Kailash Satyarthi: How to make peace? Get angry

翻译人员: Yumeng Guo 校对人员: Yukun Chen

Today, I am going to talk about anger.

今天，我想谈一谈愤怒。

When I was 11,

11岁的时候，

seeing some of my friends leaving the school

看到我的诸多朋友因为父母负担不起课本的费用

because their parents could not afford textbooks

而被迫离开学校，

made me angry.

我怒不可遏；

When I was 27,

27岁时，

hearing the plight of a desperate slave father

听到一个绝望的奴隶父亲的困境，

whose daughter was about to be sold to a brothel

他的女儿将被卖到妓院，

made me angry.

让我怒不可遏；

At the age of 50,

在我50岁时，

lying on the street, in a pool of blood,

我的儿子与我

along with my own son,

躺在街上的血泊中，

made me angry.

让我怒不可遏。

Dear friends, for centuries we were taught anger is bad.

亲爱的朋友们，百年来我们都被教导说， 愤怒是不好的。

Our parents, teachers, priests --

父母，老师，牧师——

everyone taught us how to control and suppress our anger.

所有人都在教我们如何控制愤怒，平息怒火。

But I ask why?

但我想问，为什么？

Why can't we convert our anger for the larger good of society?

我们为什么不能将愤怒转变为 推动社会进步的力量？

Why can't we use our anger

我们为什么不能让怒火

to challenge and change the evils of the world?

焚烧天下的罪恶？

That I tried to do.

而这正是我所做的。

Friends,

朋友们，

most of the brightest ideas came to my mind out of anger.

是愤怒赋予我那些最为绝妙的想法，

Like when I was 35 and sat in a locked-up, tiny prison.

正如我35岁时在狭小、 禁闭的牢房里度过的那一晚，

The whole night, I was angry.

心膛的怒火整晚都没有消逝，

But it has given birth to a new idea.

但正是怒火燃出了一个全新的想法。

But I will come to that later on.

这个后面再谈。

Let me begin with the story of how I got a name for myself.

我先讲一下我名字由来的故事。

I had been a big admirer of Mahatma Gandhi since my childhood.

自小我就是圣雄甘地的崇拜者。

Gandhi fought and lead India's freedom movement.

甘地引领了印度民族解放运动，

But more importantly,

但更为重要的是，

he taught us how to treat the most vulnerable sections,

他教会了我们如何尊重最弱势的群体，

the most deprived people, with dignity and respect.

那些一无所有的人民。

And so, when India was celebrating

因此，在1969年—印度人民庆祝

Mahatma Gandhi's birth centenary in 1969 --

圣雄甘地的诞辰时

at that time I was 15 --

--那是我15岁--

an idea came to my mind.

我有了一个想法。

Why can't we celebrate it differently?

为什么不能换一种方式来庆祝呢？

I knew, as perhaps many of you might know,

也许你们很多人都知道，

that in India, a large number of people are born in the lowest segment of caste.

在印度种姓制度下， 很多人生来就是最低等级，

And they are treated as untouchables.

他们被称为「贱民」。

These are the people --

他们，

forget about allowing them to go to the temples,

别说去寺庙了，

they cannot even go into the houses and shops of high-caste people.

他们甚至连高等级贵族的房屋和商店都进不去。

So I was very impressed with the leaders of my town

因此，我十分敬佩那些致力于

who were speaking very highly against the caste system and untouchability

反对种姓制和贱民制，

and talking of Gandhian ideals.

并弘扬甘地理想的领袖们。

So inspired by that, I thought, let us set an example

受其鼓舞，我想开一个先河，

by inviting these people to eat food cooked and served

邀请他们来贱民的社区，让贱民做东，

by the untouchable community.

宴请这些领袖们。

I went to some low-caste, so-called untouchable, people,

我去跟一些低阶层的“贱民”攀谈，

tried to convince them, but it was unthinkable for them.

让他们接受我的想法， 但他们觉得这是不可想象的。

They told me, "No, no. It's not possible. It never happened."

他们告诉我，「不，不。这是不可能的。这从来没有过」

I said, "Look at these leaders,

我说，「看看这些领袖，

they are so great, they are against untouchability.

他们这么伟大，竭力反对贱民制。

They will come. If nobody comes, we can set an example."

他们会来的。如果他们不来， 我和我的朋友们可以做一个表率。」

These people thought that I was too naive.

他们觉得我太天真了。

Finally, they were convinced.

但最后，我还是说服了他们。

My friends and I took our bicycles and invited political leaders.

我的朋友和我骑着自行车去邀请那些政治领袖们。

And I was so thrilled, rather, empowered

令我激动万分的是，不，是被赋予了力量，

to see that each one of them agreed to come.

他们每个人都答应我会出席。

I thought, "Great idea. We can set an example.

我想，「太好了，我们可以开一个先河了，

We can bring about change in the society."

我们可以为社会带来变化了。」

The day has come.

那一天到了，

All these untouchables, three women and two men,

贱民们，包括三个女人和两个男人，

they agreed to come.

都来了。

I could recall that they had used the best of their clothes.

我至今仍能回忆起， 那天他们穿着最好的衣服，

They brought new utensils.

摆出新的餐具，

They had taken baths hundreds of times

来之前洗了无数次澡，

because it was unthinkable for them to do.

因为对他们来说是难以想象的事情。

It was the moment of change.

变革的曙光即将来临。

They gathered. Food was cooked.

他们聚在一起，在7点时

It was 7 o'clock.

食物都准备好了。

By 8 o'clock, we kept on waiting,

到8点时，我们还在等，

because it's not very uncommon that the leaders become late,

因为领袖们总是要迟到那么一会的，

for an hour or so.

也许是一小时，这并不罕见。

So after 8 o'clock, we took our bicycles and went to these leaders' homes,

8点过后，我们骑上自行车， 前往那些领军者的家中，

just to remind them.

提醒他们。

One of the leader's wives told me,

一位领袖的夫人告诉我，

"Sorry, he is having some headache, perhaps he cannot come."

「很抱歉，他头有些疼，他可能去不了了。」

I went to another leader

我去找另一位领袖，

and his wife told me, "Okay, you go, he will definitely join."

他的夫人说， 「好，你先去，他一定会去的。」

So I thought that the dinner will take place,

所以我想这场宴会还是能举行的，

though not at that large a scale.

规模小一点罢了。

I went back to the venue, which was a newly built Mahatma Gandhi Park.

我回到了宴会，是一个新建成的圣雄甘地公园。

It was 10 o'clock.

到了10点钟，

None of the leaders showed up.

领袖一位都没有来。

That made me angry.

这让我很愤怒。

I was standing, leaning against Mahatma Gandhi's statue.

当时我站着靠在圣雄甘地雕塑前，

I was emotionally drained, rather exhausted.

身心俱疲。

Then I sat down where the food was lying.

然后我在就餐处坐了下来，

I kept my emotions on hold.

努力控制着内心情绪。

But then, when I took the first bite,

但后来，当我吃了第一口食物时，

I broke down in tears.

泪水便止不住了。

And suddenly I felt a hand on my shoulder.

突然，一只手搭在了我的肩上，

And it was the healing, motherly touch of an untouchable woman.

是一位女性贱民， 她那慈祥的触碰抚过我的内心，

And she told me, "Kailash, why are you crying?

她说，「Kailash，你为什么在哭？

You have done your bit.

你已经尽力了，

You have eaten the food cooked by untouchables,

你吃了贱民做的食物，

which has never happened in our memory."

这在我们记忆中是从未发生过的。」

She said, "You won today."

她说，「今天你成功了。」

And my friends, she was right.

朋友们，她说得对。

I came back home, a little after midnight,

我回到家时，已过午夜，

shocked to see that several high-caste elderly people

很惊奇地看到几位高等级的长者

were sitting in my courtyard.

坐在我家的院子里。

I saw my mother and elderly women were crying

我看到我的母亲和几位年长的妇女哭着

and they were pleading to these elderly people

乞求那些长者，

because they had threatened to outcaste my whole family.

因为他们威胁要将我们全家逐出种姓，沦为贱民。

And you know, outcasting the family is the biggest social punishment

你们知道的，逐出种姓是可以想象到的

one can think of.

最严厉的惩罚。

Somehow they agreed to punish only me, and the punishment was purification.

后来他们同意只惩罚我一个人， 罚我净化心灵以涤罪，

That means I had to go 600 miles away from my hometown

这意味着我不得不远走家乡， 去600英里外的恒河，

to the River Ganges to take a holy dip.

受神圣之水的洗礼。

And after that, I should organize a feast for priests, 101 priests,

这之后，我需要办一个宴会， 召集101位牧师，

wash their feet and drink that water.

为他们洗脚，然后喝下洗脚水。

It was total nonsense,

这是一派胡言，

and I refused to accept that punishment.

我拒绝接受惩罚。

How did they punish me?

后来他们怎么惩罚我的呢？

I was barred from entering into my own kitchen and my own dining room,

我被禁止进自家厨房和餐厅，

my utensils were separated.

我的餐具被区分开来。

But the night when I was angry, they wanted to outcaste me.

但在他们想将我逐出种姓的那一晚，我怒不可遏，

But I decided to outcaste the entire caste system.

我决定要废除整个种姓制度。

(Applause)

（掌声）

And that was possible because the beginning would have been

我首先要把我的姓改掉，

to change the family name, or surname,

这个愿望才可以实现，

because in India, most of the family names are caste names.

因为在印度，大多人的姓就是种姓，

So I decided to drop my name.

所以我决定要换掉名字，

And then, later on, I gave a new name to myself: Satyarthi,

后来，我给自己起了一个新名字，Satyarthi，

that means, "seeker of truth."

这个词的意思是，「真理追求者」。

(Applause)

（掌声）

And that was the beginning of my transformative anger.

由此我开始了「转换愤怒之旅」。

Friends, maybe one of you can tell me,

朋友们，也许你们中有人知道，

what was I doing before becoming a children's rights activist?

我在成为儿童人权活动家前的工作是什么。

Does anybody know?

有人知道吗？

No.

没有人知道。

I was an engineer, an electrical engineer.

我曾是一个工程师，电气工程师。

And then I learned how the energy

那时我了解到如何

of burning fire, coal,

可以把燃烧、煤炭、

the nuclear blast inside the chambers,

核聚变、

raging river currents,

翻涌的河流、

fierce winds,

劲风的能量

could be converted into the light and lives of millions.

转化为光能，惠及千家万户。

I also learned how the most uncontrollable form of energy

我也了解到，如何可以让那些最不可控的能源

could be harnessed for good and making society better.

也被利用，造福社会。

So I'll come back to the story of when I was caught in the prison:

现在回到我被关在监狱里的故事：

I was very happy freeing a dozen children from slavery,

那时我解救了十多个被奴役的孩子，

handing them over to their parents.

让他们与父母团聚，让我感到无比开心，

I cannot explain my joy when I free a child.

这种幸福感难以用言语表达，

I was so happy.

简直太开心了。

But when I was waiting for my train to come back to my hometown, Delhi,

但是，当我准备回到新德里的家，等火车开来时，

I saw that dozens of children were arriving;

我看到数十个孩子到了车站，

they were being trafficked by someone.

他们被一个人押解着进行贩卖。

I stopped them, those people.

我拦下他们，

I complained to the police.

并喊来警察。

So the policemen, instead of helping me,

这些警察没有帮助我，

they threw me in this small, tiny shell, like an animal.

反而将我关在一个狭小的牢笼里， 当我是动物一样。

And that was the night of anger

这个愤怒的夜晚

when one of the brightest and biggest ideas was born.

酝酿出了一个最伟大、最聪明的主意。

I thought that if I keep on freeing 10 children, and 50 more will join,

我想，即使我能再解救10个孩子， 另外会有50个孩子又变成奴隶，

that's not done.

这解决不了问题。

And I believed in the power of consumers,

我相信消费者的力量，

and let me tell you that this was the first time

让我告诉你，这是第一次

when a campaign was launched by me or anywhere in the world,

一个运动，由我或世界上任何一个地方 发起，

to educate and sensitize the consumers

来教育消费者并让他们有敏感度

to create a demand for child-labor-free rugs.

来创造一个对 “无童工地毯“ 的需求

In Europe and America, we have been successful.

在欧洲和美洲，我们都非常成功。

And it has resulted in a fall in child labor

这个运动使得南亚国家的童工数量

in South Asian countries by 80 percent.

下降了80%。

(Applause)

（掌声）

Not only that, but this first-ever consumer's power, or consumer's campaign

不仅于此，这个史无先例的消费者的力量，

has grown in other countries and other industries,

或消费者运动渗透到了其他国家和其他行业，

maybe chocolate, maybe apparel, maybe shoes -- it has gone beyond.

巧克力业，服装业，鞋业 ——甚至更多。

My anger at the age of 11,

我11岁时的愤怒——

when I realized how important education is for every child,

当我意识到教育对每个孩子的重要性——

I got an idea to collect used books and help the poorest children.

让我有了新的想法， 收集旧书，帮助贫穷孩子。

I created a book bank at the age of 11.

在11岁时我建立了一个图书银行，

But I did not stop.

但我没有止步于此，

Later on, I cofounded

后来，我与他人共同创立了

the world's single largest civil society campaign for education

世界上最大的为教育进行的公民社会运动——

that is the Global Campaign for Education.

全球教育运动。

That has helped in changing the whole thinking towards education

这场运动在一定程度上颠覆了 人们对于教育的认识，

from the charity mode to the human rights mode,

从慈善的角度转变为人权的角度，

and that has concretely helped the reduction of out-of-school children

过去15年里退学儿童的数量减少了一半，

by half in the last 15 years.

这场运动功不可没。

(Applause)

（掌声）

My anger at the age of 27,

27岁时的愤怒——

to free that girl who was about to be sold to a brothel,

为解救那个将要被卖到妓院的女孩——

has given me an idea

让我有了新的想法，

to go for a new strategy of raid and rescue,

以全新的策略开展袭击和营救，

freeing children from slavery.

拯救那些被奴役的孩子。

And I am so lucky and proud to say that it is not one or 10 or 20,

很幸运的是，也让我很自豪的是， 我们拯救的孩子的数量

but my colleagues and I have been able to physically liberate 83,000 child slaves

不是个位数，也不是十位数， 而是8万3千个，

and hand them over back to their families and mothers.

重获自由，回到母亲的身边。

(Applause)

（掌声）

I knew that we needed global policies.

我知道政策需要拓展到全球。

We organized the worldwide marches against child labor

我们组织了全球范围内的反对童工的运动，

and that has also resulted in a new international convention

这促成了一个全新的国际公约，

to protect the children who are in the worst forms.

保护那些受苦受难的孩子。

And the concrete result was that the number of child laborers globally

具体的结果是 过去15年间，全世界的童工数量

has gone down by one third in the last 15 years.

减少了三分之一。

(Applause)

（掌声）

So, in each case,

以上的每个例子，

it began from anger,

都是从愤怒开始，

turned into an idea,

转变为新的想法，

and action.

进而行动。

So anger, what next?

愤怒，后面是？

Idea, and --

想法，然后——

Audience: Action

观众：行动。

Kailash Satyarthi: Anger, idea, action. Which I tried to do.

愤怒，想法，行动。 这是我一直努力践行的。

Anger is a power, anger is an energy,

愤怒是力量，愤怒是能量，

and the law of nature is that energy

自然的法则是能量

can never be created and never be vanished, can never be destroyed.

不会凭空产生，也不会消逝， 能量不会被毁灭。

So why can't the energy of anger be translated and harnessed

为什么愤怒的能量不能被转变并加以利用，

to create a better and beautiful world, a more just and equitable world?

塑造一个更美好、更公正和平的的世界呢？

Anger is within each one of you,

你们每个人心里都有愤怒，

and I will share a secret for a few seconds:

我要跟你们分享一个秘密：

that if we are confined in the narrow shells of egos,

如果我们局限在自我的狭壳中，

and the circles of selfishness,

自私的循环里，

then the anger will turn out to be hatred, violence, revenge, destruction.

愤怒就会转变为怨恨、暴力、报复和破坏。

But if we are able to break the circles,

但如果我们能够打破这个循环，

then the same anger could turn into a great power.

同样的愤怒就可以转变为伟大的力量。

We can break the circles by using our inherent compassion

我们可以通过内在的同情心来打破循环，

and connect with the world through compassion to make this world better.

并通过同情心，与世界联通， 让世界变得更美好。

That same anger could be transformed into it.

同样的愤怒也可以转变为同情心。

So dear friends, sisters and brothers, again, as a Nobel Laureate,

因此，亲爱的朋友们，兄弟姐妹们， 作为诺贝尔奖获得者，

I am urging you to become angry.

我鼓励你们内心激荡愤怒之情，

I am urging you to become angry.

鼓励你们心中燃气怒火。

And the angriest among us

我们中最怒火焚烧的那一位

is the one who can transform his anger into idea and action.

将会将其怒火转变为想法和行动。

Thank you so much.

非常感谢。

(Applause)

（掌声）

Chris Anderson: For many years, you've been an inspiration to others.

Chris Anderson: 多年来，你一直是别人的激励，

Who or what inspires you and why?

是谁，或者是什么激励着你？为什么？

KS: Good question.

KS：好问题，

Chris, let me tell you, and that is the truth,

Chris，让我告诉你，是实话，

each time when I free a child,

每当我解救一个孩子，

the child who has lost all his hope that he will ever come back to his mother,

解救一个失去全部希望、不曾幻想过回到

the first smile of freedom,

母亲身边的孩子，

and the mother who has lost all hope

绝望的母亲也不曾幻想

that the son or daughter can ever come back and sit in her lap,

她的儿子或女儿会回到她身边，

they become so emotional

他们会如此欢欣和感动，

and the first tear of joy rolls down on her cheek,

在母亲脸庞上滑落的第一颗泪珠上

I see the glimpse of God in it -- this is my biggest inspiration.

我看到了上帝——这就是我最激励我的。

And I am so lucky that not once, as I said before, but thousands of times,

让我感到幸运的是，如前所说， 我不止一次，而是千千万万次

I have been able to witness my God in the faces of those children

在那些孩子脸上看到上帝，

and they are my biggest inspirations.

这就是激励我不断前行的动力。

Thank you.

谢谢。

(Applause)

（掌声）