Peter Singer: The why and how of effective altruism

Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast

Prevoditelj: Martina Valković Recezent: Ivan Stamenković

There's something that I'd like you to see.

Volio bih da vidite nešto.

(Video) Reporter: It's a story that's deeply unsettled

(Video) Reporter: Priča koja je duboko uznemirila

millions in China:

milijune u Kini:

footage of a two-year-old girl

snimka dvogodišnje djevojčice

hit by a van and left bleeding in the street by passersby,

koju je udario kombi i koju su prolaznici ostavili da krvari na ulici,

footage too graphic to be shown.

snimka preuznemirujuća da bi bila prikazana.

The entire accident is caught on camera.

Čitav incident zabilježen je kamerom.

The driver pauses after hitting the child,

Vozač zastaje nakon što je udario dijete,

his back wheels seen resting on her for over a second.

vidi se kako su njegovi stražnji kotači zastali na njoj više od sekunde.

Within two minutes, three people pass two-year-old Wang Yue by.

U sljedeće dvije minute, troje ljudi prolazi pored dvogodišnje Wang Yue.

The first walks around the badly injured toddler completely.

Prvi posve zaobilazi teško ozlijeđeno dijete.

Others look at her before moving off.

Ostali bacaju pogled na nju prije nego što kreću dalje.

Peter Singer: There were other people

Peter Singer: Bilo je i

who walked past Wang Yue,

drugih koji su prošli pored Wang Yue, i drugi

and a second van ran over her legs

kombi je prešao preko njenih nogu

before a street cleaner raised the alarm.

prije nego što je ulični čistač digao uzbunu.

She was rushed to hospital, but it was too late. She died.

Brzo je otpremljena u bolnicu, no bilo je prekasno. Umrla je.

I wonder how many of you, looking at that,

Pitam se koliko je vas, gledajući ovo,

said to yourselves just now, "I would not have done that.

upravo sada sebi reklo, "Ja to ne bih učinio.

I would have stopped to help."

Ja bih se zaustavio i pomogao."

Raise your hands if that thought occurred to you.

Dignite ruku ukoliko vam se javila ta misao.

As I thought, that's most of you.

Kao što sam i mislio, to je većina vas.

And I believe you. I'm sure you're right.

Vjerujem vam. Siguran sam da imate pravo.

But before you give yourself too much credit,

No prije nego što si pripišete prevelike zasluge,

look at this.

pogledajte ovo.

UNICEF reports that in 2011,

UNICEF izvještava da je u 2011.-oj

6.9 million children under five

6,9 milijuna djece mlađe od pet godina

died from preventable, poverty-related diseases.

umrlo od preventabilnih, uz siromaštvo vezanih bolesti.

UNICEF thinks that that's good news

UNICEF smatra da je to dobra vijest

because the figure has been steadily coming down

zato što se taj broj stalno smanjuje

from 12 million in 1990. That is good.

od 12 milijuna u 1990.-oj. To je dobro.

But still, 6.9 million

No ipak, 6,9 milijuna

is 19,000 children dying every day.

znači da 19 000 djece umre svaki dan.

Does it really matter

Je li zaista važno

that we're not walking past them in the street?

što ne prolazimo pored njih na ulici?

Does it really matter that they're far away?

Je li zaista važno što su daleko?

I don't think it does make a morally relevant difference.

Ne mislim da to čini moralno značajnu razliku.

The fact that they're not right in front of us,

Činjenica da se ne nalaze ispred nas,

the fact, of course, that they're of a different nationality

činjenica, naravno, da su druge nacionalnosti

or race, none of that seems morally relevant to me.

ili rase, ništa od toga se meni ne čini moralno relevantnim.

What is really important is,

Ono što je nama zbilja važno jest

can we reduce that death toll? Can we save

možemo li smanjiti tu smrtnost? Možemo li spasiti

some of those 19,000 children dying every day?

neke od tih 19 000 djece koji svakodnevno umiru?

And the answer is, yes we can.

A odgovor je da, možemo.

Each of us spends money

Svatko od nas troši novac

on things that we do not really need.

na stvari koje zapravo ne trebamo.

You can think what your own habit is,

Možete misliti na svoje navike,

whether it's a new car, a vacation

bio to novi auto, godišnji odmor

or just something like buying bottled water

ili tek nešto poput kupnje flaširane vode

when the water that comes out of the tap

kad je voda iz slavine

is perfectly safe to drink.

savršeno sigurna za piće.

You could take the money you're spending

Mogli biste uzeti novac koji

on those unnecessary things

trošite na te nepotrebne stvari

and give it to this organization,

i dati ga ovoj organizaciji,

the Against Malaria Foundation,

Fondaciji protiv malarije,

which would take the money you had given

koja bi uzela novac koji ste dali

and use it to buy nets like this one

i iskoristila ga za kupnju mreža poput ove

to protect children like this one,

kako bi zaštitila djecu poput ovoga,

and we know reliably that if we provide nets,

a pouzdano znamo da, ako osiguramo mreže,

they're used, and they reduce the number of children

one se koriste i smanjuju broj djece

dying from malaria,

koja umiru od malarije,

just one of the many preventable diseases

tek jedne od mnogih preventabilnih bolesti

that are responsible for some of those 19,000 children

koje su odgovorne za neke od tih 19 000 djece

dying every day.

koji svakodnevno umiru.

Fortunately, more and more people

Na sreću, sve više ljudi

are understanding this idea,

razumije ovu ideju,

and the result is a growing movement:

a rezultat je rastući pokret:

effective altruism.

efektivni altruizam.

It's important because it combines both the heart and the head.

Važan je zato što kombinira i srce i glavu.

The heart, of course, you felt.

Srce ste, naravno, osjetili.

You felt the empathy for that child.

Osjetili ste empatiju prema tom djetetu.

But it's really important to use the head as well

No, jako je važno koristiti i glavu,

to make sure that what you do is effective and well-directed,

kako bi osigurali da je ono što radite efikasno i dobro usmjereno,

and not only that, but also I think reason helps us

i ne samo to, nego također mislim da nam razum pomaže

to understand that other people, wherever they are,

da razumijemo da su drugi ljudi, gdjegod bili,

are like us, that they can suffer as we can,

poput nas, da mogu patiti kao što mi možemo,

that parents grieve for the deaths of their children,

da roditelji tuguju zbog smrti njihove djece

as we do,

kao što to mi činimo,

and that just as our lives and our well-being matter to us,

i da, kao što su nama važni naši životi i naše blagostanje,

it matters just as much to all of these people.

to je jednako tako važno svim ovim ljudima.

So I think reason is not just some neutral tool

Zato mislim da razum nije samo neki neutralni alat

to help you get whatever you want.

koji vam pomaže da dobijete štogod želite.

It does help us to put perspective on our situation.

Pomaže nam staviti našu situaciju u perspektivu.

And I think that's why

I mislim da su zato

many of the most significant people in effective altruism

mnogi od najznačajnijih ljudi u efektivnom altruizmu

have been people who have had backgrounds

bili ljudi upoznati s

in philosophy or economics or math.

filozofijom, ekonomijom ili matematikom.

And that might seem surprising,

I to može djelovati začuđujuće,

because a lot of people think,

jer mnogo ljudi misli,

"Philosophy is remote from the real world;

"Filozofija je udaljena od stvarnog svijeta;

economics, we're told, just makes us more selfish,

ekonomija nas, rečeno nam je, samo čini sebičnijima,

and we know that math is for nerds."

a znamo da je matematika za štrebere."

But in fact it does make a difference,

No, zapravo, to čini razliku,

and in fact there's one particular nerd

i zapravo postoji jedan štreber

who has been a particularly effective altruist

koji je bio posebno efektivan altruist

because he got this.

jer je ovo shvatio.

This is the website of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation,

Ovo je web stranica Fondacije Bill & Melinda Gates,

and if you look at the words on the top right-hand side,

i ukoliko pogledate riječi na gornjoj desnoj strani,

it says, "All lives have equal value."

piše: "Svi životi imaju jednaku vrijednost".

That's the understanding,

To je razumijevanje,

the rational understanding of our situation in the world

racionalno razumijevanje naše situacije u svijetu

that has led to these people

koja je dovela do toga da su

being the most effective altruists in history,

ovi ljudi najefektivniji altruisti u povijesti,

Bill and Melinda Gates and Warren Buffett.

Bill i Melinda Gates i Warren Buffett.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)

No one, not Andrew Carnegie, not John D. Rockefeller,

Nitko, ni Andrew Carnegie, ni John D. Rockefeller,

has ever given as much to charity

nije nikada dao toliko u dobrotvorne svrhe

as each one of these three,

koliko je dao svatko od ovih troje,

and they have used their intelligence

i oni su koristili svoju inteligenciju

to make sure that it is highly effective.

kako bi osigurali da to bude vrlo efikasno.

According to one estimate, the Gates Foundation

Prema jednoj procjeni, Fondacija Gates

has already saved 5.8 million lives

je već spasila 5,8 milijuna života

and many millions more, people, getting diseases

i mnogo milijuna ljudi od bolesti koje

that would have made them very sick,

bi ih učinile vrlo bolesnima,

even if eventually they survived.

čak i ako bi na kraju preživjeli.

Over the coming years, undoubtably the Gates Foundation

U nadolazećim godinama, Gates fondacija će nesumnjivo

is going to give a lot more,

dati i puno više,

is going to save a lot more lives.

spasit će puno više života.

Well, you might say, that's fine if you're a billionaire,

Pa, mogli biste reći, to je u redu ako ste milijarder,

you can have that kind of impact.

možete izvršiti toliki utjecaj.

But if I'm not, what can I do?

No, ako nisam, što mogu učiniti?

So I'm going to look at four questions that people ask

Razmotrit ću četiri pitanja koja ljudi postavljaju,

that maybe stand in the way of them giving.

a koja možda stoje na putu između njih i davanja.

They worry how much of a difference they can make.

Brinu se koliku razliku mogu napraviti.

But you don't have to be a billionaire.

No, ne morate biti milijarder.

This is Toby Ord. He's a research fellow in philosophy

Ovo je Toby Ord. On je znanstveni novak u filozofiji

at the University of Oxford.

na sveučilištu Oxford.

He became an effective altruist when he calculated

Postao je efektivni altruist kada je izračunao

that with the money that he was likely to earn

da bi s novcem kojeg će vjerojatno zaraditi

throughout his career, an academic career,

tijekom svoje karijere, akademske karijere,

he could give enough to cure 80,000 people of blindness

mogao dati dovoljno da bi se 80 000 ljudi u zemljama u razvoju

in developing countries

izliječilo od sljepoće

and still have enough left

i i dalje bi mu ostalo dovoljno

for a perfectly adequate standard of living.

za posve adekvatan životni standard.

So Toby founded an organization

Tako je Toby osnovao organizaciju

called Giving What We Can to spread this information,

pod nazivom "Giving What We Can" kako bi proširio ovu informaciju,

to unite people who want to share some of their income,

ujedinio ljude koji žele dati nešto od njihovog prihoda,

and to ask people to pledge to give 10 percent

i pitao ljude da založe 10 posto

of what they earn over their lifetime

onoga što zarade tijekom života

to fighting global poverty.

kako bi se borili protiv siromaštva u svijetu.

Toby himself does better than that.

Sam Toby daje više od toga.

He's pledged to live on 18,000 pounds a year --

Obećao je živjeti s 18 000 funti godišnje --

that's less than 30,000 dollars --

to je manje od 30 000 dolara --

and to give the rest to those organizations.

a ostalo dati ovim organizacijama.

And yes, Toby is married and he does have a mortgage.

I da, Toby je oženjen i ima hipoteku.

This is a couple at a later stage of life,

Ovo je par u kasnijem razdoblju života,

Charlie Bresler and Diana Schott,

Charlie Bresler i Diana Schott, koji su, kad su bili mladi,

who, when they were young, when they met,

kad su se upoznali,

were activists against the Vietnam War,

bili aktivisti protiv rata u Vijetnamu,

fought for social justice,

borili se za socijalnu pravdu,

and then moved into careers, as most people do,

a onda su se počeli baviti karijerama, kao i većina ljudi,

didn't really do anything very active about those values,

nisu ništa aktivno poduzimali vezano uz te vrijednosti,

although they didn't abandon them.

iako ih nisu napustili.

And then, as they got to the age at which many people

I onda, kako su došli u doba kad mnogo ljudi

start to think of retirement, they returned to them,

počinje razmišljati o mirovini, vratili su im se,

and they've decided to cut back on their spending,

i odlučili su smanjiti svoje troškove,

to live modestly, and to give both money and time

živjeti skromno, te davati i novac i vrijeme

to helping to fight global poverty.

kako bi pomagali boriti se protiv siromaštva u svijetu.

Now, mentioning time might lead you to think,

Sada kada spominjemo vrijeme, mogli biste pomisliti,

"Well, should I abandon my career and put all of my time

"Bi li trebao napustiti svoju karijeru i uložiti sve svoje vrijeme

into saving some of these 19,000 lives

u spašavanje nekih od ovih 19 000 života

that are lost every day?"

koji su svakodnevno izgubljeni?"

One person who's thought quite a bit about this issue

Jedna osoba koja je dosta razmišljala o ovom problemu,

of how you can have a career that will have

kako imati karijeru koja će

the biggest impact for good in the world is Will Crouch.

imati najveći utjecaj na dobro u svijetu, je Will Crouch.

He's a graduate student in philosophy,

On je diplomski student filozofije,

and he's set up a website called 80,000 Hours,

i kreirao je web stranicu pod nazivom "80 000 sati",

the number of hours he estimates

broj sati za koji procjenjuje

most people spend on their career,

da većina ljudi troši na svoju karijeru,

to advise people on how to have the best,

kako bi savjetovao ljude kako imati najbolju,

most effective career.

najefektivniju karijeru.

But you might be surprised to know

No, moglo bi vas iznenaditi

that one of the careers that he encourages people to consider,

da je jedna od karijera za koju ohrabruje ljude, ukoliko

if they have the right abilities and character,

imaju odgovarajuće sposobnosti i karakter,

is to go into banking or finance.

karijera u bankarstvu ili financijama.

Why? Because if you earn a lot of money,

Zašto? Jer ako zaradite puno novca,

you can give away a lot of money,

možete dati puno novca,

and if you're successful in that career,

a ako ste uspješni u toj karijeri,

you could give enough to an aid organization

možete dati nekoj humanitarnoj organizaciji dovoljno za

so that it could employ, let's say, five aid workers

zaposliti, recimo, pet humanitarnih radnika

in developing countries, and each one of them

u zemljama u razvoju, i svaki od njih

would probably do about as much good

bi vjerojatno učinio toliko dobra

as you would have done.

koliko biste i vi učinili.

So you can quintuple the impact

Znači, možete upeterostručiti utjecaj

by leading that kind of career.

vodeći takvu vrstu karijere.

Here's one young man who's taken this advice.

Ovdje je jedan mladić koji je poslušao njegov savjet.

His name is Matt Weiger.

Njegovo ime je Matt Weiger.

He was a student at Princeton in philosophy and math,

Bio je student filozofije i matematike na Princetonu,

actually won the prize for the best undergraduate philosophy thesis

osvojio je nagradu za najbolji preddiplomski završni rad iz filozofije

last year when he graduated.

prošle godine kad je diplomirao.

But he's gone into finance in New York.

No, počeo se baviti financijama u New Yorku.

He's already earning enough

Već zarađuje dovoljno

so that he's giving a six-figure sum to effective charities

da daje šestoznamenkasti iznos efektivnim humanitarnim organizacijama

and still leaving himself with enough to live on.

i dalje mu ostaje dovoljno za život.

Matt has also helped me to set up an organization

Matt mi je također pomogao osnovati organizaciju

that I'm working with that has the name taken

s kojom radim, čije ime je uzeto

from the title of a book I wrote,

iz naslova moje knjige,

"The Life You Can Save,"

"Život koji možete spasiti",

which is trying to change our culture

koja pokušava promijeniti našu kulturu

so that more people think that

tako da više ljudi misli da,

if we're going to live an ethical life,

ako ćemo živjeti etičnim životom,

it's not enough just to follow the thou-shalt-nots

nije dovoljno samo pokoravati se zabranama

and not cheat, steal, maim, kill,

i ne varati, krasti, osakaćivati, ubijati,

but that if we have enough, we have to share some of that

nego, ako imamo dovoljno, moramo dijeliti nešto

with people who have so little.

s onima koji imaju toliko malo.

And the organization draws together people

I organizacija okuplja ljude različitih generacija

of different generations,

poput Holly Morgan,

like Holly Morgan, who's an undergraduate,

koja je preddiplomski student,

who's pledged to give 10 percent

koja je obećala dati 10 posto

of the little amount that she has,

od onog malog što ima,

and on the right, Ada Wan,

i, na desnoj strani, Ade Wan,

who has worked directly for the poor, but has now

koja je direktno radila za siromašne, no sada

gone to Yale to do an MBA to have more to give.

je otišla na diplomski studij na Yale kako bi imala više za dati.

Many people will think, though,

Mnogi ljudi će misliti, ipak,

that charities aren't really all that effective.

da humanitarne organizacije nisu toliko efikasne.

So let's talk about effectiveness.

Pa hajdemo razgovarati o efikasnosti.

Toby Ord is very concerned about this,

Toby Ord je jako zabrinut zbog ovog,

and he's calculated that some charities

i izračunao je da su neke od organizacija

are hundreds or even thousands of times

stotine ili čak tisuće puta

more effective than others,

efikasnije od drugih,

so it's very important to find the effective ones.

tako da je vrlo važno pronaći one efikasne.

Take, for example, providing a guide dog for a blind person.

Uzmimo, na primjer, omogućivanje psa vodiča slijepoj osobi.

That's a good thing to do, right?

To je dobra stvar za učiniti, zar ne?

Well, right, it is a good thing to do,

Pa, da, to je dobra stvar za učiniti,

but you have to think what else you could do with the resources.

no morate misliti što biste još mogli učiniti s resursima.

It costs about 40,000 dollars to train a guide dog

Otprilike 40 000 dolara košta treniranje psa vodiča i

and train the recipient so that the guide dog

podučavanje osobe kako bi pas vodič

can be an effective help to a blind person.

mogao biti efikasna pomoć slijepoj osobi.

It costs somewhere between 20 and 50 dollars

Između 20 i 50 dolara košta

to cure a blind person in a developing country

liječenje slijepe osobe u zemlji u razvoju,

if they have trachoma.

ako ima trahom.

So you do the sums, and you get something like that.

Pa, ako izračunate, dobijete nešto ovakvo.

You could provide one guide dog

Možete osigurati jednog psa vodiča

for one blind American,

za jednog slijepog Amerikanca,

or you could cure between 400

ili možete izliječiti između 400

and 2,000 people of blindness.

i 2000 ljudi od sljepoće.

I think it's clear what's the better thing to do.

Mislim da je jasno što je bolja stvar za učiniti.

But if you want to look for effective charities,

No, ako želite tražiti efikasne organizacije,

this is a good website to go to.

ovo je dobra web-stranica za to.

GiveWell exists to really assess the impact of charities,

GiveWell postoji kako bi zaista ocijenio utjecaj humanitarnih organizacija,

not just whether they're well-run,

ne upravlja li se njima dobro,

and it's screened hundreds of charities

i provjerili su stotine organizacija

and currently is recommending only three,

i trenutno preporučuje samo tri,

of which the Against Malaria Foundation is number one.

od kojih je prva Fondacija protiv malarije.

So it's very tough. If you want to look for other recommendations,

Tako da je vrlo teško. Ukoliko želite druge preporuke,

thelifeyoucansave.com and Giving What We Can

thelifeyoucansave.com i Giving What We Can

both have a somewhat broader list,

oboje imaju nešto širu listu,

but you can find effective organizations,

no možete pronaći efikasne organizacije,

and not just in the area of saving lives from the poor.

i ne samo u području spašavanja života siromašnih.

I'm pleased to say that there is now also a website

Drago mi je da mogu reći da sada postoji i web stranica

looking at effective animal organizations.

posvećena efikasnim organizacijama za zaštitu životinja.

That's another cause that I've been concerned about

To je druga stvar kojom sam se bavio

all my life, the immense amount of suffering

čitavog života, ogromna količina patnje

that humans inflict

koju ljudi nanose

on literally tens of billions of animals every year.

doslovno desetinama milijardi životinja godišnje.

So if you want to look for effective organizations

Pa, ako želite potražiti efikasne organizacije

to reduce that suffering,

za umanjiti tu patnju,

you can go to Effective Animal Activism.

možete otići na Effective Animal Activism.

And some effective altruists think it's very important

I neki od efektivnih altruista misle da je vrlo važno

to make sure that our species survives at all.

osigurati da naša vrsta preživi.

So they're looking at ways to reduce the risk of extinction.

Zato traže načine umanjivanja rizika od izumiranja.

Here's one risk of extinction that we all became aware of

Ovdje je jedna opasnost od izumiranja koje smo svi

recently, when an asteroid passed close to our planet.

nedavno postali svjesni, kada je asteroid prošao blizu našeg planeta.

Possibly research could help us not only to predict

Možda bi nam istraživanja mogla pomoći ne samo predvidjeti

the path of asteroids that might collide with us,

putanje asteroida koji bi se mogli

but actually to deflect them.

sudariti s nama, već ih i skrenuti.

So some people think that would be a good thing to give to.

Neki ljudi smatraju da bi tu bilo dobro donirati.

There's many possibilities.

Mogućnosti su brojne.

My final question is,

Moje posljednje pitanje jest,

some people will think it's a burden to give.

neki ljudi će misliti da je doniranje teret.

I don't really believe it is.

Ne vjerujem da je to tako.

I've enjoyed giving all of my life

Uživao sam u darivanju čitav život,

since I was a graduate student.

otkad sam bio diplomac.

It's been something fulfilling to me.

Bilo je to nešto što me zaista ispunjavalo.

Charlie Bresler said to me that he's not an altruist.

Charlie Bresler mi je rekao da on nije altruist.

He thinks that the life he's saving is his own.

On misli da je život koji spašava njegov vlastit.

And Holly Morgan told me that she used to battle depression

A Holly Morgan mi je rekla da se borila s depresijom

until she got involved with effective altruism,

dok se nije uključila u efektivni altruizam,

and now is one of the happiest people she knows.

a sada je jedna od najsretnijih ljudi koje zna.

I think one of the reasons for this

Mislim da je jedan od razloga za to

is that being an effective altruist helps to overcome

to što bivanje efektivnim altruistom pomaže prevladati

what I call the Sisyphus problem.

ono što nazivam Sizifovim problemom.

Here's Sisyphus as portrayed by Titian,

Ovdje je Sizif kako ga je prikazao Tizian,

condemned by the gods to push a huge boulder

osuđen od bogova da gura veliki kamen

up to the top of the hill.

na vrh brda.

Just as he gets there, the effort becomes too much,

Tek što stigne tamo, napor postaje prevelik,

the boulder escapes, rolls all the way down the hill,

kamen pobjegne, otkotrlja se niz brdo,

he has to trudge back down to push it up again,

on mora otpješačiti do dna kako bi ga opet pogurao uzbrdo,

and the same thing happens again and again

i ista se stvar ponavlja

for all eternity.

cijelu vječnost.

Does that remind you of a consumer lifestyle,

Podsjeća li vas to na konzumeristički životni stil,

where you work hard to get money,

gdje morate raditi teško da bi zaradili novac,

you spend that money on consumer goods

potrošite taj novac na konzumeristička dobra

which you hope you'll enjoy using?

za koja smatrate da ćete uživati koristeći ih?

But then the money's gone, you have to work hard

No, kada novac nestane, morate raditi teško

to get more, spend more, and to maintain

kako bi dobili više, potrošili više i održali

the same level of happiness, it's kind of a hedonic treadmill.

istu razinu sreće, to je vrsta hedonističkog kotača.

You never get off, and you never really feel satisfied.

Nikada ne siđete i nikada se ne osjećate zadovoljnima.

Becoming an effective altruist gives you

Postajanje efektivnim altruizmom pruža vam

that meaning and fulfillment.

taj smisao i ispunjenje.

It enables you to have a solid basis for self-esteem

Omogućuje vam da imate čvrstu bazu za samopouzdanje

on which you can feel your life was really worth living.

na kojoj možete osjećati da je vaš život bio zbilja vrijedan življenja.

I'm going to conclude by telling you

Zaključit ću s jednim e-mailom

about an email that I received

kojeg sam primio

while I was writing this talk just a month or so ago.

dok sam pisao ovo izlaganje pred samo otprilike mjesec dana.

It's from a man named Chris Croy, who I'd never heard of.

Napisao ga je Chris Croy, čovjek za kojeg nisam nikada čuo.

This is a picture of him showing him recovering from surgery.

Ovo je slika njega kako se oporavlja poslije operacije.

Why was he recovering from surgery?

Zašto se oporavlja poslije operacije?

The email began, "Last Tuesday,

E-mail počinje ovako: "Prošlog utorka,

I anonymously donated my right kidney to a stranger.

anonimno sam donirao svoj desni bubreg strancu.

That started a kidney chain

To je pokrenulo lanac darivanja bubrega

which enabled four people to receive kidneys."

koji je omogućio da četiri ljudi primi bubrege."

There's about 100 people each year in the U.S.

To učini otprilike 100 ljudi svake godine u SAD-u

and more in other countries who do that.

i više njih u drugim zemljama.

I was pleased to read it. Chris went on to say

Bilo mi je drago to pročitati. Chris je rekao

that he'd been influenced by my writings in what he did.

da je na njegov čin utjecalo moje pisanje.

Well, I have to admit, I'm also somewhat embarrassed by that,

Pa, moram priznati da se i malo sramim zbog toga,

because I still have two kidneys.

jer ja i dalje imam dva bubrega.

But Chris went on to say that he didn't think

No, Chris je rekao da ne misli

that what he'd done was all that amazing,

da je to što je učinio toliko zadivljujuće,

because he calculated that the number of life-years

jer je izračunao da je broj godina života

that he had added to people, the extension of life,

koje je dodao ljudima, produljenje života,

was about the same that you could achieve

je otprilike onoliko koliko možete postići

if you gave 5,000 dollars to the Against Malaria Foundation.

ukoliko date 5000 dolara Fondaciji protiv malarije.

And that did make me feel a little bit better,

I zbog toga sam se osjećao malo bolje,

because I have given more than 5,000 dollars

jer sam dao više od 5000 dolara

to the Against Malaria Foundation

Fondaciji protiv malarije

and to various other effective charities.

i raznim drugim efektivnim organizacijama.

So if you're feeling bad

Pa, ako se i vi osjećate loše

because you still have two kidneys as well,

jer još imate dva bubrega,

there's a way for you to get off the hook.

postoji način da se tog osjećaja riješite.

Thank you.

Hvala vam.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)