Esta Soler: How we turned the tide on domestic violence (Hint: the Polaroid helped)

110,815 views ・ 2014-02-03

TED


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翻译人员: Jerome Su 校对人员: Bighead Ge
00:13
I want you to imagine
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我希望大家能够想一下
00:14
what a breakthrough this was
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对于在二十世纪八十年代的暴力中
00:16
for women who were victims of violence
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遭受迫害的妇女来说
00:19
in the 1980s.
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这是怎样的一个突破
00:21
They would come into the emergency room
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她们会被送进急诊室
00:24
with what the police would call "a lovers' quarrel,"
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至于受伤的原因,警察称之为“恋人间的争端”
00:28
and I would see a woman who was beaten,
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这时我看到的是一个被殴打的妇女
00:31
I would see a broken nose and a fractured wrist
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鼻子被打伤,手腕被打折
00:36
and swollen eyes.
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以及她肿胀的眼
00:38
And as activists, we would take our Polaroid camera,
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作为活动家,我们会拿起我们的拍立得
00:42
we would take her picture,
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拍下她的照片
00:44
we would wait 90 seconds,
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等个九十秒
00:47
and we would give her the photograph.
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再把照片给她
00:50
And she would then have
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这样,这个妇女就有了
00:52
the evidence she needed to go to court.
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去法院起诉的证据
00:55
We were making what was invisible visible.
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我们使得看不见的东西得以显形
00:59
I've been doing this for 30 years.
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我做这个三十年了
01:01
I've been part of a social movement
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我成了致力于终结
01:03
that has been working on ending
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向妇女儿童施暴的
01:05
violence against women and children.
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社会运动的一份子
01:09
And for all those years,
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这些年
01:12
I've had an absolutely passionate
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我保持着绝对的热情
01:17
and sometimes not popular belief
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并且这么坚信着:
01:20
that this violence is not inevitable,
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这种暴力并不是无可避免的
01:23
that it is learned, and if it's learned,
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这种暴力是习得的,既然它是习得的
01:26
it can be un-learned, and it can be prevented.
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它就可以被戒除,可以被阻止
01:30
(Applause)
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(掌声)
01:38
Why do I believe this?
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为什么我这么坚信?
01:40
Because it's true.
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因为这是真的
01:42
It is absolutely true.
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这道理的确是对的
01:44
Between 1993 and 2010,
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在一九九三至二零壹零年间
01:50
domestic violence among adult women
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针对成年妇女的家庭暴力
01:53
in the United States
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在美国
01:54
has gone down by 64 percent,
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下降了百分之六十四
01:58
and that is great news.
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这是个很棒的消息
02:00
(Applause)
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(掌声)
02:03
Sixty-four percent. Now, how did we get there?
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百分之六十四……那么,这是怎么做到的呢?
02:06
Our eyes were wide open.
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我们也很好奇
02:08
Thirty years ago, women were beaten,
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三十年前,妇女被殴打
02:10
they were stalked, they were raped,
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被跟踪,被强奸
02:12
and no one talked about it.
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没人谈论她们的遭遇
02:15
There was no justice.
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对她们而言社会毫无正义可言
02:17
And as an activist, that was not good enough.
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作为一个活动家,这样的社会并不足够好
02:21
And so step one on this journey
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改良运动的第一步
02:24
is we organized,
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是我们集合起来
02:26
and we created this extraordinary
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创造了这个不同寻常的地下网络
02:29
underground network of amazing women
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身处这个网络的伟大的女人们开辟了一些庇护所
02:32
who opened shelters,
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她们打开了收容所,
02:33
and if they didn't open a shelter,
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或者开放她们的房子
02:35
they opened their home
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他们打开他们的家
02:37
so that women and children could be safe.
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这样妇女和儿童就有了容身之所来确保安全
02:40
And you know what else we did?
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然后我们做了什么?
02:42
We had bake sales, we had car washes,
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我们买面包,洗车
02:45
and we did everything we could do to fundraise,
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做任何能做的事来募集资金
02:48
and then at one point we said,
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直到某天我们说
02:50
you know, it's time that we went
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是时候去
02:52
to the federal government
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联邦政府
02:54
and asked them to pay for these
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要求他们为我们这种
02:56
extraordinary services that are saving people's lives.
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伟大的济民工作拨款
03:00
Right? (Applause)
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对不对?(掌声)
03:02
And so, step number two,
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之后,第二步
03:05
we knew we needed to change the laws.
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我们知道我们需要修缮法律
03:07
And so we went to Washington,
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所以我们去了华盛顿
03:10
and we lobbied for the first piece of legislation.
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为第一部法律进行游说
03:15
And I remember walking through the halls
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我仍记得我穿过
03:17
of the U.S. Capitol,
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国会大厦的大厅
03:20
and I was in my 30s, and my life had purpose,
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那时我三十岁,生活充满目标
03:24
and I couldn't imagine
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我不能想象
03:26
that anybody would ever challenge
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什么人会对如此重要的的一条法律
03:28
this important piece of legislation.
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提出异议
03:30
I was probably 30 and naive.
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但我才三十,还太天真
03:33
But I heard about a congressman
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我听到一位议员
03:35
who had a very, very different point of view.
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提出了截然不同的观点
03:38
Do you know what he called
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你知道他称这条
03:40
this important piece of legislation?
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重要的法律叫什么吗
03:42
He called it the Take the Fun Out of Marriage Act.
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他称之为拿婚姻找乐
03:46
The Take the Fun Out of Marriage Act.
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"《拿婚姻找乐法》"
03:48
Ladies and gentlemen, that was in 1984
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女士们先生们,那是一九八四年的美国
03:50
in the United States, and I wish I had Twitter.
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我真希望那时有微博这玩意
03:54
(Laughter)
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(笑声)
03:57
Ten years later, after lots of hard work,
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十年后,经过大量艰苦公关
04:00
we finally passed the Violence Against Women Act,
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我们最终通过了《暴力对待妇女法》
04:03
which is a life-changing act
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这改变生活的法令
04:05
that has saved so many lives. (Applause)
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这拯救诸多生命的法令(掌声)
04:08
Thank you.
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谢谢
04:10
I was proud to be part of that work,
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我身为这项工作的一份子感到很自豪
04:13
and it changed the laws
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这项工作改变了法律
04:15
and it put millions of dollars into local communities.
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使得百万计的美金流入本地社会
04:18
And you know what else it did? It collected data.
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它还起了什么作用呢?收集数据
04:20
And I have to tell you, I'm passionate about data.
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我必须得说,我很痴迷于数据
04:23
In fact, I am a data nerd.
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事实上,我是个数据狂人
04:26
I'm sure there are a lot of data nerds here.
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我能确信在座很多人和我一样
04:28
I am a data nerd,
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我是个数据狂人
04:29
and the reason for that is I want to make sure
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原因是我想确认
04:32
that if we spend a dollar, that the program works,
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如果我花了钱,这项工作会起效
04:35
and if it doesn't work, we should change the plan.
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如果不起效,我们就得改换主意了
04:39
And I also want to say one other thing:
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我还想说另一件事
04:43
We are not going to solve this problem
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我们不想靠刑罚解决这个问题
04:45
by building more jails
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通过建立更多的监狱
04:48
or by even building more shelters.
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或者再建许多庇护所
04:50
It is about economic empowerment for women,
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而是为了使妇女拥有经济权力
04:54
it is about healing kids who are hurt,
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以及治愈受伤的儿童
04:56
and it is about prevention with a capital P.
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并且防止作恶
05:00
And so, step number three on this journey:
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之后,第三步
05:04
We know, if we're going to keep making this progress,
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我们知道,我们要想持续推动这项计划
05:07
we're going to have to turn up the volume,
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我们必须加大宣传
05:09
we're going to have to increase the visibility,
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我们必须提升存在感
05:12
and we're going to have to engage the public.
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我们要对公众呼吁
05:15
And so knowing that, we went to the Advertising Council,
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所以我们来到广告委员会
05:18
and we asked them to help us
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请求他们帮助我们
05:20
build a public education campaign.
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建立一个公共教育运动
05:23
And we looked around the world to Canada
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我们还把目光投向加拿大
05:25
and Australia and Brazil and parts of Africa,
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澳大利亚,巴西以及非洲的一部分
05:28
and we took this knowledge
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我们带着这样的知识
05:30
and we built the first national
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创建了第一个国家
05:32
public education campaign
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公共教育运动
05:34
called There's No Excuse for Domestic Violence.
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我们称之为“绝不为家庭暴力找理由”
05:37
Take a look at one of our spots.
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看看我们的一段录像:
05:39
(Video) Man: Where's dinner?
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(视频)男人:晚饭呢?
05:41
Woman: Well, I thought you'd be home a couple hours ago, and I put everything away, so—
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女人:我想你已经回家好几个小时了,我就把东西都收走了,所以……
05:45
Man: What is this? Pizza. Woman: If you had just called me, I would have known—
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男人:这啥?比萨饼? 女人:你要是刚刚给我打个电话,我就……
05:48
Man: Dinner? Dinner ready is a pizza? Woman: Honey, please don't be so loud.
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男人:晚饭呢?就这玩意? 女人:亲,别这么大声……
05:51
Please don't—Let go of me!
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女人:不要……放开我!!
05:53
Man: Get in the kitchen! Woman: No! Help!
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男人:滚进厨房! 女人:不!救命!
05:56
Man: You want to see what hurts? (Slaps woman)
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男人:来点疼的如何?(猛打女人)
05:58
That's what hurts! That's what hurts! (Breaking glass)
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男人:疼吧?啊?疼吧!(打碎玻璃)
06:01
Woman: Help me!
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女人:救救我!
06:04
["Children have to sit by and watch. What's your excuse?"]
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【孩子就坐在一边看着,你的借口是什么?】
06:07
Esta Soler: As we were in the process
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E.S. :当我们推进这项运动时
06:09
of releasing this campaign,
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推动这一运动,
06:11
O.J. Simpson was arrested
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辛普森由于谋害他的妻子和妻子的朋友
06:13
for the murder of his wife and her friend.
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而被逮捕了
06:17
We learned that he had a long history
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我们了解到他有很久的
06:19
of domestic violence.
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家庭暴力历史。
06:20
The media became fixated.
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媒体开始关注家暴
06:23
The story of domestic violence
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家暴的故事
06:25
went from the back page,
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不再被避而不谈
06:26
but actually from the no-page, to the front page.
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事实上,是从不被察觉,登上了头版
06:29
Our ads blanketed the airwaves,
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我们的广告覆盖了电视广播
06:32
and women, for the first time,
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女人们第一次
06:34
started to tell their stories.
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开始讲述她们的故事
06:37
Movements are about moments,
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时间对社会运动很重要
06:40
and we seized this moment.
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我们也抓紧了时间
06:43
And let me just put this in context.
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来说点实际的
06:45
Before 1980, do you have any idea
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在一九八零年之前,你知道
06:48
how many articles were in The New York Times
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纽约时报中有多少文章
06:51
on domestic violence?
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是关于家暴的?
06:54
I'll tell you: 158.
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一百五十八
06:58
And in the 2000s, over 7,000.
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在二十一世纪初,这个数字超过了七千
07:02
We were obviously making a difference.
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很显然,我们改变了社会
07:05
But we were still missing a critical element.
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但我们仍旧遗落了重要的一环
07:08
So, step four: We needed to engage men.
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所以,第四步,我们和男人们订约
07:14
We couldn't solve this problem
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没有这另一半“局外人”(男人)
07:16
with 50 percent of the population on the sidelines.
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我们不可能解决这个问题
07:19
And I already told you I'm a data nerd.
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我说过我是个数据狂人
07:21
National polling told us that men felt indicted
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国家调查显示男人们觉得被告发了
07:25
and not invited into this conversation.
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但并没有被邀请进入这次对话
07:27
So we wondered, how can we include men?
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所以我们想,如何把男人拉入这次对话?
07:31
How can we get men to talk about
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怎样才能让男人谈论
07:33
violence against women and girls?
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有关反妇女儿童暴力的话题
07:36
And a male friend of mine pulled me aside
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我的一个男性朋友把我拉到一边说:
07:38
and he said, "You want men to talk about violence
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“你们想让男人谈论有关反妇女儿童暴力的话题?
07:42
against women and girls. Men don't talk."
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不可能。”
07:45
(Laughter)
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(笑声)
07:46
I apologize to the men in the audience.
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我得对男观众道歉
07:49
I know you do.
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事实上你们也发声了
07:50
But he said, "Do you know what they do do?
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但他说:“你知道他们做什么吗?
07:52
They do talk to their kids.
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他们对他们的孩子说,
07:54
They talk to their kids as parents, as coaches."
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作为父亲,作为导师。”
07:57
And that's what we did.
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这就是我们做的
07:59
We met men where they were at
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我们拜访男人
08:01
and we built a program.
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并建立了一个项目
08:02
And then we had this one event
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有这么一件事
08:04
that stays in my heart forever
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永远留在我的心中
08:06
where a basketball coach
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一个篮球教练
08:09
was talking to a room filled with male athletes
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在对满屋子的男运动员说话
08:13
and men from all walks of life.
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男运动员们过着不同生活
08:15
And he was talking about the importance
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他在说引导男孩到男人、
08:17
of coaching boys into men
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改变更衣室文化、
08:19
and changing the culture of the locker room
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使男人们和谐相处
08:21
and giving men the tools to have healthy relationships.
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的重要性
08:24
And all of a sudden, he looked at the back of the room,
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突然之间,他看了房间后面
08:27
and he saw his daughter,
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他看到了他的女儿
08:29
and he called out his daughter's name, Michaela,
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他叫出他女儿的名字,米歇尔,
08:31
and he said, "Michaela, come up here."
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他说,"米歇尔,来这里."
08:33
And she's nine years old, and she was kind of shy,
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米歇尔九岁,有点害羞
08:35
and she got up there,
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她来到父亲身边
08:36
and he said, "Sit down next to me."
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教练说,"坐在我身边"
08:39
She sat right down next to him.
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她就坐在他旁边。
08:41
He gave her this big hug, and he said,
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他给了她一个大大的拥抱,他说,
08:44
"People ask me why I do this work.
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"有人问我为什么我做这项工作。
08:47
I do this work because I'm her dad,
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我做这项工作,因为我是她爸爸,
08:50
and I don't want anyone ever to hurt her."
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我不愿任何人伤害她的人。"
08:54
And as a parent, I get it.
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作为一个母亲,我能理解
08:57
I get it,
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我知道
08:59
knowing that there are so many sexual assaults
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大学校园有何其多的
09:02
on college campuses
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已知但未被报道的性袭击
09:04
that are so widespread and so under-reported.
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所以报告说,
09:08
We've done a lot for adult women.
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我们为成年妇女做了很多。
09:10
We've got to do a better job for our kids.
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我们得为我们的孩子们做得更好。
09:13
We just do. We have to. (Applause)
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我们就这么做了。我们必须这么做。(掌声)
09:16
We've come a long way
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我们从拍立得时期开始
09:18
since the days of the Polaroid.
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走了很长的路
09:21
Technology has been our friend.
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技术一直是我们的伙伴
09:24
The mobile phone is a global game changer
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移动电话改变了全球
09:28
for the empowerment of women,
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它赋予妇女权力
09:30
and Facebook and Twitter and Google and YouTube
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Facebook 和 Twitter 和谷歌和 YouTube
09:34
and all the social media helps us organize
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和所有帮助我们组织的社会媒体
09:38
and tell our story in a powerful way.
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以强大的方式叙述着我们的故事。
09:42
And so those of you in this audience
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在座的观众中
09:44
who have helped build those applications
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有人作为组织者
09:46
and those platforms, as an organizer,
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帮助我们构建应用程序以及搭建平台
09:48
I say, thank you very much.
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我要说,谢谢你们。
09:51
Really. I clap for you.
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真的。我为你们鼓掌。
09:53
(Applause)
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(掌声)
09:56
I'm the daughter of a man
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我爸爸
09:59
who joined one club in his life,
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是个
10:01
the Optimist Club.
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乐观主义者
10:04
You can't make that one up.
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真的
10:07
And it is his spirit and his optimism
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他的乐观精神
10:11
that is in my DNA.
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是我的基因
10:13
I have been doing this work
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我超过三十年来一直在做这项工作
10:15
for over 30 years,
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30 年来,
10:17
and I am convinced, now more than ever,
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我也相信,现在比以往任何时候
10:19
in the capacity of human beings to change.
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更适合人类去改变
10:23
I believe we can bend the arc of human history
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我相信我们可以使人类历史
10:27
toward compassion and equality,
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转向慈悲和平等
10:30
and I also fundamentally believe
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我也从根本上
10:32
and passionately believe
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热切地相信
10:34
that this violence does not have to be part
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这种暴力不是人类
10:38
of the human condition.
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之所以为人类的条件
10:39
And I ask you, stand with us
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我邀请你站在我们这边
10:43
as we create futures without violence
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为所有的妇女女孩男人男孩
10:47
for women and girls and men and boys everywhere.
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创造一个没有暴力的未来
10:51
Thank you very much.
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谢谢。
10:53
(Applause)
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(掌声)
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