The danger of science denial | Michael Specter

462,641 views ・ 2010-04-12

TED


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Prevoditelj: Nives Bonacic Recezent: Stipe Drmić
00:15
Let's pretend right here we have a machine.
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Pretvarajmo se da upravo ovdje imamo stroj,
00:18
A big machine, a cool, TED-ish machine,
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velik stroj, cool, TED-ovski stroj,
00:20
and it's a time machine.
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i to je vremenski stroj.
00:22
And everyone in this room has to get into it.
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I svi u ovoj prostoriji moraju ući u njega.
00:24
And you can go backwards, you can go forwards;
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Možete otići natrag, možete ići naprijed;
00:26
you cannot stay where you are.
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ali ne možete ostati gdje jeste.
00:28
And I wonder what you'd choose, because I've been asking my friends
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Pitam se što bi izabrali, jer sam pitao svoje prijatelje
00:30
this question a lot lately and they all want to go back.
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ovo pitanje često u zadnje vrijeme, i svi se žele vratiti natrag.
00:33
I don't know. They want to go back before there were automobiles
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Ne znam. Žele se vratiti u vrijeme prije automobila
00:35
or Twitter or "American Idol."
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ili Twittera ili "Američkog idola."
00:37
I don't know.
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Ne znam.
00:39
I'm convinced that there's some sort of pull
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Uvjeren sam kako postoji privlačenje
00:41
to nostalgia, to wishful thinking.
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nostalgiji, poželjnom razmišljanju.
00:43
And I understand that.
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I razumijem to.
00:45
I'm not part of that crowd, I have to say.
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Nisam dio te skupine, moram reći.
00:48
I don't want to go back, and it's not because I'm adventurous.
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Ne želim se vratiti natrag, i nije to zato što sam pustolovan --
00:50
It's because possibilities on this planet,
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već zbog mogućnosti na ovom planetu,
00:52
they don't go back, they go forward.
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koje se ne vraćaju natrag, one idu naprijed.
00:54
So I want to get in the machine, and I want to go forward.
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Zato želim ući u stroj, i želim otići naprijed.
00:57
This is the greatest time there's ever been on this planet
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Ovo je najbolje doba koje je ikada bilo na ovom planetu
01:00
by any measure that you wish to choose:
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po svim mjerilima koje izaberemo:
01:02
health, wealth,
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zdravlju, bogatstvu,
01:04
mobility, opportunity,
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pokretljivosti, mogućnostima,
01:06
declining rates of disease ...
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opadajućim stopama bolesti.
01:08
There's never been a time like this.
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Nikad nije bilo vrijeme kao ovo.
01:10
My great-grandparents died, all of them,
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Moji pradjedovi su umrli, svi oni,
01:12
by the time they were 60.
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do šezdesete godine.
01:14
My grandparents pushed that number to 70.
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Moji djedovi i bake su gurnuli taj broj do 70.
01:16
My parents are closing in on 80.
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Moji roditelji završavaju s 80.
01:18
So there better be
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Tako da je bolje da postoji
01:21
a nine at the beginning of my death number.
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znamenka 9 na početku godina moje smrti.
01:24
But it's not even about people like us,
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Ali nije riječ o ljudima poput nas
01:26
because this is a bigger deal than that.
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jer postoje veće stvari od toga.
01:29
A kid born in New Delhi today
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Dijete rođeno u New Delhiu danas
01:31
can expect to live as long as
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može očekivati živjeti dugo koliko i
01:33
the richest man in the world did 100 years ago.
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najbogatiji čovjek u svijetu prije 100 godina.
01:35
Think about that, it's an incredible fact.
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Razmislite o tome. To je nevjerojatna činjenica.
01:37
And why is it true?
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I zašto je istinita?
01:39
Smallpox. Smallpox killed billions
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Boginje. Boginje su ubile milijune
01:41
of people on this planet.
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ljudi na ovom planetu.
01:43
It reshaped the demography of the globe
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Preoblikovale su demografiju planeta
01:45
in a way that no war ever has.
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na način na koji to nije učinio nijedan rat.
01:47
It's gone. It's vanished.
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Nema ih više. Nestale su.
01:49
We vanquished it. Puff.
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Svladali smo ih. Puf.
01:51
In the rich world,
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U bogatom svijetu,
01:53
diseases that threatened millions of us just a generation ago
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bolesti koje su prijetile milijunima nas samo generaciju ranije
01:56
no longer exist, hardly.
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više ne postoje, gotovo.
01:58
Diphtheria, rubella, polio ...
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Difterija, rubeola, dječja paraliza...
02:00
does anyone even know what those things are?
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zna li itko uopće što su ove stvari?
02:03
Vaccines, modern medicine,
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Cjepiva, moderna medicina,
02:06
our ability to feed billions of people,
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naša sposobnost da nahranimo milijarde ljudi,
02:08
those are triumphs of the scientific method.
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to su uspjesi znanstvene metode.
02:10
And to my mind, the scientific method --
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I za mene, znanstvena metoda,
02:12
trying stuff out,
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isprobavanje stvari,
02:14
seeing if it works, changing it when it doesn't --
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gledanje je li rade, mjenjanje kada ne rade,
02:17
is one of the great accomplishments of humanity.
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je jedno od najvećih postignuća našeg čovječanstva.
02:19
So that's the good news.
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To su dobre vijesti.
02:21
Unfortunately, that's all the good news
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Nažalost, to su sve dobre vijesti
02:23
because there are some other problems, and they've been mentioned many times.
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jer imamo neke druge probleme, i spomenuti su puno puta,
02:26
And one of them is that
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i jedan od njih je,
02:28
despite all our accomplishments,
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unatoč svim našim postignućima,
02:30
a billion people go to bed hungry
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milijarda ljudi odlazi u krevet gladna svaku večer
02:32
in this world every day.
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na ovom svijetu, svakog dana.
02:34
That number's rising, and it's rising really rapidly, and it's disgraceful.
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Taj broj raste, raste vrlo ubrzano, i to je sramotno.
02:37
And not only that, we've used our imagination
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I ne samo to, koristili smo našu maštu
02:40
to thoroughly trash this globe.
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da potpuno zagadimo planetu.
02:42
Potable water, arable land,
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Pitka voda, plodna zemlja,
02:44
rainforests, oil, gas:
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prašume, nafta, plin:
02:46
they're going away, and they're going away soon,
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oni nestaju, i nestaju vrlo brzo,
02:49
and unless we innovate our way out of this mess,
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i ako ne smislimo izlaz iz ovog nereda,
02:52
we're going away too.
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mi nestajemo također.
02:54
So the question is: Can we do that? And I think we can.
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Tako da je pitanje: Možemo li mi to? Ja mislim da možemo.
02:57
I think it's clear that we can make food
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Mislim da je jasno da možemo napraviti hranu
02:59
that will feed billions of people without raping the land that they live on.
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koja će nahraniti milijarde ljudi bez uništavanja zemlje na kojoj žive.
03:02
I think we can power this world with energy
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Mislim da možemo opskrbiti ovaj svijet energijom
03:04
that doesn't also destroy it.
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koja ga također ne uništava.
03:06
I really do believe that, and, no, it ain't wishful thinking.
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I zaista vjerujem da, i ne, nije to puka želja.
03:09
But here's the thing that keeps me up at night --
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Ali tu je još jedna stvar koja me drži budnim noću --
03:12
one of the things that keeps me up at night:
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jedna od stvari koje me drže budnim noću.
03:16
We've never needed progress in science more than we need it right now. Never.
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Nikad nismo trebali znanstveni napredak kao sada, nikad
03:19
And we've also never been in a position
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i također nikad nismo bili u poziciji
03:21
to deploy it properly in the way that we can today.
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da ga pravilno razvijemo na način na koji možemo danas.
03:23
We're on the verge of amazing, amazing events
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Na rubu smo zapanjujućih, zapanjujućih događanja
03:26
in many fields,
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u mnogim poljima.
03:28
and yet I actually think we'd have to go back
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Ali ipak, mislim da se zapravo trebamo vratiti natrag
03:30
hundreds, 300 years, before the Enlightenment,
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stotine, 300 godina, prije prosvjetiteljstva,
03:33
to find a time when we battled progress,
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kako bi našli vrijeme kada smo se morali boriti za napredak,
03:36
when we fought about these things
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kada smo se borili za te stvari
03:38
more vigorously, on more fronts, than we do now.
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snažnije, na više fronti, nego što mi radimo danas.
03:41
People wrap themselves in their beliefs,
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Ljudi se umotaju u svoja vjerovanja,
03:43
and they do it so tightly that you can't set them free.
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i to učine tako čvrsto da ih ne možeš osloboditi.
03:46
Not even the truth will set them free.
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Niti ih istina neće učiniti slobodnima.
03:48
And, listen, everyone's entitled to their opinion;
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I, slušajte, svakom je dano pravo na mišljenje;
03:51
they're even entitled to their opinion about progress.
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i čak su im dana prava na mišljenje o napretku,
03:53
But you know what you're not entitled to?
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ali znate li na što nemate pravo?
03:55
You're not entitled to your own facts. Sorry, you're not.
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Nemate pravo na vaše osobne činjenice. Žao mi je, nemate.
03:58
And this took me awhile to figure out.
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I trebalo mi je vremena da shvatim ovo.
04:00
About a decade ago, I wrote a story about vaccines
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Desetljeće ranije, napisao sam priču o cjepivima
04:02
for The New Yorker. A little story.
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za "The New Yorker", malu priču.
04:04
And I was amazed to find opposition:
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I bio sam zapanjen što sam našao protivnike,
04:06
opposition to what is, after all,
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otpor onome što je, na kraju,
04:09
the most effective public health measure in human history.
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ipak najučinkovitija mjera javnog zdravstva u ljudskog povijesti.
04:12
I didn't know what to do,
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Nisam znao što činiti,
04:14
so I just did what I do: I wrote a story and I moved on.
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tako da sam učinio ono što radim, napisao priču i nastavio dalje.
04:17
And soon after that,
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I ubrzo nakon toga,
04:20
I wrote a story about genetically engineered food.
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Napisao sam priču o genetski modificiranoj hrani.
04:22
Same thing, only bigger.
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Ista stvar, samo veća.
04:24
People were going crazy.
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Ljudi su bili poludjeli.
04:26
So I wrote a story about that too,
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Napisao sam priču i o tome,
04:28
and I couldn't understand why
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i nisam mogao shvatiti zašto
04:30
people thought this was "Frankenfoods,"
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su ljudi mislili da je to "Frankenstein-hrana",
04:32
why they thought moving molecules around
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zašto su mislili da je pomicanje molekula
04:34
in a specific, rather than a haphazard way,
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na točno određen način, radije nego na slučajan način,
04:37
was trespassing on nature's ground.
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neovlašteni prijelaz na polje prirode.
04:40
But, you know, I do what I do. I wrote the story, I moved on.
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Ali, znate, radim što radim. Napisao sam priču i nastavio dalje.
04:42
I mean, I'm a journalist.
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Mislim, novinar sam;
04:44
We type, we file, we go to dinner. It's fine.
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Mi tipkamo, stavimo u arhiv, odemo na večeru i u redu je.
04:47
(Laughter)
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--
04:50
But these stories bothered me,
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Ali ove priče su me uznemirivale,
04:52
and I couldn't figure out why, and eventually I did.
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nisam mogao shvatiti zašto, ali naposlijetku jesam.
04:54
And that's because those fanatics that were driving me crazy
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I to je zato što ti fanatici koji su me izluđivali
04:57
weren't actually fanatics at all.
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uopće nisu bili fanatici.
04:59
They were thoughtful people, educated people, decent people.
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Oni su bili pažljivi ljudi, obrazovani ljudi, pristojni ljudi.
05:02
They were exactly like the people in this room.
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Bili su potpuno jednaki ljudima u ovoj sobi.
05:06
And it just disturbed me so much.
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I to je ono što me toliko uznemirivalo...
05:08
But then I thought, you know, let's be honest.
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ali tada sam pomislio, znate, budimo iskreni:
05:11
We're at a point in this world
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Mi se nalazimo u trenutku na ovom svijetu
05:13
where we don't have the same relationship to progress that we used to.
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kada više nemamo isti odnos prema napretku kao nekada.
05:16
We talk about it ambivalently.
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Govorimo o njemu neodlučno.
05:18
We talk about it in ironic terms with little quotes around it:
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Govorimo o njemu u ironičnim pojmovima s malim navodnicima oko riječi:
05:20
"progress."
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"Napredak."
05:23
Okay, there are reasons for that, and I think we know what those reasons are.
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U redu, postoje razlozi za to, i mislim da znamo koji su to razlozi.
05:26
We've lost faith in institutions,
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Izgubili smo vjeru u institucije,
05:28
in authority,
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u autoritete,
05:30
and sometimes in science itself,
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i ponekad u samu znanost,
05:32
and there's no reason we shouldn't have.
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i nema razloga zašto nismo trebali.
05:34
You can just say a few names
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Možete reći samo nekoliko imena
05:36
and people will understand.
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i ljudi će razumjeti.
05:38
Chernobyl, Bhopal, the Challenger,
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Černobil, Bhopal, Challenger,
05:41
Vioxx, weapons of mass destruction,
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Vioxx, oružja masovnog uništenja,
05:44
hanging chads.
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--
05:46
You know, you can choose your list.
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Mislim, znate, možete izabrati svoj popis.
05:49
There are questions and problems
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Postoje pitanja i problemi
05:51
with the people we used to believe were always right,
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s ljudima za koje smo vjerovali da su uvijek u pravu.
05:53
so be skeptical.
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Zato budite skeptični.
05:56
Ask questions, demand proof, demand evidence.
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Postavljajte pitanja, zahtijevajte odgovore, zahtijevajte dokaze.
05:59
Don't take anything for granted.
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Ne uzimajte ništa zdravo za gotovo.
06:01
But here's the thing: When you get proof,
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Ali tu je poanta: Kada dobijete dokaz,
06:04
you need to accept the proof, and we're not that good at doing that.
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trebate ga prihvatiti, a mi nismo tako dobri u tome.
06:07
And the reason that I can say that is because
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I razlog zbog kojeg to mogu reći je taj što
06:09
we're now in an epidemic of fear
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sada vlada epidemija straha
06:11
like one I've never seen and hope never to see again.
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kakvu nikad nisam vidio i nadam se da je nikad više neću vidjeti.
06:14
About 12 years ago, there was a story published,
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Prije 12 godina, objavljena je priča,
06:16
a horrible story,
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strašna priča,
06:18
that linked the epidemic of autism
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koja je povezivala epidemiju autizma
06:21
to the measles, mumps and rubella vaccine shot.
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sa cjepivima za boginje, zaušnjake i rubeolu.
06:24
Very scary.
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Jako strašno.
06:26
Tons of studies were done to see if this was true.
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Mnoštvo studija je napravljeno kako bi se vidjelo je li ovo istina.
06:29
Tons of studies should have been done; it's a serious issue.
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Mnoštvo studija se i trebalo napraviti; ovo je ozbiljna tema.
06:32
The data came back.
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Podaci su došli natrag.
06:34
The data came back from the United States, from England,
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Podaci su došli iz SAD-a, Engleske,
06:36
from Sweden, from Canada,
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Švedske, Kanade,
06:38
and it was all the same: no correlation,
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i svi su bili isti, nema korelacije,
06:40
no connection, none at all.
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nema povezanosti, baš nikakve.
06:42
It doesn't matter. It doesn't matter
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To nije važno. To nije važno
06:44
because we believe anecdotes,
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jer mi vjerujemo anegdotama,
06:46
we believe what we see, what we think we see,
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mi vjerujmo onome što vidimo, što misilimo da vidimo,
06:48
what makes us feel real.
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što nas čini da se osjećamo stvarnima.
06:50
We don't believe a bunch of documents
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Ne vjerujemo hrpi dokumenata
06:52
from a government official giving us data,
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od vladinog predstavnika koji nam daje podatke,
06:54
and I do understand that, I think we all do.
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i ja razumijem to, mislim da svi razumijemo.
06:56
But you know what?
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Ali znate to?
06:58
The result of that has been disastrous.
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Rezultati toga su bili katastrofalni,
07:00
Disastrous because here's a fact:
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katastrofalni zbog ove činjenice:
07:03
The United States is one of the only countries in the world
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SAD je jedna od rijetkih zemalja svijeta
07:05
where the vaccine rate for measles is going down.
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gdje broj cjepljenih od ospica opada.
07:08
That is disgraceful,
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To je sramotno,
07:10
and we should be ashamed of ourselves.
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i trebamo se sramiti nas samih.
07:12
It's horrible.
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To je užasno.
07:14
What kind of a thing happened
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Kakva stvar se bila dogodila
07:16
that we could do that?
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da smo to mogli učiniti.
07:18
Now, I understand it. I do understand it.
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Sada, razumijem to. Zaista to razumijem.
07:21
Because, did anyone have measles here?
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Jer, ima li itko ovdje ospice?
07:23
Has one person in this audience ever seen someone die of measles?
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Je li itko u publici ikada vidio nekog da je umro od ospica?
07:26
Doesn't happen very much.
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Ne događa se često.
07:28
Doesn't happen in this country at all,
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U ovoj zemlji se ne događa uopće,
07:30
but it happened 160,000 times in the world last year.
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ali dogodilo se 160,000 puta na svijetu prošle godine.
07:32
That's a lot of death of measles --
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To je mnogo smrti od ospica,
07:34
20 an hour.
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20 u jednom satu.
07:36
But since it didn't happen here, we can put it out of our minds,
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Ali jer se nije dogodilo ovdje, možemo to izbaciti iz naših misli,
07:39
and people like Jenny McCarthy
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i ljudi poput Jenny McCarthy
07:41
can go around preaching messages
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mogu ići okolo propovijedati poruke
07:43
of fear and illiteracy from platforms
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straha i nepismenosti iz medija
07:45
like "Oprah" and "Larry King Live."
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poput Oprah i Larry King Livea.
07:48
And they can do it because
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I mogu to činiti jer
07:50
they don't link causation and correlation.
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ne povezuju uzrok i korelaciju.
07:52
They don't understand that these things seem the same,
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Ne razumiju da ove stvari izgledaju jednako,
07:55
but they're almost never the same.
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ali gotovo nikad nisu iste.
07:57
And it's something we need to learn, and we need to learn it really soon.
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I to je nešto što moramo naučiti, moramo to naučiti vrlo brzo.
08:00
This guy was a hero, Jonas Salk.
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Ovaj čovjek je bio heroj, Jonas Salk.
08:03
He took one of the worst scourges of mankind away from us.
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Uzeo je jednu od najgorih kazni čovječanstva od nas.
08:06
No fear, no agony. Polio -- puff, gone.
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Nema straha, nema patnje, dječja paraliza, puf, nestalo.
08:09
That guy in the middle, not so much.
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Ovaj čovjek u sredini, ne baš toliko.
08:12
His name is Paul Offit.
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Njegovo ime je Paul Offit.
08:14
He just developed a rotavirus vaccine with a bunch of other people.
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Upravo je razvio cjepivo za rotavirus s hrpom drugih ljudi.
08:16
It'll save the lives of 400 to 500,000 kids
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Spasilo je živote 400, 500,000 djece
08:19
in the developing world every year.
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u zemljama u razvoju svake godine.
08:21
Pretty good, right?
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Prilično dobro, zar ne?
08:23
Well, it's good, except that Paul goes around talking about vaccines
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Da, dobro je, osim što Paul ide okolo i priča o cjepivima.
08:25
and says how valuable they are
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i govori koliko su vrijedna
08:27
and that people ought to just stop the whining.
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i ljudi bi trebali jednostvano prestati grintati.
08:29
And he actually says it that way.
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I on to zaista kaže na taj način.
08:31
So, Paul's a terrorist.
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Dakle, Paul je terorist.
08:34
When Paul speaks in a public hearing,
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Kada Paul govori javno,
08:36
he can't testify without armed guards.
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ne može svjedočiti bez naoružanih stražara.
08:38
He gets called at home
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Nazivaju ga kući
08:40
because people like to tell him
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jer mu ljudi vole reći
08:42
that they remember where his kids go to school.
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kako znaju gdje mu djeca idu u školu.
08:44
And why? Because Paul made a vaccine.
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I zašto. Jer je Paul napravio cjepivo.
08:47
I don't need to say this, but vaccines are essential.
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Ne trebam to reći, ali cjepiva su neophodna.
08:50
You take them away, disease comes back,
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Ako ih maknete, bolest se vraća,
08:52
horrible diseases. And that's happening.
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užasne bolesti, i to se događa
08:55
We have measles in this country now.
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Danas u ovoj zemlji imamo ospice
08:57
And it's getting worse, and pretty soon kids
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I postaje sve gore, i vrlo brzo će djeca umirati od ospica
08:59
are going to die of it again because it's just a numbers game.
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i umirati će ponovno jer je to igra brojkama.
09:01
And they're not just going to die of measles.
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I neće samo umirati od ospica.
09:03
What about polio? Let's have that. Why not?
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Što je s dječjom paralizom? Uzmimo to. Zašto ne?
09:05
A college classmate of mine wrote me a couple weeks ago and said
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Kolegica s studija mi je pisala prije par tjedana i rekla
09:08
she thought I was a little strident.
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kako je mislila da samo malo oštar.
09:10
No one's ever said that before.
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Nitko to dosad nije rekao.
09:13
She wasn't going to vaccinate her kid against polio,
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Ona nije planirala cjepiti djecu protiv dječje paralize.
09:15
no way.
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Nema šanse.
09:17
Fine.
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Dobro.
09:19
Why? Because we don't have polio. And you know what?
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Zašto? Zato što nemamo dječje paralize. Znate to?
09:21
We didn't have polio in this country yesterday.
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Nismo imali dječju paralizu u ovoj zemlji jučer.
09:24
Today, I don't know, maybe a guy got on a plane in Lagos this morning,
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Danas, ne znam, možda je netko ušao u avion za Lagos jutros,
09:27
and he's flying to LAX, right now he's over Ohio.
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i leti u LAX, upravo sada je preko Ohia.
09:29
And he's going to land in a couple of hours, he's going to rent a car,
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I sletjeti će za nekoliko sati, iznajmiti će auto,
09:32
and he's going to come to Long Beach,
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i otići će na Long Beach,
09:34
and he's going to attend one of these fabulous TED dinners tonight.
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i prisustvovati će nekoj od ovih nevjerojatnih TED večera .
09:37
And he doesn't know that he's infected with a paralytic disease,
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I on ne zna da je zaražen s paralitičkom bolesću,
09:40
and we don't either because that's the way the world works.
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i mi također ne znamo jer tako svijet funkcionira.
09:43
That's the planet we live on. Don't pretend it isn't.
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To je planet na kojem živimo. Nemojte se pretvarati da nije.
09:46
Now, we love to wrap ourselves in lies. We love to do it.
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Mi se volimo zamotati u laži. Volimo to činiti.
09:49
Everyone take their vitamins this morning?
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Svatko je uzeo svoje vitamine jutros?
09:51
Echinacea, a little antioxidant
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Echinacea, mali antioksidans
09:53
to get you going.
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da vas pokrene.
09:55
I know you did because half of Americans do every day.
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Znam da jeste jer pola Amerikanaca to čine svakog dana.
09:58
They take the stuff, and they take alternative medicines,
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Uzimaju stvari i uzimaju alternativne lijekove,
10:01
and it doesn't matter how often
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i nije važno koliko često
10:03
we find out that they're useless.
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saznamo da su beskorisni.
10:05
The data says it all the time.
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Podaci na to ukazuju cijelo vrijeme.
10:07
They darken your urine. They almost never do more than that.
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Potamnjuju vašu mokraću. Gotovo nikad ne čine više od toga.
10:10
(Laughter)
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--
10:12
It's okay, you want to pay 28 billion dollars for dark urine?
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U redu je, ako želite platiti 28 milijardi dolara za tamnu mokraću,
10:15
I'm totally with you.
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potpuno sam s vama.
10:17
(Laughter)
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--
10:19
Dark urine. Dark.
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Tamna mokraća. Tamna.
10:22
Why do we do that? Why do we do that?
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Zašto to činimo? Zašto to činimo?
10:24
Well, I think I understand, we hate Big Pharma.
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Pa, mislim da razumijem, mrzimo veliku farmaceutsku tvrtku.
10:26
We hate Big Government. We don't trust the Man.
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Mrzimo veliku vladu. Ne vjerujemo čovjeku.
10:28
And we shouldn't: Our health care system sucks.
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I ne bi trebali. Naš zdravstveni sustav je loš.
10:31
It's cruel to millions of people.
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Okrutan je prema milijunima ljudi.
10:33
It's absolutely astonishingly cold
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Apsolutno je iznenađujuće hladan
10:36
and soul-bending to those of us who can even afford it.
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i slama dušu onima koji ga ne mogu priuštiti.
10:39
So we run away from it, and where do we run?
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Pa bježimo od njega, i gdje bježimo?
10:42
We leap into the arms of Big Placebo.
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Skačemo u naručje velikog placeba.
10:44
(Laughter)
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--
10:47
That's fantastic. I love Big Placebo.
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To je fantastično. Volim veliki placebo.
10:49
(Applause)
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--
10:54
But, you know, it's really a serious thing
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Ali, znate, to je stvarno ozbiljna stvar
10:57
because this stuff is crap,
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jer su te stvari smeće,
10:59
and we spend billions of dollars on it.
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i trošimo milijarde dolara na njih.
11:01
And I have all sorts of little props here.
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I imam razne vrste malih potpora ovdje.
11:04
None of it ... ginkgo, fraud;
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Nijedna od njih -- ginko, prijevara,
11:06
echinacea, fraud;
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echinacea, prijevara,
11:08
acai -- I don't even know what that is
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acai, ne znam čak ni što je to
11:10
but we're spending billions of dollars on it -- it's fraud.
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ali trošimo milijarde dolara na to, a prijevara je.
11:13
And you know what? When I say this stuff, people scream at me,
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I znate to? Kada ovo kažem, ljudi vrište na mene,
11:15
and they say, "What do you care? Let people do what they want to do.
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i kažu, "Što te briga? Pusti ljude da rade što žele.
11:18
It makes them feel good."
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Od toga se dobro osjećaju."
11:20
And you know what? You're wrong.
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I znate što? U krivu ste.
11:22
Because I don't care
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Jer mene nije briga
11:24
if it's the secretary of HHS
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ako se radi o tajnici H.H.S.-a (ministarstva zdravstva)
11:26
who's saying, "Hmm, I'm not going to take the evidence
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koja kaže, "Hmm, neću uvažiti dokaze
11:29
of my experts on mammograms,"
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od mojih stručnjaka o mamografiji,"
11:31
or some cancer quack who wants to treat his patient
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ili neki šarlatan onkolog koji želi liječiti svog pacijenta
11:34
with coffee enemas.
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ispiranjem crijeva kavom.
11:36
When you start down the road
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Kada krenete putem
11:38
where belief and magic replace evidence and science,
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gdje vjerovanja i magija zamjenjuju dokaze i znanost,
11:41
you end up in a place you don't want to be.
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završite na mjestu na kojem ne želite biti.
11:43
You end up in Thabo Mbeki South Africa.
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Završite u Thabo Mbeki-jevoj Južnoj Africi.
11:45
He killed 400,000 of his people
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On je ubio 400,000 svojih ljudi
11:48
by insisting that beetroot,
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inzistirajući na tome da su cikla
11:50
garlic and lemon oil
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luk i limunov sok
11:52
were much more effective than the antiretroviral drugs
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mnogo učinkovitiji od antiretrovirusnog liječenja
11:54
we know can slow the course of AIDS.
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za koje znamo da može usporiti AIDS.
11:56
Hundreds of thousands of needless deaths
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Stotine tisuća bespotrebnih smrti
11:58
in a country that has been plagued
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u zemlji koja ima pošast
12:01
worse than any other by this disease.
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goru od bilo koje druge ovom bolešću.
12:03
Please, don't tell me
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Molim vas, nemojte mi reći
12:05
there are no consequences to these things.
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da nema posljedica od ovih stvari,
12:07
There are. There always are.
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Ima ih. Uvijek ih ima.
12:09
Now, the most mindless epidemic
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Sada, najnepromišljenija epidemija
12:11
we're in the middle of right now
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u kojoj se upravo nalazimo
12:13
is this absurd battle
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je apsurdna bitka
12:15
between proponents of genetically engineered food
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između predlagača genetski modificirane hrane
12:18
and the organic elite.
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i organske elite.
12:20
It's an idiotic debate. It has to stop.
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To je idiotska rasprava. Ona mora prestati.
12:22
It's a debate about words, about metaphors.
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To je rasprava o riječima, metaforama.
12:25
It's ideology, it's not science.
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To je ideologija, ne znanost.
12:27
Every single thing we eat, every grain of rice,
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Sve što jedemo, svako zrno riže,
12:29
every sprig of parsley,
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svaki stručak peršina,
12:31
every Brussels sprout
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svaku glavicu kupusa
12:33
has been modified by man.
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je prilagodio čovjek.
12:35
You know, there weren't tangerines in the garden of Eden.
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Znate, nije bilo mandarina u Edenskom vrtu.
12:37
There wasn't any cantaloupe. (Laughter)
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Nije bilo ni dinje.
12:39
There weren't Christmas trees. We made it all.
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Nije bilo božićnih drvca. Mi smo to sve učinili.
12:42
We made it over the last 11,000 years.
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Učinili smo to u zadnjih 11,000 godina.
12:45
And some of it worked, and some of it didn't.
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I nešto od toga je radilo i nešto od toga nije.
12:47
We got rid of the stuff that didn't.
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Riješili smo se stvari koje nisu.
12:49
Now we can do it in a more precise way --
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Sada to možemo raditi na precizniji način.
12:51
and there are risks, absolutely --
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I postoje rizici, apsolutno.
12:53
but we can put something like vitamin A into rice,
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Ali možemo staviti nešto poput vitamina A u rižu,
12:56
and that stuff can help millions of people,
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i to može pomoći milijunima ljudi,
12:59
millions of people, prolong their lives.
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milijunima ljudi, produžiti njihove živote.
13:02
You don't want to do that?
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Ne želite to učiniti?
13:04
I have to say, I don't understand it.
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Moram reći da ne razumijem.
13:07
We object to genetically engineered food.
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Protivimo se genetski modificiranoj hrani.
13:09
Why do we do that?
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Zašto to činimo?
13:11
Well, the things I constantly hear are:
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Pa, ono što neprestano slušam je:
13:13
Too many chemicals,
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Previše kemikalija,
13:15
pesticides, hormones,
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pesticidi, hormoni,
13:17
monoculture, we don't want giant fields
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monokultura, ne želimo ogromna polja
13:19
of the same thing, that's wrong.
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iste stvari, to je pogrešno.
13:21
We don't companies patenting life.
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Ne želimo da tvrtke stvaraju život.
13:23
We don't want companies owning seeds.
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Ne želimo da tvrtke posjeduju sjeme.
13:25
And you know what my response to all of that is?
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I znate koji je moj odgovor na sve to?
13:27
Yes, you're right. Let's fix it.
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Da, u pravu ste. Popravimo to.
13:30
It's true, we've got a huge food problem,
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Istina je, imamo velik problem s hranom,
13:32
but this isn't science.
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ali to nije znanost.
13:34
This has nothing to do with science.
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To nema nikakve veze s znanošću.
13:36
It's law, it's morality, it's patent stuff.
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To je zakon, to je moral, to je stvar patenta.
13:39
You know science isn't a company.
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Znate da znanost nije tvrtka.
13:41
It's not a country.
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Nije zemlja.
13:43
It's not even an idea; it's a process.
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Nije čak ni ideja; To je proces.
13:46
It's a process, and sometimes it works and sometimes it doesn't,
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To je proces, i ponekad radi i ponekad ne radi,
13:49
but the idea that we should not allow
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ali ideja kako ne trebamo dozvoliti
13:52
science to do its job
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znanosti da radi svoj posao
13:54
because we're afraid,
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jer se bojimo,
13:56
is really very deadening,
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je zaista vrlo otupljujuća,
13:58
and it's preventing millions of people
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i spriječava milijune ljudi
14:00
from prospering.
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od napredovanja.
14:02
You know, in the next 50 years
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Znate, u slijedećih 50 godina
14:04
we're going to have to grow 70 percent more food than we do right now,
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morat ćemo uzgojiti 70 posto više hrane nego što to činimo sada,
14:07
70 percent.
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70 posto.
14:09
This investment in Africa over the last 30 years.
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Ovo ulaganje u Afriku u posljednjih 30 godina.
14:12
Disgraceful. Disgraceful.
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Sramotno. Sramotno.
14:14
They need it, and we're not giving it to them.
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Trebaju to, a mi im to ne dajemo.
14:16
And why? Genetically engineered food.
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I zašto? Genetski modificirana hrana.
14:19
We don't want to encourage people
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Ne želimo ohrabrivati ljude
14:21
to eat that rotten stuff, like cassava for instance.
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da jedu tu trulu stvar, poput manioke na primjer.
14:24
Cassava's something that half a billion people eat.
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Manioka je nešto što jede pola milijarde ljudi.
14:26
It's kind of like a potato.
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Slično je krumpiru.
14:28
It's just a bunch of calories. It sucks.
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To je samo hrpa kalorija. Loše je.
14:30
It doesn't have nutrients, it doesn't have protein,
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Nema hranjivih tvari, nema bjelančevina,
14:32
and scientists are engineering
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i znanstvenici pokušavaju staviti
14:34
all of that into it right now.
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sve to u nju upravo sada.
14:36
And then people would be able to eat it and they'd be able to not go blind.
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I tada će ljudi moći to jesti i moći će ne oslijepiti od toga.
14:39
They wouldn't starve, and you know what?
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Neće gladovati, i vi znate to?
14:41
That would be nice. It wouldn't be Chez Panisse,
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To bi bilo lijepo. Ne bi bilo kao Chez Panisse.
14:44
but it would be nice.
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ali bi bilo lijepo.
14:48
And all I can say about this is:
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I sve što mogu reći o tome je:
14:50
Why are we fighting it?
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Zašto se borimo protiv toga?
14:52
I mean, let's ask ourselves: Why are we fighting it?
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Mislim, zapitajmo se: Zašto se borimo protiv toga?
14:54
Because we don't want to move genes around?
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Jer ne želimo micati gene naokolo?
14:56
This is about moving genes around. It's not about chemicals.
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Tu je riječ o micanju gena. To nije vezano za kemikalije.
14:59
It's not about our ridiculous passion for hormones,
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Nije riječ o našoj smiješnoj strasti za hormonima,
15:02
our insistence on having bigger food,
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našem inzistiranju na većoj hrani,
15:04
better food, singular food.
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boljoj hrani, jednoj hrani.
15:06
This isn't about Rice Krispies,
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Tu nije riječ o rižinim pahuljicama,
15:08
this is about keeping people alive,
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već o održavanju ljudi živima,
15:10
and it's about time we started to understand what that meant.
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i vrijeme je da počnemo shvaćati što to znači.
15:13
Because, you know something?
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Jer, znate što?
15:15
If we don't, if we continue to act the way we're acting,
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Ako ne shvatimo, ako se nastavimo ponašati kako se ponašamo,
15:18
we're guilty of something that I don't think we want to be guilty of:
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krivi smo za nešto za što mislim da ne želimo biti krivi,
15:21
high-tech colonialism.
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kolonijalizam visoke tehnologije.
15:23
There's no other way to describe what's going on here.
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Nema drugog načina za opisati ono što se događa ovdje.
15:25
It's selfish, it's ugly,
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To je sebično, to je ružno,
15:27
it's beneath us,
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to je ispod nas,
15:29
and we really have to stop it.
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i to zaista moramo zaustaviti.
15:32
So after this amazingly fun conversation,
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Tako da nakon ovog nevjerojatno zanimljivog razgovora,
15:35
(Laughter)
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--
15:37
you might want to say, "So, you still want to get in this
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možda želite reći, "Pa, ti još želiš ući u taj
15:39
ridiculous time machine and go forward?"
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smiješni vremenski stroj i ići naprijed?"
15:41
Absolutely. Absolutely, I do.
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Apsolutno. Apsolutno, želim.
15:44
It's stuck in the present right now,
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Zaustavljen je u sadašnjosti sada,
15:46
but we have an amazing opportunity.
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ali mi imamo nevjerojatnu priliku.
15:48
We can set that time machine on anything we want.
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Možemo ga postaviti kako god želimo.
15:51
We can move it where we want to move it,
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Možemo ga pomaknuti gdje god želimo,
15:53
and we're going to move it where we want to move it.
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i pomaknuti ćemo ga gdje ga želimo pomaknuti.
15:55
We have to have these conversations and we have to think,
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Moramo imati ove razgovore, i moramo razmišljati,
15:58
but when we get in the time machine and we go ahead,
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ali kad uđemo u vremenski stroj i odemo naprijed,
16:01
we're going to be happy we do.
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biti ćemo sretni što smo to učinili.
16:03
I know that we can,
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Znam da možemo,
16:05
and as far as I'm concerned,
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i, što se mene tiče,
16:07
that's something the world needs right now.
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to je nešto što svijet treba upravo sada.
16:10
(Applause)
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Hvala vam.
16:12
Thank you.
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--
16:15
Thank you.
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Hvala vam.
16:17
Thank you. Thank you.
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--
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