Peter Singer: The why and how of effective altruism

674,851 views ใƒป 2013-05-20

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast
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๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Seung Hyun Kim ๊ฒ€ํ† : ๋ฐฐ ํ˜„์ค€
00:12
There's something that I'd like you to see.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ๋ณด์—ฌ ๋“œ๋ฆด ๊ฒŒ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:16
(Video) Reporter: It's a story that's deeply unsettled
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(์˜์ƒ) ๋ฆฌํฌํ„ฐ: ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ์ค‘๊ตญ์ธ์„ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์— ๋น ๋œจ๋ฆฐ
00:18
millions in China:
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์†Œ์‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:21
footage of a two-year-old girl
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๋ฐด์— ์น˜์—ฌ ํ”ผํ˜๋ฆฌ๋Š”
00:22
hit by a van and left bleeding in the street by passersby,
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๋‘ ์‚ด ๋ฐฐ๊ธฐ ์—ฌ์ž ์•„์ด๋ฅผ ํ–‰์ธ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์ง€๋‚˜์น˜๋Š” ์˜์ƒ์ธ๋ฐ
00:27
footage too graphic to be shown.
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๋ฐฉ์†ก์—๋Š” ๋ถ€์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์˜์ƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:30
The entire accident is caught on camera.
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์‚ฌ๊ณ  ๊ฒฝ์œ„๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ์— ์žกํ˜”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:33
The driver pauses after hitting the child,
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์šด์ „์ž๋Š” ์•„์ด๋ฅผ ์น˜๊ณ  ์ž ์‹œ ๋ฉˆ์ถ”๋Š”๋ฐ
00:36
his back wheels seen resting on her for over a second.
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์•„์ด๊ฐ€ 1์ดˆ ์ด์ƒ ์ฐจ ๋’ท๋ฐ”ํ€ด์— ๊น”๋ ค ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:40
Within two minutes, three people pass two-year-old Wang Yue by.
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2๋ถ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์„ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋‘ ์‚ด๋ฐฐ๊ธฐ ์™•์›จ๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‚˜์ณ ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:44
The first walks around the badly injured toddler completely.
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์ฒ˜์Œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์‹ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค์นœ ์•„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๋Œ์•„์„œ ์ง€๋‚˜๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:47
Others look at her before moving off.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ด๋“ค๋„ ์•„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ณ๋‹ค๋ณด๊ณ ๋Š” ์—ญ์‹œ ์ง€๋‚˜์ณ ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:53
Peter Singer: There were other people
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ํ”ผํ„ฐ ์‹ฑ์–ด: ์™•์›จ ์˜†์„ ์ง€๋‚˜๊ฐ„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
00:54
who walked past Wang Yue,
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๋” ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ ,
00:57
and a second van ran over her legs
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์ด์–ด ๋‘๋ฒˆ์งธ ํŠธ๋Ÿญ์ด ์•„์ด์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐŸ๊ณ  ์ง€๋‚˜๊ฐ€๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ์•ผ
00:58
before a street cleaner raised the alarm.
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๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์•Œ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:02
She was rushed to hospital, but it was too late. She died.
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์•„์ด๋Š” ๊ธ‰ํžˆ ๋ณ‘์›์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ์กŒ์ง€๋งŒ ๋๋‚ด ์ˆจ์ง€๊ณ  ๋ง์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:07
I wonder how many of you, looking at that,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ์ค‘ ๋ช‡ ๋ถ„์ด๋‚˜ ์ด ์˜์ƒ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ 
01:11
said to yourselves just now, "I would not have done that.
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"๋‚˜๋ผ๋ฉด ์ €๋Ÿฌ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์„ ๊ฑฐ์•ผ, ๋‚˜๋ผ๋ฉด ๋ฉˆ์ถฐ์„œ
01:14
I would have stopped to help."
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๋„์™€ ์คฌ์„ ๊ฑฐ์•ผ" ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์…จ์„๊นŒ์š”?
01:16
Raise your hands if that thought occurred to you.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํ•˜์…จ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์†์„ ๋“ค์–ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
01:20
As I thought, that's most of you.
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์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ ๋Œ€๋กœ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ชจ๋‘๋กœ๊ตฐ์š”.
01:23
And I believe you. I'm sure you're right.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฏฟ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ๊ทธ๋žฌ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:25
But before you give yourself too much credit,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ž์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ํ›„ํ•œ ์ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์ „์—
01:28
look at this.
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์ด๊ฑธ ๋ณด์‹œ์ฃ .
01:30
UNICEF reports that in 2011,
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์œ ๋‹ˆ์„ธํ”„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด 2011๋…„ ํ•œ ํ•ด ๋™์•ˆ
01:34
6.9 million children under five
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690๋งŒ๋ช…์˜ 5์„ธ ์ดํ•˜ ์•„๋™๋“ค์ด
01:38
died from preventable, poverty-related diseases.
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๋นˆ๊ณค์œผ๋กœ ์œ ๋ฐœ๋˜๋Š” ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋ณ‘์œผ๋กœ ์ฃฝ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:44
UNICEF thinks that that's good news
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์œ ๋‹ˆ์„ธํ”„์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์งํ•œ ์†Œ์‹์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์š”.
01:46
because the figure has been steadily coming down
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1990๋…„์— 1,200๋งŒ๋ช…์ด ์ฃฝ์€ ๊ฒƒ์— ๋น„ํ•˜๋ฉด
01:49
from 12 million in 1990. That is good.
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์ฐจ์ฐจ ์ˆ˜์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋–จ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”. ์ข‹์€ ์†Œ์‹์ด์ฃ .
01:53
But still, 6.9 million
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ 690๋งŒ๋ช…์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑด
01:56
is 19,000 children dying every day.
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๋งค์ผ 19,000๋ช…์˜ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด๊ฐ€ ์ฃฝ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์–˜๊น๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:02
Does it really matter
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๊ธธ์—์„œ ์ง€๋‚˜์น˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๊ณ 
02:04
that we're not walking past them in the street?
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์ƒ๊ด€ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
02:07
Does it really matter that they're far away?
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๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ ๊นŒ์š”?
02:13
I don't think it does make a morally relevant difference.
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์ €๋Š” ๋„๋•์ ์ธ ๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅผ ๊ฒŒ ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:16
The fact that they're not right in front of us,
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์ด ์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ๋‹น์žฅ ๋ˆˆ์•ž์— ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
02:18
the fact, of course, that they're of a different nationality
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๊ตญ์ ์ด๋‚˜ ์ธ์ข…์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅด๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ๋„
02:21
or race, none of that seems morally relevant to me.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ดค์„ ๋•Œ ๋„๋•์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€๊ณ„์—†๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:24
What is really important is,
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์ •๋ง๋กœ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€
02:26
can we reduce that death toll? Can we save
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์‚ฌ๋ง์ž ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€, ๋งค์ผ ์ฃฝ์–ด ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋Š”
02:30
some of those 19,000 children dying every day?
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19,000๋ช…์˜ ์•„์ด๋“ค ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ผ๋„ ์‚ด๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š๋ƒ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:35
And the answer is, yes we can.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ต์€ "๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค" ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:39
Each of us spends money
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
02:41
on things that we do not really need.
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ํ•ญ์ƒ ๊ผญ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ณณ์—๋งŒ ๋ˆ์„ ์“ฐ์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:44
You can think what your own habit is,
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์ž์‹ ์€ ์–ด๋–ค ์Šต๊ด€์ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
02:46
whether it's a new car, a vacation
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์ƒˆ ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํœด๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ 
02:48
or just something like buying bottled water
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๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์ƒ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ ๋งˆ์‹œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์žˆ๊ฒ ๋„ค์š”.
02:51
when the water that comes out of the tap
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๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์ˆ˜๋—๋ฌผ์„ ๋งˆ์…”๋„ ์ „ํ˜€
02:53
is perfectly safe to drink.
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๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š”๋ฐ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
02:55
You could take the money you're spending
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๊ผญ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ง€์ถœ์„
02:57
on those unnecessary things
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ํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹ 
02:59
and give it to this organization,
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์ด ๋‹จ์ฒด์— ๊ธฐ๋ถ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:01
the Against Malaria Foundation,
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'์–ด๊ฒ์ŠคํŠธ ๋ง๋ผ๋ฆฌ์•„ ์žฌ๋‹จ(Against Malaria Foundation)' ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ณณ์ธ๋ฐ
03:04
which would take the money you had given
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๊ธฐ๋ถ€ํ•œ ์„ฑ๊ธˆ์„ ๋ชจ์•„
03:07
and use it to buy nets like this one
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ชจ๊ธฐ์žฅ์„ ๊ตฌ๋งคํ•˜์—ฌ
03:10
to protect children like this one,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์•„์ด๋“ค์„ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:14
and we know reliably that if we provide nets,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ๊ธฐ์žฅ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋ฉด
03:18
they're used, and they reduce the number of children
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ๋ง๋ผ๋ฆฌ์•„๋กœ ์ฃฝ๋Š” ์•„์ด๋“ค์ด
03:22
dying from malaria,
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์ค„์–ด๋“ ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:24
just one of the many preventable diseases
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๋ง๋ผ๋ฆฌ์•„๋Š” 19,000๋ช…์˜ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด๋“ค์„
03:27
that are responsible for some of those 19,000 children
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๋งค์ผ ์ฃฝ์Œ์— ์ด๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋ณ‘๋“ค ์ค‘
03:31
dying every day.
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ํ•˜๋‚˜์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:35
Fortunately, more and more people
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๋‹คํ–‰ํžˆ๋„ ์ ์  ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
03:37
are understanding this idea,
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์ด ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ,
03:39
and the result is a growing movement:
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ํ™•์‚ฐ๋˜์–ด ๊ฐ€๋Š” ํ•œ ์šด๋™์œผ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:43
effective altruism.
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"ํšจ์œจ์  ์ดํƒ€์ฃผ์˜" ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:45
It's important because it combines both the heart and the head.
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์ด ์šด๋™์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์Šด๊ณผ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘์—์„œ ๋น„๋กฏ๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:50
The heart, of course, you felt.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋งˆ์Œ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ๋Š๋ผ์…จ์ง€์š”.
03:51
You felt the empathy for that child.
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์ € ์•„์ด์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ์ •์ด์ž…์„ ํ•˜์…จ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
03:54
But it's really important to use the head as well
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์ •๋ง ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:58
to make sure that what you do is effective and well-directed,
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ํšจ๊ณผ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋„์›€์„ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ,
04:03
and not only that, but also I think reason helps us
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์ด์„ฑ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ด๋“ค์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฉด
04:08
to understand that other people, wherever they are,
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์–ด๋””์˜ ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ๋“ ์ง€๊ฐ„์—
04:11
are like us, that they can suffer as we can,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์ด ๊ณ ํ†ต์Šค๋Ÿฌ์›Œํ•  ์ค„ ์•ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:15
that parents grieve for the deaths of their children,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์•„์ด๊ฐ€ ์ฃฝ์œผ๋ฉด
04:18
as we do,
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๋น„ํƒ„์— ๋น ์ง€๋ฉฐ
04:19
and that just as our lives and our well-being matter to us,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ถ๊ณผ ํ–‰๋ณต์„ ์ค‘์š”์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ๋งŒํผ
04:24
it matters just as much to all of these people.
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋„ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:27
So I think reason is not just some neutral tool
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ด์„ฑ์ด๋ž€ ๊ทธ์ € ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด ์ฃผ๋Š”
04:30
to help you get whatever you want.
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์ค‘๋ฆฝ์ ์ธ ๋„๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๊ทธ์น˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:31
It does help us to put perspective on our situation.
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์ด์„ฑ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ท ํ˜• ์žกํžŒ ๋ˆˆ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋„๋ก ๋„์™€ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:36
And I think that's why
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ํšจ์œจ์  ์ดํƒ€์ฃผ์˜์— ์žˆ์–ด
04:38
many of the most significant people in effective altruism
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‘๋“œ๋Ÿฌ์ง€๋Š” ์ธ๋ฌผ๋“ค์ด ๋ชธ๋‹ด์•˜๋˜ ๋ถ„์•ผ๊ฐ€
04:43
have been people who have had backgrounds
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์ฒ ํ•™์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™, ํ˜น์€ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์ธ
04:45
in philosophy or economics or math.
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์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:50
And that might seem surprising,
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์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ์ƒ๊ฐ ์™ธ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
04:52
because a lot of people think,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ํ”ํžˆ
04:53
"Philosophy is remote from the real world;
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์ฒ ํ•™์€ ํ˜„์‹ค ์„ธ๊ณ„์™€ ๋™๋–จ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
04:57
economics, we're told, just makes us more selfish,
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๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์ด๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค ๋ฟ์ด๋ฉฐ
05:01
and we know that math is for nerds."
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์ˆ˜ํ•™์€ ๊ณต๋ถ€๋ฒŒ๋ ˆ๋‚˜ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
05:04
But in fact it does make a difference,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ •๋ง๋กœ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:07
and in fact there's one particular nerd
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ด ์ ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
05:09
who has been a particularly effective altruist
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๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ์šด๋™์„ ํŽผ์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”
05:13
because he got this.
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์ดํƒ€์ฃผ์˜์  ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ์ฒœ์žฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์ง€์š”.
05:15
This is the website of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋นŒ & ๋ฉœ๋ฆฐ๋‹ค ๊ฒŒ์ด์ธ  ์žฌ๋‹จ ํ™ˆํŽ˜์ด์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:18
and if you look at the words on the top right-hand side,
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์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ ์œ„ ์ฝ”๋„ˆ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด
05:22
it says, "All lives have equal value."
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"๋ชจ๋“  ์ƒ๋ช…์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋Š” ๋™๋“ฑํ•˜๋‹ค" ๋ผ๊ณ  ์“ฐ์—ฌ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:26
That's the understanding,
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:28
the rational understanding of our situation in the world
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์„ธ์ƒ์˜ ํ˜„ ์ƒํƒœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ์ดํ•ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ธฐ์—
05:31
that has led to these people
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์ด๋“ค์ด ์—ญ์‚ฌ์ƒ ๊ฐ€์žฅ
05:34
being the most effective altruists in history,
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ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ์ดํƒ€์ฃผ์˜์ž๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:38
Bill and Melinda Gates and Warren Buffett.
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๋นŒ ๊ฒŒ์ด์ธ  ๋ถ€๋ถ€์™€ ์›Œ๋Ÿฐ ๋ฒ„ํ• ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:41
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
05:47
No one, not Andrew Carnegie, not John D. Rockefeller,
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์•ค๋“œ๋ฅ˜ ์นด๋„ค๊ธฐ๋‚˜ ์กด D. ๋กํŽ ๋Ÿฌ ๋“ฑ
05:51
has ever given as much to charity
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๊ทธ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋„ ์ด ์„ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ๊ฐ๊ฐ๋งŒํผ์˜ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ธˆ์•ก์„
05:54
as each one of these three,
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์ž์„  ํ™œ๋™์— ๊ธฐ๋ถ€ํ•œ ์ ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:57
and they have used their intelligence
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๋˜ํ•œ ์ด๋“ค์€ ๊ธฐ๊ธˆ์„ ์ง€๋Šฅ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
06:00
to make sure that it is highly effective.
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๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ๋งค์šฐ ํšจ๊ณผ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ์“ฐ์ด๋„๋ก ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:04
According to one estimate, the Gates Foundation
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ํ•œ ์ถ”์ •์น˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด, ๊ฒŒ์ด์ธ  ์žฌ๋‹จ์€ ์ด๋ฏธ
06:07
has already saved 5.8 million lives
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580๋งŒ๋ช…์˜ ๋ชฉ์ˆจ์„ ๊ตฌํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
06:11
and many millions more, people, getting diseases
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์„ค์‚ฌ ๋ชฉ์ˆจ์„ ๊ฑด์กŒ๋”๋ผ๋„
06:14
that would have made them very sick,
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์‹ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณ‘์„ ์•“์•˜์„ ๋ป” ํ•œ
06:16
even if eventually they survived.
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์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋ช…์„ ๋” ๊ตฌํ•ด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:19
Over the coming years, undoubtably the Gates Foundation
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๊ฒŒ์ด์ธ  ์žฌ๋‹จ์€ ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ๋ช‡ ๋…„์— ๊ฑธ์ณ
06:22
is going to give a lot more,
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ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ธˆ์•ก์„ ๊ธฐ๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ณ 
06:24
is going to save a lot more lives.
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๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ๋งŽ์€ ์ƒ๋ช…์„ ์‚ด๋ฆด ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:28
Well, you might say, that's fine if you're a billionaire,
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋นŒ ๊ฒŒ์ด์ธ ๋Š” ์–ต๋งŒ์žฅ์ž๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ๊ทธ ์ •๋„์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„
06:32
you can have that kind of impact.
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๋ฏธ์น  ํž˜์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
06:35
But if I'm not, what can I do?
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๊ฐ‘๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ญ˜ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€? ํ•˜๊ณ ์š”.
06:38
So I'm going to look at four questions that people ask
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ „ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ธฐ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๋ง์„ค์ด๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š”
06:41
that maybe stand in the way of them giving.
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๋„ค ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ์–ด ๋ณผ๊นŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:45
They worry how much of a difference they can make.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ถ€๋กœ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ๋ฐ”๋€”์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํšŒ์˜์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:47
But you don't have to be a billionaire.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ผญ ์–ต๋งŒ์žฅ์ž์ผ ํ•„์š”๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:50
This is Toby Ord. He's a research fellow in philosophy
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์ด์ชฝ์€ ํ† ๋น„ ์˜ค๋“œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:54
at the University of Oxford.
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์˜ฅ์Šคํฌ๋“œ๋Œ€ ์ฒ ํ•™๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›์ด์ฃ .
06:56
He became an effective altruist when he calculated
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์˜ค๋“œ๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์ด ํ‰์ƒ ํ•™์ž๋กœ ์ผํ•˜๋ฉฐ
06:59
that with the money that he was likely to earn
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๋ฒŒ์–ด๋“ค์ผ ์ˆ˜์ž…์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ
07:02
throughout his career, an academic career,
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๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋„์ƒ๊ตญ์—์„œ
07:04
he could give enough to cure 80,000 people of blindness
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8๋งŒ ๋ช…์˜ ์‹ค๋ช… ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ์น˜๋ฃŒํ•˜๊ณ ๋„
07:11
in developing countries
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์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์ƒํ™œ ์ˆ˜์ค€์„
07:13
and still have enough left
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์œ ์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๊นจ๋‹ซ๊ณ ๋Š”
07:15
for a perfectly adequate standard of living.
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ํšจ์œจ์  ์ดํƒ€์ฃผ์˜์ž๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:20
So Toby founded an organization
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋Š” ํ•œ ๋‹จ์ฒด๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ฆฝํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:22
called Giving What We Can to spread this information,
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'ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋งŒํผ ๊ธฐ๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ(Giving What We Can)' ๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ฒด๋กœ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋„๋ฆฌ ํผ๋œจ๋ ค
07:26
to unite people who want to share some of their income,
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์ˆ˜์ž…์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ํ•œ ๋ฐ ๋ชจ์œผ๊ณ 
07:30
and to ask people to pledge to give 10 percent
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์ด๋“ค์ด ํ‰์ƒ ๋ฒŒ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๋ˆ์˜ 10%๋ฅผ
07:33
of what they earn over their lifetime
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์ „์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋นˆ๊ณค ํ‡ด์น˜์— ๊ธฐ๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค๋Š”
07:35
to fighting global poverty.
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์•ฝ์ •ํ•ด๋‹ฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€ํƒํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์ฃ .
07:38
Toby himself does better than that.
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ํ† ๋น„ ์˜ค๋“œ๋Š” ์ด๋ณด๋‹ค ํ•œ ๋ฐœ ๋” ๋‚˜๊ฐ€์„œ
07:40
He's pledged to live on 18,000 pounds a year --
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1๋…„์— 18,000 ํŒŒ์šด๋“œ ์ดํ•˜๋กœ ์‚ด๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:45
that's less than 30,000 dollars --
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30,000 ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ์•ˆ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ธˆ์•ก์ด์ฃ .
07:48
and to give the rest to those organizations.
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๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ์ˆ˜์ž…์€ ์ž์„  ๋‹จ์ฒด์— ๊ธฐ๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:51
And yes, Toby is married and he does have a mortgage.
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์•„, ์˜ค๋“œ๋Š” ๊ธฐํ˜ผ์ด๋ฉฐ ๋Œ€์ถœ๊ธˆ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:57
This is a couple at a later stage of life,
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์ด ๋ถ„๋“ค์€ ์ƒ์˜ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ๋Šฆ์€ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:00
Charlie Bresler and Diana Schott,
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์ฐฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ธŒ๋ ˆ์Šฌ๋Ÿฌ์™€ ๋‹ค์ด์• ๋‚˜ ์‡ผํŠธ๋Š”
08:03
who, when they were young, when they met,
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์ Š์–ด์„œ ๋งŒ๋‚ฌ์„ ๋•Œ์—”
08:05
were activists against the Vietnam War,
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๋ฒ ํŠธ๋‚จ ๋ฐ˜์ „ ์šด๋™๊ฐ€์˜€๊ณ ,
08:08
fought for social justice,
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์‚ฌํšŒ ์ •์˜๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‹ธ์šฐ๊ณ ๋Š”
08:10
and then moved into careers, as most people do,
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์ดํ›„, ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋“ฏ ์ง์žฅ ์ƒํ™œ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:13
didn't really do anything very active about those values,
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์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ด€์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
08:16
although they didn't abandon them.
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ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ์šด๋™ ํ™œ๋™์€ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์–ด์š”.
08:19
And then, as they got to the age at which many people
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ณดํ†ต ์€ํ‡ด๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š”
08:22
start to think of retirement, they returned to them,
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๋‚˜์ด๊ฐ€ ๋˜์ž, ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ™œ๋™์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:25
and they've decided to cut back on their spending,
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์ง€์ถœ์„ ์ค„์ด๊ณ  ๊ฒ€์†Œํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‚ด๋ฉด์„œ
08:28
to live modestly, and to give both money and time
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์ „์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋นˆ๊ณค ํ‡ด์น˜์— ๋ˆ๊ณผ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„
08:33
to helping to fight global poverty.
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ํˆฌ์žํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:38
Now, mentioning time might lead you to think,
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์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์–˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์™”์œผ๋‹ˆ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹ค์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ๋„ค์š”.
08:41
"Well, should I abandon my career and put all of my time
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"๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ง์žฅ๋„ ๊ทธ๋งŒ๋‘๊ณ  ๋‚ด๊ฒŒ ์ฃผ์–ด์ง„ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์ „๋ถ€ ๋‹ค
08:45
into saving some of these 19,000 lives
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๋งค์ผ ์ฃฝ์–ด ๊ฐ€๋Š” 19,000๋ช… ์ค‘ ๋ช‡์ด๋ผ๋„
08:48
that are lost every day?"
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์‚ด๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ผ์— ์จ์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ?
08:50
One person who's thought quite a bit about this issue
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผ ์ด ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ์ข€ ๋” ๋‚˜์•„์ง€๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์—
08:52
of how you can have a career that will have
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๋ณดํƒฌ์ด ๋˜๋Š” ์ง์—…์„ ๊ฐ€์งˆ๊นŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
08:55
the biggest impact for good in the world is Will Crouch.
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๊ฝค๋‚˜ ๊ณ ์‹ฌํ•œ ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์œŒ ํฌ๋ผ์šฐ์น˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:59
He's a graduate student in philosophy,
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์ฒ ํ•™๊ณผ ๋Œ€ํ•™์›์ƒ์œผ๋กœ,
09:02
and he's set up a website called 80,000 Hours,
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'8๋งŒ ์‹œ๊ฐ„,' ์ฆ‰ ๋Œ€๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ง์—…์— ์ข…์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š”
09:06
the number of hours he estimates
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์—์„œ ๋”ฐ ์˜จ ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ์„คํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:08
most people spend on their career,
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ
09:10
to advise people on how to have the best,
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์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์ง์žฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„์ง€
09:12
most effective career.
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์กฐ์–ธํ•ด ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์ฃ .
09:14
But you might be surprised to know
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ
09:16
that one of the careers that he encourages people to consider,
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๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์ ์„ฑ์ด์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ถŒ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ์ง์ข… ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”
09:19
if they have the right abilities and character,
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์ข€ ์˜์™ธ๋กœ ๋‹ค๊ฐ€์˜ฌ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:22
is to go into banking or finance.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ธˆ์œต๊ถŒ์— ์ข…์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:26
Why? Because if you earn a lot of money,
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์™œ์ผ๊นŒ์š”? ๋ˆ์„ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฒŒ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด
09:30
you can give away a lot of money,
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๊ธฐ๋ถ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธˆ์•ก๋„ ๋งŽ์•„์ง€๋ฉฐ,
09:33
and if you're successful in that career,
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๊ทธ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
09:35
you could give enough to an aid organization
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๊ตฌํ˜ธ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์—์„œ ๊ตฌํ˜ธ์›์„ 5๋ช… ์ •๋„ ๊ณ ์šฉํ• 
09:37
so that it could employ, let's say, five aid workers
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๋น„์šฉ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ถ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:42
in developing countries, and each one of them
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๊ตฌํ˜ธ์› ํ•œ ๋ช… ํ•œ ๋ช…์€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋„์ƒ๊ตญ์—์„œ
09:45
would probably do about as much good
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ํ•œ ๋ช… ํ•œ ๋ช…์ด ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋งŒํผ์˜
09:47
as you would have done.
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ํ™œ๋™์„ ํ•˜๊ฒ ์ง€์š”.
09:49
So you can quintuple the impact
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ง์—…์— ์ข…์‚ฌํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์„œ
09:52
by leading that kind of career.
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๋‹ค์„ฏ ๋ฐฐ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:56
Here's one young man who's taken this advice.
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์ด ์ Š์€์ด๋Š” ๊ทธ ์กฐ์–ธ์„ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:58
His name is Matt Weiger.
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๋งคํŠธ ์™€์ด๊ฑฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:00
He was a student at Princeton in philosophy and math,
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ํ”„๋ฆฐ์Šคํ„ด๋Œ€์—์„œ ์ฒ ํ•™๊ณผ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์„ ์ „๊ณตํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
10:04
actually won the prize for the best undergraduate philosophy thesis
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์ž‘๋…„์— ์กธ์—…ํ•  ๋•Œ๋Š” ์ฒ ํ•™๊ณผ ํ•™๋ถ€ ์ตœ์šฐ์ˆ˜ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์ƒ์„
10:07
last year when he graduated.
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์ˆ˜์ƒํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:10
But he's gone into finance in New York.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‰ด์š• ๊ธˆ์œต๊ฐ€์— ์ง„์ถœํ–ˆ๊ณ ,
10:13
He's already earning enough
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๋ฒŒ์จ ํšจ์œจ์  ์ž์„  ๋‹จ์ฒด์—
10:14
so that he's giving a six-figure sum to effective charities
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์ˆ˜์–ต์›์„ ๊ธฐ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ๋„
10:19
and still leaving himself with enough to live on.
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์ƒํ™œํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ž…์€ ๋‚จ๊ฒจ ๋‘๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:22
Matt has also helped me to set up an organization
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๋งคํŠธ๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์“ด ์ฑ…์—์„œ
10:26
that I'm working with that has the name taken
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์ด๋ฆ„์„ ๋”ด ๋‹จ์ฒด๋ฅผ ์„ธ์šฐ๋Š” ๋ฐ
10:29
from the title of a book I wrote,
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ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•ด ์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:31
"The Life You Can Save,"
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'๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ตฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒ๋ช…(The Life You Can Save)' ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฉฐ,
10:33
which is trying to change our culture
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ฌธํ™”์— ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ์˜ค๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์ฒด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:36
so that more people think that
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๋ณด๋‹ค ๋งŽ์€ ์ด๋“ค์ด ๋„๋•์ ์ธ ์‚ถ์„ ์‚ด๋ ค๋ฉด
10:39
if we're going to live an ethical life,
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์‚ฌ๊ธฐ์น˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋„๋‘‘์งˆํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉฐ
10:41
it's not enough just to follow the thou-shalt-nots
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๋‚จ์„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์‚ด์ธํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋Š”
10:45
and not cheat, steal, maim, kill,
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๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
10:47
but that if we have enough, we have to share some of that
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜ ์—†๋Š” ์ด๋“ค๊ณผ
10:50
with people who have so little.
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๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋”์ด์š”.
10:54
And the organization draws together people
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์ด ๋‹จ์ฒด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์„ธ๋Œ€๋“ค์ด
10:56
of different generations,
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ํ•œ๋ฐ ๋ชจ์ด๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:58
like Holly Morgan, who's an undergraduate,
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๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ์ธ ํ™€๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๊ฑด์€
11:00
who's pledged to give 10 percent
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๊ฐ€์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์–ผ๋งˆ ์•ˆ ๋˜์ง€๋งŒ
11:01
of the little amount that she has,
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๊ทธ ์ค‘ 10%๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ์•ฝ์†ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:03
and on the right, Ada Wan,
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์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ์€ ์—์ด๋‹ค ์™„์œผ๋กœ
11:05
who has worked directly for the poor, but has now
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๋นˆ๊ณค์ธต์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ง์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ผํ•ด ์™”์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด์ œ๋Š”
11:08
gone to Yale to do an MBA to have more to give.
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๋ณด๋‹ค ๋งŽ์ด ๊ธฐ๋ถ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์˜ˆ์ผ๋Œ€์—์„œ MBA๋ฅผ ์ทจ๋“ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:13
Many people will think, though,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋งŽ์€ ์ด๋“ค์€
11:14
that charities aren't really all that effective.
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์ž์„  ๋‹จ์ฒด๋Š” ๊ทธ๋‹ค์ง€ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ๊ฒ ์ง€์š”.
11:18
So let's talk about effectiveness.
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์ด์ œ ์‹คํšจ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–˜๊ธฐํ•ด๋ณด์ฃ .
11:20
Toby Ord is very concerned about this,
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ํ† ๋น„ ์˜ค๋“œ๋Š” ์‹คํšจ์„ฑ์„ ์—ผ๋ คํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:22
and he's calculated that some charities
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๊ทธ์˜ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ๋ช‡๋ช‡ ์ž์„  ๋‹จ์ฒด๋Š”
11:25
are hundreds or even thousands of times
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‹จ์ฒด๋ณด๋‹ค ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ, ์ˆ˜์ฒœ ๋ฐฐ๋‚˜ ๋”
11:28
more effective than others,
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ํšจ์œจ์ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:30
so it's very important to find the effective ones.
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์ด๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ๋‹จ์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๋Š” ์ผ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:32
Take, for example, providing a guide dog for a blind person.
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์‹œ๊ฐ ์žฅ์• ์ธ์—๊ฒŒ ๋งน์ธ๊ฒฌ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด๋ณด์ฃ .
11:37
That's a good thing to do, right?
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์ž˜ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์ด๊ฒ ์ง€์š”?
11:40
Well, right, it is a good thing to do,
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๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์€ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:42
but you have to think what else you could do with the resources.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ž์›์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ์ง€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:45
It costs about 40,000 dollars to train a guide dog
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๋งน์ธ๊ฒฌ ํ•œ ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ , ๋งน์ธ๊ฒฌ๊ณผ
11:49
and train the recipient so that the guide dog
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์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ƒํ™œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์‹œ๊ฐ ์žฅ์• ์ธ์„
11:52
can be an effective help to a blind person.
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๊ต์œกํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ๋Š” ์•ฝ 40,000 ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€ ์†Œ์š”๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:55
It costs somewhere between 20 and 50 dollars
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๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋„์ƒ๊ตญ์—์„œ ํŠธ๋ผ์ฝ”๋งˆ๋กœ ์‹œ๋ ฅ์„ ์žƒ์€
12:00
to cure a blind person in a developing country
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ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ์น˜๋ฃŒํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ๋Š”
12:03
if they have trachoma.
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$20~$50์ด ์†Œ์š”๋˜๊ณ ์š”.
12:05
So you do the sums, and you get something like that.
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๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•ด ๋ณด๋ฉด ๋Œ€๋žต ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋„ค์š”.
12:08
You could provide one guide dog
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ ์žฅ์• ์ธ ํ•œ ๋ช…์—๊ฒŒ
12:09
for one blind American,
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๋งน์ธ๊ฒฌ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
12:12
or you could cure between 400
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400๋ช…์—์„œ 2,000๋ช…์— ๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š”
12:15
and 2,000 people of blindness.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์•ž์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:18
I think it's clear what's the better thing to do.
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์–ด๋Š ํŽธ์ด ๋‚˜์€์ง€๋Š” ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:22
But if you want to look for effective charities,
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ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ์ž์„  ๋‹จ์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ์— ์ข‹์€
12:26
this is a good website to go to.
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์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:28
GiveWell exists to really assess the impact of charities,
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๊ธฐ๋ธŒ์›ฐ(GiveWell)์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ์ž์„  ๋‹จ์ฒด์˜ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ ํ‰๊ฐ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:33
not just whether they're well-run,
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์šด์˜์ด ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๋„˜์–ด์„œ์š”.
12:35
and it's screened hundreds of charities
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์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ ๊ณณ์˜ ์ž์„  ๋‹จ์ฒด๋ฅผ ์‹ฌ์‚ฌํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
12:37
and currently is recommending only three,
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์ถ”์ฒœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณณ์€ ํ˜„์žฌ ์„ธ ๊ตฐ๋ฐ๋ฟ์ด๋ฉฐ
12:40
of which the Against Malaria Foundation is number one.
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'์–ด๊ฒ์ŠคํŠธ ๋ง๋ผ๋ฆฌ์•„' ๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ค‘ 1์œ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:44
So it's very tough. If you want to look for other recommendations,
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๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ํž˜๋“ค์ง€์š”. ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ถ”์ฒœ ๋‹จ์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์œผ๋ ค๋ฉด
12:47
thelifeyoucansave.com and Giving What We Can
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thelifeyoucansave.com ๊ณผ 'Giving What We Can' ๋‘ ๊ตฐ๋ฐ ๋‹ค
12:50
both have a somewhat broader list,
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์ข€๋” ํญ๋„“์€ ๋ชฉ๋ก์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:52
but you can find effective organizations,
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์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฑด ํšจ์œจ์  ๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ง ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:56
and not just in the area of saving lives from the poor.
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๊ผญ ๋นˆ๊ณค์ธต ๊ตฌ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋„ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
13:00
I'm pleased to say that there is now also a website
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ํšจ์œจ์  ๋™๋ฌผ ๋ณดํ˜ธ ๋‹จ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋งํ•˜๋Š”
13:03
looking at effective animal organizations.
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์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฒจ ๊ธฐ์ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:06
That's another cause that I've been concerned about
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๋™๋ฌผ ๊ถŒ์ต ์šด๋™์€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ‰์ƒ ๊ด€์‹ฌ๊ฐ€์ ธ ์˜จ
13:08
all my life, the immense amount of suffering
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ๋งค๋…„ ๊ธ€์ž ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ
13:11
that humans inflict
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์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ์–ต ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ์˜
13:12
on literally tens of billions of animals every year.
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๋™๋ฌผ์— ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๊ณ ํ†ต์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:16
So if you want to look for effective organizations
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๊ทธ ๊ณ ํ†ต์˜ ์–‘์„ ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
13:19
to reduce that suffering,
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ํšจ์œจ์  ๋‹จ์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์œผ์‹œ๋ ค๋ฉด
13:21
you can go to Effective Animal Activism.
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'ํšจ์œจ์  ๋™๋ฌผ ๊ถŒ์ต ์šด๋™(Effective Animal Activism)' ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
13:24
And some effective altruists think it's very important
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ํšจ์œจ์  ์ดํƒ€์ฃผ์˜์ž ๋ช‡๋ช‡์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ข…์กฑ์˜
13:27
to make sure that our species survives at all.
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์ƒ์กด ์ž์ฒด๋ฅผ ํ™•์‹ค์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:31
So they're looking at ways to reduce the risk of extinction.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ฉธ์ข… ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ์ค„์ผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€์š”.
13:34
Here's one risk of extinction that we all became aware of
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ, ์ตœ๊ทผ ์†Œํ–‰์„ฑ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ตฌ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ด๋กœ ์ง€๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋ฉด์„œ
13:37
recently, when an asteroid passed close to our planet.
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๊นจ๋‹ซ๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๋ฉธ์ข… ์œ„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ตฐ์š”.
13:41
Possibly research could help us not only to predict
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์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ง€๊ตฌ์™€ ์ถฉ๋Œ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”
13:44
the path of asteroids that might collide with us,
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์†Œํ–‰์„ฑ์˜ ๊ถค๋„๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•  ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
13:46
but actually to deflect them.
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๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š” ์ผ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:49
So some people think that would be a good thing to give to.
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์–ด๋–ค ์ด๋“ค์€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๊ธฐ๋ถ€ํ•  ๋งŒํ•œ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ฃ .
13:51
There's many possibilities.
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๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋“ ์ง€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:53
My final question is,
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€
13:55
some people will think it's a burden to give.
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๊ธฐ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€๋‹ด์Šค๋Ÿฝ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š๋ƒ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:58
I don't really believe it is.
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์ „ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:00
I've enjoyed giving all of my life
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์ „ ๋Œ€ํ•™์›์ƒ ์‹œ์ ˆ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
14:02
since I was a graduate student.
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๊ธฐ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์ฆ๊ฒจ ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:03
It's been something fulfilling to me.
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์ œ๊ฒŒ ์žˆ์–ด ๊ธฐ๋ถ€๋Š” ์„ฑ์ทจ๊ฐ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:06
Charlie Bresler said to me that he's not an altruist.
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์ฐฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ธŒ๋ ˆ์Šฌ๋Ÿฌ๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์ด ์ดํƒ€์ฃผ์˜์ž๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
14:09
He thinks that the life he's saving is his own.
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์ž์‹ ์ด ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒ๋ช…์€ ์ž๊ธฐ ์ž์‹ ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด์„œ์š”.
14:12
And Holly Morgan told me that she used to battle depression
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ํ™€๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๊ฑด์€ ํšจ์œจ์  ์ดํƒ€์ฃผ์˜์— ๋™์ฐธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์—๋Š”
14:16
until she got involved with effective altruism,
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์šฐ์šธ์ฆ์— ์‹œ๋‹ฌ๋ ค ์™”๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:18
and now is one of the happiest people she knows.
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์ด์ œ๋Š” ์ฃผ๋ณ€์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ–‰๋ณตํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:22
I think one of the reasons for this
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์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ๊ทธ ์ด์œ  ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”
14:23
is that being an effective altruist helps to overcome
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ํšจ์œจ์  ์ดํƒ€์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ์‹ค์ฒœํ•˜๋ฉด '์‹œ์‹œํฌ์Šค์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ'๋ฅผ
14:27
what I call the Sisyphus problem.
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๊ทน๋ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:30
Here's Sisyphus as portrayed by Titian,
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ํ‹ฐ์น˜์•„๋…ธ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌํ•œ ๋ฐ”๋กœ๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:33
condemned by the gods to push a huge boulder
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์‹œ์‹œํฌ์Šค๋Š” ์‹ ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ปค๋‹ค๋ž€ ๋ฐ”์œ„๋ฅผ ์–ธ๋• ์œ„๋กœ ๊ตด๋ฆฌ๋Š”
14:36
up to the top of the hill.
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ํ˜•๋ฒŒ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜๋Š”๋ฐ,
14:38
Just as he gets there, the effort becomes too much,
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์ •์ƒ์— ๋‹ค๋‹ค๋ฅด์ž๋งˆ์ž ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ํž˜์ด ๋“  ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€
14:41
the boulder escapes, rolls all the way down the hill,
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๋ฐ”์œ—๋Œ์„ ๋†“์ณ์„œ ์–ธ๋• ์•„๋ž˜๋กœ ๊ตด๋Ÿฌ๋–จ์–ด์ง€๊ณ ,
14:44
he has to trudge back down to push it up again,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์•„๋ž˜๋กœ ๋‚ด๋ ค๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๊ตด๋ ค ์˜ฌ๋ ค์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:47
and the same thing happens again and again
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์˜์›ํžˆ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ์ผ์„
14:50
for all eternity.
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๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
14:52
Does that remind you of a consumer lifestyle,
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์†Œ๋น„์ž์˜ ์ƒํ™œ ํŒจํ„ด์ด ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š์œผ์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
14:55
where you work hard to get money,
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์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ์ผํ•ด์„œ ๋ˆ์„ ๋ฒŒ๊ณ ,
14:58
you spend that money on consumer goods
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์ƒํ’ˆ์„ ๊ตฌ๋งคํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๊ทธ ๋ˆ์„ ์“ฐ๊ณ 
15:00
which you hope you'll enjoy using?
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์ฆ๊ฒ๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:03
But then the money's gone, you have to work hard
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ˆ์€ ๋–จ์–ด์ง€๊ณ , ๋‹ค์‹œ ํž˜๋“ค๊ฒŒ ์ผํ•ด์„œ
15:06
to get more, spend more, and to maintain
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๋” ๋ฒŒ๊ณ , ๋” ์“ฐ๊ณ , ์ผ์ •ํ•œ ํ–‰๋ณต ์ˆ˜์ค€์„
15:09
the same level of happiness, it's kind of a hedonic treadmill.
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์œ ์ง€ํ•˜์ง€์š”. ์พŒ๋ฝ์˜ ์ณ‡๋ฐ”ํ€ด ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:12
You never get off, and you never really feel satisfied.
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๋ฉˆ์ถœ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์—†๊ณ , ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋งŒ์กฑ์Šค๋Ÿฝ์ง€๋„ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:15
Becoming an effective altruist gives you
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ํšจ์œจ์  ์ดํƒ€์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ์‹ค์ฒœํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์„œ
15:18
that meaning and fulfillment.
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์˜๋ฏธ์™€ ์„ฑ์ทจ๊ฐ์„ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:20
It enables you to have a solid basis for self-esteem
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์ž์กด๊ฐ์— ๋‹จ๋‹จํ•œ ๊ธฐํ‹€์ด ๋˜์–ด ์ฃผ๋ฉฐ
15:24
on which you can feel your life was really worth living.
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์‚ถ์ด ์ •๋ง ์‚ด ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Š๋ผ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:28
I'm going to conclude by telling you
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๊ฐ•์—ฐ์„ ๋งˆ์น˜๋ฉฐ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ
15:31
about an email that I received
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ํ•œ ๋‹ฌ์ฏค ์ „์— ์ด ๊ฐ•์—ฐ๋ฌธ์„
15:33
while I was writing this talk just a month or so ago.
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์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜๋‹ค ๋ฐ›์€ ์ด๋ฉ”์ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆด๊นŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:38
It's from a man named Chris Croy, who I'd never heard of.
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์ „ํ˜€ ๋“ค์–ด ๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์—†๋Š” ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค ํฌ๋กœ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‚จ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์–ด์š”.
15:41
This is a picture of him showing him recovering from surgery.
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ํ›„ ํšŒ๋ณต ์ค‘์ธ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:45
Why was he recovering from surgery?
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์™œ ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ํ›„ ํšŒ๋ณต ์ค‘์ด์—ˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
15:48
The email began, "Last Tuesday,
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์ด๋ฉ”์ผ์€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์‹œ์ž‘๋์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์ €๋Š” ์ง€๋‚œ ํ™”์š”์ผ
15:51
I anonymously donated my right kidney to a stranger.
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์ต๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ฏ์„  ์ด์—๊ฒŒ ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ ์‹ ์žฅ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ถ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:55
That started a kidney chain
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์ด ์ผ๋กœ ์‹ ์žฅ ๊ธฐ๋ถ€ ๋ฆด๋ ˆ์ด๊ฐ€
15:57
which enabled four people to receive kidneys."
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์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์–ด ๋„ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์‹ ์žฅ ์ด์‹์„ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
16:02
There's about 100 people each year in the U.S.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ ๋งค๋…„ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ธฐ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด
16:04
and more in other countries who do that.
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100์—ฌ ๋ช…์ด๊ณ , ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‚˜๋ผ์—๋„ ๋” ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:07
I was pleased to read it. Chris went on to say
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๋ฐ˜๊ฐ€์šด ์ด๋ฉ”์ผ์ด์—ˆ์–ด์š”. ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋Š” ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ
16:09
that he'd been influenced by my writings in what he did.
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์ œ ๊ธ€์—์„œ ๋งŽ์€ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:13
Well, I have to admit, I'm also somewhat embarrassed by that,
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์Œ, ์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ข€ ์‘ฅ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
16:16
because I still have two kidneys.
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์ „ ์•„์ง ์‹ ์žฅ์ด ๋‘ ๊ฐœ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
16:22
But Chris went on to say that he didn't think
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ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋Š” ์ž๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํ•œ ์ผ์ด ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ
16:25
that what he'd done was all that amazing,
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๋Œ€๋‹จํ•œ ์ผ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:27
because he calculated that the number of life-years
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ด๋“ค์˜ ์ƒ๋ช…์— ๋”ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„,
16:31
that he had added to people, the extension of life,
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์ฆ‰ ์—ฐ์žฅ์‹œํ‚จ ์ƒ๋ช…์ด
16:33
was about the same that you could achieve
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์–ด๊ฒ์ŠคํŠธ ๋ง๋ผ๋ฆฌ์•„ ์žฌ๋‹จ์— $5,000๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ถ€ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ
16:36
if you gave 5,000 dollars to the Against Malaria Foundation.
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์‚ด๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๋งŒํผ๊ณผ ๋น„์Šทํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ–ˆ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
16:42
And that did make me feel a little bit better,
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๊ทธ๋‚˜๋งˆ ์ข€ ๋‹คํ–‰์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ๋“ค๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
16:46
because I have given more than 5,000 dollars
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์ „ ์–ด๊ฒ์ŠคํŠธ ๋ง๋ผ๋ฆฌ์•„ ์žฌ๋‹จ์„ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ
16:50
to the Against Malaria Foundation
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ž์„  ๋‹จ์ฒด์—
16:52
and to various other effective charities.
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$5,000 ์ด์ƒ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ถ€ํ–ˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
16:57
So if you're feeling bad
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋„ ์•„์ง
16:59
because you still have two kidneys as well,
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์‹ ์žฅ์ด ๋‘ ๊ฐœ๋ผ ์ฃ„์ฑ…๊ฐ์ด ๋“œ์‹ ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
17:03
there's a way for you to get off the hook.
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๋น ์ ธ๋‚˜๊ฐˆ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:06
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:07
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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