Kailash Satyarthi: How to make peace? Get angry

Prevoditelj: Ana Komljenović Recezent: Ivan Stamenković

Today, I am going to talk about anger.

Danas ću govoriti o ljutnji.

When I was 11,

Kad sam imao 11 godina,

seeing some of my friends leaving the school

vidio sam da neki od mojih prijatelja napuštaju školu

because their parents could not afford textbooks

jer njihovi roditelji nisu imali novca za knjige

made me angry.

i to me razljutilo.

When I was 27,

Kad sam imao 27 godina

hearing the plight of a desperate slave father

i čuo molbu očajnog oca robinje

whose daughter was about to be sold to a brothel

čiju kćerku su namjeravali prodati u bordel

made me angry.

razljutio sam se.

At the age of 50,

Kad sam imao 50 godina,

lying on the street, in a pool of blood,

i ležao na ulici u lokvi krvi,

along with my own son,

zajedno sa svojim sinom,

made me angry.

razljutio sam se.

Dear friends, for centuries we were taught anger is bad.

Dragi moji, stoljećima nas uče da je ljutnja loša.

Our parents, teachers, priests --

Naši roditelji, učitelji, svećenici --

everyone taught us how to control and suppress our anger.

svi nas uče kako kontrolirati i potisnuti svoj bijes.

But I ask why?

Ali ja se pitam zašto?

Why can't we convert our anger for the larger good of society?

Zašto ne bi mogli preobraziti svoj bijes za veće dobro zajednice?

Why can't we use our anger

Zašto ne iskoristimo svoj bijes

to challenge and change the evils of the world?

da promijenimo zlo u svijetu?

That I tried to do.

Ja sam to pokušao učiniti.

Friends,

Prijatelji,

most of the brightest ideas came to my mind out of anger.

najbolje sam ideje dobio kad sam se naljutio.

Like when I was 35 and sat in a locked-up, tiny prison.

Kao kad sam s 35 godina sjedio u zatvoru.

The whole night, I was angry.

Cijelu sam noć proveo u ljutnji.

But it has given birth to a new idea.

Ali to je urodilo novom idejom.

But I will come to that later on.

No, kasnije ću o tome.

Let me begin with the story of how I got a name for myself.

Počet ću s pričom o svome imenu.

I had been a big admirer of Mahatma Gandhi since my childhood.

Odmalena sam se divio Mahatmi Gandhiju.

Gandhi fought and lead India's freedom movement.

Gandhi se borio za slobodu u Indiji.

But more importantly,

Ali, što je još važnije,

he taught us how to treat the most vulnerable sections,

naučio nas je kako se s najslabijima,

the most deprived people, with dignity and respect.

najugroženijim ljudima u društvu, odnosi s poštovanjem.

And so, when India was celebrating

I dok je Indija 1969. godine slavila

Mahatma Gandhi's birth centenary in 1969 --

100 godina od Mahatma Gandhijevog rođenja --

at that time I was 15 --

tada sam ja imao 15 godina --

an idea came to my mind.

jedna mi je ideja pala na pamet.

Why can't we celebrate it differently?

Zašto to ne bi drugačije proslavili?

I knew, as perhaps many of you might know,

Kao što većina vas vjerojatno zna,

that in India, a large number of people are born in the lowest segment of caste.

u Indiji je velik broj ljudi rođeno u najnižoj kasti.

And they are treated as untouchables.

I njih se smatra nedodirljivima.

These are the people --

Ovim ljudima --

forget about allowing them to go to the temples,

nije dopušteno ići u hramove,

they cannot even go into the houses and shops of high-caste people.

ni u kuće ili trgovine bogatih ljudi.

So I was very impressed with the leaders of my town

I ja sam bio impresioniran kad su vođe mog

who were speaking very highly against the caste system and untouchability

grada govorile izrazito protiv kastinskog sustava i nedodirljivosti

and talking of Gandhian ideals.

te veličali Gandhijeve ideale.

So inspired by that, I thought, let us set an example

Stoga sam pomislio da možemo dati primjer

by inviting these people to eat food cooked and served

i pozvati vođe da jedu hranu koju su

by the untouchable community.

pripravili i poslužili najsiromašniji u društvu.

I went to some low-caste, so-called untouchable, people,

Otišao sam do ljudi iz najniže kaste, tzv. nedodirljivih

tried to convince them, but it was unthinkable for them.

i pokušao ih uvjeriti, ali oni to nisu mogli zamisliti.

They told me, "No, no. It's not possible. It never happened."

Rekli su: "Ne, ne to je nemoguće. Nikad se dosad nije dogodilo."

I said, "Look at these leaders,

Ja sam im rekao: "Pogledajte bogate,

they are so great, they are against untouchability.

oni su također protiv te nedodirljivosti.

They will come. If nobody comes, we can set an example."

Doći će. Ako nitko ne dođe, to će im biti primjer."

These people thought that I was too naive.

Ovi su ljudi mislili da sam previše naivan.

Finally, they were convinced.

Ali konačno sam ih uvjerio.

My friends and I took our bicycles and invited political leaders.

Moji prijatelji i ja smo pozvali političke vođe.

And I was so thrilled, rather, empowered

I ja sam bio tako uzbuđen, ili bolje - ovlašten

to see that each one of them agreed to come.

da vidim kako je svaki od njih pristao doći.

I thought, "Great idea. We can set an example.

Pomislio sam: "Odlična ideja. Bit ćemo primjer drugima.

We can bring about change in the society."

Možemo započeti s mijenjanjem društva."

The day has come.

I taj dan je došao.

All these untouchables, three women and two men,

Svi ti nedodirljivi, tri žene i dva muškarca

they agreed to come.

su pristali doći.

I could recall that they had used the best of their clothes.

Sjećam se da su se obukli u svoju najbolju odjeću.

They brought new utensils.

Donijeli su novo posuđe.

They had taken baths hundreds of times

Okupali su se stotine puta

because it was unthinkable for them to do.

jer im je bilo nezamislivo to što čine.

It was the moment of change.

To je bio trenutak promjene.

They gathered. Food was cooked.

Okupili su se. Hrana je skuhana.

It was 7 o'clock.

Bilo je 7 sati.

By 8 o'clock, we kept on waiting,

Čekali smo do 8 sati,

because it's not very uncommon that the leaders become late,

jer nije neobično da vođe kasne

for an hour or so.

sat vremena ili više.

So after 8 o'clock, we took our bicycles and went to these leaders' homes,

Nakon 8 sati, otišli smo biciklima do njihovih kuća

just to remind them.

da ih podsjetimo.

One of the leader's wives told me,

Jedna od žena vođa mi je rekla:

"Sorry, he is having some headache, perhaps he cannot come."

"Oprosti, boli ga glava i ne može doći."

I went to another leader

Otišao sam do drugog vođe

and his wife told me, "Okay, you go, he will definitely join."

i njegova mi je žena rekla "Samo ti idi, doći će on kasnije."

So I thought that the dinner will take place,

Pa sam mislio da će se večera ipak dogoditi,

though not at that large a scale.

iako neće doći puno ljudi.

I went back to the venue, which was a newly built Mahatma Gandhi Park.

Otišao sam natrag, gdje je bio tek uređen Park Mahatme Gandhija.

It was 10 o'clock.

Bilo je 10 sati.

None of the leaders showed up.

Nitko od vođa se nije pojavio.

That made me angry.

To me razljutilo.

I was standing, leaning against Mahatma Gandhi's statue.

Stajao sam naslonjen na kip Mahatme Gandhija.

I was emotionally drained, rather exhausted.

Bio sam emocionalno iscrpljen.

Then I sat down where the food was lying.

Zatim sam sjeo do mjesta gdje je stajala hrana.

I kept my emotions on hold.

Uspio sam zadržati emocije.

But then, when I took the first bite,

Ali kad sam prvi put zagrizao,

I broke down in tears.

počeo sam plakati.

And suddenly I felt a hand on my shoulder.

I iznenada sam osjetio ruku na svome ramenu.

And it was the healing, motherly touch of an untouchable woman.

To je bio iscjeljujući, majčinski dodir nedodirljive žene.

And she told me, "Kailash, why are you crying?

Rekla mi je: "Kailash, zašto plačeš?

You have done your bit.

Ti si učinio svoj dio.

You have eaten the food cooked by untouchables,

Jeo si hranu koju su skuhali nedodirljivi,

which has never happened in our memory."

a ne sjećamo se da se to ikada dogodilo."

She said, "You won today."

Rekla je: "Ti si danas pobjedio."

And my friends, she was right.

I prijatelji, bila je u pravu.

I came back home, a little after midnight,

Vratio sam se kući, nešto poslije ponoći,

shocked to see that several high-caste elderly people

i šokirao se kad sam vidio da nekoliko starijih ljudi iz viših kasti

were sitting in my courtyard.

sjede u mom dvorištu.

I saw my mother and elderly women were crying

Vidio sam kako moja majka i starije žene plaču

and they were pleading to these elderly people

i preklinju te starije ljude

because they had threatened to outcaste my whole family.

jer su prijetili da će izbaciti cijelu moju obitelj iz kaste.

And you know, outcasting the family is the biggest social punishment

Izbacivanje obitelji iz kaste je najveća društvena kazna

one can think of.

koju je itko mogao zamisliti.

Somehow they agreed to punish only me, and the punishment was purification.

Nekako su pristali kazniti samo mene, a kazna je bila pročišćenje.

That means I had to go 600 miles away from my hometown

To je značilo da moram otići 600 milja daleko od grada

to the River Ganges to take a holy dip.

do rijeke Gangez okupati se.

And after that, I should organize a feast for priests, 101 priests,

I nakon toga, trebam pripremiti gozbu za 101 svećenika,

wash their feet and drink that water.

oprati njihove noge i zatim popiti tu vodu.

It was total nonsense,

To je bilo potpuno besmisleno,

and I refused to accept that punishment.

i odbio sam prihvatiti tu kaznu.

How did they punish me?

Kako su me kaznili?

I was barred from entering into my own kitchen and my own dining room,

Zabranili su mi ulazak u moju kuhinju i blagovaonicu,

my utensils were separated.

odvojili su moje posuđe.

But the night when I was angry, they wanted to outcaste me.

Tu noć kad sam bio ljutit, željeli su me izbaciti iz kaste.

But I decided to outcaste the entire caste system.

Ali ja sam odlučio izbaciti cijeli kastinski sustav.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)

And that was possible because the beginning would have been

I to je bilo moguće tako da najprije

to change the family name, or surname,

promijenim obiteljsko ime ili prezime

because in India, most of the family names are caste names.

jer su u Indiji većina obiteljskih imena - imena kasti.

So I decided to drop my name.

Tako sam se odlučio odreći svoga imena.

And then, later on, I gave a new name to myself: Satyarthi,

Zatim sam si dao novo ime: Satyarthi,

that means, "seeker of truth."

što znači "tragač za istinom".

(Applause)

(Pljesak)

And that was the beginning of my transformative anger.

To je bio početak moje ljutnje koja mijenja stvari.

Friends, maybe one of you can tell me,

Prijatelji, može li mi itko od vas reći

what was I doing before becoming a children's rights activist?

što sam radio prije nego što sam se počeo boriti za prava djece?

Does anybody know?

Zna li itko?

No.

Ne.

I was an engineer, an electrical engineer.

Bio sam elektrotehničar.

And then I learned how the energy

Tada sam naučio kako se energija

of burning fire, coal,

sagorijevanja vatre, ugljena,

the nuclear blast inside the chambers,

nuklearne eksplozije u komorama,

raging river currents,

divljih riječnih struja,

fierce winds,

jakih vjetrova,

could be converted into the light and lives of millions.

može pretvoriti u svjetlost i živote milijuna.

I also learned how the most uncontrollable form of energy

Također sam naučio kako najneobuzdanija vrsta energije

could be harnessed for good and making society better.

može biti upotrebljena za poboljšanje društva.

So I'll come back to the story of when I was caught in the prison:

I sada se vraćam na priču kad sam bio u zatvoru:

I was very happy freeing a dozen children from slavery,

Bio sam presretan jer sam oslobodio desetak djece od ropstva,

handing them over to their parents.

vraćajući ih njihovim obiteljima.

I cannot explain my joy when I free a child.

Ne mogu vam opisati radost koju osjećam kada oslobodim dijete.

I was so happy.

Bio sam presretan.

But when I was waiting for my train to come back to my hometown, Delhi,

Ali dok sam čekao vlak da se vratim natrag u svoj grad, Delhi,

I saw that dozens of children were arriving;

vidio sam da desetci djece dolaze;

they were being trafficked by someone.

da ih je netko prokrijumčario i želi ih prodati.

I stopped them, those people.

Zaustavio sam te ljude.

I complained to the police.

Žalio sam se policiji.

So the policemen, instead of helping me,

Umjesto da su mi pomogli, policajci su

they threw me in this small, tiny shell, like an animal.

me bacili u tu malu, malenu ćeliju, poput životinje.

And that was the night of anger

I to je bila noć bijesa

when one of the brightest and biggest ideas was born.

kada se u meni rodila jedna od najvećih i najboljih ideja.

I thought that if I keep on freeing 10 children, and 50 more will join,

Pomislio sam da, ukoliko nastavim oslobađati po 10-ero djece, a 50 njih

that's not done.

više dolazi, nije gotovo.

And I believed in the power of consumers,

Ja sam vjerovao u moć potrošača,

and let me tell you that this was the first time

i kažem vam da je to bio prvi put

when a campaign was launched by me or anywhere in the world,

da je organizirana kampanja bilo gdje u svijetu,

to educate and sensitize the consumers

kako bi se potrošači obrazovali i senzibizirali

to create a demand for child-labor-free rugs.

da zahtijevamo sagove koje nisu radili djeca.

In Europe and America, we have been successful.

Bili smo uspješni u Europi i Americi.

And it has resulted in a fall in child labor

I to je rezultiralo padom dječjeg rada

in South Asian countries by 80 percent.

u Sjevernoazijskim državama do 80%.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)

Not only that, but this first-ever consumer's power, or consumer's campaign

I ne samo to, već se ta prva potrošačka moć, ili potrošačka kampanja

has grown in other countries and other industries,

proširila u druge zemlje i industrije,

maybe chocolate, maybe apparel, maybe shoes -- it has gone beyond.

čokolada, odjeća, obuća -- otišlo je dalje nego što smo planirali.

My anger at the age of 11,

Moja ljutnja s 11 godina,

when I realized how important education is for every child,

kad sam shvatio koliko je važno obrazovanje za svako dijete,

I got an idea to collect used books and help the poorest children.

i dobio ideju da skupljamo korištene knjige i pomognemo siromašnoj djeci.

I created a book bank at the age of 11.

Pokrenuo sam razmjenu knjiga kad sam imao 11.

But I did not stop.

Ali nisam stao na tome.

Later on, I cofounded

Kasnije sam suosnovao

the world's single largest civil society campaign for education

najveću građansku kampanju za obrazovanje,

that is the Global Campaign for Education.

tj. Svjetsku obrazovnu kampanju.

That has helped in changing the whole thinking towards education

To je pomoglo u promjeni cjelokupnog razmišljanja o obrazovanju

from the charity mode to the human rights mode,

od dobrotvornog prema stavu da je to ljudsko pravo,

and that has concretely helped the reduction of out-of-school children

i to je izrazito doprinjelo smanjenju broja djece koja napuštaju školu

by half in the last 15 years.

u posljednjih 15 godina.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)

My anger at the age of 27,

Moja ljutnja kad sam imao 27 godina,

to free that girl who was about to be sold to a brothel,

želeći osloboditi djevojku koju su htjeli prodati u bordel

has given me an idea

mi je dala ideju

to go for a new strategy of raid and rescue,

da pokušam s novom strategijom spašavanja,

freeing children from slavery.

oslobađajući djecu od ropstva.

And I am so lucky and proud to say that it is not one or 10 or 20,

I tako sam sretan i ponosan što mogu reći kako ne 10 ili 20,

but my colleagues and I have been able to physically liberate 83,000 child slaves

već smo, moji kolege i ja, spasili 83 000 djece od ropstva

and hand them over back to their families and mothers.

i vratili ih njihovim obiteljima i majkama.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)

I knew that we needed global policies.

Znao sam da su nam potrebne globalne strategije.

We organized the worldwide marches against child labor

Organizirali smo povorke protiv dječjeg rada po cijelom svijetu

and that has also resulted in a new international convention

i to je rezultiralo novom međunarodnom konvencijom

to protect the children who are in the worst forms.

koja štiti djecu u najgorem položaju.

And the concrete result was that the number of child laborers globally

Konkretan rezultat jest da se broj djece radnika u svijetu

has gone down by one third in the last 15 years.

smanjio za jednu trećinu u posljednjih 15 godina.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)

So, in each case,

Stoga, u svakom slučaju,

it began from anger,

to je počelo s ljutnjom,

turned into an idea,

pretvorilo se u ideju

and action.

i zatim u akciju.

So anger, what next?

Pa ljutnja, i što onda?

Idea, and --

Ideja, i --

Audience: Action

Publika: Akcija

Kailash Satyarthi: Anger, idea, action. Which I tried to do.

Kallash Satyarthi: Ljutnja, ideja, akcija. To sam ja pokušao.

Anger is a power, anger is an energy,

Ljutnja je moć, ljutnja je energija,

and the law of nature is that energy

a zakon prirode govori da energija

can never be created and never be vanished, can never be destroyed.

nikako ne može biti stvorena i uništena, nikad ne može nestati.

So why can't the energy of anger be translated and harnessed

Pa zašto energija bijesa ne bi mogla biti transformirana i upotrebljena

to create a better and beautiful world, a more just and equitable world?

da stvorimo bolji, ljepši i pravedniji svijet?

Anger is within each one of you,

Ljutnja je u svakome od vas,

and I will share a secret for a few seconds:

i reći ću vam tajnu za nekoliko sekundi:

that if we are confined in the narrow shells of egos,

ukoliko se zatvorimo u uske ljušture naših ega,

and the circles of selfishness,

i u krugove sebičnosti,

then the anger will turn out to be hatred, violence, revenge, destruction.

ta ljutnja će postati mržnja, nasilje, osveta i uništenje.

But if we are able to break the circles,

Ali ako uspijemo izaći iz tih krugova,

then the same anger could turn into a great power.

onda se ta ista ljutnja možda preobraziti u veliku moć.

We can break the circles by using our inherent compassion

Možemo slomiti te krugove kroz suosjećanje

and connect with the world through compassion to make this world better.

i povezati se sa svijetom kroz empatiju da učinimo ovaj svijet boljim.

That same anger could be transformed into it.

Ta ista ljutnja se može transformirati u to.

So dear friends, sisters and brothers, again, as a Nobel Laureate,

Stoga, dragi prijatelji, braćo i sestre, opet vas, kao dobitnik Nobela,

I am urging you to become angry.

pozivam da se razljutite.

I am urging you to become angry.

Potičem vas da se razljutite.

And the angriest among us

I najljući među nama

is the one who can transform his anger into idea and action.

je onaj koji može preobraziti svoj bijes u ideju i akciju.

Thank you so much.

Hvala vam puno.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)

Chris Anderson: For many years, you've been an inspiration to others.

Chris Anderson: Godinama si inspiracija mnogima.

Who or what inspires you and why?

Tko ili što tebe inspirira, i zašto?

KS: Good question.

KS: Dobro pitanje.

Chris, let me tell you, and that is the truth,

Chris, reći ću ti, i to je istina,

each time when I free a child,

svaki put kad oslobodim dijete,

the child who has lost all his hope that he will ever come back to his mother,

dijete koje je izgubilo svaku nadu da će se ikada vratiti svojoj majci,

the first smile of freedom,

taj prvi osmijeh u slobodi,

and the mother who has lost all hope

i majka koja je izgubila svu nadu

that the son or daughter can ever come back and sit in her lap,

da će se sin ili kćerka vratiti i ponovno sjesti u njeno krilo,

they become so emotional

oni postanu tako osjećajni

and the first tear of joy rolls down on her cheek,

i prva suza radosnica klizne niz njezino lice,

I see the glimpse of God in it -- this is my biggest inspiration.

ja vidim odsjaj Boga u tome -- to je moja najveća inspiracija.

And I am so lucky that not once, as I said before, but thousands of times,

I tako sam sretan da sam ne jedanput, kao što sam već rekao, već tisuće puta,

I have been able to witness my God in the faces of those children

imao priliku vidjeti mog Boga u licima te djece

and they are my biggest inspirations.

i oni su moja najveća inspiracija.

Thank you.

Hvala ti.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)