The danger of science denial | Michael Specter

462,933 views ・ 2010-04-12

TED


Please double-click on the English subtitles below to play the video.

Prevodilac: Ivana Korom Lektor: Sandra Gojic
00:15
Let's pretend right here we have a machine.
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Hajde da se pravimo da ovde imamo mašinu,
00:18
A big machine, a cool, TED-ish machine,
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veliku mašinu, kul TED-astu mašinu,
00:20
and it's a time machine.
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koja je vremeplov.
00:22
And everyone in this room has to get into it.
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I svi iz ove prostorije moraju da uđu u nju.
00:24
And you can go backwards, you can go forwards;
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I možete ići nazad, možete ići napred;
00:26
you cannot stay where you are.
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ne možete ostati gde ste.
00:28
And I wonder what you'd choose, because I've been asking my friends
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Pitam se šta biste izabrali, jer u poslednje vreme često
00:30
this question a lot lately and they all want to go back.
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postavljam ovo pitanje svojim prijateljima i svi žele da se vrate nazad.
00:33
I don't know. They want to go back before there were automobiles
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Ne znam. Žele da odu nazad pre nego što je bilo automobila
00:35
or Twitter or "American Idol."
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00:37
I don't know.
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ili Twittera ili emisije "Američki idol".
00:39
I'm convinced that there's some sort of pull
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Ne znam.
Ubeđen sam da postoji nešto što nas vuče
00:41
to nostalgia, to wishful thinking.
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u nostalgiju, u maštanje.
00:43
And I understand that.
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I razumem to.
00:45
I'm not part of that crowd, I have to say.
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Nisam deo te gomile, moram priznati.
00:48
I don't want to go back, and it's not because I'm adventurous.
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Ne želim da se vratim i to ne zato što sam avanturista -
00:50
It's because possibilities on this planet,
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nego zato što mogućnosti na ovoj planeti
00:52
they don't go back, they go forward.
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ne idu unazad, idu napred.
00:54
So I want to get in the machine, and I want to go forward.
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Dakle, želim da uđem u vremeplov i odem napred.
00:57
This is the greatest time there's ever been on this planet
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Ovo je do sada najbolje vreme na ovoj planeti
01:00
by any measure that you wish to choose:
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po bilo kom kriterijumu koji odaberete:
01:02
health, wealth,
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zdravlju, bogatstvu,
01:04
mobility, opportunity,
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pokretljivosti, šansama,
01:06
declining rates of disease ...
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opadajućoj stopi bolesti.
01:08
There's never been a time like this.
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Nikada nije bilo ovakvo vreme.
01:10
My great-grandparents died, all of them,
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Moji pradede i prababe su svi umrli
01:12
by the time they were 60.
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do svojih šezdesetih.
01:14
My grandparents pushed that number to 70.
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Moji babe i dede su pomerili taj broj do 70.
01:16
My parents are closing in on 80.
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Moji roditelji se približavaju osamdesetim.
01:18
So there better be
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Bolje da bude broj
01:21
a nine at the beginning of my death number.
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9 na početku broja mojih godina smrti.
01:24
But it's not even about people like us,
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Ali ne radi se ni o ljudima kao što smo mi,
01:26
because this is a bigger deal than that.
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jer ovo je mnogo veće od toga.
01:29
A kid born in New Delhi today
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Dete rođeno danas u Nju Delhiju
01:31
can expect to live as long as
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može očekivati da će živeti isto
01:33
the richest man in the world did 100 years ago.
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koliko i najbogatiji čovek sveta pre 100 godina.
01:35
Think about that, it's an incredible fact.
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Razmislite o tome. To je neverovatna činjenica.
01:37
And why is it true?
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A zašto je to istina?
01:39
Smallpox. Smallpox killed billions
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Boginje. Boginje su ubile milijarde
01:41
of people on this planet.
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ljudi na ovoj planeti.
01:43
It reshaped the demography of the globe
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Preoblikovale su demografsku sliku planete
01:45
in a way that no war ever has.
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kao nijedan rat.
01:47
It's gone. It's vanished.
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Nestale su. Nema ih.
01:49
We vanquished it. Puff.
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Pobedili smo ih. Puf.
01:51
In the rich world,
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U bogatom svetu,
bolesti koje su pretile milionima ljudi samo pre jedne generacije
01:53
diseases that threatened millions of us just a generation ago
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01:56
no longer exist, hardly.
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više ne postoje, skoro uopšte.
01:58
Diphtheria, rubella, polio ...
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Difterija, rubeola, poliomielitis...
02:00
does anyone even know what those things are?
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zna li neko uopšte šta su te stvari?
02:03
Vaccines, modern medicine,
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Vakcine, moderna medicina,
02:06
our ability to feed billions of people,
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naša sposobnost da nahranimo milijarde ljudi,
02:08
those are triumphs of the scientific method.
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to su dostignuća naučnih metoda.
02:10
And to my mind, the scientific method --
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Po mom mišljenju, naučni metod,
02:12
trying stuff out,
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isprobavanje stvari,
02:14
seeing if it works, changing it when it doesn't --
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proveravanje da li rade, menjanje kad ne rade,
02:17
is one of the great accomplishments of humanity.
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to je jedno od najvećih dostignuća čovečanstva.
02:19
So that's the good news.
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Dakle, to su dobre vesti.
02:21
Unfortunately, that's all the good news
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Nažalost, to je sve od dobrih vesti
02:23
because there are some other problems, and they've been mentioned many times.
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jer postoje neki drugi problemi, koji su pominjani mnogo puta,
02:26
And one of them is that
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a jedan je od njih je taj
02:28
despite all our accomplishments,
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da uprkos mnogim dostignućima,
02:30
a billion people go to bed hungry
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milijarda ljudi na svetu ide
02:32
in this world every day.
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na spavanje gladna, svakog dana.
02:34
That number's rising, and it's rising really rapidly, and it's disgraceful.
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Taj broj raste i raste veoma brzo i to je sramota.
02:37
And not only that, we've used our imagination
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I ne samo to, iskoristili smo maštu
02:40
to thoroughly trash this globe.
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da temeljno uništimo ovu planetu.
02:42
Potable water, arable land,
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Vodovod, obradiva zemlja,
02:44
rainforests, oil, gas:
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prašume, nafta, gas:
02:46
they're going away, and they're going away soon,
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oni nestaju i nestaće uskoro
02:49
and unless we innovate our way out of this mess,
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i ukoliko ne izmislimo izlaz iz tog haosa
02:52
we're going away too.
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i mi ćemo nestati.
02:54
So the question is: Can we do that? And I think we can.
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Znači, pitanje je: možemo li mi to? Ja mislim da možemo.
02:57
I think it's clear that we can make food
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Mislim da je očigledno da možemo da napravimo hranu
02:59
that will feed billions of people without raping the land that they live on.
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koja će nahraniti milijarde ljudi, bez silovanja zemlje na kojoj žive.
03:02
I think we can power this world with energy
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Mislim da možemo da snabdemo svet energijom
03:04
that doesn't also destroy it.
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koja ga u isto vreme ne uništava.
03:06
I really do believe that, and, no, it ain't wishful thinking.
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Zaista verujem u to i ne, to nije maštanje.
03:09
But here's the thing that keeps me up at night --
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Ali postoji nešto što me drži budnim noću -
03:12
one of the things that keeps me up at night:
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jedna od stvari koje me drže budnim.
03:16
We've never needed progress in science more than we need it right now. Never.
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Nikada nam napredak u nauci nije bio potrebniji nego sada,
03:19
And we've also never been in a position
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a isto tako nismo nikada bili u poziciji
03:21
to deploy it properly in the way that we can today.
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da je razvijemo na pravi način, kao što smo danas.
03:23
We're on the verge of amazing, amazing events
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Na ivici smo neverovatnih događaja
03:26
in many fields,
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na mnogim poljima.
03:28
and yet I actually think we'd have to go back
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Ali opet, mislim da bismo morali da se vratimo
03:30
hundreds, 300 years, before the Enlightenment,
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nazad stotinama godina, 300 godina, pre prosvetiteljstva,
03:33
to find a time when we battled progress,
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da nađemo vreme kada smo se borili sa napretkom,
03:36
when we fought about these things
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kada smo se borili za ove stvari
03:38
more vigorously, on more fronts, than we do now.
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energičnije, na više frontova, nego što to činimo danas.
03:41
People wrap themselves in their beliefs,
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Ljudi toliko urone u svoja uverenja
03:43
and they do it so tightly that you can't set them free.
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i to tako snažno da ih ne možete osloboditi.
03:46
Not even the truth will set them free.
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Ni istina ih ne može osloboditi.
03:48
And, listen, everyone's entitled to their opinion;
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I slušajte, svako ima prava na svoje mišljenje;
03:51
they're even entitled to their opinion about progress.
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čak i svoje mišljenje o napretku,
03:53
But you know what you're not entitled to?
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ali znate na šta nemate prava?
03:55
You're not entitled to your own facts. Sorry, you're not.
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Nemate prava na sopstvene činjenice. Žao mi je, nemate.
03:58
And this took me awhile to figure out.
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Bilo mi je potrebno vremena da ovo shvatim.
04:00
About a decade ago, I wrote a story about vaccines
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Pre nekih deset godina, pisao sam o vakcinama
04:02
for The New Yorker. A little story.
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kratku priču, za "New Yorker".
04:04
And I was amazed to find opposition:
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I bio sam zapanjen protivljenjima
04:06
opposition to what is, after all,
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nečemu što je ipak
04:09
the most effective public health measure in human history.
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najefektnija mera javnog zdravlja u ljudskoj istoriji.
04:12
I didn't know what to do,
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Nisam znao šta da radim,
04:14
so I just did what I do: I wrote a story and I moved on.
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pa sam uradio ono što i radim, napisao priču i nastavio.
04:17
And soon after that,
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Ubrzo posle toga
04:20
I wrote a story about genetically engineered food.
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napisao sam priču o genetski modifikovanoj hrani.
04:22
Same thing, only bigger.
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Ista stvar, samo veća.
04:24
People were going crazy.
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Ljudi su ludeli.
04:26
So I wrote a story about that too,
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Pa sam i o tome napisao priču
04:28
and I couldn't understand why
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i nisam mogao da razumem zašto
04:30
people thought this was "Frankenfoods,"
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su ljudi mislili da je to "frankenhrana",
04:32
why they thought moving molecules around
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zašto misle da je razmeštanje molekula
04:34
in a specific, rather than a haphazard way,
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na određen, a ne na slučajan način,
04:37
was trespassing on nature's ground.
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prelaženje granica prirode.
04:40
But, you know, I do what I do. I wrote the story, I moved on.
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Ali, znate, ja radim ono što radim. Napisao sam priču, nastavio sam.
04:42
I mean, I'm a journalist.
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Mislim, ja sam novinar;
04:44
We type, we file, we go to dinner. It's fine.
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mi kucamo, sačuvamo, odemo na večeru, sve je super.
04:47
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
04:50
But these stories bothered me,
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Ali te priče mi nisu dale mira,
04:52
and I couldn't figure out why, and eventually I did.
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nisam mogao da shvatim zašto, ali na kraju sam shvatio.
04:54
And that's because those fanatics that were driving me crazy
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A to je zato što ti fanatici koji su me izluđivali
04:57
weren't actually fanatics at all.
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ustvari uopšte nisu fanatici.
04:59
They were thoughtful people, educated people, decent people.
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To su brižni ljudi, obrazovani, pristojni.
05:02
They were exactly like the people in this room.
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Jednaki ljudima iz ove prostorije.
05:06
And it just disturbed me so much.
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To me je mnogo uznemiravalo.
05:08
But then I thought, you know, let's be honest.
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ali onda sam pomislio, budimo iskreni:
05:11
We're at a point in this world
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nalazimo se u momentu
05:13
where we don't have the same relationship to progress that we used to.
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u kome nemamo isti odnos prema napretku kao što smo imali.
05:16
We talk about it ambivalently.
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Pričamo o tome sa ambivalencijom.
05:18
We talk about it in ironic terms with little quotes around it:
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Pričamo o tome ironično, sa navodnicima:
05:20
"progress."
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"Napredak".
05:23
Okay, there are reasons for that, and I think we know what those reasons are.
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OK, postoje razlozi za to i mislim da znamo koji su.
05:26
We've lost faith in institutions,
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Izgubili smo veru u institucije,
05:28
in authority,
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u autoritet,
05:30
and sometimes in science itself,
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ponekad i u samu nauku,
05:32
and there's no reason we shouldn't have.
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i zašto i ne bismo.
05:34
You can just say a few names
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Možete navesti nekoliko imena
05:36
and people will understand.
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i ljudi će razumeti.
05:38
Chernobyl, Bhopal, the Challenger,
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Černobil, Bopal, "Challenger",
05:41
Vioxx, weapons of mass destruction,
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Vioxx (lek za artritis), oružje masovnog uništenja,
05:44
hanging chads.
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birački listići.
05:46
You know, you can choose your list.
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Mislim, možete sami napraviti svoju listu.
05:49
There are questions and problems
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Postoje pitanja i problemi
05:51
with the people we used to believe were always right,
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u vezi s ljudima za koje smo mislili da su uvek u pravu.
05:53
so be skeptical.
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Pa budite skeptični.
05:56
Ask questions, demand proof, demand evidence.
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Postavljajte pitanja, zahtevajte dokaze, zahtevajte činjenice.
05:59
Don't take anything for granted.
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Ne uzimajte ništa zdravo za gotovo.
06:01
But here's the thing: When you get proof,
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Ali stvar je u sledećem: kada dobijete dokaz,
06:04
you need to accept the proof, and we're not that good at doing that.
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morate ga prihvatiti, a u tome nismo baš tako dobri.
06:07
And the reason that I can say that is because
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Ovo govorim iz razloga
06:09
we're now in an epidemic of fear
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što se sada nalazimo u epidemiji straha
06:11
like one I've never seen and hope never to see again.
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kakvu nikada nisam video i nadam se da više neću ni videti.
06:14
About 12 years ago, there was a story published,
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Pre oko 12 godina objavljena je priča,
06:16
a horrible story,
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užasna priča,
06:18
that linked the epidemic of autism
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koja je povezala epidemiju autizma
06:21
to the measles, mumps and rubella vaccine shot.
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sa vakcinom protiv malih boginja, zauški i rubeole.
06:24
Very scary.
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Veoma strašno.
06:26
Tons of studies were done to see if this was true.
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Gomile studija je urađeno da se proveri istinitost ovoga.
06:29
Tons of studies should have been done; it's a serious issue.
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Trebalo je uraditi mnogo studija; ovo je ozbiljna stvar.
06:32
The data came back.
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Stigli su podaci.
06:34
The data came back from the United States, from England,
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Stigli su podaci iz Sjedinjenih Država, iz Engleske,
06:36
from Sweden, from Canada,
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Švedske, Kanade
06:38
and it was all the same: no correlation,
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i svi su bili isti, nema korelacije,
06:40
no connection, none at all.
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ne postoji uopšte nikakva veza.
06:42
It doesn't matter. It doesn't matter
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To nije bitno. Nije bitno
06:44
because we believe anecdotes,
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jer mi verujemo u anegdote,
06:46
we believe what we see, what we think we see,
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verujemo u ono što vidimo, u ono što mislimo da vidimo,
06:48
what makes us feel real.
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što čini da se osećamo stvarno.
06:50
We don't believe a bunch of documents
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Ne verujemo u gomile dokumenata
06:52
from a government official giving us data,
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u kojima nam vladini službenici daju podatke
06:54
and I do understand that, I think we all do.
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i to zaista razumem, mislim da svi razumemo.
06:56
But you know what?
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Ali znate šta?
06:58
The result of that has been disastrous.
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Rezultat toga je katastrofalan,
07:00
Disastrous because here's a fact:
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katastrofalan, jer evo činjenice:
07:03
The United States is one of the only countries in the world
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Sjedinjene Države su jedna od malo država na svetu
07:05
where the vaccine rate for measles is going down.
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u kojoj stopa vakcinacije protiv malih boginja opada.
07:08
That is disgraceful,
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To je sramota
07:10
and we should be ashamed of ourselves.
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i trebalo bi da se stidimo sebe.
07:12
It's horrible.
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To je užasno.
07:14
What kind of a thing happened
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Šta se desilo
07:16
that we could do that?
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pa da uradimo to.
07:18
Now, I understand it. I do understand it.
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Ja to razumem. Zaista razumem.
07:21
Because, did anyone have measles here?
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Jer, da li neko ovde ima boginje?
07:23
Has one person in this audience ever seen someone die of measles?
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Da li je neko iz ove publike video da je neko umro od boginja?
07:26
Doesn't happen very much.
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To se ne dešava baš mnogo.
07:28
Doesn't happen in this country at all,
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U ovoj zemlji se uopšte ne dešava,
07:30
but it happened 160,000 times in the world last year.
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ali desilo se 160 000 puta u svetu prošle godine.
07:32
That's a lot of death of measles --
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To je mnogo smrti od boginja,
07:34
20 an hour.
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20 na sat.
07:36
But since it didn't happen here, we can put it out of our minds,
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Ali pošto se nije desilo ovde, možemo da ne mislimo na to,
07:39
and people like Jenny McCarthy
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a ljudi kao Dženi Mekarti
07:41
can go around preaching messages
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mogu da idu okolo i šire poruke
07:43
of fear and illiteracy from platforms
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straha i neznanja sa mesta
07:45
like "Oprah" and "Larry King Live."
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kao što su "Opra" ili "Leri King uživo".
07:48
And they can do it because
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A to mogu da rade
07:50
they don't link causation and correlation.
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jer ne povezuju uzročnost i korelaciju.
07:52
They don't understand that these things seem the same,
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Ne razumeju da ove stvari izgledaju isto,
07:55
but they're almost never the same.
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ali skoro nikada nisu iste.
07:57
And it's something we need to learn, and we need to learn it really soon.
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I to je nešto što moramo da naučimo i to vrlo brzo.
08:00
This guy was a hero, Jonas Salk.
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Ovaj momak je bio heroj, Džonas Salk.
08:03
He took one of the worst scourges of mankind away from us.
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On je uklonio jednu od najvećih muka čovečanstva.
08:06
No fear, no agony. Polio -- puff, gone.
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Nema straha, agonije, poliomielitis - puf, nestao.
08:09
That guy in the middle, not so much.
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Taj lik u sredini i nije toliko uspeo.
08:12
His name is Paul Offit.
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Zove se Pol Ofit.
08:14
He just developed a rotavirus vaccine with a bunch of other people.
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On je sa gomilom drugih ljudi samo pronašao vakcinu za rotavirus.
08:16
It'll save the lives of 400 to 500,000 kids
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To spašava živote 400, 500 000 dece
08:19
in the developing world every year.
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u zemljama u razvoju svake godine.
08:21
Pretty good, right?
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Prilično dobro, zar ne?
08:23
Well, it's good, except that Paul goes around talking about vaccines
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Pa dobro je, ali Pol ide okolo i priča o vakcinama
08:25
and says how valuable they are
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i o tome koliko su vredne
08:27
and that people ought to just stop the whining.
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i da bi ljudi trebalo da prestanu s kukanjem.
08:29
And he actually says it that way.
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To kaže baš na taj način.
08:31
So, Paul's a terrorist.
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Dakle, Pol je terorista.
08:34
When Paul speaks in a public hearing,
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Kada Pol govori na javnom saslušanju,
08:36
he can't testify without armed guards.
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ne može da svedoči bez naoružanih čuvara.
08:38
He gets called at home
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Zovu ga kući
08:40
because people like to tell him
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jer ljudi vole da mu kažu
08:42
that they remember where his kids go to school.
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da znaju gde njegova deca idu u školu.
08:44
And why? Because Paul made a vaccine.
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A zašto? Jer je Pol napravio vakcinu.
08:47
I don't need to say this, but vaccines are essential.
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Ne moram ovo da kažem, ali vakcine su potrebne.
08:50
You take them away, disease comes back,
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Ako ih ukinete, bolesti se vrate,
08:52
horrible diseases. And that's happening.
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užasne bolesti i to se dešava.
08:55
We have measles in this country now.
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Sada u ovoj zemlji imamo boginje.
08:57
And it's getting worse, and pretty soon kids
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I pogoršava se i uskoro će deca
08:59
are going to die of it again because it's just a numbers game.
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opet početi da umiru od njih jer je to igra brojeva.
09:01
And they're not just going to die of measles.
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I neće umreti samo od boginja.
09:03
What about polio? Let's have that. Why not?
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Šta je sa poliom? Uzmimo i to. Što da ne?
09:05
A college classmate of mine wrote me a couple weeks ago and said
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Jedna koleginica sa fakulteta mi je pisala pre par nedelja
09:08
she thought I was a little strident.
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i rekla je da sam malo kreštav.
09:10
No one's ever said that before.
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Niko to pre nije rekao.
09:13
She wasn't going to vaccinate her kid against polio,
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Ona nije nameravala da vakciniše svoje dete protiv polia.
09:15
no way.
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Nema šanse.
09:17
Fine.
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Dobro.
09:19
Why? Because we don't have polio. And you know what?
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Zašto? Zato što toga nema kod nas. I znate šta?
09:21
We didn't have polio in this country yesterday.
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Nije ga bilo juče.
09:24
Today, I don't know, maybe a guy got on a plane in Lagos this morning,
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Danas, ne znam, možda je neki tip jutros seo u avion u Lagosu
09:27
and he's flying to LAX, right now he's over Ohio.
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i sleteće u Los Anđeles, upravo sada je iznad Ohaja.
09:29
And he's going to land in a couple of hours, he's going to rent a car,
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Sleteće za nekoliko sati, iznajmiti auto
09:32
and he's going to come to Long Beach,
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i doći će u Long Bič
09:34
and he's going to attend one of these fabulous TED dinners tonight.
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i prisustvovaće jednoj od ovih divnih TED večera večeras.
09:37
And he doesn't know that he's infected with a paralytic disease,
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I on ne zna da je inficiran parališućom bolešću,
09:40
and we don't either because that's the way the world works.
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a ne znamo ni mi, jer svet tako funkcioniše.
09:43
That's the planet we live on. Don't pretend it isn't.
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Na takvoj planeti živimo. Ne pretvarajte se da nije tako.
09:46
Now, we love to wrap ourselves in lies. We love to do it.
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Sad, mi volimo da se umotavamo u laži. Obožavamo.
09:49
Everyone take their vitamins this morning?
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Da li ste svi uzeli vitamine jutros?
09:51
Echinacea, a little antioxidant
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Malo antioksidanta,
09:53
to get you going.
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da vas pokrenu?
09:55
I know you did because half of Americans do every day.
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Znam da jeste, jer polovina Amerikanaca ih uzima svakog dana.
09:58
They take the stuff, and they take alternative medicines,
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Uzimaju te stvari i uzimaju alternativne lekove,
10:01
and it doesn't matter how often
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nebitno koliko puta
10:03
we find out that they're useless.
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otkrijemo da su beskorisni.
10:05
The data says it all the time.
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Podaci to stalno govore.
10:07
They darken your urine. They almost never do more than that.
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Oni potamnjuju vaš urin. Skoro nikad ne rade više od toga.
10:10
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
10:12
It's okay, you want to pay 28 billion dollars for dark urine?
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U redu je, ako želite da plaćate 28 milijardi dolara za taman urin,
10:15
I'm totally with you.
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potpuno vas podržavam.
10:17
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
10:19
Dark urine. Dark.
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Taman urin. Taman.
10:22
Why do we do that? Why do we do that?
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Zašto to radimo? Zašto?
10:24
Well, I think I understand, we hate Big Pharma.
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Pa, mislim da razumem, mrzimo velike farmaceute.
10:26
We hate Big Government. We don't trust the Man.
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Mrzimo veliku vladu. Ne verujemo čoveku.
10:28
And we shouldn't: Our health care system sucks.
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I ne bi ni trebalo. Naš zdravstveni sistem je loš.
10:31
It's cruel to millions of people.
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Surov je prema milionima ljudi.
10:33
It's absolutely astonishingly cold
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Potpuno je zaprepašćujuće hladan
10:36
and soul-bending to those of us who can even afford it.
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i surov prema nama koji možemo da ga priuštimo.
10:39
So we run away from it, and where do we run?
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Tako da onda bežimo od njega, a gde bežimo?
10:42
We leap into the arms of Big Placebo.
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Skačemo u ruke velikog placeba.
10:44
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
10:47
That's fantastic. I love Big Placebo.
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To je fantastično. Obožavam veliki placebo.
10:49
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
10:54
But, you know, it's really a serious thing
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Ali znate, to je ozbiljna stvar,
10:57
because this stuff is crap,
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jer te stvari su sranje,
10:59
and we spend billions of dollars on it.
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a mi trošimo milijarde dolara na to.
11:01
And I have all sorts of little props here.
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Imam svakakve stvari ovde.
11:04
None of it ... ginkgo, fraud;
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Ništa od toga - ginko, prevara,
11:06
echinacea, fraud;
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biljni lek protiv gripe, prevara,
11:08
acai -- I don't even know what that is
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akai, ne znam ni šta je to
11:10
but we're spending billions of dollars on it -- it's fraud.
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ali trošimo milijarde dolara na njega, to je prevara.
11:13
And you know what? When I say this stuff, people scream at me,
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I znate šta? Kada to kažem ljudi viču na mene,
11:15
and they say, "What do you care? Let people do what they want to do.
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i kažu, "Šta tebe briga? Pusti ljude da rade šta žele,
11:18
It makes them feel good."
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osećaju se dobro zbog toga."
11:20
And you know what? You're wrong.
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I znate šta? Niste u pravu.
11:22
Because I don't care
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Jer ne zanima me
11:24
if it's the secretary of HHS
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i da je sekretar za zdravstvo
11:26
who's saying, "Hmm, I'm not going to take the evidence
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taj koji kaže: "Hmm, neću poslušati dokaze
11:29
of my experts on mammograms,"
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svojih stručnjaka za mamograme",
11:31
or some cancer quack who wants to treat his patient
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ili neki šarlatan za rak koji želi da leči svog pacijenta
11:34
with coffee enemas.
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klistirom od kafe.
11:36
When you start down the road
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Kada krenete putem
11:38
where belief and magic replace evidence and science,
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na kom verovanja i magija zamenjuju dokaze i nauku,
11:41
you end up in a place you don't want to be.
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završite na mestu gde ne želite da budete.
11:43
You end up in Thabo Mbeki South Africa.
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Završite u Tabo Mbeki u Južnoj Africi.
11:45
He killed 400,000 of his people
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On je ubio 400 000 ljudi svog naroda
11:48
by insisting that beetroot,
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insistirajući da su koren repe,
11:50
garlic and lemon oil
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beli luk i ulje od limuna
11:52
were much more effective than the antiretroviral drugs
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mnogo efektniji nego antiretrovirus
11:54
we know can slow the course of AIDS.
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za koji znamo da može da uspori tok SIDE.
11:56
Hundreds of thousands of needless deaths
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Stotine hiljada bespotrebnih smrti
11:58
in a country that has been plagued
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u zemlji koja je zaražena
12:01
worse than any other by this disease.
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ovom bolešću više nego ijedna druga.
12:03
Please, don't tell me
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Molim vas nemojte mi reći
12:05
there are no consequences to these things.
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da nema posledica ovakvih stvari.
12:07
There are. There always are.
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Ima ih. Uvek ih ima.
12:09
Now, the most mindless epidemic
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Sad, najbezumnija epidemija u kojoj se trenutno nalazimo
12:11
we're in the middle of right now
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12:13
is this absurd battle
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je ova apsurdna borba
12:15
between proponents of genetically engineered food
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između zagovornika genetski modifikovane hrane
12:18
and the organic elite.
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i elite organske hrane.
12:20
It's an idiotic debate. It has to stop.
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To je idiotska rasprava. Mora da prestane.
12:22
It's a debate about words, about metaphors.
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To je rasprava o rečima, o metaforama.
12:25
It's ideology, it's not science.
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To je ideologija, ne nauka.
12:27
Every single thing we eat, every grain of rice,
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Svaku stvar koju jedemo, svako zrno pirinča,
12:29
every sprig of parsley,
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svaki listić peršuna,
12:31
every Brussels sprout
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svaki prokelj
12:33
has been modified by man.
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je čovek već izmenio.
12:35
You know, there weren't tangerines in the garden of Eden.
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Znate, u rajskom vrtu nisu postojale mandarine.
12:37
There wasn't any cantaloupe. (Laughter)
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Nisu postojale dinje.
12:39
There weren't Christmas trees. We made it all.
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Nije bilo božićnih jelki. Mi smo sve to napravili.
12:42
We made it over the last 11,000 years.
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Napravili smo sve to u toku poslednjih 11 000 godina.
12:45
And some of it worked, and some of it didn't.
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Nešto je uspelo, nešto nije.
12:47
We got rid of the stuff that didn't.
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Otarasili smo se stvari koje nisu uspele.
12:49
Now we can do it in a more precise way --
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Sada to možemo da činimo još preciznije.
12:51
and there are risks, absolutely --
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Postoje rizici, naravno.
12:53
but we can put something like vitamin A into rice,
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Ali možemo staviti vitamin A u pirinač
12:56
and that stuff can help millions of people,
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i to može pomoći milionima ljudi,
12:59
millions of people, prolong their lives.
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milionima ljudi može produžiti život.
13:02
You don't want to do that?
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Ne želite to da radite?
13:04
I have to say, I don't understand it.
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Moram reći da ne razumem.
13:07
We object to genetically engineered food.
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Protivimo se genetskom modifikovanju hrane.
13:09
Why do we do that?
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Zašto to činimo?
13:11
Well, the things I constantly hear are:
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Pa, stvari koje stalno čujem su:
13:13
Too many chemicals,
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previše hemikalija,
13:15
pesticides, hormones,
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pesticidi, hormoni,
13:17
monoculture, we don't want giant fields
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monokulture, ne želimo ogromna polja
13:19
of the same thing, that's wrong.
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iste stvati, to je pogrešno.
13:21
We don't companies patenting life.
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Ne želimo da kompanije patentiraju život.
13:23
We don't want companies owning seeds.
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Ne želimo da kompanije poseduju semena.
13:25
And you know what my response to all of that is?
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I znate koji je moj odgovor na sve to?
13:27
Yes, you're right. Let's fix it.
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Da, u pravu ste. Hajde da to popravimo.
13:30
It's true, we've got a huge food problem,
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Istina je, imamo ogroman problem sa hranom,
13:32
but this isn't science.
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ali ovo nije nauka.
13:34
This has nothing to do with science.
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To nema nikakve veze sa naukom.
13:36
It's law, it's morality, it's patent stuff.
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To je zakon, moral, stvar patenta.
13:39
You know science isn't a company.
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Znate nauka nije neka kompanija.
13:41
It's not a country.
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To nije država.
13:43
It's not even an idea; it's a process.
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Nije čak ni ideja; to je proces.
13:46
It's a process, and sometimes it works and sometimes it doesn't,
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To je proces i nekada uspeva, nekada ne,
13:49
but the idea that we should not allow
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ali ideja da ne treba da dozvolimo
13:52
science to do its job
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da nauka radi svoj posao
13:54
because we're afraid,
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jer se plašimo,
13:56
is really very deadening,
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je stvarno vrlo smrtonosna
13:58
and it's preventing millions of people
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i sprečava da milioni ljudi napreduju.
14:00
from prospering.
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14:02
You know, in the next 50 years
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Znate, u narednih 50 godina
14:04
we're going to have to grow 70 percent more food than we do right now,
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moraćemo da gajimo 70% više hrane nego sada,
14:07
70 percent.
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70%.
14:09
This investment in Africa over the last 30 years.
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Ovo je ulaganje u Afriku u poslednjih 30 godina.
14:12
Disgraceful. Disgraceful.
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Sramotno. Sramotno.
14:14
They need it, and we're not giving it to them.
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Njima je to potrebno, a mi im ne dajemo.
14:16
And why? Genetically engineered food.
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Zašto? Genetski modifikovana hrana.
14:19
We don't want to encourage people
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Ne želimo da podstičemo ljude
14:21
to eat that rotten stuff, like cassava for instance.
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da jedu te užasne stvari, kao što je maniok na primer.
14:24
Cassava's something that half a billion people eat.
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Maniok je nešto što jede pola milijarde ljudi.
14:26
It's kind of like a potato.
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Liči na krompir.
14:28
It's just a bunch of calories. It sucks.
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Samo gomila kalorija. Odvratno je.
14:30
It doesn't have nutrients, it doesn't have protein,
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Nema ništa hranljivo, proteine,
14:32
and scientists are engineering
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a naučnici upravo
14:34
all of that into it right now.
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ubacuju sve to unutra.
14:36
And then people would be able to eat it and they'd be able to not go blind.
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I onda će ljudi moći to da jedu, a da ne oslepe.
14:39
They wouldn't starve, and you know what?
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Neće gladovati, i znate šta?
14:41
That would be nice. It wouldn't be Chez Panisse,
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To bi bilo lepo.
Ne bi bilo kao u fensi restoranu, ali bi bilo lepo.
14:44
but it would be nice.
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14:48
And all I can say about this is:
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I sve što ja imam da kažem o tome je:
14:50
Why are we fighting it?
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zašto se borimo protiv toga?
14:52
I mean, let's ask ourselves: Why are we fighting it?
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Mislim, zapitajmo se: zašto se opiremo tome?
14:54
Because we don't want to move genes around?
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Zato što ne želimo da premeštamo gene?
14:56
This is about moving genes around. It's not about chemicals.
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Ovde se radi o pomeranju gena. Ne radi se o hemikalijama.
14:59
It's not about our ridiculous passion for hormones,
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Ne radi se o našoj smešnoj strasti za hormonima,
15:02
our insistence on having bigger food,
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našem nastojanju da imamo veću hranu,
15:04
better food, singular food.
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bolju hranu, jedinstvenu hranu.
15:06
This isn't about Rice Krispies,
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Ne radi se o pahuljicama,
15:08
this is about keeping people alive,
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radi se o održavanju ljudi u životu,
15:10
and it's about time we started to understand what that meant.
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i vreme je da počnemo da razumevamo šta to znači.
15:13
Because, you know something?
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Jer, znate šta?
15:15
If we don't, if we continue to act the way we're acting,
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Ako nastavimo da se ponašamo kako se ponašamo,
15:18
we're guilty of something that I don't think we want to be guilty of:
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bićemo krivi za nešto za šta mislim da ne želimo da budemo krivi,
15:21
high-tech colonialism.
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tehničku kolonizaciju.
15:23
There's no other way to describe what's going on here.
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Ne postoji drugačiji način da se opiše ono što se dešava.
15:25
It's selfish, it's ugly,
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Sebično je, ružno je,
15:27
it's beneath us,
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to je ispod našeg nivoa
15:29
and we really have to stop it.
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i zaista moramo to da zaustavimo.
15:32
So after this amazingly fun conversation,
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Dakle, posle ove neverovatno zabavne prezentacije,
15:35
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
15:37
you might want to say, "So, you still want to get in this
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možda ćete poželeti da kažete, "Znači, i dalje želiš
15:39
ridiculous time machine and go forward?"
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da se ukrcaš u taj smešni vremeplov i ideš napred?"
15:41
Absolutely. Absolutely, I do.
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Apsolutno. Apsolutno, želim.
15:44
It's stuck in the present right now,
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Trenutno je zaglavljen u sadašnjosti,
15:46
but we have an amazing opportunity.
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ali imamo neverovatnu mogućnost.
15:48
We can set that time machine on anything we want.
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Možemo podesiti taj vremeplov na šta god želimo.
15:51
We can move it where we want to move it,
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Možemo ga pomerati kuda god želimo,
15:53
and we're going to move it where we want to move it.
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i pomerićemo ga kuda želimo.
15:55
We have to have these conversations and we have to think,
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Moramo voditi ovakve razgovore i moramo misliti,
15:58
but when we get in the time machine and we go ahead,
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ali kada uđemo u vremeplov i krenemo napred
16:01
we're going to be happy we do.
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bićemo srećni zbog toga.
16:03
I know that we can,
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Znam da možemo
16:05
and as far as I'm concerned,
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i što se mene tiče,
16:07
that's something the world needs right now.
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to je nešto što je svetu potrebno upravo sada.
16:10
(Applause)
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Hvala vam.
16:12
Thank you.
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(Aplauz)
16:15
Thank you.
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Hvala vam.
16:17
Thank you. Thank you.
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(Aplauz)
About this website

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