Esta Soler: How we turned the tide on domestic violence (Hint: the Polaroid helped)

Translator: Nika Kotnik Reviewer: Klavdija Cernilogar

I want you to imagine

Predstavljajte si,

what a breakthrough this was

kakšen dosežek je bil to

for women who were victims of violence

za ženske, ki so bile žrtve nasilja

in the 1980s.

v 1980-ih.

They would come into the emergency room

Prišle so na urgenco,

with what the police would call "a lovers' quarrel,"

zaradi, kot so temu rekli policisti, "ljubezenskega prepirčka",

and I would see a woman who was beaten,

jaz pa sem videla pretepeno žensko,

I would see a broken nose and a fractured wrist

videla sem zlomljen nos in zapestje

and swollen eyes.

in zatečene oči.

And as activists, we would take our Polaroid camera,

Kot aktivisti smo vzeli polaroidni fotoaparat,

we would take her picture,

jo fotografirali,

we would wait 90 seconds,

počakali 90 sekund

and we would give her the photograph.

in ji dali fotografijo.

And she would then have

Tako je imela dokaz,

the evidence she needed to go to court.

ki ga je potrebovala za sodišče.

We were making what was invisible visible.

Posneli smo, kar je bilo vidno.

I've been doing this for 30 years.

To počnem že 30 let.

I've been part of a social movement

Sem del družbenega gibanja,

that has been working on ending

ki se bori za konec

violence against women and children.

nasilja nad ženskami in otroci.

And for all those years,

In vsa ta leta

I've had an absolutely passionate

sem absolutno in strastno prepričana,

and sometimes not popular belief

čeprav je to prepričanje na čase nepriljubljeno,

that this violence is not inevitable,

da to nasilje ni neizogibno,

that it is learned, and if it's learned,

da je naučeno, in če je naučeno,

it can be un-learned, and it can be prevented.

se ga lahko odučimo in ga preprečimo.

(Applause)

(Aplavz)

Why do I believe this?

Zakaj to verjamem?

Because it's true.

Ker je res.

It is absolutely true.

Popolnoma je resnično.

Between 1993 and 2010,

Med letoma 1993 in 2010

domestic violence among adult women

se je družinsko nasilje nad odraslimi ženskami

in the United States

v Združenih državah

has gone down by 64 percent,

znižalo za 64 odstotkov

and that is great news.

in to so odlične novice.

(Applause)

(Aplavz)

Sixty-four percent. Now, how did we get there?

64 odstotkov. Kako smo prišli do tega?

Our eyes were wide open.

Naše oči so bile na široko odprte.

Thirty years ago, women were beaten,

Pred tridesetimi leti so bile ženske tepene,

they were stalked, they were raped,

zasledovane, posiljene

and no one talked about it.

in o tem ni nihče govoril.

There was no justice.

Ni bilo pravice.

And as an activist, that was not good enough.

Kot aktivistki se mi to ni zdelo dovolj.

And so step one on this journey

Zato je bil prvi korak tega potovanja

is we organized,

organizacija

and we created this extraordinary

in ustvarili smo neverjetno

underground network of amazing women

podzemno mrežo neverjetnih žensk,

who opened shelters,

ki so odpirale zavetišča,

and if they didn't open a shelter,

in če niso odpirale zavetišč,

they opened their home

so odprle svoje domove,

so that women and children could be safe.

da bi bile te ženske in otroci varni.

And you know what else we did?

In veste, kaj smo še storili?

We had bake sales, we had car washes,

Prodajali smo pecivo, prali avtomobile

and we did everything we could do to fundraise,

in počeli vse, da smo zbrali sredstva,

and then at one point we said,

in na neki točki smo rekli,

you know, it's time that we went

veste, čas je, da gremo

to the federal government

do zvezne vlade,

and asked them to pay for these

in jim rečemo, naj plačajo za te

extraordinary services that are saving people's lives.

neverjetne dejavnosti, ki ljudem rešujejo življenja.

Right? (Applause)

Kajne? (Aplavz)

And so, step number two,

In drugi korak,

we knew we needed to change the laws.

vedeli smo, da moramo spremeniti zakone.

And so we went to Washington,

Zato smo šli v Washington

and we lobbied for the first piece of legislation.

in lobirali za prvo zakonodajo.

And I remember walking through the halls

Spominjam se, ko sem hodila po hodnikih

of the U.S. Capitol,

Kapitola,

and I was in my 30s, and my life had purpose,

bila sem v svojih 30-ih in moje življenje je imelo pomen

and I couldn't imagine

in nisem si mogla predstavljati,

that anybody would ever challenge

zakaj bi nekdo nasprotoval

this important piece of legislation.

temu pomembnemu zakonu.

I was probably 30 and naive.

Stara sem bila 30 let in naivna.

But I heard about a congressman

Ampak slišala sem za kongresnika,

who had a very, very different point of view.

ki je bil zelo, zelo drugačnega mišljenja.

Do you know what he called

Veste, kako je poimenoval

this important piece of legislation?

ta pomembni zakon?

He called it the Take the Fun Out of Marriage Act.

Zakon o "zdolgočasenju zakonske zveze".

The Take the Fun Out of Marriage Act.

Zakon o "zdolgočasenju zakonske zveze".

Ladies and gentlemen, that was in 1984

Dame in gospodje, bilo je leto 1984

in the United States, and I wish I had Twitter.

v ZDA in želim si, da bi takrat imela Twitter.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

Ten years later, after lots of hard work,

Deset let kasneje, z veliko trdega dela,

we finally passed the Violence Against Women Act,

smo končno sprejeli zakon O nasilju nad ženskami,

which is a life-changing act

ki je spremenil življenja

that has saved so many lives. (Applause)

in jih veliko tudi rešil. (Aplavz)

Thank you.

Hvala.

I was proud to be part of that work,

Bila sem ponosna, da sem bila del tega,

and it changed the laws

spremenili so se zakoni

and it put millions of dollars into local communities.

in milijoni dolarjev so šli v lokalne skupnosti.

And you know what else it did? It collected data.

In veste, kaj se je še zgodilo? Zbrali smo podatke.

And I have to tell you, I'm passionate about data.

In moram vam povedati, podatki so moja strast.

In fact, I am a data nerd.

Pravzaprav sem podatkovni piflar.

I'm sure there are a lot of data nerds here.

Prepričana sem, da je tu veliko podatkovnih piflarjev.

I am a data nerd,

sem podatkovni piflar

and the reason for that is I want to make sure

in to zato, ker se hočem prepričati,

that if we spend a dollar, that the program works,

da če zapravimo dolar, da program deluje,

and if it doesn't work, we should change the plan.

in če ne deluje, moramo spremeniti načrt.

And I also want to say one other thing:

In rada bi rekla še nekaj:

We are not going to solve this problem

tega problema ne bomo rešili,

by building more jails

če zgradimo še več zaporov

or by even building more shelters.

ali če celo zgradimo več zavetišč.

It is about economic empowerment for women,

Gre za ekonomsko opolnomočenje žensk,

it is about healing kids who are hurt,

za pomoč otrokom, ki trpijo,

and it is about prevention with a capital P.

in preventivo z velikim P.

And so, step number three on this journey:

In tako je korak številka 3 tega potovanja:

We know, if we're going to keep making this progress,

Vemo, da če hočemo še napredovati,

we're going to have to turn up the volume,

bomo morali biti glasnejši,

we're going to have to increase the visibility,

morali bomo biti bolj vidni,

and we're going to have to engage the public.

in morali bomo vplesti javnost.

And so knowing that, we went to the Advertising Council,

S tem znanjem smo šli do sveta oglaševalcev

and we asked them to help us

in jih prosili za pomoč

build a public education campaign.

pri sestavljanju javne kampanje ozaveščanja.

And we looked around the world to Canada

In pogledali smo po svetu, Kanado,

and Australia and Brazil and parts of Africa,

in Avstralijo in Brazilijo in dele Afrike

and we took this knowledge

in s tem znanjem

and we built the first national

smo zgradili prvo državno

public education campaign

javnozdravstveno kampanjo,

called There's No Excuse for Domestic Violence.

imenovano Ni izgovora za družinsko nasilje.

Take a look at one of our spots.

Poglejte enega izmed naših oglasov.

(Video) Man: Where's dinner?

(Video) Moški: Kje je večerja?

Woman: Well, I thought you'd be home a couple hours ago, and I put everything away, so—

Ženska: Mislila sem, da boš doma že prej, in sem že vse pospravila--

Man: What is this? Pizza. Woman: If you had just called me, I would have known—

Moški: Kaj je to? Pica? Ženska: Če bi poklical, bi vedela-

Man: Dinner? Dinner ready is a pizza? Woman: Honey, please don't be so loud.

Moški: Večerja? Večerja je pica? Ženska: Dragi, ne bodi glasen.

Please don't—Let go of me!

Prosim ne-Izpusti me!

Man: Get in the kitchen! Woman: No! Help!

Moški: V kuhinjo! Ženska: Ne! Na pomoč!

Man: You want to see what hurts? (Slaps woman)

Moški. Bi rada videla, kaj boli? (Klofuta)

That's what hurts! That's what hurts! (Breaking glass)

To boli! To boli! (Lomljenje stekla)

Woman: Help me!

Ženska: Na pomoč!

["Children have to sit by and watch. What's your excuse?"]

[Otroci morajo sedeti in gledati. Kaj pa je vaš izgovor?]

Esta Soler: As we were in the process

Esta Soler: Ko smo bili v procesu

of releasing this campaign,

objave kampanje,

O.J. Simpson was arrested

so O.J. Simpsona aretirali

for the murder of his wife and her friend.

zaradi umora žene in njenega prijatelja.

We learned that he had a long history

Spoznali smo, da je imel dolgo zgodovino

of domestic violence.

družinskega nasilja.

The media became fixated.

Mediji so postali osredotočeni.

The story of domestic violence

Zgodba o družinskem nasilju

went from the back page,

je šla z zadnje strani,

but actually from the no-page, to the front page.

oziroma z nobene strani, na prvo stran.

Our ads blanketed the airwaves,

Naši oglasi so zapolnili eter

and women, for the first time,

in ženske so prvič

started to tell their stories.

začele deliti svoje zgodbe.

Movements are about moments,

Pri gibanjih so pomembni trenutki

and we seized this moment.

in zgrabili smo trenutek.

And let me just put this in context.

Naj postavim to v kontekst.

Before 1980, do you have any idea

Pred letom 1980, se vam sanja

how many articles were in The New York Times

koliko člankov je bilo v New York Timesu

on domestic violence?

o družinskem nasilju?

I'll tell you: 158.

Povem vam: 158.

And in the 2000s, over 7,000.

In po letu 2000, preko 7000.

We were obviously making a difference.

Očitno je bilo, da delamo razliko.

But we were still missing a critical element.

Še zmeraj nam je manjkal kritični element.

So, step four: We needed to engage men.

Torej, četrti korak, morale smo vključiti moške.

We couldn't solve this problem

Nismo mogli rešiti tega problema

with 50 percent of the population on the sidelines.

s 50 odstotki populacije na stranskem tiru.

And I already told you I'm a data nerd.

Povedala sem vam že, da sem podatkovni piflar.

National polling told us that men felt indicted

Državne ankete so nam povedale, da se moški počutijo obtožene

and not invited into this conversation.

in nepovabljene v tem pogovoru.

So we wondered, how can we include men?

Spraševali smo se, kako jih lahko vključimo.

How can we get men to talk about

Kako lahko dobimo moške, da bi govorili

violence against women and girls?

o nasilju nad ženskami in dekleti?

And a male friend of mine pulled me aside

Prijatelj me je potegnil na stran

and he said, "You want men to talk about violence

in rekel: "Hočete, da bi moški govorili o nasilju

against women and girls. Men don't talk."

nad ženskami in dekleti. Moški ne govorijo."

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

I apologize to the men in the audience.

Opravičujem se moškim v občinstvu.

I know you do.

Vem, da govorite.

But he said, "Do you know what they do do?

Ampak rekel je: "Veste, kaj pa počnejo?

They do talk to their kids.

S svojimi otroci govorijo."

They talk to their kids as parents, as coaches."

Govorijo z njimi kot starši, kot svetovalci.

And that's what we did.

In to smo storili.

We met men where they were at

To smo upoštevali

and we built a program.

in naredili smo program.

And then we had this one event

Imeli smo dogodek,

that stays in my heart forever

ki bo za vedno v mojem srcu,

where a basketball coach

kjer je trener košarke

was talking to a room filled with male athletes

hodil po sobi, polni atletov

and men from all walks of life.

in moških vseh vrst.

And he was talking about the importance

In govoril je o pomembnosti

of coaching boys into men

treniranja fantov v moške

and changing the culture of the locker room

in spreminjanja "kulture preoblačilnice"

and giving men the tools to have healthy relationships.

in o dajanju moškim orodij za zdrava razmerja.

And all of a sudden, he looked at the back of the room,

Nenadoma je pogledal v zadnji del sobe

and he saw his daughter,

in videl svojo hčer.

and he called out his daughter's name, Michaela,

Poklical jo je po imenu, Michaela,

and he said, "Michaela, come up here."

in rekel: "Michaela, pridi sem."

And she's nine years old, and she was kind of shy,

Imela je devet let, malo je bila sramežljiva,

and she got up there,

a prišla je gor.

and he said, "Sit down next to me."

Rekel je: "Sedi zraven mene."

She sat right down next to him.

Usedla se je poleg njega.

He gave her this big hug, and he said,

Objel jo je in rekel:

"People ask me why I do this work.

"Sprašujejo me, zakaj to počnem.

I do this work because I'm her dad,

To počnem, ker sem njen očka

and I don't want anyone ever to hurt her."

in nočem, da jo kdorkoli prizadene."

And as a parent, I get it.

Kot starš to razumem.

I get it,

Razumem,

knowing that there are so many sexual assaults

ker vem, da je toliko spolnih napadov

on college campuses

na kampusih,

that are so widespread and so under-reported.

ki so tako razširjeni, a se o njih redko poroča.

We've done a lot for adult women.

Veliko smo naredili za odrasle ženske.

We've got to do a better job for our kids.

Bolj se moramo potruditi za naše otroke.

We just do. We have to. (Applause)

Moramo se. Preprosto moramo. (Aplavz)

We've come a long way

Daleč smo prišli

since the days of the Polaroid.

od dni Polaroida.

Technology has been our friend.

Tehnologija je bila naš prijatelj.

The mobile phone is a global game changer

Mobilni telefon ima globalni učinek

for the empowerment of women,

na opolnomočenje žensk,

and Facebook and Twitter and Google and YouTube

Facebook in Twitter in Google in YouTube

and all the social media helps us organize

in družbena omrežja nam pomagajo organizirati

and tell our story in a powerful way.

in povedati zgodbe na učinkovit način.

And so those of you in this audience

Tisti v občinstvu,

who have helped build those applications

ki ste nam pomagali narediti te aplikacije

and those platforms, as an organizer,

in te platforme, kot organizator,

I say, thank you very much.

vam pravim, najlepša hvala.

Really. I clap for you.

Res. Jaz ploskam vam.

(Applause)

(Aplavz)

I'm the daughter of a man

Sem hči moškega,

who joined one club in his life,

ki se je pridružil samo enemu klubu,

the Optimist Club.

Klubu optimistov.

You can't make that one up.

Tega si ne moreš izmisliti.

And it is his spirit and his optimism

In njegov duh in optimizem

that is in my DNA.

sta v moji DNA.

I have been doing this work

To počnem

for over 30 years,

že več kot 30 let

and I am convinced, now more than ever,

in prepričana sem, zdaj bolj kot kadarkoli,

in the capacity of human beings to change.

v zmožnost ljudi, da se spremenijo.

I believe we can bend the arc of human history

Menim, da lahko ukrivimo lok človeške zgodovine

toward compassion and equality,

k sočutju in enakosti

and I also fundamentally believe

in prav tako globoko verjamem

and passionately believe

in strastno verjamem,

that this violence does not have to be part

da to nasilje ni nujno del

of the human condition.

stanja človeka.

And I ask you, stand with us

Prosim vas, stojte z nami,

as we create futures without violence

ko ustvarjamo prihodnost brez nasilja

for women and girls and men and boys everywhere.

za ženske in dekleta in moške in fante vsepovsod.

Thank you very much.

Najlepša hvala.

(Applause)

(Aplavz)