Building a dinosaur from a chicken | Jack Horner

Translator: Linda Magáthová Reviewer: Miroslav Čeliga

When I was growing up in Montana,

Keď som vyrastal v Montane,

I had two dreams.

mal som dva sny.

I wanted to be a paleontologist,

Chcel som sa stať paleontológom,

a dinosaur paleontologist,

dinosaurím paleontológom,

and I wanted to have a pet dinosaur.

a chcel som mať domáceho dinosaura.

And so that's what I've been striving for

A o to som sa celý

all of my life.

svoj život usiloval.

I was very fortunate

Na začiatku kariéry som mal veľké šťastie.

early in my career.

I was fortunate

Šťastie na nachádzanie vecí.

in finding things.

I wasn't very good at reading things.

Čítanie mi veľmi nešlo.

In fact, I don't read much of anything.

Vlastne ani veľa nečítam.

I am extremely dyslexic,

Mám totiž ťažkú dyslexiu,

and so reading is the hardest thing I do.

a tak je pre mňa čítanie tá najťažšia vec.

But instead, I go out and I find things.

Ale miesto toho som vonku a nachádzam veci.

Then I just pick things up.

A potom tie veci zoberiem.

I basically practice for finding money on the street.

Je to cvičenie na hľadanie peňazí na ulici.

(Laughter)

(smiech)

And I wander about the hills,

A pri túlaní sa po kopcoch

and I have found a few things.

som našiel niekoľko vecí.

And I have been fortunate enough

Mal som toľko šťastia,

to find things like the first eggs in the Western hemisphere

že som našiel veci ako prvé vajce na západnej pologuli,

and the first baby dinosaurs in nests,

prvé dinosaurie mláďatá v hniezdach,

the first dinosaur embryos

prvé dinosaurie embryá

and massive accumulations of bones.

a obrovské kopy kostí.

And it happened to be at a time

A to sa stalo v dobe,

when people were just starting to begin to realize

keď si ľudia len začínali uvedomovať,

that dinosaurs weren't the big, stupid, green reptiles

že dinosaury neboli žiadne veľké hlúpe zelené plazy,

that people had thought for so many years.

ako sa myslelo dlhé roky predtým.

People were starting to get an idea

Ľudia začínali tušiť,

that dinosaurs were special.

že dinosaury boli výnimočné.

And so, at that time,

A tak v tej dobe som

I was able to make some interesting hypotheses

spolu so svojimi kolegami

along with my colleagues.

vytvoril zopár zaujímavých hypotéz.

We were able to actually say

Boli sme schopní povedať,

that dinosaurs -- based on the evidence we had --

že dinosaury – na základe dôkazov, ktoré sme mali –

that dinosaurs built nests

že dinosaury stavali hniezda

and lived in colonies

a žili v kolóniách

and cared for their young,

a starali sa o svoje mláďatá,

brought food to their babies

prinášali im potravu

and traveled in gigantic herds.

a presúvali sa v gigantických stádach.

So it was pretty interesting stuff.

Takže celkom zaujímavé materiály.

I have gone on to find more things

Pokračoval som v nachádzaní ďalších vecí,

and discover that dinosaurs really were very social.

a zistil som, že dinosaury boli naozaj veľmi spoločenské.

We have found a lot of evidence

Našli sme množstvo dôkazov o tom,

that dinosaurs changed

že dinosaury sa menili

from when they were juveniles to when they were adults.

od mladých rokov až po dospelosť.

The appearance of them would have been different --

Ich vzhľad sa menil –

which it is in all social animals.

čo platí pre všetky spoločenské zvieratá.

In social groups of animals,

V spoločenských skupinách zvierat

the juveniles always look different than the adults.

vyzerajú mláďatá vždy inak ako dospelí.

The adults can recognize the juveniles;

Dospelí poznajú svoje mláďatá,

the juveniles can recognize the adults.

mláďatá poznajú svojich rodičov.

And so we're making a better picture

Takže si vytvárame lepší obraz o tom, ako vyzeral dinosaurus.

of what a dinosaur looks like.

And they didn't just all chase Jeeps around.

A že všetky len nenaháňali džípy po parkoch.

(Laughter)

(smiech)

But it is that social thing

Ale práve táto spoločenskosť

that I guess attracted Michael Crichton.

zrejme priťahovala Michaela Crichtona.

And in his book, he talked about the social animals.

Vo svojej knihe hovoril o spoločenských tvoroch.

And then Steven Spielberg, of course,

A potom samozrejme Steven Spielberg

depicts these dinosaurs

zobrazuje dinosaury

as being very social creatures.

ako vysoko spoločenské tvory.

The theme of this story is building a dinosaur,

Našou témou je vytvorenie dinosaura,

and so we come to that part of "Jurassic Park."

a tak sme sa dostali k scéne z Jurského parku.

Michael Crichton really was one of the first people

Michael Crichton bol naozaj jedným z prvých,

to talk about bringing dinosaurs back to life.

ktorí hovorili o vzkriesení dinosaurov.

You all know the story, right.

Všetci ten príbeh poznáte, však.

I mean, I assume everyone here has seen "Jurassic Park."

Predpokladám, že ste všetci videli Jurský park.

If you want to make a dinosaur,

Ak si chcete vyrobiť dinosaura,

you go out, you find yourself a piece of petrified tree sap --

idete von, nájdete si kúsok skamenelej miazgy

otherwise known as amber --

– inak známej tiež ako jantár –

that has some blood-sucking insects in it,

ktorá v sebe ukrýva nejaký krv sajúci hmyz,

good ones,

dobre zachovaný,

and you get your insect and you drill into it

a vy si ten hmyz vytiahnete, navŕtate sa doň,

and you suck out some DNA,

vysajete trochu DNA,

because obviously all insects that sucked blood in those days

pretože je jasné, že všetok hmyz, ktorý vtedy vysával krv,

sucked dinosaur DNA out.

vysával dinosauriu DNA.

And you take your DNA back to the laboratory

A túto DNA odnesiete späť do laboratória

and you clone it.

a naklonujete ju.

And I guess you inject it into maybe an ostrich egg,

A myslím, že ju potom vstreknete napríklad do pštrosieho vajca

or something like that,

alebo niečoho podobného,

and then you wait,

a potom čakáte,

and, lo and behold, out pops a little baby dinosaur.

a pozrime sa, už sa nám liahne dinosaurie mláďatko.

And everybody's happy about that.

A všetci sa z toho tešia.

(Laughter)

(smiech)

And they're happy over and over again.

A tešia sa znova a znova.

They keep doing it; they just keep making these things.

Takto to pokračuje; jednoducho ich vytvárajú.

And then, then, then, and then ...

A potom, potom...

Then the dinosaurs, being social,

Potom tieto spoločenské dinosaury

act out their socialness,

predvádzajú svoju spoločenskosť,

and they get together,

dajú sa dohromady

and they conspire.

a konšpirujú.

And, of course, that's what makes Steven Spielberg's movie --

A toto je zárukou úspechu filmu Stevena Spielberga –

conspiring dinosaurs chasing people around.

konšpirujúce dinosaury prenasledujú ľudí.

So I assume everybody knows

Všetci, dúfam, vedia,

that if you actually had a piece of amber and it had an insect in it,

že ak by ste naozaj mali kus jantáru, ktorý v sebe ukrýva hmyz,

and you drilled into it,

a navŕtali by ste sa doň

and you got something out of that insect,

a získali niečo z toho hmyzu,

and you cloned it, and you did it over and over and over again,

naklonovali to a toto robili stále dokola,

you'd have a room full of mosquitos.

mali by ste miestnosť plnú komárov.

(Laughter)

(smiech)

(Applause)

(potlesk)

And probably a whole bunch of trees as well.

A zrejme aj lesík stromčekov.

Now if you want dinosaur DNA,

Ale ak chcete dinosauriu DNA,

I say go to the dinosaur.

hovorím vám, bežte za dinosaurom.

So that's what we've done.

To sme urobili.

Back in 1993 when the movie came out,

Keď bol v roku 1993 uvedený tento film,

we actually had a grant from the National Science Foundation

naozaj sme dostali grant od National Science Foundation,

to attempt to extract DNA from a dinosaur,

aby sme sa pokúsili získať DNA z dinosaura

and we chose the dinosaur on the left,

a my sme si vybrali toho naľavo,

a Tyrannosaurus rex, which was a very nice specimen.

Tyranosaura rex, čo bol naozaj skvelý exemplár.

And one of my former doctoral students,

A jedna z mojich bývalých doktorandiek,

Dr. Mary Schweitzer,

Dr. Mary Schweitzer,

actually had the background

mala vtedy výborné zázemie na tieto veci.

to do this sort of thing.

And so she looked into the bone of this T. rex,

A tak preskúmala kostru tohto T. rexa,

one of the thigh bones,

jednu z jeho stehenných kostí,

and she actually found

a naozaj tam našla

some very interesting structures in there.

niekoľko veľmi zaujímavých štruktúr.

They found these red circular-looking objects,

Našli tam tieto červené guľaté objekty,

and they looked, for all the world,

ktoré vyzerali takmer ako červené krvinky.

like red blood cells.

And they're in

Boli v niečom,

what appear to be the blood channels

čo vyzeralo ako krvné kanáliky,

that go through the bone.

ktoré prechádzajú kosťou.

And so she thought, well, what the heck.

A tak si pomyslela – hm, ale čo s tým?

So she sampled some material out of it.

Odobrala z nich nejaký materiál.

Now it wasn't DNA; she didn't find DNA.

Ale nebola to DNA, nenašla sa DNA.

But she did find heme,

Určite však našla hém,

which is the biological foundation

čo je biologický základ hemoglobínu.

of hemoglobin.

And that was really cool.

A toto bola fakt bomba.

That was interesting.

Bolo to zaujímavé.

That was -- here we have 65-million-year-old heme.

Mali sme 65 miliónov rokov starý hém.

Well we tried and tried

Skúšali sme to stále znova,

and we couldn't really get anything else out of it.

ale už sme z toho nedostali nič iné.

So a few years went by,

Ubehlo pár rokov

and then we started the Hell Creek Project.

a my sme zahájili projekt Hell Creek.

And the Hell Creek Project was this massive undertaking

Projekt Hell Creek bol obrovský počin,

to get as many dinosaurs as we could possibly find,

zhromaždiť toľko dinosaurov, koľko sme len vedeli nájsť

and hopefully find some dinosaurs

a hádam aj nejaké dinosaury,

that had more material in them.

ktoré v sebe majú viac materiálu.

And out in eastern Montana

A tam vo východnej Montane

there's a lot of space, a lot of badlands,

je veľa miesta, samá pustatina

and not very many people,

a málo ľudí,

and so you can go out there and find a lot of stuff.

takže sa tam dá ísť a nájsť mnoho vecí.

And we did find a lot of stuff.

A my sme teda našli dosť vecí.

We found a lot of Tyrannosaurs,

Našli sme dosť tyranosaurov

but we found one special Tyrannosaur,

a medzi nimi bol jeden výnimočný,

and we called it B-rex.

ktorého sme pomenovali B-rex.

And B-rex was found

B-rexa sme našli

under a thousand cubic yards of rock.

pod tisíckami kubických metrov skaly.

It wasn't a very complete T. rex,

Nebol to úplne kompletný T. rex,

and it wasn't a very big T. rex,

a nebol to ani veľký T. rex,

but it was a very special B-rex.

bol to však veľmi výnimočný B-rex.

And I and my colleagues cut into it,

Spolu s kolegami sme doň zarezali

and we were able to determine,

a podarilo sa nám určiť

by looking at lines of arrested growth, some lines in it,

podľa niektorých rysov pozastaveného rastu,

that B-rex had died at the age of 16.

že B-rex zahynul vo veku 16 rokov.

We don't really know how long dinosaurs lived,

Zatiaľ nevieme, ako dlho žili dinosaury,

because we haven't found the oldest one yet.

keďže sme ešte nenašli toho najstaršieho.

But this one died at the age of 16.

Ale tento zahynul vo veku 16 rokov.

We gave samples to Mary Schweitzer,

Vzorky sme poskytli Mary Schweitzerovej

and she was actually able to determine

a jej sa podarilo určiť,

that B-rex was a female

že B-rex bola samica,

based on medullary tissue

a to na základe tkaniva z drene,

found on the inside of the bone.

čo sme našli vo vnútri kosti.

Medullary tissue is the calcium build-up,

Dreňové tkanivo je nahromadený vápnik,

the calcium storage basically,

skladisko vápnika

when an animal is pregnant,

pre tehotné samice,

when a bird is pregnant.

pre vtáčie tehotné samičky.

So here was the character

Čiže to bol znak,

that linked birds and dinosaurs.

ktorý spájal vtáky a dinosaury.

But Mary went further.

Ale Mary šla ešte ďalej.

She took the bone, and she dumped it into acid.

Vzala kosť a vložila ju do kyseliny.

Now we all know that bones are fossilized,

Všetci vieme, že kosti sú skamenelé,

and so if you dump it into acid,

takže keď ich ponoríte do kyseliny,

there shouldn't be anything left.

nemalo by z nich nič ostať.

But there was something left.

Ale tu niečo ostalo.

There were blood vessels left.

Zostali krvné cievy.

There were flexible, clear blood vessels.

Boli to pružné čisté krvné cievy.

And so here was the first soft tissue from a dinosaur.

Takže sme mali prvé mäkké tkanivo z dinosaura.

It was extraordinary.

Bolo to niečo mimoriadne.

But she also found osteocytes,

Ale našla aj osteocyty,

which are the cells that laid down the bones.

čo sú bunky, z ktorých sa skladajú kosti.

Napriek snahe sme nemohli nájsť DNA,

And try and try, we could not find DNA,

but she did find evidence of proteins.

ale ona našla stopu proteínov.

But we thought maybe --

Ale mysleli sme si možno –

well, we thought maybe

mysleli sme si, že možno sa

that the material was breaking down after it was coming out of the ground.

materiál rozložil, keď sme ho vykopali.

We thought maybe it was deteriorating very fast.

Možno sa príliš rýchlo zničil.

And so we built a laboratory

Tak sme si postavili laboratórium

in the back of an 18-wheeler trailer,

na korbe 18-kolesového prívesu

and actually took the laboratory to the field

a doslova sme si vzali laboratórium do terénu,

where we could get better samples.

kde sa dali získať lepšie vzorky.

And we did. We got better material.

A naozaj sme lepší materiál získali.

The cells looked better.

Bunky vyzerali lepšie.

The vessels looked better.

Cievy vyzerali lepšie.

Found the protein collagen.

Našli sme proteínový kolagén.

I mean, it was wonderful stuff.

Bol to krásny materiál.

But it's not dinosaur DNA.

Ale nie je to DNA dinosaura.

Tak sme zistili,

So we have discovered

that dinosaur DNA, and all DNA,

že dinosauria DNA a akákoľvek DNA

just breaks down too fast.

sa jednoducho rozkladá prirýchlo.

We're just not going to be able

Nikdy jednoducho nedokážeme to,

to do what they did in "Jurassic Park."

čo urobili v „Jurskom parku“.

We're not going to be able to make a dinosaur

Nebudeme vedieť vytvoriť dinosaura

based on a dinosaur.

z jeho vlastných kostí.

But birds are dinosaurs.

Ale vtáky sú dinosaury.

Vtáky sú žijúce dinosaury.

Birds are living dinosaurs.

Naozaj ich klasifikujeme ako dinosaury.

We actually classify them

as dinosaurs.

We now call them non-avian dinosaurs

Rozdeľujeme ich na nevtáčie

and avian dinosaurs.

a vtáčie dinosaury.

So the non-avian dinosaurs

Takže nevtáčie dinosaury

are the big clunky ones that went extinct.

sú tie obrovské, neohrabané, vyhynuté.

Avian dinosaurs are our modern birds.

Vtáčie dinosaury sú naše novodobé vtáky.

So we don't have to make a dinosaur

Takže ani nemusíme vytvárať dinosaura,

because we already have them.

keďže ho už vlastne máme.

(Laughter)

(smiech)

I know, you're as bad as the sixth-graders.

Ja viem, že ste zlomyseľní ako šiestaci.

(Laughter)

(smiech)

The sixth-graders look at it and they say, "No."

Šiestaci sa na to pozrú a povedia: „Nie“.

(Laughter)

(smiech)

"You can call it a dinosaur,

„Môžeme to nazývať dinosaurom,

but look at the velociraptor: the velociraptor is cool."

ale pozrite na velociraptora: velociraptory sú drsné.“

(Laughter)

(smiech)

"The chicken is not."

„Kurence nie sú.“

(Laughter)

(smiech)

So this is our problem,

Tak to je náš problém,

as you can imagine.

ako si iste viete predstaviť.

The chicken is a dinosaur.

Kura je dinosaurus.

I mean it really is.

Myslím to vážne.

You can't argue with it

Nemôžete to poprieť,

because we're the classifiers and we've classified it that way.

lebo my sme klasifikátori a my ich tak klasifikujeme.

(Laughter)

(smiech)

(Applause)

(potlesk)

But the sixth-graders demand it.

Ale šiestaci sú dotieraví.

"Fix the chicken."

„Opravte to kura.“

(Laughter)

(smiech)

So that's what I'm here to tell you about:

Takže o tom vám poviem:

how we are going to fix a chicken.

ako chceme opraviť kura.

So we have a number of ways

Je mnoho spôsobov,

that we actually can fix the chicken.

ako sa dajú opraviť kurence.

Because evolution works,

Pretože funguje evolúcia,

we actually have some evolutionary tools.

máme niektoré evolučné nástroje.

We'll call them biological modification tools.

Hovoríme im biologické modifikačné nástroje.

We have selection.

Máme selekciu.

And we know selection works.

A vieme, že selekcia funguje.

We started out with a wolf-like creature

Začínali sme stvorením, ktoré vyzerá ako vlk,

and we ended up with a Maltese.

a skončili sme maltezáčikom.

Chcem tým povedať, že...

I mean, that's --

that's definitely genetic modification.

je to určite genetická modifikácia.

Or any of the other funny-looking little dogs.

Alebo ktorýkoľvek z tých smiešne vyzerajúcich psíkov.

We also have transgenesis.

Máme aj transgenózu.

Transgenesis is really cool too.

Transgenóza je tiež dosť drsná.

That's where you take a gene out of one animal and stick it in another one.

Vyberiete gén z jedného zvieraťa a strčíte ho do iného.

That's how people make GloFish.

Ľudia takto vyrábajú GloFish.

You take a glow gene

Vezmete fosforeskujúci gén

out of a coral or a jellyfish

z koralu či medúzy,

and you stick it in a zebrafish,

vrazíte ho do rybky zebričky

and, puff, they glow.

a aha, oni svetielkujú.

And that's pretty cool.

A to je fakt drsné.

And they obviously make a lot of money off of them.

A zjavne na tom zarábajú kopu peňazí.

And now they're making Glow-rabbits

A teraz vyrábajú aj svietiace králiky

and Glow-all-sorts-of-things.

a všetko, čo môže svietiť.

I guess we could make a glow chicken.

Možno sa dajú urobiť aj svietiace kurence.

(Laughter)

(smiech)

But I don't think that'll satisfy the sixth-graders either.

Ale myslím, že ani toto šiestakov neuspokojí.

But there's another thing.

Ale je tu ďalšia vec,

There's what we call atavism activation.

ktorú nazývame aktivácia atavizmu.

And atavism activation

Aktivácia atavizmu

is basically --

je v podstate –

an atavism is an ancestral characteristic.

atavizmus je znak po predkoch.

You heard

Už ste asi počuli,

that occasionally children are born with tails,

že sem-tam sa rodia deti s chvostom,

and it's because it's an ancestral characteristic.

a práve to je znak po predkoch.

And so there are a number of atavisms

Existuje mnoho atavizmov,

that can happen.

ktoré sa môžu objaviť.

Snakes are occasionally born with legs.

Hady sa občas rodia s nohami.

And here's an example.

A tu je jeden príklad.

This is a chicken with teeth.

Toto je kura so zubami.

A fellow by the name of Matthew Harris

Kolega Matthew Harris

at the University of Wisconsin in Madison

z univerzity v Madisone v štáte Wisconsin

actually figured out a way to stimulate

objavil spôsob, ako aktivovať

the gene for teeth,

zubný gén,

and so was able to actually turn the tooth gene on

a dokázal ho skutočne prebudiť

and produce teeth in chickens.

a vyvolať u kuriat rast zubov.

Now that's a good characteristic.

Toto je dobrý znak.

We can save that one.

Ten si môžeme uchovať.

We know we can use that.

Vieme, že ho môžeme použiť.

We can make a chicken with teeth.

Môžeme vytvoriť kurence so zubami.

That's getting closer.

Už sa k tomu blížime.

That's better than a glowing chicken.

Je to lepšie ako svetielkujúce kura.

(Laughter)

(smiech)

A friend of mine, a colleague of mine,

Môj priateľ a kolega

Dr. Hans Larsson at McGill University,

Dr. Hans Larsson z McGill University

is actually looking at atavisms.

sa zameriava na atavizmy.

And he's looking at them

Zaoberá sa tým,

by looking at the embryo genesis of birds

že skúma pôvod embryí vtákov

and actually looking at how they develop,

a sleduje, ako sa embryá vyvíjajú.

Zaujíma sa tiež o to, ako vlastne vtáky prišli o chvost.

and he's interested in how birds actually lost their tail.

He's also interested in the transformation

Zaujíma sa tiež o premenu

of the arm, the hand, to the wing.

končatiny, ruky na krídlo.

He's looking for those genes as well.

A hľadá zodpovedajúce gény.

And I said, "Well, if you can find those,

Povedal som: „Ak ich nájdeš,

I can just reverse them

môžem ich zameniť

and make what I need to make for the sixth-graders."

a vytvoriť to, čo potrebujem pre šiestakov.“

And so he agreed.

Tak súhlasil.

And so that's what we're looking into.

A teraz to preverujeme.

If you look at dinosaur hands,

Ak sa pozriete na dinosaurie ruky,

a velociraptor

velociraptor

has that cool-looking hand with the claws on it.

mal drsne vyzerajúcu ruku s pazúrmi.

Archaeopteryx, which is a bird, a primitive bird,

Archaeopteryx, čo je primitívny vták,

still has that very primitive hand.

mal ruku ešte veľmi zaostalú.

But as you can see, the pigeon,

Ale ako vidíte, holub,

or a chicken or anything else, another bird,

kura alebo akýkoľvek iný vták

has kind of a weird-looking hand,

má čudne vyzerajúcu ruku,

pretože z ruky sa stalo krídlo.

because the hand is a wing.

But the cool thing is

Ale drsná vec je,

that, if you look in the embryo,

že ak sa pozriete

na vývoj embrya,

as the embryo is developing

ruka vyzerá

the hand actually looks

takmer ako ruka Archaeopteryxa.

pretty much like the archaeopteryx hand.

It has the three fingers, the three digits.

Na ruke má tri prsty, tri články.

But a gene turns on that actually fuses those together.

Ale potom sa aktivuje gén, ktorý ich spojí.

And so what we're looking for is that gene.

Takže my vlastne hľadáme ten gén.

We want to stop that gene from turning on,

Chceme mu zabrániť, aby sa aktivoval a spojil tie prsty.

fusing those hands together,

so we can get a chicken that hatches out with a three-fingered hand,

Tak môžeme získať kura, ktoré sa vyliahne s tromi prstami,

like the archaeopteryx.

ako má Archaeopteryx.

And the same goes for the tails.

A to platí rovnako pre chvosty.

Birds have basically

Vtáky majú v podstate

rudimentary tails.

zakrpatené chvosty.

And so we know

A my vieme,

that in embryo,

že v embryu,

as the animal is developing,

keď sa zviera vyvíja,

it actually has a relatively long tail.

má chvost pomerne dlhý.

But a gene turns on

Ale s aktiváciou génu

and resorbs the tail, gets rid of it.

sa chvost vstrebe, zviera sa ho zbaví.

So that's the other gene we're looking for.

To je ďalší gén, ktorý hľadáme.

We want to stop that tail from resorbing.

Chceme zachrániť chvost pred pohltením.

So what we're trying to do really

Takže sa veľmi snažíme

is take our chicken,

zobrať naše kura,

modify it

pozmeniť ho

and make the chickenosaurus.

a vytvoriť kurosaura.

(Laughter)

(smiech)

It's a cooler-looking chicken.

Je to kura s drsnejším výzorom.

But it's just the very basics.

Ale to je iba začiatok.

So that really is what we're doing.

Tak to naozaj robíme.

And people always say, "Why do that?

Ľudia sa vždy pýtajú: „Prečo to robíte?

Why make this thing?

Na čo vytvárať niečo také?

What good is it?"

Na čo je to dobré?“

Well, that's a good question.

To je dobrá otázka.

Actually, I think it's a great way to teach kids

Myslím, že to je skvelý spôsob, ako učiť deti

about evolutionary biology

evolučnú biológiu, vývojovú biológiu

and developmental biology

and all sorts of things.

a podobné záležitosti.

And quite frankly, I think

A myslím si,

že ak by sa Colonel Sanders (zakladateľ KFC)

if Colonel Sanders

was to be careful how he worded it,

vyjadroval prezieravejšie,

he could actually advertise an extra piece.

mohol robiť reklamu aj na extra kus.

(Laughter)

(smiech)

Anyway --

V každom prípade...

When our dino-chicken hatches,

Ak sa naše dino-kura vyliahne,

it will be, obviously, the poster child,

bude to iste zaujímavý reklamný pútač,

or what you might call a poster chick,

alebo možno by sme mali povedať reklamný vtáčik

for technology, entertainment and design.

na technológiu, zábavu a dizajn.

Thank you.

Ďakujem vám.

(Applause)

(potlesk)