: Honey, please don't be so loud.

男：晚餐？準備好的晚餐是披薩？ 女：親愛的，請別這麼大聲。

Please don't—Let go of me!

別這樣──放開我！

Man: Get in the kitchen! Woman: No! Help!

男：去廚房！ 女：不要！拜託！

Man: You want to see what hurts? (Slaps woman)

男：你想看看什麼叫痛嗎？（摑女巴掌）

That's what hurts! That's what hurts! (Breaking glass)

那才叫痛！那才叫痛！（摔破玻璃）

Woman: Help me!

女：救命！

["Children have to sit by and watch. What's your excuse?"]

【小孩必須坐在旁邊看。 你的藉口是什麼？】

Esta Soler: As we were in the process

伊斯塔：在我們推行

of releasing this campaign,

這個活動的過程中，

O.J. Simpson was arrested

辛普森被逮捕入獄，

for the murder of his wife and her friend.

因為他謀殺了他的妻子和她的朋友。

We learned that he had a long history

我們知道他長期

of domestic violence.

在家中施暴。

The media became fixated.

媒體開始關注。

The story of domestic violence

家暴的故事

went from the back page,

從最後一版，

but actually from the no-page, to the front page.

其實是從放不上版面，到上了頭版。

Our ads blanketed the airwaves,

我們的廣告在廣播中舖天蓋地，

and women, for the first time,

而這也是第一次，

started to tell their stories.

女性開始訴說她們的故事。

Movements are about moments,

運動的關鍵是時機，

and we seized this moment.

我們緊抓住這一刻。

And let me just put this in context.

讓我先補充說明一點。

Before 1980, do you have any idea

1980 年之前，你知道

how many articles were in The New York Times

紐約時報上有多少報導

on domestic violence?

是關於家庭暴力嗎？

I'll tell you: 158.

我告訴你：158 則。

And in the 2000s, over 7,000.

而在 2000 年代則超過 7,000 件。

We were obviously making a difference.

顯然我們造成了影響。

But we were still missing a critical element.

但我們還是漏了關鍵的一點。

So, step four: We needed to engage men.

因此，第四步：我們應該把男性拉進來。

We couldn't solve this problem

我們不能在解決這個問題時，

with 50 percent of the population on the sidelines.

有 50% 的人口袖手旁觀。

And I already told you I'm a data nerd.

我剛說過我是數據迷。

National polling told us that men felt indicted

全國民調中顯示男性覺得被指控，

and not invited into this conversation.

且未受邀參與這場對話。

So we wondered, how can we include men?

因此我開始思考， 我們要怎麼把男性拉進來？

How can we get men to talk about

我們要怎麼讓男人討論

violence against women and girls?

反對向女人和女孩施暴？

And a male friend of mine pulled me aside

有位男性友人把我拉到一旁，

and he said, "You want men to talk about violence

他說：「你想要男人討論 反對向女人和女孩施暴？

against women and girls. Men don't talk."

他們才不會要。」

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

I apologize to the men in the audience.

我向在場的男性觀眾致歉。

I know you do.

我知道你們會說。

But he said, "Do you know what they do do?

但是他說：「你知道他們會做什麼嗎？

They do talk to their kids.

他們會跟自己的小孩對話。

They talk to their kids as parents, as coaches."

他們以父母和教練的身分和孩子對話。」

And that's what we did.

那就是我們做的事。

We met men where they were at

我們造訪男性會出現的地方，

and we built a program.

並且開展計畫。

And then we had this one event

接著我們策畫這個活動，

that stays in my heart forever

這個活動永存我心，

where a basketball coach

有一位籃球教練

was talking to a room filled with male athletes

對著一間滿是男性運動員

and men from all walks of life.

和來自各行各業的男性說話。

And he was talking about the importance

他談到一些事情的重要性，

of coaching boys into men

包括把男孩訓練成男人、

and changing the culture of the locker room

改變置物間的文化，

and giving men the tools to have healthy relationships.

以及提供男性擁有健全關係的方法。

And all of a sudden, he looked at the back of the room,

突然間他看向房間的後面，

and he saw his daughter,

看到了他的女兒，

and he called out his daughter's name, Michaela,

他叫了女兒的名字，「米凱拉」，

and he said, "Michaela, come up here."

他說：「米凱拉，上台來。」

And she's nine years old, and she was kind of shy,

她那時才九歲，有點害羞，

and she got up there,

上了台後，

and he said, "Sit down next to me."

他說：「坐在我旁邊」。

She sat right down next to him.

她就坐在他身邊。

He gave her this big hug, and he said,

他給了她一個大大的擁抱，他說：

"People ask me why I do this work.

「大家問我為什麼要做這件事。

I do this work because I'm her dad,

我做這件事是因為我是她的父親，

and I don't want anyone ever to hurt her."

我不希望有人傷害她。」

And as a parent, I get it.

身為家長，我了解。

I get it,

我了解，

knowing that there are so many sexual assaults

我知道有很多性侵案件

on college campuses

發生在大學校園，

that are so widespread and so under-reported.

如此普遍卻隱而不報。

We've done a lot for adult women.

我們為成年女性做了很多，

We've got to do a better job for our kids.

我們得為自己的孩子做得更好。

We just do. We have to. (Applause)

我們要做，我們不得不這麼做。 （掌聲）

We've come a long way

從拍立得那個年代開始，

since the days of the Polaroid.

我們走了好長一段路。

Technology has been our friend.

科技一直是我們的朋友。

The mobile phone is a global game changer

行動電話是改變世界的工具，

for the empowerment of women,

幫助賦予女性權力，

and Facebook and Twitter and Google and YouTube

臉書、推特、Google 和 Youtube，

and all the social media helps us organize

以及所有社群媒體協助我們

and tell our story in a powerful way.

用強而有力的方式組織並訴說故事。

And so those of you in this audience

因此在座觀眾中

who have helped build those applications

曾協助我們建置文件、

and those platforms, as an organizer,

舞台的人們，身為發起人，

I say, thank you very much.

我想說，非常謝謝你們。

Really. I clap for you.

真的，我要獻上我的掌聲。

(Applause)

（掌聲）

I'm the daughter of a man

我是一名男士的女兒，

who joined one club in his life,

他在人生中曾加入一個俱樂部，

the Optimist Club.

樂觀俱樂部。

You can't make that one up.

那是騙不了人的。

And it is his spirit and his optimism

他的精神和樂觀

that is in my DNA.

深植在我的基因裡。

I have been doing this work

我做這項工作

for over 30 years,

已長達 30 年了，

and I am convinced, now more than ever,

我深信，從未如此深信不疑，

in the capacity of human beings to change.

人類有能力改變。

I believe we can bend the arc of human history

我相信我們可以改變人類歷史的趨勢，

toward compassion and equality,

朝向憐憫和平等，

and I also fundamentally believe

我也打從心底相信，

and passionately believe

且熱血澎湃地相信，

that this violence does not have to be part

暴力不一定要存在

of the human condition.

人類的生活環境中。

And I ask you, stand with us

請各位與我們一起站出來，

as we create futures without violence

在我們打造無暴力未來時，

for women and girls and men and boys everywhere.

幫助各個角落的婦女、 女孩、男士與男孩。

Thank you very much.

非常感謝大家。

(Applause)

（掌聲）