Kailash Satyarthi: How to make peace? Get angry

譯者: Joyce Chen 審譯者: QI JIANG

Today, I am going to talk about anger.

今天，我想談一談憤怒。

When I was 11,

在我11歲時，

seeing some of my friends leaving the school

看到我有些朋友，

because their parents could not afford textbooks

因為父母付不起課本錢 而不得不輟學，

made me angry.

讓我很憤怒。

When I was 27,

在我27歲的時候，

hearing the plight of a desperate slave father

聽到一個奴隸父親的絕望困境，

whose daughter was about to be sold to a brothel

他的女兒就快被賣到妓院去了，

made me angry.

讓我很憤怒。

At the age of 50,

在我50歲的時候，

lying on the street, in a pool of blood,

我的兒子與我，

along with my own son,

一起倒臥在馬路上的血泊中，

made me angry.

讓我憤怒。

Dear friends, for centuries we were taught anger is bad.

親愛的朋友，幾世紀以來， 我們都被教導：憤怒是不好的。

Our parents, teachers, priests --

我們的父母、師長、神職人員 --

everyone taught us how to control and suppress our anger.

每個人都教導我們， 該如何控制、壓抑憤怒。

But I ask why?

但我要問，為什麼？

Why can't we convert our anger for the larger good of society?

為什麼我們不能將憤怒轉化為 推動社會進步的力量？

Why can't we use our anger

我們為何不運用我們的憤怒，

to challenge and change the evils of the world?

去挑戰、去改變世上的邪惡呢？

That I tried to do.

我試著這麼做。

Friends,

朋友們，

most of the brightest ideas came to my mind out of anger.

我最絕妙的點子，大部分 都是因為憤怒而萌生。

Like when I was 35 and sat in a locked-up, tiny prison.

例如在我35歲時， 坐在狹小、深鎖的牢房裡，

The whole night, I was angry.

我整晚都很憤怒。

But it has given birth to a new idea.

但憤怒，卻促成了新想法的誕生。

But I will come to that later on.

這個我等一下再談。

Let me begin with the story of how I got a name for myself.

讓我先說一段故事， 是關於我名字的由來。

I had been a big admirer of Mahatma Gandhi since my childhood.

我從小就非常景仰聖雄甘地。

Gandhi fought and lead India's freedom movement.

甘地參與、且領導 印度的民族解放運動。

But more importantly,

但更重要的，

he taught us how to treat the most vulnerable sections,

他教導我們如何對待 社會上最脆弱的族群，

the most deprived people, with dignity and respect.

那些最弱勢、 最沒有身分和尊嚴的人。

And so, when India was celebrating

所以，在1969年， 印度正在慶祝

Mahatma Gandhi's birth centenary in 1969 --

甘地的誕辰紀念日，

at that time I was 15 --

那年我15歲 --

an idea came to my mind.

我突然靈機一動，

Why can't we celebrate it differently?

我們何不換一種方式來慶祝呢？

I knew, as perhaps many of you might know,

我知道， 你們很多人可能也知道，

that in India, a large number of people are born in the lowest segment of caste.

在印度的種姓制度下， 有許多人生來就是最低等級。

And they are treated as untouchables.

他們被稱為「不可觸碰的賤民」。

These are the people --

這些人 --

forget about allowing them to go to the temples,

別說是進寺廟了，

they cannot even go into the houses and shops of high-caste people.

就連比較高階貴族的住家或商店， 他們都不能進去。

So I was very impressed with the leaders of my town

所以我非常敬佩 我們鎮上的幾位領袖，

who were speaking very highly against the caste system and untouchability

他們高聲反對 種姓和賤民制度，

and talking of Gandhian ideals.

也宣揚甘地的理想。

So inspired by that, I thought, let us set an example

我深受啟發，於是想， 我們來開個先河，

by inviting these people to eat food cooked and served

由這些不可觸碰的賤民 準備菜餚，

by the untouchable community.

作東宴請這些領袖們。

I went to some low-caste, so-called untouchable, people,

我去找一些低種姓的"賤民"，

tried to convince them, but it was unthinkable for them.

試著說服他們， 但他們連想都不敢想。

They told me, "No, no. It's not possible. It never happened."

他們說，「不，不可能的， 從來沒發生過。」

I said, "Look at these leaders,

我說，「你們看這些領袖，

they are so great, they are against untouchability.

他們這麼偉大， 竭力反對賤民制度，

They will come. If nobody comes, we can set an example."

他們會來的。就算他們沒來， 我們也可以做個表率。」

These people thought that I was too naive.

他們覺得我太天真了。

Finally, they were convinced.

但最後，他們還是相信了。

My friends and I took our bicycles and invited political leaders.

我朋友和我騎著腳踏車 去邀請那些政治領袖。

And I was so thrilled, rather, empowered

我好高興， 不，應該說，覺得自己充滿力量。

to see that each one of them agreed to come.

因為每一位領袖 都答應要參加。

I thought, "Great idea. We can set an example.

我當時想，「太棒了， 我們可以一開先河，

We can bring about change in the society."

我們可以對社會帶來改變。」

The day has come.

那天終於來了。

All these untouchables, three women and two men,

所有我邀的賤民階層， 三女二男，

they agreed to come.

都同意參加。

I could recall that they had used the best of their clothes.

我還記得他們當時穿上了 最好的衣服。

They brought new utensils.

帶了新的餐具，

They had taken baths hundreds of times

還洗澡洗了好幾百次，

because it was unthinkable for them to do.

因為他們無法想像 這居然成真了。

It was the moment of change.

這是改變的時刻。

They gathered. Food was cooked.

他們聚在一起，食物也煮好了，

It was 7 o'clock.

時間是七點。

By 8 o'clock, we kept on waiting,

到八點了，我們繼續等，

because it's not very uncommon that the leaders become late,

因為這些領袖遲到一個多小時，

for an hour or so.

也不怎麼奇怪。

So after 8 o'clock, we took our bicycles and went to these leaders' homes,

所以八點過後，我們騎著腳踏車 到這些領袖的家，

just to remind them.

只想提醒他們一下。

One of the leader's wives told me,

其中一位領袖的太太告訴我，

"Sorry, he is having some headache, perhaps he cannot come."

「抱歉，他頭痛，可能不會到了。」

I went to another leader

我去找了另一位領袖，

and his wife told me, "Okay, you go, he will definitely join."

他太太說， 「好，你先去，他一定會到的。」

So I thought that the dinner will take place,

所以我想，餐會仍會照常舉行，

though not at that large a scale.

只是規模沒有那麼大而已。

I went back to the venue, which was a newly built Mahatma Gandhi Park.

我回到活動現場， 地點在一個新落成的甘地紀念公園。

It was 10 o'clock.

十點了。

None of the leaders showed up.

沒有任何一位領袖出現。

That made me angry.

這真讓我憤怒了。

I was standing, leaning against Mahatma Gandhi's statue.

我站在那裏，倚靠著 聖雄甘地的雕像。

I was emotionally drained, rather exhausted.

我真的心力交瘁，疲憊不堪。

Then I sat down where the food was lying.

於是我在食物旁邊坐了下來，

I kept my emotions on hold.

我努力壓抑自己的情緒。

But then, when I took the first bite,

但是，當我吃下第一口食物時，

I broke down in tears.

我的眼淚終於潰堤了。

And suddenly I felt a hand on my shoulder.

突然，有人伸手搭我的肩。

And it was the healing, motherly touch of an untouchable woman.

原來是其中一位賤民女性， 有如慈母般的撫觸。

And she told me, "Kailash, why are you crying?

她告訴我， 「凱拉許，你為什麼在哭？

You have done your bit.

你已經盡力了，

You have eaten the food cooked by untouchables,

你也吃了由賤民煮的食物，

which has never happened in our memory."

這在我們記憶中從沒發生過的。」

She said, "You won today."

她說：「今天，你成功了。」

And my friends, she was right.

我的朋友們，她說對了。

I came back home, a little after midnight,

我那天在稍過午夜後回到家，

shocked to see that several high-caste elderly people

我驚訝的發現， 有幾個高階種姓的長者

were sitting in my courtyard.

坐在我家庭院裡。

I saw my mother and elderly women were crying

我看到我母親和幾位女長輩 正在流眼淚，

and they were pleading to these elderly people

她們正在哀求那些耆老，

because they had threatened to outcaste my whole family.

因為耆老們決定 要將我們全家逐出種姓，

And you know, outcasting the family is the biggest social punishment

你們也知道，整個家族被逐出種姓， 是人們心目中

one can think of.

最嚴厲的社會懲罰。

Somehow they agreed to punish only me, and the punishment was purification.

後來他們決議，只懲罰我一個人， 懲罰方式是淨化滌罪。

That means I had to go 600 miles away from my hometown

意思是，我必須離鄉六百哩，

to the River Ganges to take a holy dip.

到恆河去受神聖之水的洗滌。

And after that, I should organize a feast for priests, 101 priests,

在洗滌完後，我還要辦一個宴會， 邀請101位教士，

wash their feet and drink that water.

為他們洗腳，並且喝下洗腳水。

It was total nonsense,

這根本就是荒謬至極！

and I refused to accept that punishment.

因此我拒絕接受這種懲罰。

How did they punish me?

所以他們如何懲罰我呢？

I was barred from entering into my own kitchen and my own dining room,

我被禁止再進入自己的廚房和飯廳，

my utensils were separated.

我的餐具都必須要分開。

But the night when I was angry, they wanted to outcaste me.

但雖然在我憤怒的那晚， 他們就決定要放逐我，

But I decided to outcaste the entire caste system.

但我決定，是我， 要來揚棄這整套種姓制度。

(Applause)

(掌聲)

And that was possible because the beginning would have been

這是可以做到的， 因為首先，

to change the family name, or surname,

我只需要改姓氏，

because in India, most of the family names are caste names.

因為在印度，大部分的家族姓氏 都是種姓階級名稱。

So I decided to drop my name.

所以我決定改掉名字。

And then, later on, I gave a new name to myself: Satyarthi,

之後，我給自己一個新名字： 沙提雅提，

that means, "seeker of truth."

意思是：「真理的追求者。」

(Applause)

(掌聲)

And that was the beginning of my transformative anger.

這也開啟了我 轉化憤怒的旅程。

Friends, maybe one of you can tell me,

朋友們， 你們可能有人可以告訴我，

what was I doing before becoming a children's rights activist?

我在成為兒童維權人士前， 都在做些甚麼？

Does anybody know?

有人知道嗎？

No.

沒有。

I was an engineer, an electrical engineer.

我是一個工程師，電子工程師。

And then I learned how the energy

後來我學到，

of burning fire, coal,

燃燒的火焰、或煤炭的能量，

the nuclear blast inside the chambers,

或反應爐中的核爆、 洶湧的波濤、狂嘯的強風

raging river currents,

fierce winds,

could be converted into the light and lives of millions.

都可以被轉化為 點亮萬眾生命的燈火。

I also learned how the most uncontrollable form of energy

我也學到， 世上最難以控制的能量，

could be harnessed for good and making society better.

是可以被永久駕馭， 且造福社會的。

所以，我要回到 我坐牢的那段故事。

So I'll come back to the story of when I was caught in the prison:

I was very happy freeing a dozen children from slavery,

我很高興我解放了 數十個被奴役的小孩，

handing them over to their parents.

讓他們可以回到父母身邊。

I cannot explain my joy when I free a child.

解放一個小孩， 那種快樂簡直無法言喻。

I was so happy.

我真的好快樂。

But when I was waiting for my train to come back to my hometown, Delhi,

但當我準備回到我德里的家鄉， 在月台上等火車時，

I saw that dozens of children were arriving;

我看到好幾十個小孩到車站，

they were being trafficked by someone.

他們被人口販子押著，準備要被賣掉。

I stopped them, those people.

我攔下這群人，

I complained to the police.

並且叫警察來。

So the policemen, instead of helping me,

結果警察不但沒有幫我，

they threw me in this small, tiny shell, like an animal.

反而像對待動物一般， 把我丟進狹小的牢房裡。

And that was the night of anger

這是一個憤怒的夜晚，

when one of the brightest and biggest ideas was born.

但那一夜，最燦爛的點子 誕生了。

I thought that if I keep on freeing 10 children, and 50 more will join,

我發現，就算我能再解救10位孩子， 也還會再有另50位被奴役，

that's not done.

這樣解決不了問題。

And I believed in the power of consumers,

而我相信消費者的力量。

and let me tell you that this was the first time

我告訴你們， 這是首次，

when a campaign was launched by me or anywhere in the world,

世界上有人，也就是我， 發起運動，

to educate and sensitize the consumers

來教育、提高消費者的敏感度，

to create a demand for child-labor-free rugs.

創造了「無童工地毯」這種新的需求。

In Europe and America, we have been successful.

在歐美，我們都做得很成功，

And it has resulted in a fall in child labor

這也造成 南亞童工數量，

in South Asian countries by 80 percent.

下降了百分之80。

(Applause)

(掌聲)

Not only that, but this first-ever consumer's power, or consumer's campaign

不只這樣，這個史無前例的 消費者運動，

has grown in other countries and other industries,

還拓展到了其他國家、 以及其他產業，

maybe chocolate, maybe apparel, maybe shoes -- it has gone beyond.

或許是巧克力業、成衣業、鞋業， 很多其他產業受影響。

My anger at the age of 11,

我11歲時，

when I realized how important education is for every child,

當我了解到， 教育對每一位孩童來說有多重要，

I got an idea to collect used books and help the poorest children.

我的憤怒讓我靈機一動，募集二手課本， 來幫助窮苦的小孩。

I created a book bank at the age of 11.

我在11歲時就建立了圖書銀行。

But I did not stop.

但我並沒有就此停下腳步。

Later on, I cofounded

我後來，還與其他人共同創立了

the world's single largest civil society campaign for education

全球最大規模 推動教育的公民組織運動。

that is the Global Campaign for Education.

名為「全球教育運動」。

That has helped in changing the whole thinking towards education

這項運動幫助世界 重新定義教育，

from the charity mode to the human rights mode,

從公益慈善的角度， 轉化成基本人權的角度。

and that has concretely helped the reduction of out-of-school children

而這個運動 具體影響了輟學兒童的數量，

by half in the last 15 years.

在近15年間，就減少了一半。

(Applause)

(掌聲)

My anger at the age of 27,

我27歲時，

to free that girl who was about to be sold to a brothel,

為了要搶救快被賣到妓院的少女，

has given me an idea

我的憤怒讓我有了新點子，

to go for a new strategy of raid and rescue,

去嘗試全新的策略：掠奪式營救，

freeing children from slavery.

來拯救孩童脫離奴役。

And I am so lucky and proud to say that it is not one or 10 or 20,

我很幸運，也很驕傲的告訴大家， 我們不只救了十幾二十人，

but my colleagues and I have been able to physically liberate 83,000 child slaves

我的同事和我，已經合作拯救了 8萬3千名孩子，

and hand them over back to their families and mothers.

讓他們可以回到家人、母親身邊。

(Applause)

(掌聲)

I knew that we needed global policies.

我知道我們需要全球性的策略。

We organized the worldwide marches against child labor

我們在世界各地發起遊行， 反對童工制度，

and that has also resulted in a new international convention

這也讓各國建立了新的國際慣例，

to protect the children who are in the worst forms.

去保護他們國內最弱勢的孩童。

And the concrete result was that the number of child laborers globally

最顯著的成效， 就是全球童工的數量，

has gone down by one third in the last 15 years.

在近15年內， 已減少了三分之一。

(Applause)

(掌聲)

So, in each case,

以上的每個例子，

it began from anger,

都是由憤怒開始，

turned into an idea,

然後轉化成一個想法、

and action.

再變成行動。

So anger, what next?

所以，憤怒，再來是甚麼？

Idea, and --

想法。再來呢？

Audience: Action

觀眾：行動。

Kailash Satyarthi: Anger, idea, action. Which I tried to do.

凱拉許：憤怒、想法、行動。 我試著付諸實踐。

Anger is a power, anger is an energy,

憤怒是原動力，憤怒是一種能量，

and the law of nature is that energy

而大自然的法則就是：

can never be created and never be vanished, can never be destroyed.

能量不會憑空產生，也不會無端消逝， 它無法被消滅。

So why can't the energy of anger be translated and harnessed

因此，我們何不將憤怒的能量 轉化、駕馭它、

to create a better and beautiful world, a more just and equitable world?

並用它來創造一個更好、更美、 更正義、更公平的社會？

Anger is within each one of you,

我們每個人心裡都有憤怒。

and I will share a secret for a few seconds:

我跟你們分享一個秘密：

that if we are confined in the narrow shells of egos,

如果我們都只把自己侷限在 自我意識的窠臼中，

and the circles of selfishness,

陷入自私的循環，

then the anger will turn out to be hatred, violence, revenge, destruction.

那憤怒就會轉變為 仇恨、暴力、報復和破壞。

But if we are able to break the circles,

但如果我們可以打破這循環，

then the same anger could turn into a great power.

同樣的憤怒可能 可以轉化為更偉大的力量。

We can break the circles by using our inherent compassion

我們可以用與生俱來的同理心 來打破這循環，

and connect with the world through compassion to make this world better.

用這同理心來和世界連結， 讓世界更好。

That same anger could be transformed into it.

一樣的憤怒，可以被轉化為同理心。

So dear friends, sisters and brothers, again, as a Nobel Laureate,

所以，親愛的朋友、姊妹、兄弟們， 我要再以諾貝爾和平獎得主的身分告訴你們，

I am urging you to become angry.

我鼓勵你們憤怒！

I am urging you to become angry.

我鼓勵你們心中燃起怒火。

And the angriest among us

而我們之中最憤怒的人，

is the one who can transform his anger into idea and action.

將會是可以將憤怒 轉化為想法和行動的人。

Thank you so much.

感謝各位。

(Applause)

(掌聲)

Chris Anderson: For many years, you've been an inspiration to others.

克里斯‧安德森：多年來， 你啟發過許多人。

Who or what inspires you and why?

而是誰啟發了你？為什麼？

KS: Good question.

凱拉許：好問題。

Chris, let me tell you, and that is the truth,

克里斯，讓我告訴你， 這是實話，

each time when I free a child,

我每次解救一個小孩，

the child who has lost all his hope that he will ever come back to his mother,

這小孩本來完全放棄希望， 他不指望有朝一日可以回到母親身邊，

the first smile of freedom,

而那初獲自由的笑容令人難忘。

and the mother who has lost all hope

那母親本來也失去一切希望，

that the son or daughter can ever come back and sit in her lap,

不認為自己的兒子或女兒 有天可以回到她身邊，

they become so emotional

她們看到兒女時那種激動，

and the first tear of joy rolls down on her cheek,

掉在她臉頰上的第一滴眼淚裡，

I see the glimpse of God in it -- this is my biggest inspiration.

我在裡面可以看見上帝， 這是我最大的啟發。

And I am so lucky that not once, as I said before, but thousands of times,

我很幸運， 因為不只一次，我說過，而是千千萬萬次，

I have been able to witness my God in the faces of those children

我在孩子臉上看到了我的上帝，

and they are my biggest inspirations.

這是我最大的啟發。

Thank you.

謝謝。

(Applause)

(掌聲)