Christopher Soghoian: Government surveillance — this is just the beginning

Prevoditelj: Davorin Jelačić Recezent: Ivan Stamenković

The 2011 Arab Spring

Arapsko proljeće 2011. godine

captured the attention of the world.

zaokupilo je pažnju svijeta.

It also captured the attention

Privuklo je i pažnju

of authoritarian governments in other countries,

autoritarnih vlada u drugim zemljama,

who were worried that revolution would spread.

koje su se zabrinule da će se revolucija proširiti.

To respond, they ramped up surveillance

Odgovorili su pojačavanjem nadzora

of activists, journalists and dissidents

nad aktivistima, novinarima i disidentima,

who they feared would inspire revolution

bojeći se da bi ovi mogli izazvati revolucije

in their own countries.

u njihovim vlastitim zemljama.

One prominent Bahraini activist,

Istaknuti aktivist iz Bahraina

who was arrested and tortured by his government,

kojega je njegova vlada uhitila i mučila,

has said that the interrogators showed him

rekao je da su mu istražitelji pokazali

transcripts of his telephone calls

transkripte njegovih telefonskih poziva

and text messages.

i tekstualnih poruka.

Of course, it's no secret

Naravno, nije tajna

that governments are able to intercept telephone calls and text messages.

da vlade mogu presresti telefonske pozive i poruke.

It's for that reason that many activists

Iz tog razloga mnogi aktivisti

specifically avoid using the telephone.

pažljivo izbjegavaju upotrebu telefona.

Instead, they use tools like Skype,

Umjesto toga koriste alate poput Skypea,

which they think are immune to interception.

za koje misle da su imuni na presretanje.

They're wrong.

Griješe.

There have now been over the last few years

U posljednjih nekoliko godina

an industry of companies

pojavila se čitava industrija tvrtki

who provide surveillance technology to governments,

koje opskrbljuju vlade tehnologijom nadzora,

specifically technology that allows those governments

konkretno, tehnologijom koja vladama omogućava

to hack into the computers

da upadnu u računala

of surveillance targets.

meta njihovog nadzora.

Rather than intercepting the communications as they go over the wire,

Umjesto da presreću komunikacije tijekom njihova prijenosa vodovima,

instead they now hack into your computer,

oni vam sada uđu u računalo,

enable your webcam, enable your microphone,

aktiviraju kameru, uključe mikrofon,

and steal documents from your computer.

i kradu vam dokumente iz računala.

When the government of Egypt fell in 2011,

Kad je egipatska vlada pala 2011.,

activists raided the office of the secret police,

aktivisti su upali u ured tajne policije;

and among the many documents they found

među mnogim dokumentima koje su našli

was this document by the Gamma Corporation,

bio je i dokument tvrtke Gamma Corporation,

by Gamma International.

članice Gamma International.

Gamma is a German company

Gamma je njemačka kompanija

that manufactures surveillance software

koja proizvodi softver za nadzor

and sells it only to governments.

i prodaje ga samo vladama.

It's important to note that most governments

Važno je primijetiti da većina vlada

don't really have the in-house capabilities

ne može sama

to develop this software.

razviti takav softver.

Smaller ones don't have the resources

Manje vlade nemaju resurse

or the expertise,

ili znanje,

and so there's this market of Western companies

i zato postoji tržište zapadnih kompanija

who are happy to supply them with the tools

koje su sretne da ih mogu opskrbiti

and techniques for a price.

alatima i tehnologijom za određenu cijenu.

Gamma is just one of these companies.

Gamma je tek jedna od tih kompanija.

I should note also that Gamma never actually sold

Moram napomenuti i da Gamma zapravo nikad nije prodala

their software to the Egyptian government.

svoj softver egipatskoj vladi.

They'd sent them an invoice for a sale,

Poslali su im predračun za softver,

but the Egyptians never bought it.

ali ga Egipćani nikad nisu kupili.

Instead, apparently, the Egyptian government

Čini se da je egipatska vlada

used a free demo version of Gamma's software.

koristila besplatnu demo verziju softvera.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

So this screenshot is from a sales video

Ovo je kadar iz prodajnog videa

that Gamma produced.

kojega je Gamma snimila.

Really, they're just emphasizing

Oni samo ističu,

in a relatively slick presentation

u relativno elegantnoj prezentaciji,

the fact that the police can sort of sit

činjenicu da policija može samo sjediti

in an air-conditioned office

u klimatiziranom uredu

and remotely monitor someone

i na daljinu nadzirati nekoga

without them having any idea that it's going on.

bez da ovaj zna što se događa.

You know, your webcam light won't turn on.

Znate, svjetlo vaše web kamere se neće uključiti.

There's nothing to indicate that the microphone is enabled.

Ništa vam ne otkriva činjenicu da je mikrofon aktiviran.

This is the managing director of Gamma International.

Ovo je direktor kompanije Gamma International.

His name is Martin Muench.

Zove se Martin Muench.

There are many photos of Mr. Muench that exist.

Postoji mnogo fotografija gospodina Muencha.

This is perhaps my favorite.

Ova mi je najdraža.

I'm just going to zoom in a little bit onto his webcam.

Malo ću zumirati njegovu web kameru.

You can see there's a little sticker

Vidite da je preko njegove kamere

that's placed over his camera.

postavljena naljepnica.

He knows what kind of surveillance is possible,

On zna kakvo praćenje je moguće,

and so clearly he doesn't want it to be used

i očito ne želi da se ono rabi

against him.

protiv njega.

Muench has said that he intends

Muench je izjavio da želi

for his software to be used

da se njegov softver koristi

to capture terrorists and locate pedophiles.

za hvatanje terorista i pedofila.

Of course, he's also acknowledged that once

Naravno, priznao je da nakon što

the software has been sold to governments,

softver prodaju vladama,

he has no way of knowing how it can be used.

on ne zna kako će ga one upotrebljavati.

Gamma's software has been located on servers

Gammin softver je pronađen na serverima

in countries around the world,

u zemljama širom svijeta,

many with really atrocious track records

mnogima sa užasnom poviješću

and human rights violations.

kršenja ljudskih prava.

They really are selling their software around the world.

Oni svoj program prodaju širom svijeta.

Gamma is not the only company in the business.

Gamma nije jedina u tom poslu.

As I said, it's a $5 billion industry.

Kao što rekoh, to je industrija od 5 milijardi dolara.

One of the other big guys in the industry

Jedan od značajnih igrača

is an Italian company called Hacking Team.

je talijanska kompanija pod nazivom Hacking Team.

Now, Hacking Team has what is probably

Hacking Team ima vjerojatno

the slickest presentation.

najbolju prezentaciju.

The video they've produced is very sexy,

Njihov video je vrlo seksi,

and so I'm going to play you a clip

pa ću vam ga pustiti

just so you can get a feel

kako biste dobili osjećaj

both for the capabilities of the software

i za mogućnosti softvera

but also how it's marketed

i za način na koji ga se prodajno prezentira

to their government clients.

vladama koje su potencijalni klijenti.

(Video) Narrator: You want to look through your target's eyes.

(Video) Narator: Želite gledati očima svoje mete.

(Music)

(Glazba)

You have to hack your target.

Morate hakirati svoju metu.

["While your target is browsing the web, exchanging documents, receiving SMS, crossing the borders"]

["Dok vaša meta pretražuje internet, razmjenjuje dokumente, prima SMS, prelazi granice"]

You have to hit many different platforms.

Morate pogoditi mnogo različitih platformi.

["Windows, OS X, iOS, Android, Blackberry, Symbian, Linux"]

["Windowse, OS X, iOS, Android, Blackberry, Symbian, Linux"]

You have to overcome encryption

Morate probiti enkripciju

and capture relevant data.

i prikupiti važne podatke.

[Skype & encrypted calls, target location, messaging, relationships,

[Skype i šifrirane pozive, lokaciju mete, poruke, odnose,

web browsing, audio & video"]

pregledavanje interneta, audio i video"]

Being stealth and untraceable.

Morate biti nevidljivi i ne ostavljati tragove.

["Immune to any protection system Hidden collection infrastructure"]

["Imuni na zaštitne sustave Skrivena infrastruktura prikupljanja"]

Deployed all over your country.

Pokrivenost čitave zemlje.

["Up to hundreds of thousands of targets Managed from a single spot"]

["Stotine tisuća meta koje se prati s jednog mjesta"]

Exactly what we do.

Baš ono što mi nudimo.

Christopher Soghoian: So, it would be funny if it wasn't true,

Christopher Soghoian: Bilo bi zabavno da nije istinito,

but, in fact, Hacking Team's software

ali softver tvrtke Hacking Team

is being sold to governments around the world.

prodaje se vladama širom svijeta.

Last year we learned, for example,

Lani smo saznali, na primjer,

that it's been used to target Moroccan journalists by the Moroccan government.

da ga je marokanska vlada rabila za praćenje marokanskih novinara.

Many, many countries it's been found in.

Pronađen je u mnogim, mnogim zemljama.

So, Hacking Team has also been actively courting

Hacking Team je vrlo aktivan

the U.S. law enforcement market.

i na tržištu američkih vladinih agencija.

In the last year or so, the company

U posljednjih godinu dana, tvrtka je

has opened a sales office in Maryland.

otvorila prodajno predstavništvo u Marylandu.

The company has also hired a spokesperson.

Zaposlili su glasnogovornika.

They've been attending

Sudjeluju na konferencijama

surveillance industry conferences

industrije nadzora

where law enforcement officials show up.

na koje dolaze vladini dužnosnici.

They've spoken at the conferences.

Drže govore na konferencijama.

What I thought was most fascinating was

Meni je najfascinantnija činjenica

they've actually paid for the coffee break

da su platili kavu u stanci

at one of the law enforcement conferences

na jednoj od tih konferencija

earlier this year.

ranije ove godine.

I can't tell you for sure that Hacking Team

Ne mogu vam sa sigurnošću tvrditi da je Hacking Team

has sold their technology in the United States,

prodao svoju tehnologiju u Sjedinjenim Državama,

but what I can tell you that if they haven't sold it,

ali ono što vam mogu reći je da ako je nisu prodali,

it isn't because they haven't been trying hard.

to nije zato što se nisu svojski trudili.

So as I said before,

Kao što sam već rekao,

governments that don't really have the resources

vlade koje nemaju resurse

to build their own tools will buy

za izradu vlastitih alata

off-the-shelf surveillance software,

kupit će gotov nadzorni softver,

and so for that reason,

i zato ćete vidjeti,

you see that the government of, say, Tunisia,

da vlada, na primjer,Tunisa,

might use the same software as the government of Germany.

upotrebljava isti program kao i njemačka vlada.

They're all buying off-the-shelf stuff.

Svi oni kupuju gotove programe.

The Federal Bureau of Investigation in the United States

Savezni istražni biro (FBI) Sjedinjenih Država

does have the budget to build their own surveillance technology,

ima proračun za razvoj vlastite nadzorne tehnologije,

and so for several years, I've been trying

i ja nekoliko godina nastojim

to figure out if and how the FBI

otkriti da li FBI i na koji način

is hacking into the computers of surveillance targets.

provaljuje u računala osoba koje su mete nadzora.

My friends at an organization called the Electronic Frontier Foundation --

Moji prijatelji u organizaciji pod nazivom Electronic Frontier Foundation --

they're a civil society group —

oni su udruga građana —

obtained hundreds of documents from the FBI

u posjedu je stotina dokumenata FBI-ja

detailing their next generation of surveillance technologies.

koji objašnjavaju sljedeću generaciju tehnologija nadzora.

Most of these documents were heavily redacted,

Većina tih dokumenata je značajno obrađena,

but what you can see from the slides,

ali ono što vidite iz slajdova,

if I zoom in, is this term:

ako zumiram, je ovaj termin:

Remote Operations Unit.

Jedinica za operacije na daljinu.

Now, when I first looked into this,

Kad sam to prvi puta vidio,

I'd never heard of this unit before.

nikada ranije nisam čuo za tu jedinicu.

I've been studying surveillance for more than six years.

Proučavam nadziranje već dulje od 6 godina.

I'd never heard of it.

Nikad nisam čuo za nju.

And so I went online and I did some research,

Pa sam otišao na internet, obavio istraživanja,

and ultimately I hit the mother lode

i konačno pronašao zlatnu žilu

when I went to LinkedIn,

kad sam otišao na LinkedIn,

the social networking site for job seekers.

društvenu mrežu za one koji traže posao.

There were lots of former U.S. government contractors

Mnošto je bivših podugovaratelja američke vlade

who had at one point worked

u neko doba radilo

for the Remote Operating Unit,

za Jedinicu za operacije na daljinu,

and were describing in surprising detail on their CVs

i u svojim su životopisima iznenađujuće detaljno opisivali

what they had done in their former job.

što su radili na svom prethodnom poslu.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

So I took this information

Prikupio sam informacije

and I gave it to a journalist that I know and trust at the Wall Street Journal,

i dao ih novinarki koju znam i kojoj vjerujem u Wall Street Journalu,

and she was able to contact several other

i ona je uspjela stupiti u kontakt s nekolicinom

former law enforcement officials

bivših djelatnika vladinih službi

who spoke on background and confirmed

koji su objasnili pozadinu i potvrdili

that yes, in fact, the FBI has a dedicated team

da FBI zaista ima poseban tim

that does nothing but hack into the computers

zadužen samo za provale u računala

of surveillance targets.

osoba koje su meta nadzora.

Like Gamma and Hacking Team,

Kao Gamma i Hacking Team,

the FBI also has the capability

i FBI ima mogućnost

to remotely activate webcams, microphones,

daljinskog aktiviranja kamera, mikrofona,

steal documents, get web browsing information,

krađe dokumenata, prikupljanja informacijama o posjećenim stranicama,

the works.

i drugo.

There's sort of a big problem

Ima jedan velik problem

with governments going into hacking,

u tome što se vlade bave hakiranjem,

and that's that terrorists, pedophiles,

a sastoji se u tome da se teroristi, pedofili

drug dealers, journalists and human rights activists

dileri droge, novinari i aktivisti za ljudska prava

all use the same kinds of computers.

svi koriste istim računalima.

There's no drug dealer phone

Ne postoji telefon za dilere droge,

and there's no journalist laptop.

ne postoji laptop za novinare.

We all use the same technology,

Svi rabimo istu tehnologiju,

and what that means then is that for governments

i to znači da kad vlade imaju

to have the capability to hack into the computers

mogućnost ulaska u računala

of the real bad guys,

stvarno opasnih tipova,

they also have to have the capability

također imaju mogućnost

to hack into our devices too.

upada i u vaše uređaje.

So governments around the world

Vlade širom svijeta

have been embracing this technology.

preuzimaju ovu tehnologiju.

They've been embracing hacking

Primjenjuju hakiranje

as a law enforcement technique,

kao tehniku provedbe zakonitosti,

but without any real debate.

ali se to odvija bez prave rasprave.

In the United States, where I live,

U Sjedinjenim Državama gdje živim,

there have been no congressional hearings.

nije bilo kongresnih saslušanja.

There's no law that's been passed

Nijedan zakon nije donijet

specifically authorizing this technique,

koji bi odobrio tu konkretnu tehniku,

and because of its power and potential for abuse,

a zbog njene moći i potencijalne zloporabe,

it's vital that we have an informed public debate.

ključno je da održimo informiranu javnu raspravu.

Thank you very much.

Mnogo vam hvala.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)