Jackie Savitz: Save the oceans, feed the world!

Prevoditelj: Kalina Matušin Recezent: Ivan Stamenković

You may be wondering

Možda se pitate

why a marine biologist from Oceana

zašto bi morski biolog iz Oceane

would come here today to talk to you

danas stao pred vas da vam govori

about world hunger.

o svjetskoj gladi.

I'm here today because

Danas sam ovdje jer je

saving the oceans is more than an ecological desire.

spašavanje oceana više od ekološke želje.

It's more than a thing we're doing

VIše je od obične stvari kojom se bavimo

because we want to create jobs for fishermen

jer želimo stvoriti radna mjesta za ribare

or preserve fishermen's jobs.

ili održati radna mjesta ribara.

It's more than an economic pursuit.

Više je od gospodarske težnje.

Saving the oceans can feed the world.

Očuvanje oceana može prehraniti svijet.

Let me show you how.

Dopustite mi da vam pokažem kako.

As you know, there are already

Kao što znate, već postoji

more than a billion hungry people on this planet.

više od milijarde gladnih ljudi na svijetu.

We're expecting that problem to get worse

Očekujemo da će se problem pogoršati

as world population grows to nine billion

kako svjetsko stanovništvo dostiže devet milijardi

or 10 billion by midcentury,

ili deset milijardi do sredine stoljeća,

and we can expect to have greater pressure

i možemo očekivati da će doći do većeg pritiska

on our food resources.

na naše izvore hrane.

And this is a big concern,

I to je velik problem,

especially considering where we are now.

posebice ako uzmemo u obzir trenutačnu situaciju.

Now we know that our arable land per capita

Znamo da je obradivo zemljište po glavi stanovnika

is already on the decline

već u padu

in both developed and developing countries.

u razvijenim i državama u razvoju.

We know that we're headed for climate change,

Znamo da idemo ususret klimatskim promjenama

which is going to change rainfall patterns,

koje će promijeniti obrazac padalina,

making some areas drier, as you can see in orange,

zbog čega će neka područja biti suša, označeno narančastom bojom

and others wetter, in blue,

a druga vlažnija, označeno plavom bojom,

causing droughts in our breadbaskets,

prouzrokujući suše na našim žitnicama,

in places like the Midwest and Central Europe,

u mjestima poput Zapadne i Središnje Europe

and floods in others.

i poplave u drugima.

It's going to make it harder for the land

Zemlji će biti teže

to help us solve the hunger problem.

pomoći nam u rješavanju problema gladi.

And that's why the oceans need to be their most abundant,

I zbog toga oceani trebaju ostati bogati,

so that the oceans can provide us

kako bi nam osigurali

as much food as possible.

najveću moguću količinu hrane.

And that's something the oceans have been doing

I to je nešto što oceani rade

for us for a long time.

za nas već dulje vrijeme.

As far back as we can go, we've seen an increase

Koliko god da možemo otići u prošlost, vidjet ćemo porast

in the amount of food we've been able to harvest

u količini hrane koju dobivamo

from our oceans.

iz naših oceana.

It just seemed like it was continuing to increase,

Činilo se kao da će nastaviti rasti

until about 1980,

do oko 1980-ih,

when we started to see a decline.

kada smo počeli uočavati pad.

You've heard of peak oil.

Čuli smo za vrhunac u području nafte.

Maybe this is peak fish.

Možda je ovo vrhunac u ribarstvu.

I hope not. I'm going to come back to that.

Nadam se da ne. Vratit ću se ovome.

But you can see about an 18-percent decline

Ali možete vidjeti pad od oko 18 posto

in the amount of fish we've gotten in our world catch

u količini ribe koju smo dobili iz našeg globalnog ulova.

since 1980.

od 1980.

And this is a big problem. It's continuing.

I to je veliki problem. I nastavlja se.

This red line is continuing to go down.

Crvena linija nastavlja opadati.

But we know how to turn it around,

Ali sada znamo kako ju preusmjeriti,

and that's what I'm going to talk about today.

i o tome ću vam govoriti danas.

We know how to turn that curve back upwards.

Znamo kako izokrenuti smjer krivulje.

This doesn't have to be peak fish.

Ovo ne mora biti vrhunac u području ribe.

If we do a few simple things in targeted places,

Ako učinimo nekoliko jednostavnih stvari na ciljanim mjestima,

we can bring our fisheries back and use them

možemo ponovno pridobiti naše ribe i iskoristiti ih

to feed people.

da prehranimo ljude.

First we want to know where the fish are,

Prvo želimo znati gdje su ribe,

so let's look where the fish are.

pa pogledajmo gdje su.

It turns out the fish, conveniently,

Čini se da ribe, vrlo zgodno,

are located for the most part

provode većinu vremena

in our coastal areas of the countries,

u obalnim područjima naših zemalja.

in coastal zones,

U obalnim područjima

and these are areas that national jurisdictions

a to je područje u nadležnosti države.

have control over,

Država ga kontrolira

and they can manage their fisheries

i upravlja svojim ribarstvom

in these coastal areas.

u obalnim područjima.

Coastal countries tend to have jurisdictions

U obalnim državama obično zakon dopušta

that go out about 200 nautical miles,

plovidbu do 200 nautičkih milja od obale

in areas that are called exclusive economic zones,

u području koje se naziva ekskluzivna gospodarska zona,

and this is a good thing that they can control

i dobro je da mogu kontrolirati

their fisheries in these areas,

svoje ribarske brodove u tom području,

because the high seas,

jer na otvorenom moru,

which are the darker areas on this map,

koje je zacrnjeno na karti,

the high seas, it's a lot harder to control things,

na otvorenom moru, puno je teže kontrolirati situaciju,

because it has to be done internationally.

jer se radi o međunarodnom prostoru.

You get into international agreements,

Dođe do međunarodnih sporazuma

and if any of you are tracking the climate change agreement,

i ako tko od vas prati sporazum o klimatskim promjenama,

you know this can be a very slow,

znate da to može biti vrlo spor,

frustrating, tedious process.

frustrirajuć i zamoran proces.

And so controlling things nationally

Pa je državna kontrola

is a great thing to be able to do.

nešto izvrsno.

How many fish are actually in these coastal areas

Koliko ribe se zapravo nalazi u obalnim područjima

compared to the high seas?

u usporedbi s otvorenim morem?

Well, you can see here about

Pa, možete ovdje vidjeti oko

seven times as many fish in the coastal areas

sedam puta više ribe u obalnom području

than there are in the high seas,

nego na otvorenom moru.

so this is a perfect place for us to be focusing,

Ovo je savršeno mjesto na koje se možemo koncentrirati

because we can actually get a lot done.

jer zapravo možemo puno postići.

We can restore a lot of our fisheries

Možemo obnoviti velik broj ribljih vrsta

if we focus in these coastal areas.

ako se koncentriramo na obalna područja.

But how many of these countries do we have to work in?

Ali u koliko država je potrebno nešto učiniti?

There's something like 80 coastal countries.

Postoji oko 80 obalnih država.

Do we have to fix fisheries management

Moramo li ispraviti način upravljanja ribarstvom

in all of those countries?

u svim tim državama?

So we asked ourselves, how many countries

Pa smo se zato zapitali, na koliko država

do we need to focus on,

se trebamo usredotočiti,

keeping in mind that the European Union

uzimajući u obzir da Europska Unija

conveniently manages its fisheries

vrlo prikladno upravlja svojim ribarstvom

through a common fisheries policy?

preko Zajedničke Ribarske Politike?

So if we got good fisheries management

Znači ako postignemo dobro upravljanje ribarstvom

in the European Union and, say, nine other countries,

u Europskoj Uniji i, recimo, još devet država,

how much of our fisheries would we be covering?

koliko ribe bi pridobili?

Turns out, European Union plus nine countries

Ispostavlja se da Europska Unija, plus onih devet država,

covers about two thirds of the world's fish catch.

pokrivaju oko dvije trećine svjetskog ulova ribe.

If we took it up to 24 countries plus the European Union,

Ako bi uzeli 24 države plus Europska Unija,

we would up to 90 percent,

pokrivali bi 90 posto,

almost all of the world's fish catch.

skoro ukupan globalni ulov.

So we think we can work in a limited number of places

Smatramo da možemo raditi u ograničenom broju mjesta

to make the fisheries come back.

kako bi ponovno pridobili ribu.

But what do we have to do in these places?

Ali što trebamo učiniti u tim mjestima?

Well, based on our work in the United States

Bazirajući se on našem radu u Sjedinjenim Državama

and elsewhere, we know that there are

i drugdje, znamo da postoje

three key things we have to do

tri ključne stvari koje moramo učiniti

to bring fisheries back, and they are:

kako bi obnovili riblje vrste i one su:

We need to set quotas or limits

moramo uspostaviti kvote ili ograničenja

on how much we take;

na količinu ulova;

we need to reduce bycatch, which is the accidental

moramo smanjiti usputni ulov, to jest slučajan

catching and killing of fish that we're not targeting,

ulov i ubijanje krive vrste ribe

and it's very wasteful;

i to je vrlo rasipno;

and three, we need to protect habitats,

i na trećem mjestu, moramo zaštiti staništa,

the nursery areas, the spawning areas

rastilišta, mrijestilišta

that these fish need to grow and reproduce successfully

i te ribe trebaju narasti i uspješno se reproducirati

so that they can rebuild their populations.

kako bi se njihove vrste obnovile.

If we do those three things, we know the fisheries will come back.

Ako učinimo te tri stvari, znamo da će se riblje vrste obnoviti.

How do we know?

Kako to znamo?

We know because we've seen it happening

Znamo jer smo već tome svjedočili

in a lot of different places.

u velikom broju drugih mjesta.

This is a slide that shows

Ovaj dijapozitiv prikazuje

the herring population in Norway

populaciju haringe u Norveškoj

that was crashing since the 1950s.

čiji broj opada od 1950-ih.

It was coming down, and when Norway set limits,

Bilo ih je sve manje i kada je Norveška uspostavila ograničenja,

or quotas, on its fishery, what happens?

ili kvote na ribe u svom području, što se dogodilo?

The fishery comes back.

Riblje su vrste obnovljene.

This is another example, also happens to be from Norway,

Ovo je još jedan primjer, također iz Norveške,

of the Norwegian Arctic cod.

i to norveškog arktičkog bakalara.

Same deal. The fishery is crashing.

Ista stvar. Primjeraka je bilo sve manje.

They set limits on discards.

Ograničili su količinu ribe koja je proglašena otpadom.

Discards are these fish they weren't targeting

Pod ribljim otpadom smatraju se ribe koje nisu ciljane

and they get thrown overboard wastefully.

i koje su bezobzirno bačene s broda.

When they set the discard limit,

Kada su uspostavljena ograničenja za riblji otpad,

the fishery came back.

vrsta se obnovila.

And it's not just in Norway.

I ne samo u Norveškoj.

We've seen this happening in countries

Vidjeli smo istu situaciju u državama

all around the world, time and time again.

na cijelom svijetu, uvijek iznova.

When these countries step in and they

Kada takve države krenu u akciju i

put in sustainable fisheries management policies,

uspostave politike održivog upravljanja ribolovom,

the fisheries, which are always crashing, it seems,

riblje vrste, kojih je , čini se, uvijek sve manje,

are starting to come back.

počnu se obnavljati.

So there's a lot of promise here.

Ovo je obećavajuće.

What does this mean for the world fish catch?

Što to znači za globalni ulov ribe?

This means that if we take that fishery catch

Znači da ako uzmemo riblju vrstu

that's on the decline

and we could turn it upwards, we could increase it

koje je sve manje

i ako situaciju izokrenemo, mogli bi doći do povećanja

up to 100 million metric tons per year.

za do 100 milijuna metričkih tona godišnje.

So we didn't have peak fish yet.

Nismo još doživjeli vrhunac u ribarstvu.

We still have an opportunity

Još uvijek imamo mogućnost

to not only bring the fish back

ne samo da obnovimo riblje vrste

but to actually get more fish

nego da zapravo dobijemo više ribe

that can feed more people

kojom možemo prehraniti ljude

than we currently are now.

How many more? Right about now,

koji sada žive na planetu.

Koliko još? Trenutačno

možemo prehraniti oko 450 milijuna ljudi

we can feed about 450 million people

a fish meal a day

based on the current world fish catch,

jednim ribljim jelom dnevno

bazirajući se na trenutačnom globalnom ulovu ribe,

which, of course, you know is going down,

koji, se naravno, smanjuje

so that number will go down over time

i smanjivati će se s vremenom

if we don't fix it,

ako to ne ispravimo,

but if we put fishery management practices

ali ako uspostavimo prakse upravljanja ribarstvom

like the ones I've described in place

kao one koje sam vam opisala

in 10 to 25 countries,

u 10 do 25 zemalja

we could bring that number up

mogli bismo povećati taj broj

and feed as many as 700 million people a year

i prehraniti do čak 700 milijuna ljudi godišnje

zdravim ribljim jelom.

a healthy fish meal.

We should obviously do this just because

Očito je da bismo to trebali učiniti jer

it's a good thing to deal with the hunger problem,

je dobro suočiti se s problemom gladi,

ali je također i isplativo.

but it's also cost-effective.

It turns out fish is the most cost-effective protein

Čini se da je riba najisplativija bjelančevina

on the planet.

na našem planetu.

If you look at how much fish protein you get

Ako pogledate količinu bjelančevine koju dobijete iz ribe

per dollar invested

po jednom uloženom dolaru

compared to all of the other animal proteins,

uspoređenom sa svim drugim životinjskim bjelančevinama,

obviously, fish is a good business decision.

očito je da je riba dobra poslovna odluka.

It also doesn't need a lot of land,

Također ne zahtjeva veliku količinu zemljišta,

something that's in short supply,

nešto čega imamo u malim zalihama,

compared to other protein sources.

u usporedbi s ostalim izvorima bjelančevina.

I ne treba puno svježe vode.

Koristi puno manje svježe vode nego

And it doesn't need a lot of fresh water.

na primjer, stoka,

It uses a lot less fresh water than,

za koju trebate navodnjavati zemljište

for example, cattle,

kako biste proizveli hranu za ispašu stoke.

where you have to irrigate a field

Također ima vrlo malen ugljični otisak.

so that you can grow the food to graze the cattle.

Ima malen ugljični otisak

It also has a very low carbon footprint.

jer moramo izaći i uloviti ribu.

It has a little bit of a carbon footprint

Potrebna je mala količina goriva,

because we do have to get out and catch the fish.

ali kao što znate, poljoprivreda može imati ugljični otisak,

It takes a little bit of fuel,

a ribarstvo ima puno manji,

but as you know, agriculture can have a carbon footprint,

i zbog toga manje zagađuje.

and fish has a much smaller one,

Već je veliki dio naše prehrane,

so it's less polluting.

ali može biti još veći dio naše prehrane,

It's already a big part of our diet,

što je vrlo dobro, jer znamo

but it can be a bigger part of our diet,

da je dobro za nas.

which is a good thing, because we know

Može smanjiti rizik od raka,

that it's healthy for us.

srčanih bolesti i pretilosti.

It can reduce our risks of cancer,

U stvari, naš direktor Andy Sharpless,

heart disease and obesity.

koji je osmislio ovaj koncept, zapravo,

In fact, our CEO Andy Sharpless,

on voli govoriti da je riba savršena bjelančevina.

who is the originator of this concept, actually,

Andy također govori o činjenici da

he likes to say fish is the perfect protein.

je naš pokret za očuvanje oceana stvarno porastao

Andy also talks about the fact that

iz pokreta za očuvanje zemljišta,

our ocean conservation movement really grew

i u očuvanju zemljišta,

out of the land conservation movement,

postoji problem u kojem je bioraznolikost

and in land conservation,

u ratu sa proizvodnjom hrane.

we have this problem where biodiversity

Morate srušiti šumu koja predstavlja bioraznolikost

is at war with food production.

ako želite doći do zemljišta

You have to cut down the biodiverse forest

da uzgojite kukuruz kako biste njime nahranili ljude

if you want to get the field

i zbog toga dolazi do stalnog efekta gubitak i dobitka.

to grow the corn to feed people with,

Postoji stalna teška odluka

and so there's a constant push-pull there.

koja se mora donijeti između

There's a constant tough decision

dvije vrlo važne stvari:

that has to be made between

održavanje bioraznolikost i prehranjivanje ljudi.

two very important things:

Ali u oceanima, ne postoji takav rat.

maintaining biodiversity and feeding people.

U oceanima, bioraznolikost nije rat

But in the oceans, we don't have that war.

sa izobiljem.

In the oceans, biodiversity is not at war

Zapravo, oni su usklađeni.

with abundance.

Kada postižemo bioraznolikost,

In fact, they're aligned.

dobivamo na izobilju,

When we do things that produce biodiversity,

i to je važno kako bi prehranili ljude.

we actually get more abundance,

I o tome se radi.

and that's important so that we can feed people.

Netko to nije shvatio? (Smijeh)

Now, there's a catch.

Nezakonit ribolov.

Didn't anyone get that? (Laughter)

Nezakonit ribolov potkopava tip

Illegal fishing.

održivog upravljanja ribolovom o kojem vam govorim.

Illegal fishing undermines the type of

Kada ulovite ribu koristeći opremu

sustainable fisheries management I'm talking about.

koja je bila zabranjena,

It can be when you catch fish using gears

kada lovite u mjestima gdje niste smjeli loviti,

that have been prohibited,

ulovite ribu koja je krive veličine ili krive vrste.

when you fish in places where you're not supposed to fish,

Nezakonitim ribolovom se vara potrošač

you catch fish that are the wrong size or the wrong species.

i također se varaju pošteni ribari,

Illegal fishing cheats the consumer

i to moramo zaustaviti.

and it also cheats honest fishermen,

Način na koji ta riba dospije na tržište je preko prijevara.

and it needs to stop.

Možda ste čuli o ovome.

The way illegal fish get into our market is through seafood fraud.

To je kada su ribe označene kao nešto što nisu.

You might have heard about this.

Razmislite o posljednjem putu kada ste jeli ribu.

It's when fish are labeled as something they're not.

Što se jeli?

Think about the last time you had fish.

Jeste li sigurni da je to točno bilo to?

What were you eating?

Jer mi smo testirali 1300 različitih primjerka ribe

Are you sure that's what it was?

i oko trećina

Because we tested 1,300 different fish samples

nije pripadala vrsti kojom je označena.

and about a third of them

Zubatac, devet od deset zubataca nije bilo te vrste.

were not what they were labeled to be.

Pedeset i devet posto tune koju smo testirali

Snappers, nine out of 10 snappers were not snapper.

bila je krivo označena.

Fifty-nine percent of the tuna we tested

I crveni zubatac, testirali smo 120 primjeraka

was mislabeled.

i samo njih sedam su zapravo i bili zubaci,

And red snapper, we tested 120 samples,

pa sretno u pronalaženju zubataca.

and only seven of them were really red snapper,

Morski plodovi imaju vrlo kompleksan opskrbni lanac,

so good luck finding a red snapper.

i na svakom dijelu u ovom lancu,

Seafood has a really complex supply chain,

postoji mogućnost za prijevaru kod morskih plodova

and at every step in this supply chain,

osim ako postignemo sljedivost.

there's an opportunity for seafood fraud,

Sljedivost je način na koji indistrija morskih plodova

unless we have traceability.

može slijediti morske plodove od broda do tanjura

Traceability is a way where the seafood industry

kako bi se osigurala da potrošač može saznati

can track the seafood from the boat to the plate

otkuda proizlaze ti morski plodovi.

to make sure that the consumer can then find out

To je vrlo važna stvar.

where their seafood came from.

To već čine neki u industriji, ali nije ih dovoljno,

This is a really important thing.

pa zbog toga zagovaramo zakon u Kongresu

It's being done by some in the industry, but not enough,

koji se naziva Zakon o Morskim proizvodima,

so we're pushing a law in Congress

i sa zadovoljstvom vam danas najavljujem podnošenje

called the SAFE Seafood Act,

peticije glavnih kuhara, u kojoj je 450 glavnih kuhara

and I'm very excited today to announce the release

potpisalo peticiju kojom poziva Kongres

of a chef's petition, where 450 chefs

da podrži Zakon o Morskim proizvodima.

have signed a petition calling on Congress

Sudjeluje velik broj slavnih glavnih kuhara za koje možda znate

to support the SAFE Seafood Act.

Anthony Bourdain, Mario Batali,

It has a lot of celebrity chefs you may know --

Barton Seaver i drugi,

Anthony Bourdain, Mario Batali,

i oni su je potpisali jer vjeruju

Barton Seaver and others —

da ljudi imaju pravo znati

and they've signed it because they believe

što jedu.

that people have a right to know

(Pljesak)

about what they're eating.

I ribarima se također sviđa, pa postoji dobra vjerojatnost

(Applause)

da ćemo dobiti podršku koja nam je potrebna

Fishermen like it too, so there's a good chance

kako bi se ovaj zakon proveo,

we can get the kind of support we need

i došlo je do njega u ključnom trenutku

to get this bill through,

and it comes at a critical time,

jer je ovo način da zaustavimo prijevaru morskim proizovidma,

ovo je ograničavanje nezakonitog ribolova,

because this is the way we stop seafood fraud,

i ovo je način na koji ćemo osigurati

this is the way we curb illegal fishing,

kvote, zaštitu staništa,

and this is the way we make sure

i smanjenje usputnog ulova i

that quotas, habitat protection,

ono što se time može postići.

and bycatch reductions can do the jobs

Znamo da našim ribarstvom upravljamo na održiv način.

they can do.

Znamo da možemo proizvesti

We know that we can manage our fisheries sustainably.

zdrave obroke za stotine milijuna ljudi

We know that we can produce

koji ne upotrebljavaju zemljišta, ne troše puno vode,

healthy meals for hundreds of millions of people

imaju malen ugljični otisak,

that don't use the land, that don't use much water,

i isplativi su.

have a low carbon footprint,

Znamo da spašavanje oceana

and are cost-effective.

može prehraniti svijet,

We know that saving the oceans

i moramo započeti sada.

can feed the world,

(Pljesak)

and we need to start now.

Hvala vam. (Pljesak)

(Applause)

Thank you. (Applause)