Christopher Soghoian: Government surveillance — this is just the beginning

Prevodilac: Jelena Ilisić Lektor: Mile Živković

The 2011 Arab Spring

Godine 2011, arapsko proleće

captured the attention of the world.

privuklo je pažnju sveta.

It also captured the attention

Takođe je privuklo pažnju

of authoritarian governments in other countries,

diktatorskih vlada drugih zemalja,

who were worried that revolution would spread.

koje su se zabrinule da će se revolucija proširiti.

To respond, they ramped up surveillance

Kao odgovor, oni su pojačali nadzor

of activists, journalists and dissidents

aktivista, novinara i disidenata,

who they feared would inspire revolution

koji bi inspirisali revoluciju

in their own countries.

u njihovim zemljama.

One prominent Bahraini activist,

Jedan istaknuti aktivista iz Bahreina,

who was arrested and tortured by his government,

kog je njegova vlada uhapsila i mučila,

has said that the interrogators showed him

rekao je da su mu ispitivači pokazali

transcripts of his telephone calls

transkripte njegovih telefonskih poziva

and text messages.

i SMS poruka.

Of course, it's no secret

Naravno, nije tajna

that governments are able to intercept telephone calls and text messages.

da su vlade sposobne da presretnu telefonske pozive i SMS poruke.

It's for that reason that many activists

Zbog tog razloga mnogi aktivisti

specifically avoid using the telephone.

naročito izbegavaju da koriste telefon.

Instead, they use tools like Skype,

Umesto toga, oni koriste alate poput Skajpa,

which they think are immune to interception.

za koje misle da su imuni na presretanje.

They're wrong.

Greše.

There have now been over the last few years

U poslednjih nekoliko godina, pojavila se

an industry of companies

industrija kompanija

who provide surveillance technology to governments,

koje obezbeđuju vladama tehnologiju za nadzor,

specifically technology that allows those governments

naročito tehnologiju koja dozvoljava tim vladama

to hack into the computers

da hakuju kompjutere

of surveillance targets.

meta nadzora.

Rather than intercepting the communications as they go over the wire,

Umesto da presreću komunikacije dok idu preko žice,

instead they now hack into your computer,

oni sada hakuju vaš računar,

enable your webcam, enable your microphone,

uključuju vašu veb-kameru, vaš mikrofon,

and steal documents from your computer.

i kradu dokumente sa vašeg računara.

When the government of Egypt fell in 2011,

Kada je vlada Egipta pala 2011,

activists raided the office of the secret police,

aktivisti su upali u prostorije tajne policije,

and among the many documents they found

i među mnogim dokumentima koje su našli,

was this document by the Gamma Corporation,

bio je ovaj dokument korporacije Gama,

by Gamma International.

međunarodne Gama korporacije.

Gamma is a German company

To je nemačka firma koja proizvodi

that manufactures surveillance software

softver za nadgledanje

and sells it only to governments.

i prodaje ga samo vladama.

It's important to note that most governments

Važno je zabeležiti da većina vlada

don't really have the in-house capabilities

zaista nema vlastite sposobnosti

to develop this software.

da razvije ovaj softver.

Smaller ones don't have the resources

Manje države nemaju sredstva

or the expertise,

ili stručnjake,

and so there's this market of Western companies

i zato postoji tržište kompanija sa zapada,

who are happy to supply them with the tools

koje ih rado snabdevaju alatima

and techniques for a price.

i tehnikama za određenu cenu.

Gamma is just one of these companies.

Gama je samo jedna od ovih kompanija.

I should note also that Gamma never actually sold

Takođe treba napomenuti da Gama zapravo nikad nije prodala

their software to the Egyptian government.

svoj softver egipatskoj vladi.

They'd sent them an invoice for a sale,

Poslali su im fakturu za prodaju,

but the Egyptians never bought it.

ali Egipćani ga nikad nisu kupili.

Instead, apparently, the Egyptian government

Egipatska vlada je zapravo izgleda

used a free demo version of Gamma's software.

koristila besplatnu demo verziju Gaminog softvera.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

So this screenshot is from a sales video

Ova slika je iz reklamnog videa

that Gamma produced.

koji je Gama proizvela.

Really, they're just emphasizing

Zapravo, oni samo naglašavaju,

in a relatively slick presentation

u relativno uglađenoj prezentaciji,

the fact that the police can sort of sit

činjenicu da policija otprilike može da sedi

in an air-conditioned office

u klimatizovanoj kancelariji

and remotely monitor someone

i sa udaljenosti nadgleda

without them having any idea that it's going on.

nekoga ko nema pojma o tome šta se događa.

You know, your webcam light won't turn on.

Svetlo na vašoj vebkameri neće se upaliti.

There's nothing to indicate that the microphone is enabled.

Ne postoji ništa što ukazuje na to da je vaš mikrofon uključen.

This is the managing director of Gamma International.

Ovo je rukovodeći direktor Gama Internešnala.

His name is Martin Muench.

Njegovo ime je Martin Minh.

There are many photos of Mr. Muench that exist.

Postoji mnogo fotografija gospodina Minha.

This is perhaps my favorite.

Ova je možda meni omiljena.

I'm just going to zoom in a little bit onto his webcam.

Zumiraću malo na njegovu veb-kameru.

You can see there's a little sticker

Možete tu videti malu nalepnicu

that's placed over his camera.

koja je postavljena preko kamere.

He knows what kind of surveillance is possible,

On zna koja vrsta nadzora je moguća,

and so clearly he doesn't want it to be used

i jasno da ne želi da se upotrebi

against him.

protiv njega.

Muench has said that he intends

Minh je rekao da je namera

for his software to be used

njegovog softvera bila

to capture terrorists and locate pedophiles.

hvatanje terorista i lociranje pedofila.

Of course, he's also acknowledged that once

Naravno, takođe je priznao da jednom

the software has been sold to governments,

kad softver proda vladama,

he has no way of knowing how it can be used.

on nema načina da zna kako se koristi.

Gamma's software has been located on servers

Gamin softver je lociran na serverima

in countries around the world,

u zemljama celog sveta,

many with really atrocious track records

u mnogim sa zaista svirepim zapisima praćenjima

and human rights violations.

i kršenjima ljudskih prava.

They really are selling their software around the world.

Oni zaista prodaju svoj softver u celom svetu.

Gamma is not the only company in the business.

Gama nije jedina kompanija u poslu.

As I said, it's a $5 billion industry.

Kako sam rekao, to je industrija od 5 milijardi dolara.

One of the other big guys in the industry

Jedan od drugih velikih igrača u industriji

is an Italian company called Hacking Team.

je italijanska kompanija zvana Haking Tim.

Now, Hacking Team has what is probably

Haking Tim ima verovatno

the slickest presentation.

najuglađeniju prezentaciju.

The video they've produced is very sexy,

Video koji su proizveli je veoma seksi,

and so I'm going to play you a clip

i pustiću vam isečak

just so you can get a feel

samo da biste stekli osećaj

both for the capabilities of the software

o sposobnostima softvera,

but also how it's marketed

ali i o tome kako se reklamira

to their government clients.

svojim klijentima, vladama.

(Video) Narrator: You want to look through your target's eyes.

(Video) Narator: Želite da gledate kroz oči vaše mete.

(Music)

(Muzika)

You have to hack your target.

Morate hakovati vašu metu.

["While your target is browsing the web, exchanging documents, receiving SMS, crossing the borders"]

["Dok ona pretražuje internet, razmenjuje dokumente, prima SMS, prelazi granice"]

You have to hit many different platforms.

Morate da pogodite mnogo različitih platformi.

["Windows, OS X, iOS, Android, Blackberry, Symbian, Linux"]

["Vindouz, OS X, iOS, Android, Blekberi, Simbijan, Linuks"]

You have to overcome encryption

Morate prevazići enkripciju

and capture relevant data.

i uhvatiti bitne podatke.

[Skype & encrypted calls, target location, messaging, relationships,

[Skajp i šifrovani pozivi, lokacija mete, poruke, veze,

web browsing, audio & video"]

pretraživanje interneta, audio i video"]

Being stealth and untraceable.

Biti u tajnosti i nemoguć za otkriti.

["Immune to any protection system Hidden collection infrastructure"]

["Imun na svaki sistem zaštite, skrivenu kolekciju infrastrukture"]

Deployed all over your country.

Raspoređen po celoj vašoj zemlji.

["Up to hundreds of thousands of targets Managed from a single spot"]

["Čak stotine hiljada meta kontrolisane sa jednog mesta"]

Exactly what we do.

Tačno ono što radimo.

Christopher Soghoian: So, it would be funny if it wasn't true,

Kristofer Sogojan: Bilo bi smešno da nije istina,

but, in fact, Hacking Team's software

ali, u stvari, softver Haking tima

is being sold to governments around the world.

se prodaje vladama širom sveta.

Last year we learned, for example,

Prošle godine smo, na primer, saznali

that it's been used to target Moroccan journalists by the Moroccan government.

da ga koristi marokanska vlast za marokanske novinare.

Many, many countries it's been found in.

Pronađen je u mnogim, mnogim zemljama.

So, Hacking Team has also been actively courting

Haking Tim se aktivno udvarao

the U.S. law enforcement market.

američkom tržištu za sprovođenje zakona.

In the last year or so, the company

Otprilike u poslednjoj godini,

has opened a sales office in Maryland.

kompanija je otvorila prodajni prostor u Merilendu.

The company has also hired a spokesperson.

Takođe je zaposlila portparola.

They've been attending

Oni posećuju konferencije

surveillance industry conferences

industrije za nadgledanje

where law enforcement officials show up.

gde se pojavljuju predstavnici zakona.

They've spoken at the conferences.

Oni govore na konferencijama.

What I thought was most fascinating was

Najfascinantnije mi je

they've actually paid for the coffee break

da su oni zapravo platili pauzu za kafu

at one of the law enforcement conferences

na jednoj od ovih konferencija

earlier this year.

ranije ove godine.

I can't tell you for sure that Hacking Team

Ne mogu vam reći sa sigurnošću da je Haking Tim

has sold their technology in the United States,

prodao svoju tehnologiju u Sjedinjenim Državama,

but what I can tell you that if they haven't sold it,

ali mogu vam reći da ako je nisu prodali,

it isn't because they haven't been trying hard.

to nije zato što se nisu jako trudili.

So as I said before,

Kao što sam već rekao,

governments that don't really have the resources

vlade koje nemaju resurse

to build their own tools will buy

da izgrade svoje alate, kupiće

off-the-shelf surveillance software,

softver za nadzor sa tržišta

and so for that reason,

i iz tog razloga,

you see that the government of, say, Tunisia,

vidite da, recimo, vlada Tunisa,

might use the same software as the government of Germany.

možda koristi isti softver kao vlada Nemačke.

They're all buying off-the-shelf stuff.

Svi oni kupuju sa tržišta.

The Federal Bureau of Investigation in the United States

FBI u Sjedinjenim Državama

does have the budget to build their own surveillance technology,

ima budžet za izgradnju vlastite tehnologije nadzora,

and so for several years, I've been trying

i tako sam nekoliko godina pokušavao

to figure out if and how the FBI

da saznam da li i kako FBI

is hacking into the computers of surveillance targets.

hakuje kompjutere meta nadzora.

My friends at an organization called the Electronic Frontier Foundation --

Moji prijatelji iz organizacije Fondacija Elektronskog Fronta -

they're a civil society group —

oni su grupa građana -

obtained hundreds of documents from the FBI

dobili su stotine dokumenata od FBI

detailing their next generation of surveillance technologies.

sa detaljima o sledećoj generaciji tehnologija za nadzor.

Most of these documents were heavily redacted,

Veći deo ovih dokumenata je prilično izmenjen,

but what you can see from the slides,

ali ono što možete da vidite sa slajdova,

if I zoom in, is this term:

ako zumiram, je ovaj termin:

Remote Operations Unit.

Jedinica za Daljinske Operacije.

Now, when I first looked into this,

Kada sam ovo prvi put pogledao,

I'd never heard of this unit before.

nikad pre nisam čuo za ovu jedinicu.

I've been studying surveillance for more than six years.

Proučavam nadgledanje više od šest godina.

I'd never heard of it.

nikad nisam čuo za njih.

And so I went online and I did some research,

Pa sam otišao onlajn i malo istraživao,

and ultimately I hit the mother lode

i na kraju pogodio zlatnu žilu

when I went to LinkedIn,

kada sam otišao na LinkedIn,

the social networking site for job seekers.

društvenu mrežu za traženje posla.

There were lots of former U.S. government contractors

Bilo je mnogo bivših radnika vlade SAD-a

who had at one point worked

koji su nekad radili

for the Remote Operating Unit,

u toj jedinici,

and were describing in surprising detail on their CVs

i opisivali su sa iznenađujućim detaljima u svojim biografijama

what they had done in their former job.

šta su radili na tim prethodnim poslovima.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

So I took this information

Uzeo sam te informacije

and I gave it to a journalist that I know and trust at the Wall Street Journal,

i dao ih novinarki Vol Strit Žurnala koju poznajem i kojoj verujem,

and she was able to contact several other

i ona je kontaktirala nekoliko drugih

former law enforcement officials

bivših predstavnika zakona,

who spoke on background and confirmed

koji su potvrdili

that yes, in fact, the FBI has a dedicated team

da zapravo, FBI ima posvećeni tim

that does nothing but hack into the computers

koji isključivo hakuje računare

of surveillance targets.

meta nadzora.

Like Gamma and Hacking Team,

Kao Gama i Haking Tim,

the FBI also has the capability

FBI takođe ima sposobnost

to remotely activate webcams, microphones,

da sa udaljenosti aktivira vebkamere, mikrofone,

steal documents, get web browsing information,

uzima dokumente i informacije o pretraživanju

the works.

i ostalo.

There's sort of a big problem

Postoji prilično veliki problem

with governments going into hacking,

sa vladama koje ulaze u hakovanje,

and that's that terrorists, pedophiles,

a to je da teroristi, pedofili,

drug dealers, journalists and human rights activists

dileri drogom, novinari i borci za ljudska prava

all use the same kinds of computers.

svi koriste iste vrste računara.

There's no drug dealer phone

Ne postoji telefon za dilera droge

and there's no journalist laptop.

i ne postoji laptop za novinara.

We all use the same technology,

Svi koristimo istu tehnologiju,

and what that means then is that for governments

i to onda znači da vlade,

to have the capability to hack into the computers

da bi mogle da provale u računare

of the real bad guys,

stvarno loših momaka,

they also have to have the capability

takođe moraju imati sposobnost

to hack into our devices too.

da provale i u naše uređaje.

So governments around the world

Tako da su vlade širom sveta

have been embracing this technology.

prigrlile ovu tehnologiju.

They've been embracing hacking

Prigrlile su hakovanje

as a law enforcement technique,

kao tehniku sprovođenja zakona,

but without any real debate.

ali bez ikakve prave rasprave.

In the United States, where I live,

U sjedinjenim Državama, gde ja živim,

there have been no congressional hearings.

nije bilo saslušanja u kongresu.

There's no law that's been passed

Ne postoji odobreni zakon

specifically authorizing this technique,

koji posebno odobrava ovu tehniku,

and because of its power and potential for abuse,

i zbog njene moći i potencijala za zloupotrebu,

it's vital that we have an informed public debate.

bitno je da imamo informisanu javnu raspravu.

Thank you very much.

Mnogo vam hvala.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)