Peter Singer: The why and how of effective altruism

Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast

Prevodilac: Silvija Varga Lektor: Mile Živković

There's something that I'd like you to see.

Želeo bih da vam pokažem nešto.

(Video) Reporter: It's a story that's deeply unsettled

(Video) Repotrer: To je priča koja je uznemirila

millions in China:

milione u Kini:

footage of a two-year-old girl

snimak dvogodišnje devojčice

hit by a van and left bleeding in the street by passersby,

koju su pregazila kola i koja je ostavljena na ulici da krvari,

footage too graphic to be shown.

snimak koji je suviše uznemirujuć da bi bio pokazan.

The entire accident is caught on camera.

Ceo nesrećan slučaj je snimljen.

The driver pauses after hitting the child,

Vozač staje pošto je udario devojčicu,

his back wheels seen resting on her for over a second.

zadnji točkovi kola i dalje leže na devojčici.

Within two minutes, three people pass two-year-old Wang Yue by.

U roku od dve minute troje ljudi prolazi pored dvogodšnje Vang Ju.

The first walks around the badly injured toddler completely.

Prva osoba u potpunosti zaobilazi teško ranjeno dete.

Others look at her before moving off.

Ostali je zagledaju pre nego što nastave svojim putem.

Peter Singer: There were other people

Piter Singer: I drugi ljudi su

who walked past Wang Yue,

naprosto prošli pored Veng Ju,

and a second van ran over her legs

a druga kola su prešla još jednom preko njenih nogu

before a street cleaner raised the alarm.

pre nego što je ulični čistač podigao uzbunu.

She was rushed to hospital, but it was too late. She died.

Ona je ubrzo odvezena u bolnicu, ali je bilo prekasno. Preminula je.

I wonder how many of you, looking at that,

Pitam se, koliko vas bi, gledajući ovo,

said to yourselves just now, "I would not have done that.

reklo: "Ja to nikada ne bih uradio.

I would have stopped to help."

Ja bih se zaustavio i pomogao."

Raise your hands if that thought occurred to you.

Podignite ruke ukoliko vam je ta misao prošla kroz glavu.

As I thought, that's most of you.

Kao što sam i mislio, većina vas.

And I believe you. I'm sure you're right.

Verujem vam. Verujem da je to tačno.

But before you give yourself too much credit,

Ali pre nego što se potapšete po leđima,

look at this.

pogledajte ovo.

UNICEF reports that in 2011,

UNICEF izveštava da je 2011.,

6.9 million children under five

6,9 miliona dece ispod uzrasta od 5 godina

died from preventable, poverty-related diseases.

preminulo od bolesti izazvanih siromaštvom, a koje se mogu sprečiti.

UNICEF thinks that that's good news

UNICEF smatra da su to dobre vesti

because the figure has been steadily coming down

jer je broj preminulih u sigurnom opadanju

from 12 million in 1990. That is good.

sa 12 miliona u 1990. To je dobro.

But still, 6.9 million

Pa ipak, 6,9 miliona

is 19,000 children dying every day.

je 19 000 dece koja umiru svakog dana.

Does it really matter

Da li je zaista bitno

that we're not walking past them in the street?

to što ne prolazimo pored njih svaki dan na ulici?

Does it really matter that they're far away?

Da li je zaista bitno što su oni toliko daleko?

I don't think it does make a morally relevant difference.

Mišljenja sam da to ne pravi nikakvu moralno relevantnu razliku.

The fact that they're not right in front of us,

Činjenica da oni nisu pred našim očima,

the fact, of course, that they're of a different nationality

činjenica da su druge nacionalnosti

or race, none of that seems morally relevant to me.

ili rase, ne čini moralno relevantnu razliku za mene.

What is really important is,

Ono što je zaista bitno jeste

can we reduce that death toll? Can we save

to šta mi možemo da uradimo da umanjimo taj broj? Da li možemo da spasimo

some of those 19,000 children dying every day?

makar neko dete od tih 19 000 koja umiru svaki dan?

And the answer is, yes we can.

Odgovor je: naravno da možemo.

Each of us spends money

Svi mi trošimo novac

on things that we do not really need.

na stvari koje nam zapravo ne trebaju.

You can think what your own habit is,

Možete da se setite nekih od svojih navika,

whether it's a new car, a vacation

bilo da je to automobil, godišnji odmor

or just something like buying bottled water

ili nešto prosto kao što je kupovina flaširane vode

when the water that comes out of the tap

kada je voda koja izlazi iz česme

is perfectly safe to drink.

sasvim bezbedna za piće.

You could take the money you're spending

Mogli bismo da uzmemo taj novac koji trošimo

on those unnecessary things

na te nebitne stvari

and give it to this organization,

i damo ih ovoj organizaciji,

the Against Malaria Foundation,

Fondaciji protiv malarije,

which would take the money you had given

koja bi uzela novac koji ste dali

and use it to buy nets like this one

i iskoristila ga da kupi mreže poput ove

to protect children like this one,

da bi zaštitili decu kao što je ovo.

and we know reliably that if we provide nets,

Mi sa sigurnošću znamo da ako ih snabdemo mrežama,

they're used, and they reduce the number of children

one će se koristiti, i moći će da umanje broj dece

dying from malaria,

koja umiru od malarije,

just one of the many preventable diseases

još jedna u nizu bolesti koju je moguće sprečiti,

that are responsible for some of those 19,000 children

a koje je odgovorna za jedan broj od 19 000 dece

dying every day.

koja umiru svakog dana.

Fortunately, more and more people

Na sreću, sve više ljudi

are understanding this idea,

razume ovu ideju,

and the result is a growing movement:

a rezultat je pokret u porastu:

effective altruism.

efektivni altruizam.

It's important because it combines both the heart and the head.

Ovo je veoma bitno jer spaja i srce i glavu.

The heart, of course, you felt.

Srce, naravno, kojim osećamo.

You felt the empathy for that child.

Osećali ste empatiju prema tom detetu.

But it's really important to use the head as well

Ali je veoma bitno da koristimo i glavu

to make sure that what you do is effective and well-directed,

da bismo bili sigurni da ono što radimo jeste efektivno i da ide u dobrom pravcu

and not only that, but also I think reason helps us

i ne samo to nego sam mišljenja da razum pomaže

to understand that other people, wherever they are,

da razumemo da drugi ljudi, gde god da su,

are like us, that they can suffer as we can,

nisu ništa drugačiji od nas, da pate isto koliko i mi

that parents grieve for the deaths of their children,

da roditelji pate kada im dete umre,

as we do,

kao što i mi patimo,

and that just as our lives and our well-being matter to us,

i kao što su naši životi i dobrobit naših života bitni za nas

it matters just as much to all of these people.

jednako su bitni za sve te ljude.

So I think reason is not just some neutral tool

Tako da, razum nije samo neki neutralni alat

to help you get whatever you want.

koji pomaže da dobijemo štagod.

It does help us to put perspective on our situation.

Pomaže nam da stavimo u perspektivu čitavu situaciju.

And I think that's why

Mišljenja sam da je to razlog zašto

many of the most significant people in effective altruism

su mnogi od onih bitnih ljudi sa efektivnim altruizmom

have been people who have had backgrounds

oni koji imaju prethodno znanje

in philosophy or economics or math.

iz filozofije, ekonomije ili matematike.

And that might seem surprising,

To može da bude iznenađujuće

because a lot of people think,

jer mnogo ljudi misli:

"Philosophy is remote from the real world;

"Filozofija je daleko udaljena od realnosti,

economics, we're told, just makes us more selfish,

ekonomija, tako nam je rečeno, nas čini sebičnijima

and we know that math is for nerds."

i svi znamo da je matematika za štrebere."

But in fact it does make a difference,

Ali to zaista pravi veliku razliku,

and in fact there's one particular nerd

zapravo postoji jedan određeni štreber

who has been a particularly effective altruist

koji je bio posebno efektivan altruista

because he got this.

jer ima ovo.

This is the website of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation,

Ovo je veb-sajt fondacije Bila i Melinde Gejts

and if you look at the words on the top right-hand side,

i ako pogledate reči u gornjem desnom uglu,

it says, "All lives have equal value."

piše: "Svi životi imaju jednaku vrednost".

That's the understanding,

To je razumevanje,

the rational understanding of our situation in the world

racionalno razumevanje situacije u svetu

that has led to these people

koja je dovela do toga

being the most effective altruists in history,

da ovi ljudi budu najefektivniji altruisti u istoriji,

Bill and Melinda Gates and Warren Buffett.

Bil i Melinda Gejts i Voren Bafet.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

No one, not Andrew Carnegie, not John D. Rockefeller,

Niko, čak ni Endru Karnegi, ni Džon D. Rokfeler

has ever given as much to charity

nikada nije dao toliko dobrotvornih priloga

as each one of these three,

kao što je to uradilo svako od ovo troje ljudi.

and they have used their intelligence

Oni koriste svoju inteligenciju

to make sure that it is highly effective.

da bi bili sigurni da su prilozi dobro upotrebljeni.

According to one estimate, the Gates Foundation

Prema jednoj proceni, Fondacija Gejts

has already saved 5.8 million lives

je već spasila 5,8 miliona života

and many millions more, people, getting diseases

i još milione koji obolevaju

that would have made them very sick,

i koji bi postali veoma bolesni

even if eventually they survived.

iako bi na kraju preživeli.

Over the coming years, undoubtably the Gates Foundation

Narednih godina, nesumnjivo je da će Gejts fondacija

is going to give a lot more,

dati još više,

is going to save a lot more lives.

da će spasiti još više života.

Well, you might say, that's fine if you're a billionaire,

Reći ćete da je to u redu ukoliko je neko milijarder,

you can have that kind of impact.

tada je moguće ostaviti neki trag.

But if I'm not, what can I do?

Ali ako nisam, šta ja mogu da uradim?

So I'm going to look at four questions that people ask

Sada ću da pređem kroz četiri pitanja koje postavljaju ljudi,

that maybe stand in the way of them giving.

a koja stoje na putu davanja priloga.

They worry how much of a difference they can make.

Ljudi brinu koliku tačno razliku mogu da naprave.

But you don't have to be a billionaire.

Ali, ne morate da budete milijarder.

This is Toby Ord. He's a research fellow in philosophy

Ovo je Tobi Ord. On je filozofski istraživač

at the University of Oxford.

na Univerzitetu u Oksfordu.

He became an effective altruist when he calculated

On je postao efektivni altruista kada je sračunao

that with the money that he was likely to earn

da novcem koji će verovatno zaraditi

throughout his career, an academic career,

tokom svoje kraijere, akademske karijere,

he could give enough to cure 80,000 people of blindness

može da da dovoljno da se izleči 80 000 ljudi od slepila

in developing countries

u zemljama u razvoju

and still have enough left

i da mu ostane dovoljno

for a perfectly adequate standard of living.

za sasvim adekvatan standard življenja.

So Toby founded an organization

Tako je Tobi pokrenuo organizaciju

called Giving What We Can to spread this information,

zvanu "Dajemo koliko možemo" da bi proširio ovu vest

to unite people who want to share some of their income,

da bi ujedinio ljude koji žele da dele deo svog novca

and to ask people to pledge to give 10 percent

i da zamoli ljude da se zavetuju da će dati 10 procenata

of what they earn over their lifetime

od onoga što će zaraditi tokom čitavog života

to fighting global poverty.

za borbu protiv globalnog siromaštva.

Toby himself does better than that.

Tobi čak čini i više od toga.

He's pledged to live on 18,000 pounds a year --

Zavetovao se da će živeti od 18 000 funti godišnje,

that's less than 30,000 dollars --

to je manje od 30 000 dolara,

and to give the rest to those organizations.

i da će ostatak dati tim organizacijama.

And yes, Toby is married and he does have a mortgage.

Tobi je oženjen i ima hipoteku.

This is a couple at a later stage of life,

Ovo je par u poznim godinama,

Charlie Bresler and Diana Schott,

Čarli Bresler i Dijana Šat,

who, when they were young, when they met,

koji su, kada su se upoznali kao mladi,

were activists against the Vietnam War,

bili aktivisti protiv rata u Vijetnamu

fought for social justice,

koji su se borili za socijalnu pravdu,

and then moved into careers, as most people do,

koji su posle započeli karijere, kao i većina ljudi,

didn't really do anything very active about those values,

i nisu posle uradili mnogo po pitanju tih vrednosti,

although they didn't abandon them.

iako ih nisu u potpunosti ni napustili.

And then, as they got to the age at which many people

Potom, kada su ušli u godine kada mnogo ljudi

start to think of retirement, they returned to them,

počinje da razmišlja o penziji, oni su se vratili tim vrednostima

and they've decided to cut back on their spending,

i odlučili su da smanje troškove

to live modestly, and to give both money and time

da žive umerenije, da prilože i vreme i novac

to helping to fight global poverty.

da bi se borili protiv globalnog siromaštva.

Now, mentioning time might lead you to think,

Kada sam pomenuo vreme, pomislićete:

"Well, should I abandon my career and put all of my time

"Da li treba da napustim svoju karijeru i posvetim svoje vreme

into saving some of these 19,000 lives

spašavanju 19 000 života

that are lost every day?"

koji se gube nepovratno svaki dan?"

One person who's thought quite a bit about this issue

Jedna osoba koja je provela mnogo vremena razmišljajući o ovome

of how you can have a career that will have

kako imati karijeru koja će

the biggest impact for good in the world is Will Crouch.

imati najveći uticaj na svet je Vil Krauč.

He's a graduate student in philosophy,

On je student završne godine filozofije,

and he's set up a website called 80,000 Hours,

on je postavio internet stranicu zvanu "80 000 sati",

the number of hours he estimates

broj sati koji oni predviđa

most people spend on their career,

da najveći broj ljudi troši na svoju karijeru,

to advise people on how to have the best,

da bi ih savetovao kako da imaju najbolje,

most effective career.

najefektivnije karijere.

But you might be surprised to know

Bićete iznenađeni da čujete da

that one of the careers that he encourages people to consider,

karijera koju on najčešće predlaže ljudima,

if they have the right abilities and character,

ukoliko imaju odgovarajuće sposobnosi i afinitete,

is to go into banking or finance.

jeste da budu bankari ili finansijeri.

Why? Because if you earn a lot of money,

Zašto? Jer ako zaradite mnogo novca

you can give away a lot of money,

možete da date mnogo novca

and if you're successful in that career,

i ako ste uspešni u toj karijeri,

you could give enough to an aid organization

možete dati dovoljno da pomognete organizaciji

so that it could employ, let's say, five aid workers

koja može da zaposli, recimo, 5 humanitarnih radnika

in developing countries, and each one of them

u zemljama u razvoju i svaki od njih

would probably do about as much good

će činiti jednako dobro

as you would have done.

koliko biste i vi sami uradili.

So you can quintuple the impact

Tako bi se upetostručio efekat

by leading that kind of career.

kada bismo imali takve karijere.

Here's one young man who's taken this advice.

Evo jednog mladića koji je poslušao njegov savet.

His name is Matt Weiger.

Njegovo ime je Met Vajger.

He was a student at Princeton in philosophy and math,

On je bio student filozofije i matematike na Prinstonu,

actually won the prize for the best undergraduate philosophy thesis

koji je dobio nagradu za najbolju studentsku filozofsku disertaciju

last year when he graduated.

prošle godine kada je diplomirao.

But he's gone into finance in New York.

Ali sada je prešao u finansije u Njujork.

He's already earning enough

On već zarađuje dovoljno

so that he's giving a six-figure sum to effective charities

tako da može da priloži šestocifrenu sumu novca dobrotvornim organizacijama

and still leaving himself with enough to live on.

i da mu ostane dovoljno da živi.

Matt has also helped me to set up an organization

Met je takođe pomogao meni da pokrenemo organizaciju

that I'm working with that has the name taken

sa kojom ja radim, a koja nosi ime

from the title of a book I wrote,

knjige koju sam napisao

"The Life You Can Save,"

"Život koji možete da sačuvate",

which is trying to change our culture

koja pokušava da promeni našu kulturu

so that more people think that

tako da više ljudi počne da misli

if we're going to live an ethical life,

da ako želimo da živimo etičkim životom,

it's not enough just to follow the thou-shalt-nots

nije dovoljno da pratimo božije zapovesti

and not cheat, steal, maim, kill,

da ne varamo, krademo, sakatimo ili ubijamo

but that if we have enough, we have to share some of that

nego da ukoliko imamo dovoljno, da podelimo nešto od toga

with people who have so little.

sa ljudima koji nemaju gotovo ništa.

And the organization draws together people

Organizacija spaja ljude

of different generations,

različitih uzrasta

like Holly Morgan, who's an undergraduate,

kao što je Holi Morgan, koja je student,

who's pledged to give 10 percent

koja se zavetovala da će dati 10 procenata

of the little amount that she has,

od male sume koju ima,

and on the right, Ada Wan,

i ovde sa desne strane, Ejda Van,

who has worked directly for the poor, but has now

ona je radila sa siromašnima

gone to Yale to do an MBA to have more to give.

i sada je diplomirala na Jejlu da bi imala još više da da.

Many people will think, though,

Mnogi će misliti,

that charities aren't really all that effective.

da dobrotvorni prilozi nisu nešto efektivni.

So let's talk about effectiveness.

Dakle, pričajmo o efektivnosti.

Toby Ord is very concerned about this,

Tobi Ord je zainteresovan za ovo

and he's calculated that some charities

i izračunao je da su neke dobrotvorne organizacije

are hundreds or even thousands of times

stotine ili čak hiljade puta

more effective than others,

efektivnije nego druge,

so it's very important to find the effective ones.

tako da je veoma bitno pronaći one efektivne.

Take, for example, providing a guide dog for a blind person.

Na primer, omogućiti slepima pse vodiče.

That's a good thing to do, right?

To je plemenita stvar, zar ne?

Well, right, it is a good thing to do,

Naravno, to je plemenito,

but you have to think what else you could do with the resources.

ali moramo da razmislimo šta još možemo da uradimo sa novcem kojim raspolažemo.

It costs about 40,000 dollars to train a guide dog

Trenirati jednog psa košta 40 000 dolara

and train the recipient so that the guide dog

takođe podučiti slepu osobu tako da pas

can be an effective help to a blind person.

bude efektivan za slepu osobu.

It costs somewhere between 20 and 50 dollars

Troškovi su između 20 i 50 dolara

to cure a blind person in a developing country

da se izleći slepa osoba u zemljama u razvoju

if they have trachoma.

ako imaju trahomu.

So you do the sums, and you get something like that.

Dakle, izračunate i dobijete cifru.

You could provide one guide dog

Možemo da obezbedimo jednog psa vodiča

for one blind American,

za jednu osobu u Americi

or you could cure between 400

ili možemo da izlečimo 400

and 2,000 people of blindness.

do 2 000 ljudi od slepila.

I think it's clear what's the better thing to do.

Mislim da je sasvim jasno šta je bolje da se uradi.

But if you want to look for effective charities,

Ako tražite efektivno dobrotvorno društvo,

this is a good website to go to.

ovo je dobra internet stranica.

GiveWell exists to really assess the impact of charities,

"GiveWell" je organizacija koja procenjuje dobrotvorne organizacije

not just whether they're well-run,

ne samo da li su legitimne,

and it's screened hundreds of charities

oni su već procenili stotine organizacija,

and currently is recommending only three,

i trenutno preporučuju samo tri

of which the Against Malaria Foundation is number one.

od kojih je jedna Fondacija Protiv Malarije, koja je broj jedan.

So it's very tough. If you want to look for other recommendations,

Dakle, veoma je teško. Ako tražite druge preporuke,

thelifeyoucansave.com and Giving What We Can

thelifeyoucansave.com i "Dajemo koliko možemo"

both have a somewhat broader list,

obe imaju šire liste

but you can find effective organizations,

ali možete pronaći efektivne organizacije

and not just in the area of saving lives from the poor.

ne samo u okviru spašavanja života siromašnih.

I'm pleased to say that there is now also a website

Drago mi je da mogu da kažem da postoji internet stranica

looking at effective animal organizations.

koja se bavi efektivnim organizacijama za dobrobiti životinja.

That's another cause that I've been concerned about

Zabrinut sam zbog još jedne stvari

all my life, the immense amount of suffering

celog svog života, a to je ogromna količina patnje

that humans inflict

koju ljudi uzrokuju

on literally tens of billions of animals every year.

gotovo desetinama milijardi životinja godišnje.

So if you want to look for effective organizations

Ako tražite efektivnu organizaciju

to reduce that suffering,

koja će pomoći smanjenju patnje,

you can go to Effective Animal Activism.

možete posetiti Efektivni Aktivizam za Životinje.

And some effective altruists think it's very important

Neki efektivni altruisti smatraju da je bitno

to make sure that our species survives at all.

obezbediti opstanak naše vrste.

So they're looking at ways to reduce the risk of extinction.

Oni istražuju načine koji će smanjiti rizik od izumiranja.

Here's one risk of extinction that we all became aware of

Jedan od rizika za izumiranje kojeg smo svi postali svesni

recently, when an asteroid passed close to our planet.

je kada je asteroid proleteo veoma blizu naše planete.

Possibly research could help us not only to predict

Istraživanja će nam pomoći da predvidimo

the path of asteroids that might collide with us,

putanje asteroida koji bi mogli da se sudare sa nama,

but actually to deflect them.

sa mogućnošću da im skrenemo putanju.

So some people think that would be a good thing to give to.

Neki ljudi smatraju da bi bilo dobro uložiti u to.

There's many possibilities.

Mogućnosti su mnogobrojne.

My final question is,

Moje poslednje pitanje je,

some people will think it's a burden to give.

neki ljudi smatraju da je davanje teret.

I don't really believe it is.

Ja zaista ne verujem u to.

I've enjoyed giving all of my life

Uživao sam dajući celog svog života,

since I was a graduate student.

od kada sam bio student.

It's been something fulfilling to me.

To me je ispunjavalo.

Charlie Bresler said to me that he's not an altruist.

Čarli Bresler mi je rekao da on nije altruista.

He thinks that the life he's saving is his own.

On smatra da život koji spasava je njegov lični život.

And Holly Morgan told me that she used to battle depression

Holi Morgan mi je rekla da se borila sa depresijom

until she got involved with effective altruism,

sve dok nije postala deo efektivnog altruizma

and now is one of the happiest people she knows.

i sada je jedna od najsretnijih ljudi koje poznaje.

I think one of the reasons for this

Mislim da je jedan od razloga za to

is that being an effective altruist helps to overcome

da efektivni altruizam pomaže prevazilaženju

what I call the Sisyphus problem.

Sizifovog sindroma.

Here's Sisyphus as portrayed by Titian,

Evo ga Sizif kako ga je opisao Ticijan,

condemned by the gods to push a huge boulder

osuđen od strane bogova da gura veliki kamen

up to the top of the hill.

do vrha brda.

Just as he gets there, the effort becomes too much,

Tek što stigne na vrh, uložen napor postaje previše za njega,

the boulder escapes, rolls all the way down the hill,

kamen sklizne i otkotrlja se nizbrdo

he has to trudge back down to push it up again,

i on opet mora da ga gura do vrha

and the same thing happens again and again

i ista stvar se dešava iznova i iznova

for all eternity.

zauvek.

Does that remind you of a consumer lifestyle,

Zar vas to ne podseća na konzumentski način života,

where you work hard to get money,

gde radite naporno da zaradite novac

you spend that money on consumer goods

koji trošite na konzumentska dobra

which you hope you'll enjoy using?

za koja se nadate da ćete uživati koristeći ih?

But then the money's gone, you have to work hard

Novac se potroši i morate da radite naporno

to get more, spend more, and to maintain

da zaradite još, trošite, da biste održali

the same level of happiness, it's kind of a hedonic treadmill.

isti nivo sreće, to je kao hedonistička traka za trčanje.

You never get off, and you never really feel satisfied.

Nikada ne silazite sa nje i nikada niste zaista zadovoljni.

Becoming an effective altruist gives you

Postajući efektivnim altruistom omogućavate sebi

that meaning and fulfillment.

osećaj zadovoljstva i upotpunjenja.

It enables you to have a solid basis for self-esteem

To vam omogućava dobre osnove za samopoštovanje

on which you can feel your life was really worth living.

koje vam daje osećaj života vrednog življenja.

I'm going to conclude by telling you

Za kraj ću vam ispričati

about an email that I received

o jednom imejlu koji sam dobio

while I was writing this talk just a month or so ago.

dok sam pisao ovaj govor pre mesec dana.

It's from a man named Chris Croy, who I'd never heard of.

Pismo sam dobio od momka za kojeg nikada nisam čuo - Krisa Kroja.

This is a picture of him showing him recovering from surgery.

Ovo je slika njega kako se oporavlja od operacije.

Why was he recovering from surgery?

Zašto se oporavljao od operacije?

The email began, "Last Tuesday,

Pismo počinje: "Prošlog utorka,

I anonymously donated my right kidney to a stranger.

anonimno sam donirao svoj desni bubreg potpunom strancu.

That started a kidney chain

Tako je započeo "bubrežji lanac"

which enabled four people to receive kidneys."

koji je omogućio četvoro ljudi da dobiju bubrege."

There's about 100 people each year in the U.S.

Oko stotinjak ljudi u SAD uradi ovo svake godine

and more in other countries who do that.

i mnogo više u drugim državama.

I was pleased to read it. Chris went on to say

Bio sam zaista zadovoljan čitajući. Kris je nastavio

that he'd been influenced by my writings in what he did.

govoreći da je inspiraciju dobio čitajući moje knjige.

Well, I have to admit, I'm also somewhat embarrassed by that,

Moram da priznam da sam pomalo i postiđen zbog toga

because I still have two kidneys.

jer ja još uvek imam oba bubrega.

But Chris went on to say that he didn't think

Ali Kris je rekao da smatra

that what he'd done was all that amazing,

da to što je uradio i nije nešto specijalno,

because he calculated that the number of life-years

jer je izračunao da godine života

that he had added to people, the extension of life,

koje je podario, produžetak života,

was about the same that you could achieve

je jednak onom koji bismo postigli

if you gave 5,000 dollars to the Against Malaria Foundation.

ukoliko bismo dali 5000 dolara za Fondaciju protiv Malarije.

And that did make me feel a little bit better,

A to me je zaista obradovalo,

because I have given more than 5,000 dollars

jer ja sam dao više od 5000 dolara

to the Against Malaria Foundation

toj istoj Fondaciji

and to various other effective charities.

i drugim efektivnim dobrotvornim organizacijama.

So if you're feeling bad

Dakle, ako se loše osećate

because you still have two kidneys as well,

jer još uvek imate dva bubrega,

there's a way for you to get off the hook.

postoji način da to promenite.

Thank you.

Hvala.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)