Jackie Savitz: Save the oceans, feed the world!

Prevodilac: Maja Dimitrovska Lektor: Mile Živković

You may be wondering

Možda se pitate,

why a marine biologist from Oceana

zašto bi biolog mora iz Okeane

would come here today to talk to you

došao ovde da sa vama priča

about world hunger.

o gladi u svetu.

I'm here today because

Ovde sam danas jer je

saving the oceans is more than an ecological desire.

spašavanje okeana mnogo više od jedne ekološke želje.

It's more than a thing we're doing

Mnogo je više od onoga što mi radimo,

because we want to create jobs for fishermen

jer želimo da otvorimo poslove za ribare

or preserve fishermen's jobs.

ili da sačuvamo njihove poslove.

It's more than an economic pursuit.

Mnogo je više od same ekonomske težnje.

Saving the oceans can feed the world.

Spašavanje okeana može da nahrani svet.

Let me show you how.

Dopustite mi da vam pokažem kako.

As you know, there are already

Kao što znate, na svetu postoji

more than a billion hungry people on this planet.

već više od milijardu gladnih ljudi.

We're expecting that problem to get worse

Očekujemo da se taj problem pogorša,

as world population grows to nine billion

kako svetska populacija bude došla do devet milijardi

or 10 billion by midcentury,

ili 10 milijardi do sredine veka,

and we can expect to have greater pressure

i mi očekujemo veći pritisak

on our food resources.

na naše resurse hrane.

And this is a big concern,

Ovo je velika briga,

especially considering where we are now.

posebno uzimajući u obzir gde smo sada.

Now we know that our arable land per capita

Sada znamo da je broj obradivih površina po broju glava stanovnika,

is already on the decline

već u opadanju

in both developed and developing countries.

i u razvijenim i u zemljama u razvoju.

We know that we're headed for climate change,

Znamo da nas očekuju klimatske promene,

which is going to change rainfall patterns,

što će promeniti kišne modele,

making some areas drier, as you can see in orange,

i neki predeli će postati suvlji, kao što vidite, narandžaste boje,

and others wetter, in blue,

a drugi vlažniji, plave boje,

causing droughts in our breadbaskets,

što će prouzrokovati suše na našim žitnicama,

in places like the Midwest and Central Europe,

na mestima poput Srednjeg zapada i Centralne Evrope,

and floods in others.

ali i poplave na drugima.

It's going to make it harder for the land

To će sve otežati zemlji

to help us solve the hunger problem.

da nam pomogne da rešimo problem gladi.

And that's why the oceans need to be their most abundant,

I zato je potrebno da okeani budu najbogatiji

so that the oceans can provide us

da bi mogli da nam pruže

as much food as possible.

što je moguće više hrane.

And that's something the oceans have been doing

A okeani to rade za nas

for us for a long time.

već dugo vremena.

As far back as we can go, we've seen an increase

Što se više vratimo u prošlost, vidimo porast

in the amount of food we've been able to harvest

količine hrane koju možemo da uzmemo

from our oceans.

iz okeana.

It just seemed like it was continuing to increase,

I izgledalo je kao da će i dalje da nastavi da se povećava

until about 1980,

do otprilike 1980,

when we started to see a decline.

kada smo počeli da primećujemo pad.

You've heard of peak oil.

Čuli ste za Hubertov vrhunac.

Maybe this is peak fish.

Možda je ovo "vrhunac ribe".

I hope not. I'm going to come back to that.

Nadam se da nije. Vratiću se na ovu temu kasnije.

But you can see about an 18-percent decline

Možete videti pad od 18%

in the amount of fish we've gotten in our world catch

u količini ulovljene ribe na svetu

since 1980.

od 1980. godine.

And this is a big problem. It's continuing.

To je veliki problem. I dalje se nastavlja.

This red line is continuing to go down.

Ova crvena linija nastavlja da pada.

But we know how to turn it around,

Ali mi znamo kako to možemo da ispravimo.

and that's what I'm going to talk about today.

Danas ću govoriti o tome.

We know how to turn that curve back upwards.

Mi znamo kako da ta kriva ponovo počne da se penje.

This doesn't have to be peak fish.

Ovo ne mora da bude "vrhunac ribe".

If we do a few simple things in targeted places,

Ako učinimo nekoliko jednostavnih stvari na određenim mestima,

we can bring our fisheries back and use them

možemo oporaviti ribolov i iskoristiti ga

to feed people.

da nahranimo ljude.

First we want to know where the fish are,

Prvo moramo da znamo gde ima ribe,

so let's look where the fish are.

pa hajde da vidimo gde je to.

It turns out the fish, conveniently,

Ispada, baš zgodno, da se riba

are located for the most part

u najvećem delu, nalazi

in our coastal areas of the countries,

u primorskim krajevima zemalja,

in coastal zones,

u priobalnim zonama,

and these are areas that national jurisdictions

a to su područja na kojima nadležnost imaju

have control over,

same te zemlje,

and they can manage their fisheries

a one mogu da upravljaju svojim ribolovom

in these coastal areas.

u ovim priobalnim zonama.

Coastal countries tend to have jurisdictions

Primorske zemlje, uglavnom, imaju nadležnost

that go out about 200 nautical miles,

do otprilike 200 nautičkih milja,

in areas that are called exclusive economic zones,

u oblastima koje se zovu eksluzivne ekonomske zone,

and this is a good thing that they can control

a to je dobro, da one mogu da kontrolišu

their fisheries in these areas,

svoj ribolov

because the high seas,

u ovim područjima, jer na pučini,

which are the darker areas on this map,

ovim tamnijim područjima na mapi,

the high seas, it's a lot harder to control things,

na pučini je mnogo teže kontrolisati stvari,

because it has to be done internationally.

jer to mora da se radi na međunarodnom nivou.

You get into international agreements,

Zadirete u međunarodne sporazume,

and if any of you are tracking the climate change agreement,

i ako neko ovde prati sporazume o klimatskim promenama

you know this can be a very slow,

znate da ovo može da bude vrlo spor,

frustrating, tedious process.

frustrirajući, dosadan proces.

And so controlling things nationally

Zato je nacionalna kontrola

is a great thing to be able to do.

od velikog značaja i važnosti.

How many fish are actually in these coastal areas

Koliko zapravo ima ribe u primorskim područjima

compared to the high seas?

u odnosu na pučinu?

Well, you can see here about

Pa, ovde se vidi da ima

seven times as many fish in the coastal areas

oko 7 puta više ribe u primorskom području

than there are in the high seas,

nego na pučini,

so this is a perfect place for us to be focusing,

Zato je to odlično mesto da se na njega usredsredimo,

because we can actually get a lot done.

jer možemo stvarno dosta da uradimo.

We can restore a lot of our fisheries

Možemo dosta oporaviti ribolov

if we focus in these coastal areas.

ako se fokusiramo na primorska područja.

But how many of these countries do we have to work in?

Ali, u koliko ovih zemalja moramo da radimo?

There's something like 80 coastal countries.

Ima negde oko 80 primorskih zemalja.

Do we have to fix fisheries management

Da li treba da popravimo upravljanje ribarstvom

in all of those countries?

u svim ovim zemljama?

So we asked ourselves, how many countries

Zato se pitamo, na koliko zemalja

do we need to focus on,

moramo da se fokusiramo,

keeping in mind that the European Union

imajući u vidu da Evropska Unija

conveniently manages its fisheries

upravlja svojim ribolovom

through a common fisheries policy?

zajedničkom politikom ribarstva?

So if we got good fisheries management

Tako, ako imamo dobro upravljanje ribolovom

in the European Union and, say, nine other countries,

u Evropskoj Uniji i recimo u još nekih 9 zemalja,

how much of our fisheries would we be covering?

koliko ribarstva mi treba da pokrijemo?

Turns out, European Union plus nine countries

Ispada da Evropska Unija sa ovih devet zemalja

covers about two thirds of the world's fish catch.

pokriva skoro dve trećine svetskog ulova ribe.

If we took it up to 24 countries plus the European Union,

Ako uzmemo 24 zemlje plus Evropsku Uniju,

we would up to 90 percent,

imamo čak do 90%,

almost all of the world's fish catch.

skoro ceo svetski ulov ribe.

So we think we can work in a limited number of places

Zato mislimo da možemo da radimo na ograničenom broju mesta

to make the fisheries come back.

kako bismo oporavili ribolov.

But what do we have to do in these places?

Ali šta treba da uradimo na tim mestima?

Well, based on our work in the United States

Na osnovu našeg rada u SAD

and elsewhere, we know that there are

i na drugim mestima, znamo da postoje

three key things we have to do

tri ključne stvari koje treba da uradimo

to bring fisheries back, and they are:

da bismo oporavili ribolov, a to su:

We need to set quotas or limits

moramo da postavimo kvote ili granice

on how much we take;

na količinu koju možemo da uzmemo,

we need to reduce bycatch, which is the accidental

moramo da smanjimo otpad, slučajno ulovljenu

catching and killing of fish that we're not targeting,

ili ubijenu ribu koju nismo ciljali da ulovimo,

and it's very wasteful;

a to je vrlo rasipnički;

and three, we need to protect habitats,

i treće, moramo da zaštitimo životnu sredinu,

the nursery areas, the spawning areas

rasadna područja, područja za mrešćenje,

that these fish need to grow and reproduce successfully

jer ta riba mora da raste i da se uspešno reprodukuje

so that they can rebuild their populations.

kako bi mogla da obnovi svoju populaciju.

If we do those three things, we know the fisheries will come back.

Ako bismo uradili ove tri stvari, znamo da bi se ribolov oporavio.

How do we know?

Kako to znamo?

We know because we've seen it happening

Znamo, jer smo videli kako se to dešava

in a lot of different places.

na raznim mestima.

This is a slide that shows

Ovo je slajd koji pokazuje

the herring population in Norway

populaciju haringa u Norveškoj

that was crashing since the 1950s.

koja se smanjivala sve od 1950-ih godina.

It was coming down, and when Norway set limits,

Opadala je, i kad je Norveška postavila ograničenja

or quotas, on its fishery, what happens?

ili kvote na ulov, šta se desilo?

The fishery comes back.

Ribolov se oporavio.

This is another example, also happens to be from Norway,

Ovo je drugi primer, opet iz Norveške.

of the Norwegian Arctic cod.

Norveški arktički bakalar.

Same deal. The fishery is crashing.

Ista stvar. Ulov opada.

They set limits on discards.

Postavljaju ograničenja na otpad.

Discards are these fish they weren't targeting

Otpad je ona riba na koju ne ciljaju pri ribolovu,

and they get thrown overboard wastefully.

i koja se rasipnički baca u more.

When they set the discard limit,

Kada su postavili ograničenja na otpad,

the fishery came back.

ribolov se oporavio.

And it's not just in Norway.

I ne samo u Norveškoj.

We've seen this happening in countries

Videli smo da se ovo dešava u zemljama

all around the world, time and time again.

širom sveta, iznova i iznova.

When these countries step in and they

Kada se ove zemlje uključe

put in sustainable fisheries management policies,

i postave politiku održivog ribolova,

the fisheries, which are always crashing, it seems,

ribarstvo, koje je izgleda uvek u padu,

are starting to come back.

počinje da se oporavlja.

So there's a lot of promise here.

Tako da ovo obećava.

What does this mean for the world fish catch?

Šta ovo znači za svetski ulov ribe?

This means that if we take that fishery catch

To znači, da ako posmatramo ulov ribe

that's on the decline

koji je u padu

and we could turn it upwards, we could increase it

i možemo da to preokrenemo pa počne da raste, možemo

up to 100 million metric tons per year.

da ga povećamo na do 100 miliona metričkih tona godišnje.

So we didn't have peak fish yet.

Dakle, još nismo imali "vrhunac ribe".

We still have an opportunity

Još uvek imamo mogućnost

to not only bring the fish back

ne samo da vratimo ribe

but to actually get more fish

već da, u stvari, dobijemo više ribe

that can feed more people

koja može da nahrani više ljudi

than we currently are now.

nego što možemo danas.

How many more? Right about now,

Koliko više?

we can feed about 450 million people

Sada možemo da nahranimo 450 miliona ljudi

a fish meal a day

po jedan riblji obrok dnevno

based on the current world fish catch,

na osnovu sadašnjeg svetskog ulova ribe,

which, of course, you know is going down,

koji, kako znate, opada,

so that number will go down over time

pa će i taj broj opadati tokom vremena

if we don't fix it,

ako to ne ispravimo,

but if we put fishery management practices

ali ako postavimo praksu upravljanju ribolovom

like the ones I've described in place

sličnu onoj koju sam pre opisala

in 10 to 25 countries,

u 10 do 25 zemalja,

we could bring that number up

mogli bismo da uvećamo taj broj

and feed as many as 700 million people a year

i nahranimo čak 700 miliona ljudi godišnje

a healthy fish meal.

zdravim ribljim obrokom.

We should obviously do this just because

Očigledno treba da uradimo ovo

it's a good thing to deal with the hunger problem,

i samo zašto što je dobro da se nosimo sa problemom gladi,

but it's also cost-effective.

a i zato što je to isplativo.

It turns out fish is the most cost-effective protein

Ispostavilo se da je riba najisplativiji protein

on the planet.

na planeti.

If you look at how much fish protein you get

Ako pogledate koliko ribljeg proteina dobijete

per dollar invested

za uloženi dolar

compared to all of the other animal proteins,

u poređenju sa svim ostalim životinjskim proteinima,

obviously, fish is a good business decision.

očigledno je da je riba dobra poslovna odluka.

It also doesn't need a lot of land,

Nije joj potrebno mnogo zemlje,

something that's in short supply,

što je danas deficitarno,

compared to other protein sources.

u odnosu na druge izvore proteina.

And it doesn't need a lot of fresh water.

I ne treba joj puno sveže vode.

It uses a lot less fresh water than,

Potrebno joj je mnogo manje sveže vode

for example, cattle,

nego, na primer, stoci,

where you have to irrigate a field

gde morate da navodnjavate polja

so that you can grow the food to graze the cattle.

kako bi uzgajali hranu koju stoka pase.

It also has a very low carbon footprint.

Takođe ima vrlo nisku emisiju ugljen-dioksida.

It has a little bit of a carbon footprint

Ima malu emisiju ugljen-dioksida

jer moramo da izađemo na more da bismo ulovili ribu.

because we do have to get out and catch the fish.

It takes a little bit of fuel,

Potrebno je malo goriva,

but as you know, agriculture can have a carbon footprint,

ali kao što znate, poljoprivreda može da ima vrlo visoku emisiju

and fish has a much smaller one,

a ribolov mnogo manju,

so it's less polluting.

pa je i zagađenje manje.

It's already a big part of our diet,

Već zauzima veliki deo naše ishrane,

but it can be a bigger part of our diet,

ali može da postane još veći deo,

which is a good thing, because we know

što je dobro, jer znamo

that it's healthy for us.

da je zdrava za nas.

It can reduce our risks of cancer,

Može da smanji rizik od raka,

heart disease and obesity.

srčanih oboljenja i gojaznosti.

In fact, our CEO Andy Sharpless,

U stvari, naš direktor, Endi Šarples,

who is the originator of this concept, actually,

koji je u stvari tvorac ovog koncepta,

he likes to say fish is the perfect protein.

voli da kaže da je riba savršen protein.

Andy also talks about the fact that

Endi takođe govori o činjenici da je

our ocean conservation movement really grew

naš pokret za očuvanje okeana u stvari proistekao

out of the land conservation movement,

iz pokreta za očuvanje zemljišta,

and in land conservation,

a u očuvanju zemljišta,

we have this problem where biodiversity

imamo problem gde je biodiverzitet

is at war with food production.

u ratu sa proizvodnjom hrane.

You have to cut down the biodiverse forest

Morate da smanjite biodiverzitet šuma

if you want to get the field

ako hoćete da dobijete polje

to grow the corn to feed people with,

za uzgoj kukuruza da bi nahranili ljude

and so there's a constant push-pull there.

tako da tu imamo stalno nadvlačenje.

There's a constant tough decision

Stalno postoji teška odluka

that has to be made between

koju treba doneti između

two very important things:

dve veoma važne stvari:

maintaining biodiversity and feeding people.

kako održati biodiverzitet i kako nahraniti ljude.

But in the oceans, we don't have that war.

Ali u okeanima nemamo tu bitku.

In the oceans, biodiversity is not at war

U okeanima, biodiverzitet nije u suprotnosti

with abundance.

sa izobiljem.

In fact, they're aligned.

U stvari, oni su poravnati.

When we do things that produce biodiversity,

Kada radimo stvari koje proizvode biodiverzitet,

we actually get more abundance,

u stvari imamo i veće izobilje,

and that's important so that we can feed people.

a to je važno, kako bismo nahranili ljude.

Now, there's a catch.

Ali, postoji jedna začkoljica (udica).

Didn't anyone get that? (Laughter)

Zar niste shvatili? (Smeh)

Illegal fishing.

Ilegalno ribarenje.

Illegal fishing undermines the type of

Ilegalno ribarenje podriva tip

sustainable fisheries management I'm talking about.

održivog upravljanja ribolovom, o kome pričam.

It can be when you catch fish using gears

Ilegalan ribolov je kada lovite ribu sa opremom

that have been prohibited,

koja je zabranjena,

when you fish in places where you're not supposed to fish,

kada lovite ribu na mestima na kojima ne bi trebalo,

you catch fish that are the wrong size or the wrong species.

kada lovite ribu pogrešne veličine ili pogrešne vrste.

Illegal fishing cheats the consumer

Ilegalni ribolov vara potrošača,

and it also cheats honest fishermen,

vara poštene ribare,

and it needs to stop.

i mora da prestane.

The way illegal fish get into our market is through seafood fraud.

Ilegalna riba dospeva u naše prodavnice prevarom tržišta morske hrane.

You might have heard about this.

Možda ste čuli o tome.

It's when fish are labeled as something they're not.

To je kada se riba označi kao nešto što ona nije.

Setite se kad ste poslednji put jeli ribu.

Think about the last time you had fish.

What were you eating?

Šta ste jeli?

Are you sure that's what it was?

Da li ste sigurni da je to zaista bilo to?

Because we tested 1,300 different fish samples

Mi smo testirali 1300 uzoraka razne ribe

and about a third of them

i jedna trećina

were not what they were labeled to be.

nije bila to što je bilo na deklaraciji.

Snappers, nine out of 10 snappers were not snapper.

Sneper, devet od deset snepera zapravo nije bilo ta riba.

Fifty-nine percent of the tuna we tested

59% tune koju smo testirali

was mislabeled.

bilo je lažno deklarisano.

And red snapper, we tested 120 samples,

I crveni sneper, testirali smo 120 uzoraka,

and only seven of them were really red snapper,

i samo sedam uzoraka su bili pravi,

so good luck finding a red snapper.

srećno vam kad budete tražili crvenog snepera.

Seafood has a really complex supply chain,

Lanac snabdevanja morskom hranom je vrlo kompleksan,

and at every step in this supply chain,

i na svakom koraku u ovom lancu snabdevanja,

there's an opportunity for seafood fraud,

postoji mogućnost prevare,

unless we have traceability.

sem ako imamo mogućnost da ga ispratimo.

Traceability is a way where the seafood industry

To je kada je industrija morske hrane

can track the seafood from the boat to the plate

u mogućnosti da prati morsku hranu od broda do tanjira

to make sure that the consumer can then find out

da bi bila sigurna da potrošać može da zna

where their seafood came from.

odakle potiče ta hrana.

This is a really important thing.

Ovo je veoma važna stvar.

Neki u industriji morske hrane to rade, ali nedovoljno njih

It's being done by some in the industry, but not enough,

so we're pushing a law in Congress

tako da guramo zakon u Kongresu,

called the SAFE Seafood Act,

Akt o sigurnoj morskoj hrani,

and I'm very excited today to announce the release

i veoma sam uzbuđena što mogu da najavim podnošenje

of a chef's petition, where 450 chefs

kuvarske peticije, gde je 450 kuvara

have signed a petition calling on Congress

potpisalo peticiju kojom poziva Kongres

to support the SAFE Seafood Act.

da podrži Akt o sigurnoj morskoj hrani.

It has a lot of celebrity chefs you may know --

Nju su potpisali mnogi poznati kuvari

Anthony Bourdain, Mario Batali,

koje možda znate - Entoni Burden, Mario Batali,

Barton Seaver and others —

Barton Siver i drugi,

and they've signed it because they believe

a potpisali su je jer veruju

that people have a right to know

da ljudi imaju prava

about what they're eating.

da znaju šta jedu.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

Dopada se i ribarima, pa postoji šansa da možemo

Fishermen like it too, so there's a good chance

we can get the kind of support we need

da dobijemo potrebnu podršku

da proguramo ovaj zakon,

to get this bill through,

and it comes at a critical time,

a on dolazi u kritičnom trenutku,

because this is the way we stop seafood fraud,

jer je to način da zaustavimo prevaru sa morskom hranom,

this is the way we curb illegal fishing,

da zaustavimo ilegalno ribarenje,

and this is the way we make sure

i to je način da budemo sigurni

that quotas, habitat protection,

da kvote, zaštita staništa,

and bycatch reductions can do the jobs

i smanjenje otpada pri ulovu urade posao

they can do.

koji treba.

We know that we can manage our fisheries sustainably.

Znamo da možemo da upravljamo ribolovom na održiv način.

We know that we can produce

Znamo da možemo da proizvedemo

healthy meals for hundreds of millions of people

zdrave obroke za stotine miliona ljudi

that don't use the land, that don't use much water,

za koje nije potrebno zemljište niti mnogo vode,

have a low carbon footprint,

imaju malu emisiju ugljen-dioksida

and are cost-effective.

i koji su vrlo isplativi.

We know that saving the oceans

Znamo da spasavanje okeana

can feed the world,

može da nahrani svet

and we need to start now.

i moramo da počnemo odmah.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

Thank you. (Applause)

Hvala. (Aplauz)