Susan Lim: Transplant cells, not organs

73,905 views ・ 2011-04-19

TED


Please double-click on the English subtitles below to play the video.

Prevodilac: Jelena Nedjic Lektor: Ivana Korom
00:16
So I was privileged to train in transplantation
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Imala sam privilegiju da me metodama transplantacije podučavaju
00:20
under two great surgical pioneers:
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dva fantastična pionira u hirurgiji
00:22
Thomas Starzl,
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Tomas Štarzl,
00:24
who performed the world's first successful liver transplant
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čovek koji je obavio prvu uspešnu transplantaciju jetre na svetu,
00:27
in 1967,
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1967. godine,
00:29
and Sir Roy Calne,
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i Gospodin Roj Kaln,
00:31
who performed the first liver transplant in the U.K.
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koji je odradio prvu transplantaciju jetre u Velikoj Britaniji
00:34
in the following year.
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godinu dana nakon toga.
00:37
I returned to Singapore
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Potom sam se vratila u Singapur,
00:39
and, in 1990,
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i 1990. godine
00:41
performed Asia's first successful
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odradila u Aziji prvu uspešnu
00:43
cadaveric liver transplant procedure,
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kompleksnu transplantaciju jetre,
00:46
but against all odds.
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nasuprot svim očekivanjima.
00:49
Now when I look back,
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Kada pogledam sada u nazad,
00:51
the transplant was actually the easiest part.
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transplantacija je u principu bila najlakši deo posla.
00:55
Next, raising the money to fund the procedure.
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Sledeće, doći do para kako bismo finansirali tu proceduru.
00:59
But perhaps the most challenging part
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Ali je verovatno najzahtevniji deo
01:03
was to convince the regulators --
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bio da ubedimo ljude na vrhu --
01:05
a matter which was debated in the parliament --
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u nešto o čemu se raspravljalo i u parlamentu --
01:09
that a young female surgeon
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a to je da mladoj ženi hirurgu
01:11
be allowed the opportunity
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bude ukazana prilika
01:13
to pioneer for her country.
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da uspostavi nešto novo u svojoj zemlji.
01:16
But 20 years on,
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Ali 20 godina kasnije,
01:18
my patient, Surinder,
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moja pacijentkinja, Surinder,
01:20
is Asia's longest surviving
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je osoba iz Azije koja je
01:22
cadaveric liver transplant to date.
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do danas preživela najduži period nakon transplantacije.
01:25
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
01:29
And perhaps more important,
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I verovatno je još značajnije to
01:32
I am the proud godmother
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što sam ja ponosna kuma
01:34
to her 14 year-old son.
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njenog četrnaestogodišnjeg sina.
01:36
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
01:40
But not all patients on the transplant wait list
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Ali ne dele svi pacijenti koji se nađu na listi
01:42
are so fortunate.
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čekanja organa takvu sreću.
01:44
The truth is,
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Isitna je da,
01:46
there are just simply not enough donor organs
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jednostavno ne postoji dovoljno donora organa
01:48
to go around.
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za sve neophodne transplantacije.
01:50
As the demand for donor organs
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A zahtev za organima donora
01:52
continues to rise,
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nastavlja da raste,
01:54
in large part due to the aging population,
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velikim delom usled starenja populacije,
01:57
the supply has remained relatively constant.
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dok su resursi za dobijanje istih nepromenjeni.
02:01
In the United States alone,
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Samo u Sjedinjenim Američkim Državama,
02:03
100,000 men, women and children
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100.000 muškaraca, žena i dece
02:07
are on the waiting list for donor organs,
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se nalaze na listi čekanja organa,
02:10
and more than a dozen die each day
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i više od desetine ljudi umre svakog dana
02:13
because of a lack of donor organs.
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jer nema dovoljno donora.
02:16
The transplant community
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Zajednica ljudi koja se bavi transplantacijom
02:18
has actively campaigned in organ donation.
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je aktivno promovisala ideju o davanju organa.
02:21
And the gift of life
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I lista davaoca organa
02:23
has been extended
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je proširena
02:25
from brain-dead donors
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od osoba kojima je mozak nefunkcionalan
02:27
to living, related donors --
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do živih donora koji su u srodstvu sa vama --
02:29
relatives who might donate an organ
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rođaci mogu donirati svoje organe,
02:32
or a part of an organ,
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ili deo organa,
02:34
like a split liver graft,
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na primer deo jetre,
02:36
to a relative or loved one.
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rođacima ili voljenoj osobi.
02:39
But as there was still a dire shortage of donor organs,
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Ali obzirom da je i dalje postojala velika nestašica organa,
02:42
the gift of life was then extended
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lista davaoca je opet proširena
02:44
from living, related donors
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od živih donora koji su u srodstvu sa vama
02:46
to now living, unrelated donors.
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do osoba koje to nisu.
02:49
And this then has given rise
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A to je dovelo do
02:52
to unprecedented and unexpected
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nezampaćene i neočekivane
02:55
moral controversy.
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moralne kontroverze.
02:58
How can one distinguish
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Kako možemo da napravimo razliku između
03:01
a donation that is voluntary and altruistic
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dobrovoljne, altruističke donacije organa
03:04
from one that is forced or coerced
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i one koja je nametnuta i prisiljena
03:07
from, for example,
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na primer,
03:09
a submissive spouse, an in-law,
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od pokornog supružnika, rodbine,
03:12
a servant, a slave,
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sluge, roba,
03:14
an employee?
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zaposlenog?
03:16
Where and how can we draw the line?
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Gde i kako možemo da povučemo tu crtu?
03:20
In my part of the world,
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U delu sveta odakle ja dolazim,
03:23
too many people live below the poverty line.
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previše ljudi živi ispod granice siromaštva.
03:26
And in some areas,
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I u nekim regionima je
03:28
the commercial gifting of an organ
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komercijalno davanje organa
03:30
in exchange for monetary reward
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u zamenu za novčanu nagradu
03:33
has led to a flourishing trade
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dovelo do procvata trgovine organima
03:35
in living, unrelated donors.
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među ljudima koji nisu u srodstvu.
03:39
Shortly after I performed the first liver transplant,
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Ubrzo nakon što sam odradila prvu transplantaciju jetre,
03:42
I received my next assignment,
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dobila sam sledeći zadatak,
03:44
and that was to go to the prisons
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da idem u zatvore
03:47
to harvest organs
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i izolujem organe
03:49
from executed prisoners.
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iz pogubljenih zatvorenika.
03:52
I was also pregnant at the time.
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U to vreme sam takođe bila trudna.
03:55
Pregnancies are meant
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Trudnoća bi trebalo da bude period
03:57
to be happy and fulfilling moments
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prepun srećnih i ispunjavajućih momenata
04:00
in any woman's life.
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u životu svake žene.
04:02
But my joyful period
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Ali moj srećni period
04:04
was marred by solemn and morbid thoughts --
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je bio uništen veoma ozbiljnim i morbidnim mislima --
04:09
thoughts of walking through
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razmišljanjima o prolaženju
04:11
the prison's high-security death row,
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kroz redove zatvorenika osuđenih na smrtnu kaznu,
04:14
as this was the only route
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a to je bila jedina putanja kojom sam mogla
04:16
to take me to the makeshift operating room.
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da dođem do improvizovane operacione sale.
04:20
And at each time,
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I svakog puta,
04:22
I would feel the chilling stares
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bih se osetila uznemireno
04:25
of condemned prisoners' eyes follow me.
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kada bih osetila poglede osuđenika koji me prate.
04:29
And for two years,
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I tokom dve godine,
04:31
I struggled with the dilemma
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sam se borila sa dilemom
04:33
of waking up at 4:30 am
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o ustajanju u 4:30 ujutru
04:35
on a Friday morning,
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svakog petka,
04:37
driving to the prison,
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vozila bih do zatvora,
04:39
getting down, gloved and scrubbed,
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stizala do tamo, stavljala rukavice i dezinfikovala se,
04:41
ready to receive the body
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spremna da preuzmem telo
04:44
of an executed prisoner,
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pogubljenog zatvorenika,
04:46
remove the organs
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izolovala bih organe
04:48
and then transport these organs
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i transportovala bih ih
04:50
to the recipient hospital
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do odgovarajuće bolnice
04:52
and then graft the gift of life
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i onda bih poklonila život
04:55
to a recipient the same afternoon.
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osobi kojoj je potreban organ tog istog popodneva.
04:58
No doubt, I was informed,
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Bez ikakve sumnje, bila sam informisana
05:00
the consent had been obtained.
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da je prethodno dobijena saglasnost za proceduru.
05:06
But, in my life,
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Ali u mom životu,
05:08
the one fulfilling skill that I had
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umeće koje me je uvek ispunjavalo
05:13
was now invoking feelings of conflict --
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je sada budilo konfliktna osećanja --
05:17
conflict ranging
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a to je konflikt koji je imao raspon
05:19
from extreme sorrow and doubt at dawn
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od ekstremne tuge i nedoumice u zoru
05:23
to celebratory joy
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do vanredne radosti
05:25
at engrafting the gift of life at dusk.
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usled spašavanja života u svitanje.
05:29
In my team,
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U mom timu,
05:31
the lives of one or two of my colleagues
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životi jednog ili dvojice mojih kolega
05:34
were tainted by this experience.
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bili su pometeni ovim iskustvom.
05:37
Some of us may have been sublimated,
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Neki od nas su sublimirali te osećaje,
05:40
but really none of us remained the same.
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ali zaista niko nije ostao nepromenjen.
05:44
I was troubled
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Mučila me je činjenica
05:47
that the retrieval of organs from executed prisoners
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da je izolovanje organa iz pogubljenih zatvorenika
05:51
was at least as morally controversial
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barem onoliko moralno kontroverzno
05:54
as the harvesting of stem cells
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koliko i izolovanje matičnih ćelija
05:56
from human embryos.
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ih ljudskih embriona.
05:59
And in my mind,
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I po mom mišljenju,
06:01
I realized as a surgical pioneer
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shvatila sam da je moja uloga kao pionira u hirurgiji
06:04
that the purpose of my position of influence
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kao osobe koja ima uticajnu poziciju
06:07
was surely to speak up
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sigurno u tome da progovorim u
06:09
for those who have no influence.
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ime onih koji nisu imali nikakav uticaj.
06:12
It made me wonder
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Počela sam da se pitam
06:14
if there could be a better way --
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da li postoji bolji način --
06:16
a way to circumvent death
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da zaobiđemo smrt
06:19
and yet deliver the gift of life
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a opet poklonimo život ljudima
06:21
that might exponentially impact
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na način koji bi mogao da ima eksponencijalni uticaj
06:24
millions of patients worldwide.
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na milione pacijenata širom sveta.
06:28
Now just about that time,
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Upravo u to vreme,
06:30
the practice of surgery evolved
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hirurgija je evoluirala
06:32
from big to small,
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od velikih ka malim dimenzijama,
06:34
from wide open incisions
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od širokih, otvorenih rezova pri operacijama
06:36
to keyhole procedures,
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do procedura koje su se obavljale na rezu
06:38
tiny incisions.
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veličine ključaonice, majušnih rezova.
06:41
And in transplantation, concepts shifted
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I u transplantaciji je došlo do promene koncepta
06:44
from whole organs to cells.
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od upotrebe organa do korišćenja ćelija.
06:47
In 1988, at the University of Minnesota,
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1988. na Univerzitetu u Minesoti,
06:50
I participated in a small series
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učestvovala sam u maloj seriji
06:53
of whole organ pancreas transplants.
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transplantacija čitavog pankreasa.
06:56
I witnessed the technical difficulty.
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I bila očevidac tehničkih poteškoća.
06:59
And this inspired in my mind
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To je inspirisalo promenu u mom načinu razmišljanja
07:01
a shift from transplanting whole organs
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da umesto transplantacija celih organa
07:05
to perhaps transplanting cells.
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treba možda transplantirati ćelije.
07:07
I thought to myself,
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Pomislila sam tada,
07:09
why not take the individual cells
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zašto ne bismo izolovali indvidualne ćelije
07:12
out of the pancreas --
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iz pankreasa --
07:14
the cells that secrete insulin to cure diabetes --
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ćelije koje sintetišu insulin kako bismo izlečili dijabetes
07:17
and transplant these cells? --
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i transplantirali te ćelije? --
07:20
technically a much simpler procedure
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to je tehnički mnogo jednostavnija procedura
07:22
than having to grapple with the complexities
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u poređenju sa borbom koju vodimo
07:25
of transplanting a whole organ.
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da bismo transplantirali ceo organ.
07:28
And at that time,
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I u to doba
07:30
stem cell research
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je istraživanje matičnih ćelija
07:32
had gained momentum,
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postalo veoma popularno,
07:34
following the isolation of the world's first
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a potom je usledila prva u svetu izolacija
07:37
human embryonic stem cells
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humanih embrionalnih matičnih ćelija
07:39
in the 1990s.
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u devedesetim.
07:42
The observation that stem cells, as master cells,
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Zapažanje da matične ćelije, kao master-ćelije,
07:45
could give rise
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imaju potencijal da se razviju
07:47
to a whole variety of different cell types --
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u različite tipove ćelija --
07:49
heart cells, liver cells,
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ćelije srca, ćelije jetre,
07:51
pancreatic islet cells --
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ćelije ostrvaca u pankreasu --
07:53
captured the attention of the media
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je privuklo pažnju medija
07:56
and the imagination of the public.
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i maštu javnosti.
07:59
I too was fascinated
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Ja sam takođe bila fascinirana
08:01
by this new and disruptive cell technology,
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ovom novom tehnologijom kojom se mogu izolovati ćelije,
08:04
and this inspired a shift in my mindset,
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što je inspirisalo promenu u mom načinu razmišljanja,
08:07
from transplanting whole organs
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od transplantiranja celih organa
08:09
to transplanting cells.
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do transplantiranja ćelija.
08:12
And I focused my research on stem cells
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Tako da sam se ja tada fokusirala na istraživanje matičnih ćelija
08:15
as a possible source
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kao novih mogućih izvora
08:17
for cell transplants.
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za ćelijske transplantacije.
08:20
Today we realize
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Danas shvatamo
08:22
that there are many different types of stem cells.
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da postoje različiti tipovi matičnih ćelija.
08:25
Embryonic stem cells
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Matične ćelije embriona
08:27
have occupied center stage,
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su zauzele centalno mesto na pozornici,
08:29
chiefly because of their pluripotency --
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uglavnom zbog toga što su to pluripotentne ćelije --
08:33
that is their ease in differentiating
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što znači da od njih mogu da nastanu
08:36
into a variety of different cell types.
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različiti tipovi ćelija.
08:40
But the moral controversy
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Ali postoji moralna kontroverza
08:43
surrounding embryonic stem cells --
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povezana sa matičnim ćelijama embriona --
08:46
the fact that these cells are derived
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a koja leži u činjenici da te ćelije izolujemo
08:48
from five-day old human embryos --
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iz humanih embriona koji su stari 5 dana
08:51
has encouraged research
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što je dovelo do istraživanja
08:53
into other types of stem cells.
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različitih tipova matičnih ćelija.
08:56
Now to the ridicule of my colleagues,
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Potom sam, iako su me kolege podsmešljivo gledale,
09:00
I inspired my lab
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inspirisala svoju laboratoriju
09:02
to focus on what I thought
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da fokusiramo naše istraživanje na - kako sam ja mislila-
09:05
was the most non-controversial source of stem cells,
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najnekotroverzniji izvor matičnih ćelija,
09:09
adipose tissue, or fat, yes fat --
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a to je masno tkivo ili masne naslage - da baš mast --
09:12
nowadays available in abundant supply --
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u današnjem vremenu nam je dostupno u ogromnim količinama --
09:16
you and I, I think, would be very happy to get rid of anyway.
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i vi i ja, ja mislim, bismo bili srećni da ga se otarasimo.
09:21
Fat-derived stem cells
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Matične ćelije koje potiču od masnog tkiva
09:23
are adult stem cells.
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su matične ćelije odraslih osoba.
09:25
And adult stem cells
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I te zrele matične ćelije
09:27
are found in you and me --
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u vama i meni -- možemo pronaći
09:29
in our blood, in our bone marrow,
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u našoj krvi, u našoj koštanoj srži,
09:31
in our fat, our skin and other organs.
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u našem masnom tkivu, koži i drugim organima.
09:34
And as it turns out,
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I ispostavilo se,
09:36
fat is one of the best sources
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da je masno tkivo najbolji izvor
09:38
of adult stem cells.
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matičnih ćelija odraslih osoba.
09:40
But adult stem cells
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Ali zrele matične ćelije
09:42
are not embryonic stem cells.
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nisu embrionalne matične ćelije.
09:45
And here is the limitation:
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U tome leži ograničenje:
09:47
adult stem cells are mature cells,
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matične ćelije odraslih osoba su zrele ćelije,
09:50
and, like mature human beings,
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i kao i odrasle osobe,
09:53
these cells are more restricted in their thought
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one su malo više ograničene u načinu razmišljanja
09:56
and more restricted in their behavior
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i malo više ograničene u svom ponašanju
09:59
and are unable to give rise
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i nisu u mogućnosti da proizvedu
10:01
to the wide variety of specialized cell types,
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širok spektar različitih, specifičnih tipova ćelija,
10:04
as embryonic stem cells [can].
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kao što to mogu embrionalne matične ćelije.
10:06
But in 2007,
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Ali u 2007. godini,
10:09
two remarkable individuals,
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dve izvanredne osobe,
10:12
Shinya Yamanaka of Japan
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Šinija Jamanaka iz Japana
10:14
and Jamie Thomson of the United States,
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i Džejmi Tompson iz Sjedinjenih Američkih Država,
10:17
made an astounding discovery.
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su došli do neverovatnog otkrića.
10:20
They discovered
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Otkrili su
10:22
that adult cells, taken from you and me,
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da ćelije odraslih osoba, izolovane iz vas i mene,
10:25
could be reprogrammed
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mogu biti reprogramirane
10:28
back into embryonic-like cells,
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u stupanj koji je sličan matičnim ćelijama embriona,
10:30
which they termed IPS cells,
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koji su nazvali IPM ćelija,
10:33
or induced pluripotent stem cells.
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ili indukovane pluripotentne matične ćelije.
10:38
And so guess what,
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I da li možda znate da se sada,
10:40
scientists around the world and in the labs
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naučnici širom sveta u svojim laboratorijama
10:43
are racing
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takmiče
10:45
to convert aging adult cells --
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da pretvore odrasle ćelije koje stare --
10:48
aging adult cells from you and me --
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odrasle ćelije u procesu starenja u vama i meni --
10:50
they are racing to reprogram these cells
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takmiče se da ih re-programiraju
10:53
back into more useful IPS cells.
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u IPM stanje koje je daleko korisnije.
10:58
And in our lab,
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U našoj laboratoriji,
11:00
we are focused on taking fat
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mi smo fokusirani na izolovanje masnog tkiva
11:02
and reprogramming
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i re-programiranje
11:04
mounds of fat
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tone masnog tkiva
11:06
into fountains of youthful cells --
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u reke mladih ćelija
11:10
cells that we may use
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ćelija koje bismo potom mogli da koristimo
11:12
to then form other,
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da proizvedu druge,
11:14
more specialized, cells,
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viče specijalizovane tipove ćelija,
11:16
which one day may be used as cell transplants.
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koje bismo jednog dana mogli da koristimo za transplantiranje.
11:20
If this research is successful,
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Ukoliko budemo uspešni u ovim istraživanjima,
11:23
it may then reduce the need
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to može smanjiti potrebu
11:26
to research and sacrifice
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za istraživanjem i žrtvovanjem
11:28
human embryos.
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ljudskih embriona.
11:32
Indeed, there is a lot of hype, but also hope
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I zaista, diže se puno prašine, ali ima i puno nade
11:35
that the promise of stem cells
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da matične ćelije imaju potencijal
11:37
will one day provide cures
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da se koriste rutinski u lečenju
11:39
for a whole range of conditions.
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različitih tipova bolesti.
11:41
Heart disease, stroke, diabetes,
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Srčana bolest, šlog, dijabetes,
11:44
spinal cord injury, muscular dystrophy,
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povrede kičmene moždine, muskularna distrofija,
11:46
retinal eye diseases --
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bolesti retine --
11:49
are any of these conditions
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i mnoge druge bolesti
11:51
relevant, personally, to you?
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da li patite od nekih od ovih bolesti?
11:54
In May 2006,
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U maju 2006. godine,
11:57
something horrible happened to me.
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se meni desilo nešto zaista strašno.
12:00
I was about to start a robotic operation,
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Trebalo je da počnem robotizovanu operaciju,
12:02
but stepping out of the elevator
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ali kada sam izašla iz lifta
12:04
into the bright and glaring lights of the operating room,
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u operacionu salu koja je bila svetla i blistava
12:07
I realized
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shvatila sam
12:09
that my left visual field
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da se moje levo polje vida
12:11
was fast collapsing into darkness.
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veoma brzo gubi u potpunoj tami.
12:14
Earlier that week,
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Ranije te nedelje
12:16
I had taken a rather hard knock
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sam se poprilično jako udarila
12:18
during late spring skiing -- yes, I fell.
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tokom skijanja u kasno proleće -- da, pala sam.
12:21
And I started to see floaters and stars,
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I videla sam svetlace i zvezde,
12:23
which I casually dismissed
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koje sam opušteno objasnila
12:25
as too much high-altitude sun exposure.
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preteranom izlaganju suncu na velikim nadmorskim visinama.
12:28
What happened to me
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Ono što se meni desilo
12:30
might have been catastrophic,
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moglo je imati katastrofalne posledice,
12:32
if not for the fact
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da nisam bila u mogućnosti da
12:34
that I was in reach of good surgical access.
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dobijem dobru hiruršku intervenciju.
12:36
And I had my vision restored,
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Ponovo sam mogla dobro da vidim,
12:38
but not before a prolonged period of convalescence --
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ali nakon produženog perioda oporavka --
12:41
three months --
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tri meseca --
12:43
in a head down position.
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u mirovanju.
12:45
This experience
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Ovo iskustvo me je naučilo
12:47
taught me to empathize more with my patients,
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da bolje sagledam muku svojih pacijenata,
12:50
and especially those with retinal diseases.
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naročito onih koji pate od bolesti retine.
12:54
37 million people worldwide
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37 miliona ljudi širom sveta
12:56
are blind,
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je slepo,
12:58
and 127 million more
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i još 127 miliona ljudi
13:01
suffer from impaired vision.
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pati od lošeg vida.
13:04
Stem cell-derived retinal transplants,
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Postoji mogućnost da transplantacije retine matičnim ćelijama,
13:07
now in a research phase,
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koje su danas u fazi istraživanja,
13:09
may one day restore vision,
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jednog dana uspešno u potpunosti povrate vid,
13:11
or part vision,
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ili delimično povrate vid,
13:13
to millions of patients with retinal diseases worldwide.
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milionima pacijenata koji pate od bolesti retine širom sveta.
13:17
Indeed, we live
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I zaista, mi živimo u vremenu
13:19
in both challenging
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koje je istovremeno i izazovno
13:21
as well as exciting times.
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i uzbudljivo.
13:25
As the world population ages,
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I paralelno sa starenjem svetske populacije,
13:28
scientists are racing
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naučnici se takmiče da
13:30
to discover new ways
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pronađu nove načine
13:32
to enhance the power of the body
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kako bi poboljšali snagu tela
13:34
to heal itself through stem cells.
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kako bi ono moglo samo sebe da izleči uz pomoć matičnih ćelija.
13:37
It is a fact
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Činjenica je da
13:39
that when our organs or tissues are injured,
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kada dođe do povrede naših organa ili tkiva
13:42
our bone marrow
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koštana srž
13:44
releases stem cells
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oslobađa matične čelije
13:46
into our circulation.
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u naš krvotok.
13:48
And these stem cells
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I ove matične ćelije
13:50
then float in the bloodstream
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plutaju krvotokom
13:52
and hone in to damaged organs
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i pronalaze oštećene organe u koje
13:55
to release growth factors
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oslobađaju faktore rasta
13:57
to repair the damaged tissue.
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kako bi zalečile oštećeno tkivo.
13:59
Stem cells may be used as building blocks
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Matične ćelije se mogu koristiti kao gradivni blokovi
14:02
to repair damaged scaffolds within our body,
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koji bi popravljali oštećene "skele" u našem telu,
14:06
or to provide new liver cells
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ili da stvore nove ćelije jetre
14:08
to repair damaged liver.
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da izleče oštećenu jetru.
14:11
As we speak, there are 117 or so clinical trials
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U ovom trenutku, postoji oko 117 kliničkih istraživanja
14:14
researching the use of stem cells
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koja proučavaju mogućnost upotrebe matičnih ćelija
14:17
for liver diseases.
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u lečenju raznih bolesti jetre.
14:19
What lies ahead?
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Šta nas još čeka?
14:21
Heart disease
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Bolesti srca
14:23
is the leading cause of death worldwide.
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su vodeći uzrok smrti u svetu.
14:25
1.1 million Americans
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1.1. milion Amerikanaca
14:27
suffer heart attacks yearly.
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doživi srčani napad svake godine.
14:30
4.8 million
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4.8 miliona
14:32
suffer cardiac failure.
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pati od insuficijencija srca.
14:34
Stem cells may be used
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Matične ćelije bismo mogli koristiti
14:36
to deliver growth factors
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kao izvore faktora rasta
14:38
to repair damaged heart muscle
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koji bi popravili oštećeni srčani mišić
14:40
or be differentiated
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ili bismo ih mogli diferencirati
14:42
into heart muscle cells
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u ćelije srčanog mišića
14:44
to restore heart function.
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kako bi uspostavile regularnu funkciju srca.
14:46
There are 170 clinical trials
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Postoji 170 kliničkih istraživanja koja
14:49
investigating the role of stem cells in heart disease.
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proučavaju mogućnost korišćenja matičnih ćelija u lečenju srčanih oboljenja.
14:53
While still in a research phase,
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Iako se i dalje nalazimo u istaživačkoj fazi,
14:56
stem cells may one day herald
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matične ćeilje mogu jednog dana dovesti do
14:59
a quantum leap in the field of cardiology.
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kvantnog skoka u polju kardiologije.
15:03
Stem cells provide hope for new beginnings --
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Matične ćelije nam pružaju nadu za nove početke --
15:06
small, incremental steps,
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malim, inkrementnim koracima,
15:09
cells rather than organs,
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ćelije, a ne organi,
15:12
repair rather than replacement.
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popraviti, a ne zameniti.
15:15
Stem cell therapies
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Lečenje matičnim ćelijama
15:18
may one day reduce the need for donor organs.
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može jednog dana smanjiti potrebu za donorima organa.
15:22
Powerful new technologies
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Ove nove moćne tehnologije
15:24
always present enigmas.
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uvek predstavljaju nove enigme.
15:26
As we speak,
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U ovom trenutku,
15:28
the world's first human embryonic stem cell trial for spinal cord injury
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prvo kliničko istraživanje u oblasti lečenja kičmene moždine
15:31
is currently underway
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humanim embrionalnim matičnim ćelijama
15:33
following the USFDA approval.
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čeka na odobrenje USFDA.
15:36
And in the U.K.,
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A u Velikoj Britaniji mogućnost
15:38
neural stem cells to treat stroke
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upotrebe nervnih matičnih ćelija u lečenju moždanog
15:40
are being investigated in a phase one trial.
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udara je u prvoj fazi kliničkih istraživanja.
15:44
The research success that we celebrate today
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Uspesi do kojih su istražavinja dovela, a koje slavimo danas,
15:47
has been made possible
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su rezultat
15:49
by the curiosity and contribution and commitment
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radoznalosti, doprinosa i posvećenosti
15:53
of individual scientists
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pojedinačnih naučnika
15:55
and medical pioneers.
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i pionira u polju medicine.
15:57
Each one has his story.
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Svako od njih ima svoju priču.
16:00
My story has been about my journey
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Moja priča je priča o mom putu
16:03
from organs to cells --
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od organa do ćelija --
16:05
a journey through controversy,
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o putu punom različitih kontroverzi,
16:07
inspired by hope --
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koji je ispunjen nadom --
16:09
hope that, as we age,
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nadom, da ćemo dok starimo
16:12
you and I may one day celebrate longevity
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vi i ja moći jednog dana da slavimo dugovečnost
16:15
with an improved quality of life.
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karakterisanu poboljšanim kvalitetom života.
16:17
Thank you.
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Hvala vam.
About this website

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