Kailash Satyarthi: How to make peace? Get angry

Prevodilac: Milenka Okuka Lektor: Mile Živković

Today, I am going to talk about anger.

Danas ću da govorim o besu.

When I was 11,

Kada mi je bilo 11 godina,

seeing some of my friends leaving the school

gledao sam neke svoje prijatelje kako napuštaju školu

because their parents could not afford textbooks

jer roditelji ne mogu da im priušte udžbenike,

made me angry.

to me je razbesnelo.

When I was 27,

Kada mi je bilo 27 godina,

hearing the plight of a desperate slave father

čuo sam za nedaću očajnog oca, roba

whose daughter was about to be sold to a brothel

čija je kćerka trebalo da bude prodana u bordel,

made me angry.

to me je razbesnelo.

At the age of 50,

U pedesetoj godini,

lying on the street, in a pool of blood,

ležeći na ulici u lokvi krvi,

along with my own son,

pored rođenog sina,

made me angry.

razbesneo sam se.

Dear friends, for centuries we were taught anger is bad.

Dragi prijatelji, vekovima su nas učili da je bes loš.

Our parents, teachers, priests --

Naši roditelji, učitelji, sveštenici -

everyone taught us how to control and suppress our anger.

svi su nas učili kako da kontrolišemo i potiskujemo svoj bes.

But I ask why?

Ali ja se pitam: zašto?

Why can't we convert our anger for the larger good of society?

Zašto ne bismo preobratili bes u opšte dobro u našem društvu?

Why can't we use our anger

Zašto ne bismo koristili bes

to challenge and change the evils of the world?

da se suprotstavimo i promenimo zla u svetu?

That I tried to do.

Ja sam to pokušao.

Friends,

Prijatelji,

most of the brightest ideas came to my mind out of anger.

najsjajnije zamisli mi padaju na pamet kad sam besan.

Like when I was 35 and sat in a locked-up, tiny prison.

Kao kada mi je bilo 35 godina i sedeo sam zaključan u skučenom zatvoru.

The whole night, I was angry.

Čitavu noć sam bio besan.

But it has given birth to a new idea.

Ali tako je rođena nova ideja.

But I will come to that later on.

No tome ću se vratiti nešto kasnije.

Let me begin with the story of how I got a name for myself.

Dozvolite da započnem priču o tome kako sam dobio ime.

I had been a big admirer of Mahatma Gandhi since my childhood.

Veliki sam ljubitelj Mahatme Gandija, još od svog detinjstva.

Gandhi fought and lead India's freedom movement.

Gandi se borio i bio na čelu indijskog pokreta za nezavisnost.

But more importantly,

Ali što je još značajnije,

he taught us how to treat the most vulnerable sections,

naučio nas je kako da se odnosimo prema najranjivijim oblastima,

the most deprived people, with dignity and respect.

s najobespravljenijim ljudima, dostojanstveno i s poštovanjem.

And so, when India was celebrating

Zato, kada je Indija slavila

Mahatma Gandhi's birth centenary in 1969 --

stogodišnjicu od rođenja Mahatme Gandija, 1969. -

at that time I was 15 --

tada mi je bilo 15 godina -

an idea came to my mind.

nešto mi je palo na pamet.

Why can't we celebrate it differently?

Zašto to ne bismo slavili drugačije?

I knew, as perhaps many of you might know,

Znao sam, kao što verovatno i mnogi od vas znaju,

that in India, a large number of people are born in the lowest segment of caste.

da je najveći broj ljudi u Indiji rođen u najnižim segmentima kasti.

And they are treated as untouchables.

I prema njima se odnose kao prema nedodirljivim.

These are the people --

To su ljudi -

forget about allowing them to go to the temples,

zaboravite na to da oni smeju da idu u hramove,

they cannot even go into the houses and shops of high-caste people.

oni čak ne smeju da ulaze u kuće i prodavnice ljudi iz viših kasta.

So I was very impressed with the leaders of my town

Pa sam bio veoma impresioniran čelnicima iz mog grada

who were speaking very highly against the caste system and untouchability

koji su oštro osuđivali kastinski sistem i nedodirljivost

and talking of Gandhian ideals.

i koji su govorili o Gandijevim idealima.

So inspired by that, I thought, let us set an example

Inspirisan time, pomislio sam, hajde da im pružimo primer

by inviting these people to eat food cooked and served

tako što ćemo da pozovemo ljude da jedu hranu koju su skuvali i poslužili

by the untouchable community.

pripadnici zajednice nedodirljivih.

I went to some low-caste, so-called untouchable, people,

Otišao sam u neke od nižih kasti, kod takozvanih nedodirljivih ljudi,

tried to convince them, but it was unthinkable for them.

kako bih ih pokušao ubediti, no to je za njih bilo nezamislivo.

They told me, "No, no. It's not possible. It never happened."

Rekli su mi: "Ne, ne. To je nemoguće. Nikada se neće desiti."

I said, "Look at these leaders,

Rekao sam: "Pogledajte ove vođe,

they are so great, they are against untouchability.

oni su tako sjajni, protivnici su nedodirljivosti.

They will come. If nobody comes, we can set an example."

Oni će doći. Ako niko ne dođe, mi ćemo da pružimo primer."

These people thought that I was too naive.

Ovi ljudi su mislili da sam isuviše naivan.

Finally, they were convinced.

Konačno sam ih ubedio.

My friends and I took our bicycles and invited political leaders.

Moji prijatelji i ja smo seli na bicikle i pozvali političke vođe.

And I was so thrilled, rather, empowered

I bio sam tako uzbuđen, da ne kažem ohrabren

to see that each one of them agreed to come.

kada sam video da su svi prihvatili poziv.

I thought, "Great idea. We can set an example.

Pomislio sam: "Odlična ideja. Možemo da pružimo primer.

We can bring about change in the society."

Možemo da donesemo promenu u društvu."

The day has come.

Došao je taj dan.

All these untouchables, three women and two men,

Svi nedodirljivi, tri žene i dva muškarca,

they agreed to come.

pristali su da dođu.

I could recall that they had used the best of their clothes.

Sećam se da su obukli svoju najbolju odeću.

They brought new utensils.

Doneli su novo posuđe.

They had taken baths hundreds of times

Okupali su se stotinu puta

because it was unthinkable for them to do.

jer je njima sve ovo bilo nezamislivo.

It was the moment of change.

Bio je to momenat promene.

They gathered. Food was cooked.

Okupili su se. Skuvali hranu.

It was 7 o'clock.

Bilo je sedam sati.

By 8 o'clock, we kept on waiting,

Čekali smo do osam sati,

because it's not very uncommon that the leaders become late,

jer se neretko dešava da vođe zakasne

for an hour or so.

oko sat vremena.

So after 8 o'clock, we took our bicycles and went to these leaders' homes,

Posle osam, seli smo na bicikle i obišli kuće ovih vođa,

just to remind them.

prosto da ih podsetimo.

One of the leader's wives told me,

Jedna od njihovih supruga mi je rekla:

"Sorry, he is having some headache, perhaps he cannot come."

"Žao mi je, boli ga glava, možda neće moći da dođe."

I went to another leader

Otišao sam do drugog vođe,

and his wife told me, "Okay, you go, he will definitely join."

njegova supruga mi je rekla: "U redu, idite, on će vam se sigurno pridružiti."

So I thought that the dinner will take place,

Pa sam pomislio da je večera izvesna,

though not at that large a scale.

iako ne u velikom obimu.

I went back to the venue, which was a newly built Mahatma Gandhi Park.

Otišao sam na mesto događaja, bio je to novosagrađeni park Mahatme Gandija.

It was 10 o'clock.

Bilo je deset sati.

None of the leaders showed up.

Niko od vođa se nije pojavio.

That made me angry.

To me je razbesnelo.

I was standing, leaning against Mahatma Gandhi's statue.

Stajao sam, naslonjen na kip Mahatme Gandija.

I was emotionally drained, rather exhausted.

Bio sam emotivno iscrpljen, krajnje malaksao.

Then I sat down where the food was lying.

Potom sam seo gde je ležala hrana.

I kept my emotions on hold.

Suzdržavao sam emocije.

But then, when I took the first bite,

Ali čim sam zagrizao prvi zalogaj,

I broke down in tears.

rasplakao sam se.

And suddenly I felt a hand on my shoulder.

Iznenada sam osetio ruku na ramenu.

And it was the healing, motherly touch of an untouchable woman.

Bio je to isceljujući, majčinski dodir jedne od nedodirljivih žena.

And she told me, "Kailash, why are you crying?

Rekla mi je: "Kajlaše, zašto plačeš?

You have done your bit.

Svoj deo si ispunio.

You have eaten the food cooked by untouchables,

Jeo si hranu koju su pripremili nedodirljivi,

which has never happened in our memory."

a to se nikada nije desilo, da mi pamtimo."

Rekla je: "Danas si pobedio."

She said, "You won today."

And my friends, she was right.

I, prijatelji, bila je u pravu.

I came back home, a little after midnight,

Vratio sam se kući, nešto posle ponoći,

shocked to see that several high-caste elderly people

iznenađen što vidim nekoliko starijih ljudi iz viših kasti

were sitting in my courtyard.

kako sede u mom dvorištu.

I saw my mother and elderly women were crying

Video sam majku i starije žene kako plaču

and they were pleading to these elderly people

i kako mole te starije ljude,

because they had threatened to outcaste my whole family.

koji su pretili da izopšte moju čitavu porodicu.

And you know, outcasting the family is the biggest social punishment

A znate da je porodično izopštenje najveća društvena kazna

one can think of.

koju možete da zamislite.

Somehow they agreed to punish only me, and the punishment was purification.

Nekako su pristali da kazne samo mene, a kazna je bila očišćenje.

That means I had to go 600 miles away from my hometown

To je značilo da sam morao da odem oko hiljadu kilometara daleko od grada

to the River Ganges to take a holy dip.

do reke Gang zbog svetog kupanja.

And after that, I should organize a feast for priests, 101 priests,

A nakon toga, trebalo je da organizujem gozbu za 101 sveštenika,

wash their feet and drink that water.

da im operem noge i popijem tu vodu.

It was total nonsense,

Bila je to potpuna budalaština

and I refused to accept that punishment.

i ja sam odbio da prihvatim svoju kaznu.

How did they punish me?

Kako su me kaznili?

I was barred from entering into my own kitchen and my own dining room,

Zabranjeno mi je da uđem u sopstvenu kuhinju i trpezariju,

my utensils were separated.

moje posuđe je odvojeno.

But the night when I was angry, they wanted to outcaste me.

Ali te noći kad sam se razbesneo, želeli su da me izopšte.

But I decided to outcaste the entire caste system.

No ja sam odlučio da izopštim čitav kastinski sistem.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

And that was possible because the beginning would have been

A to je bilo moguće zato što sam krenuo od početka

to change the family name, or surname,

i promenio porodično ime, iliti prezime,

because in India, most of the family names are caste names.

jer je u Indiji većina prezimena istovremeno i ime kaste.

So I decided to drop my name.

Pa sam odlučio da odbacim svoje prezime.

And then, later on, I gave a new name to myself: Satyarthi,

A potom, kasnije, dao sam sebi novo ime: Satjarti,

that means, "seeker of truth."

što znači "tragač za istinom".

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

And that was the beginning of my transformative anger.

To je začetak besa koji me je promenio.

Friends, maybe one of you can tell me,

Prijatelji, možda neko od vas može da mi kaže,

what was I doing before becoming a children's rights activist?

čime sam se bavio pre nego što sam postao aktivista za prava dece?

Does anybody know?

Da li neko zna?

No.

Ne.

I was an engineer, an electrical engineer.

Bio sam inženjer, elektrotehničar.

And then I learned how the energy

Tada sam naučio kako energija,

of burning fire, coal,

sagorevanja, od uglja,

the nuclear blast inside the chambers,

nuklearne eksplozije unutar komora,

raging river currents,

rečne bujice,

fierce winds,

žestokih vetrova

could be converted into the light and lives of millions.

može da se pretvori u svetlost i da pruži život milionima.

I also learned how the most uncontrollable form of energy

Takođe sam naučio da energija koju je najteže kontrolisati

could be harnessed for good and making society better.

može da bude iskorištena za doborobit i za poboljšanje društva.

So I'll come back to the story of when I was caught in the prison:

Pa ću da se vratim na priču o tome kako sam dospeo u zatvor:

I was very happy freeing a dozen children from slavery,

bio sam izuzetno srećan jer sam oslobodio desetak dece iz ropstva

handing them over to their parents.

i predao ih njihovim roditeljima.

I cannot explain my joy when I free a child.

Ne mogu da vam opišem svoju radost kada oslobodim dete.

I was so happy.

Bio sam tako srećan.

But when I was waiting for my train to come back to my hometown, Delhi,

Ali dok sam čekao voz da se vratim u svoj rodni grad, Delhi,

I saw that dozens of children were arriving;

video sam desetak dece kako stižu;

they were being trafficked by someone.

neko ih je trafikovao.

I stopped them, those people.

Zaustavio sam ih, te ljude.

I complained to the police.

Žalio se policiji.

So the policemen, instead of helping me,

Pa su policajci, umesto da mi pomognu,

they threw me in this small, tiny shell, like an animal.

strpali me u ovu malenu, sićušnu školjku, kao da sam životinja.

And that was the night of anger

I to je bila noć srdžbe

when one of the brightest and biggest ideas was born.

kada je jedna od najbistrijih i najvećih ideja rođena.

I thought that if I keep on freeing 10 children, and 50 more will join,

Pomislio sam, ako nastavim i oslobodim još 10 dece, još 50 će se pridružiti,

that's not done.

to nije dovoljno.

And I believed in the power of consumers,

Verovao sam u moć potrošača,

and let me tell you that this was the first time

i dozvolite da vam kažem da je ovo prvi put

when a campaign was launched by me or anywhere in the world,

da sam pokrenuo kampanju, ja ili bilo ko u svetu,

to educate and sensitize the consumers

da bi obrazovali i osvestili potrošače

to create a demand for child-labor-free rugs.

da stvore potražnju za ćilimima u čijem procesu proizvodnje ne učestvuju deca.

In Europe and America, we have been successful.

Bili smo uspešni u Evropi i u Americi.

And it has resulted in a fall in child labor

A to je rezultiralo padom u dečjoj radnoj snazi

in South Asian countries by 80 percent.

u zemljama Južne Azije za 80 procenata.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

Not only that, but this first-ever consumer's power, or consumer's campaign

Ne samo to, već se ova prva kampanja potrošačke moći

has grown in other countries and other industries,

proširila u drugim državama i u drugim industrijama,

maybe chocolate, maybe apparel, maybe shoes -- it has gone beyond.

bilo u industriji čokolade, bilo odeće, obuće - otišlo je dalje od toga.

My anger at the age of 11,

Moj bes kad sam imao 11 godina,

when I realized how important education is for every child,

kada sam shvatio koliko je svakom detetu važno obrazovanje,

I got an idea to collect used books and help the poorest children.

imao sam ideju da sakupim polovne knjige i da pomognem najsiromašnijima.

I created a book bank at the age of 11.

Napravio sam banku za knjige sa 11 godina.

But I did not stop.

Ali nisam se zaustavio.

Later on, I cofounded

Kasnije sam bio saosnivač

the world's single largest civil society campaign for education

najveće na svetu društvene kampanje za obrazovanje,

that is the Global Campaign for Education.

Globalne kampanje za obrazovanje.

That has helped in changing the whole thinking towards education

To je pomoglo da se promeni kompletan pristup obrazovanju,

from the charity mode to the human rights mode,

od dobrotvornog pristupa do borbe za ljudska prava,

and that has concretely helped the reduction of out-of-school children

a to je konkretno pomoglo da se smanji broj dece van škola

by half in the last 15 years.

za pola u poslednjih 15 godina.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

My anger at the age of 27,

Moj bes u 27. godini,

to free that girl who was about to be sold to a brothel,

da oslobodim devojku koju su hteli da prodaju u bordel,

has given me an idea

izrodio je ideju

to go for a new strategy of raid and rescue,

da krenem sa novom strategijom pretresa i spasavanja,

freeing children from slavery.

prilikom oslobađanja dece iz ropstva.

And I am so lucky and proud to say that it is not one or 10 or 20,

I srećan sam i ponosan što mogu da kažem da to nije jedan ili dva ili 10 ili 20,

but my colleagues and I have been able to physically liberate 83,000 child slaves

već smo moje kolege i ja bili u stanju da fizički oslobodimo 83 000 dečjih robova

and hand them over back to their families and mothers.

i da ih vratimo njihovim porodicama i majkama.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

I knew that we needed global policies.

Znao sam da nam je potrebna globalna strategija.

We organized the worldwide marches against child labor

Organizovali smo marševe širom sveta protiv dečjeg rada

and that has also resulted in a new international convention

i to je takođe rezultiralo novom internacionalnom konvencijom

to protect the children who are in the worst forms.

da se zaštite deca koja žive u najgorim uslovima.

And the concrete result was that the number of child laborers globally

A konkretni rezultat je da je broj dečjih radnika globalno

has gone down by one third in the last 15 years.

pao za trećinu u poslednjih 15 godina.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

So, in each case,

Dakle, u svakom slučaju,

it began from anger,

sve je krenulo od besa,

turned into an idea,

pretvorilo se u ideju

and action.

i delanje.

So anger, what next?

Dakle, bes, šta je potom?

Idea, and --

Ideja i -

Audience: Action

Publika: Delanje.

Kailash Satyarthi: Anger, idea, action. Which I tried to do.

Kailaš Satjarti: Bes, ideja, delanje. Tome sam stremio.

Anger is a power, anger is an energy,

Bes je snaga, bes je energija,

and the law of nature is that energy

a zakon je prirode da energija

can never be created and never be vanished, can never be destroyed.

nikada ne može da se stvori, nikada da nestane, nikada da se uništi.

So why can't the energy of anger be translated and harnessed

Pa zašto ne bi energija besa bila prevedena, iskorištena

to create a better and beautiful world, a more just and equitable world?

kako bi se stvorio bolji, lepši svet, pravedniji i ravnopravniji svet?

Anger is within each one of you,

Bes počiva u svima vama

and I will share a secret for a few seconds:

podeliću kratku tajnu sa vama:

that if we are confined in the narrow shells of egos,

ako se zarobimo u skučene ljušture ega

and the circles of selfishness,

i okružimo se sebičnošću,

then the anger will turn out to be hatred, violence, revenge, destruction.

onda će bes da se pretvori u mržnju, nasilje, osvetu, uništenje.

But if we are able to break the circles,

Ali ako smo u stanju da razbijemo krug,

then the same anger could turn into a great power.

onda isti taj bes može da se pretvori u veliku snagu.

We can break the circles by using our inherent compassion

Možemo da razbijemo začarani krug, koristeći našu urođenu saosećajnost

and connect with the world through compassion to make this world better.

i da se povežemo sa svetom kroz saosećanje kako bismo ga učinili boljim.

That same anger could be transformed into it.

Taj isti bes može da se pretvori u snagu.

So dear friends, sisters and brothers, again, as a Nobel Laureate,

Zato, dragi prijatelji, sestre i braćo, ponovo, kao laureat Nobelove nagrade,

I am urging you to become angry.

podstičem vas da se naljutite.

I am urging you to become angry.

Podstičem vas da se naljutite.

And the angriest among us

A najljući među nama

is the one who can transform his anger into idea and action.

je onaj koji može da pretvori svoj bes u ideju i delanje.

Thank you so much.

Mnogo vam hvala.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

Chris Anderson: For many years, you've been an inspiration to others.

Kris Anderson: Godinama si bio inspiracija za druge.

Who or what inspires you and why?

Ko i šta inspiriše tebe, i zašto?

KS: Good question.

KS: Dobro pitanje.

Chris, let me tell you, and that is the truth,

Kris, da ti kažem, a ovo je istina,

each time when I free a child,

svaki put kada oslobodim dete,

the child who has lost all his hope that he will ever come back to his mother,

dete koje je izgubilo svu nadu da će se ikada vratiti majci,

the first smile of freedom,

taj prvi osmeh slobode,

and the mother who has lost all hope

i kada majka, koja je izgubila svu nadu

that the son or daughter can ever come back and sit in her lap,

da će njen sin ili kćerka ikada da se vrate i sednu u njeno krilo,

they become so emotional

kada postane veoma emotivna

and the first tear of joy rolls down on her cheek,

i kada joj se prva suza radosnica skotrlja niz obraz,

I see the glimpse of God in it -- this is my biggest inspiration.

ja vidim božanstvenu iskru - to je moja najveća inspiracija.

And I am so lucky that not once, as I said before, but thousands of times,

I srećan sam da sam, ne jednom, kao što sam već rekao, već hiljadama puta

I have been able to witness my God in the faces of those children

bio u stanju da vidim svog Gospoda na licima te dece

and they are my biggest inspirations.

i ona su moja najveća inspiracija.

Thank you.

Hvala.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)