New insights on poverty | Hans Rosling

Traducător: Cristi Grigore Corector: Laszlo Kereszturi

I told you three things last year.

Anul trecut v-am spus trei lucruri.

I told you that the statistics of the world

V-am spus ca statisticile despre lumea in care traim

have not been made properly available.

nu au fost date publicitatii in mod potrivit.

Because of that, we still have the old mindset

Din aceasta cauza, inca mai avem o viziune invechita

of developing in industrialized countries, which is wrong.

a tarilor in curs de dezvoltare si a celor industrializate, care este gresita.

And that animated graphics can make a difference.

Iar graficele animate pot arata lucrurile intr-un mod diferit.

Things are changing

Lucurile se schimba.

and today, on the United Nations Statistic Division Home Page,

Si astazi, pe pagina de internet a Diviziei de Statistici a Natiunilor Unite,

it says, by first of May, full access to the databases.

este specificat, de la 1 mai, access nerestrictionat la bazele de date.

(Applause)

(Aplauze)

And if I could share the image with you on the screen.

Si acum va voi arata imaginea pe ecran.

So three things have happened.

Deci, trei evenimente au avut loc.

U.N. opened their statistic databases,

Natiunile Unite si-au facut publice bazele de date,

and we have a new version of the software

si avem o noua versiune de software

up working as a beta on the net,

care functioneaza online,

so you don't have to download it any longer.

deci nu mai trebuie sa o descarcati local.

And let me repeat what you saw last year.

Si acum voi repeta ce ati vazut anul trecut.

The bubbles are the countries.

Bulele reprezinta tari.

Here you have the fertility rate -- the number of children per woman --

Aici avem rata fertilitatii - numarul de copii pe femeie -

and there you have the length of life in years.

si aici avem durata vietii in ani.

This is 1950 -- those were the industrialized countries,

Aici e 1950 - acelea sunt tarile industrializate,

those were developing countries.

acelea sunt tarile in curs de dezvoltare.

At that time there was a "we" and "them."

In acel moment exista un "noi" si "ei".

There was a huge difference in the world.

Exista o diferenta foarte mare in lume.

But then it changed, and it went on quite well.

Dar apoi a aparut o schimbare, iar lucrurile au evoluat chiar spre bine.

And this is what happens.

Si uitati ce se intampla.

You can see how China is the red, big bubble.

Vedeti China, care este bula cea mare si rosie;

The blue there is India.

albastrul de acolo e India.

And they go over all this -- I'm going to try to be

Voi incerca sa fiu

a little more serious this year in showing you

un pic mai serios anul acesta cand va voi arata

how things really changed.

cum lucrurile s-au schimbat cu adevarat.

And it's Africa that stands out as the problem down here, doesn't it?

Si e Africa care e evident o problema aici jos, nu-i asa?

Large families still, and the HIV epidemic

Inca mai exista familii mari si epidemia HIV

brought down the countries like this.

au adus tarile in partea de jos, asa cum vedeti.

This is more or less what we saw last year,

Partea asta seamana, mai mult sau mai putin, cu ce am vazut si anul trecut,

and this is how it will go on into the future.

si asa vor evolua lucrurile in viitor.

And I will talk on, is this possible?

Si voi vorbi despre, e asta posibil?

Because you see now, I presented statistics that don't exist.

Pentru ca eu am prezentat acum statistici care nu exista.

Because this is where we are.

Pentru ca aici suntem noi acum.

Will it be possible that this will happen?

Chiar e posibil sa se intample asta?

I cover my lifetime here, you know?

Acopar intreaga perioada a vietii mele aici, intelegeti?

I expect to live 100 years.

Ma astept sa traiesc 100 de ani.

And this is where we are today.

Si aici suntem astazi.

Now could we look here instead at the economic situation in the world?

Acum sa ne uitam aici in loc de situatia economica in lume.

And I would like to show that against child survival.

Si vreau sa va arat aceasta raportata la rata de supravietuire a copiilor.

We'll swap the axis.

Schimbam axele:

Here you have child mortality -- that is, survival --

aici avem mortalitatea infantila - adica, rata de supravietuire

four kids dying there, 200 dying there.

4 copii mor aici, 200 aici

And this is GDP per capita on this axis.

Si pe aceasta axa avem GDP per capita

And this was 2007.

Si aici a fost 2007.

And if I go back in time, I've added some historical statistics --

Si daca mergem inapoi in timp, am adaugat niste statistici istorice -

here we go, here we go, here we go -- not so much statistics 100 years ago.

mergem, mergem, mergem - nu sunt asa de multe statistici de acum 100 de ani.

Some countries still had statistics.

Unele tari insa aveau statistici.

We are looking down in the archive,

Ne uitam in arhiva,

and when we are down into 1820,

si acum am ajuns in 1820,

there is only Austria and Sweden that can produce numbers.

doar Austria si Suedia pot oferi cifre.

(Laughter)

(Rasete)

But they were down here. They had 1,000 dollars per person per year.

Dar erau aici jos, aveau 1000 de dolari de persoana pe an.

And they lost one-fifth of their kids before their first birthday.

Si pierdeau o cincime din copii inainte de prima lor aniversare.

So this is what happens in the world, if we play the entire world.

Deci asta e ce se intampla in lume, daca derulam lumea intreaga

How they got slowly richer and richer,

cum au devenit ei incet mai bogati, si mai bogati,

and they add statistics.

si se adauga statistici.

Isn't it beautiful when they get statistics?

Nu-i asa ca e frumos cand se adauga statistici?

You see the importance of that?

Vedeti cat e de important acest lucru?

And here, children don't live longer.

Si aici copii nu traiesc mai mult.

The last century, 1870, was bad for the kids in Europe,

In secolul trecut, 1870, a fost nefast pentru copii in Europa.

because most of this statistics is Europe.

pentru ca majoritatea acestor statistici sunt din Europa.

It was only by the turn of the century

Abia spre sfarsitul secolului

that more than 90 percent of the children survived their first year.

mai mult de 90% dintre copii supravietuiesc mai mult de un an.

This is India coming up, with the first data from India.

Aici vedem India cum apare, cu primele date din India.

And this is the United States moving away here, earning more money.

Si aici sunt Statele Unite indepartandu-se, castigand mai multi bani.

And we will soon see China coming up in the very far end corner here.

Si in curand vom vedea China cum apare in cel mai indepartat colt aici.

And it moves up with Mao Tse-Tung getting health,

Si se misca in sus cu Mao Tse-Tung, castigand la sanatate,

not getting so rich.

fara sa devina mai bogati.

There he died, then Deng Xiaoping brings money.

Aici a murit, apoi Deng Xiaoping aduce bani,

It moves this way over here.

si se misca in partea asta.

And the bubbles keep moving up there,

Iar bulele continua sa se miste incolo sus,

and this is what the world looks like today.

si asa arata lumea astazi.

(Applause)

(Aplauze)

Let us have a look at the United States.

Haideti sa ne uitam la Statele Unite.

We have a function here -- I can tell the world, "Stay where you are."

Avem aici o functie - pot spune lumii, "Stai unde esti."

And I take the United States -- we still want to see the background --

Si iau Statele Unite - inca vrem sa mai vedem fundalul -

I put them up like this, and now we go backwards.

Le pun aici sus asa, si acum mergem inapoi in timp.

And we can see that the United States

Si vedem cum Statele Unite

goes to the right of the mainstream.

se duce spre dreapta fata de majoritate.

They are on the money side all the time.

Sunt pe partea cu bani tot timpul.

And down in 1915, the United States was a neighbor of India --

Si aici jos in 1915, Statele Unite erau langa India -

present, contemporary India.

India de acum, India contemporana.

And that means United States was richer,

Si asta inseamna ca Statele Unite erau mai bogate,

but lost more kids than India is doing today, proportionally.

dar pierdeau, proportional, mai multi copii decat pierde India acum.

And look here -- compare to the Philippines of today.

Si uitati-va aici - comparata cu Filipine de astazi.

The Philippines of today has almost the same economy

Filipine, astazi, are aproape aceeasi economie

as the United States during the First World War.

pe care o aveau Statele Unite in timpul Primului Razboi Mondial.

But we have to bring United States forward quite a while

Dar trebuie sa aducem Statele Unite inainte in timp destul de mult

to find the same health of the United States

ca sa gasim acelasi grad de sanatate in Statele Unite

as we have in the Philippines.

cum avem in Filipine.

About 1957 here, the health of the United States

Aici, in 1957, gradul de sanatate al Statelor Unite

is the same as the Philippines.

e acelasi ca in Filipine.

And this is the drama of this world which many call globalized,

Si asta e drama acestei lumi pe care multi o numesc globalizata,

is that Asia, Arabic countries, Latin America,

faptul ca Asia, tarile arabe, America Latina,

are much more ahead in being healthy, educated,

sunt mult mai inaintate in sanatate, educatie,

having human resources than they are economically.

avind resursele umane decat sunt din punct de vedere economic.

There's a discrepancy in what's happening today

Aceasta e discrepanta in ceea ce se intimpla astazi

in the emerging economies.

in economiile emergente.

There now, social benefits, social progress,

Acolo, in momentul de fata, beneficiile sociale, progresul social,

are going ahead of economical progress.

sunt mai avansate decat progresul economic.

And 1957 -- the United States had the same economy as Chile has today.

Si in 1957 - Statele Unite aveau aceeasi economie ca Chile astazi.

And how long do we have to bring United States

Si cat de mult trebuie sa avansam Statele Unite

to get the same health as Chile has today?

ca sa ajungem la acelasi nivel de sanatate cum are Chile astazi?

I think we have to go, there -- we have 2001, or 2002 --

Cred ca trebuie sa mergem, aici - avem 2001, sau 2002 -

the United States has the same health as Chile.

Statele Unite au acelasi nivel de sanatate ca Chile astazi..

Chile's catching up!

Chile vine puternic din urma!

Within some years Chile may have better child survival

In cativa e posibil ca Chile sa aiba o rata a supravietuirii infantile

than the United States.

mai buna decat Statele Unite.

This is really a change, that you have this lag

Asta chiar e o schimbare, faptul ca avem aceasta intarziere

of more or less 30, 40 years' difference on the health.

de, mai mult sau mai putin, 30 - 40 de ani in materie de sanatate.

And behind the health is the educational level.

Iar in spatele sanatatii sta nivelul educatiei.

And there's a lot of infrastructure things,

Si mai sunt si multe altele legate de infrastructura,

and general human resources are there.

si resuresele umane in general.

Now we can take away this --

Acum putem sa luam asta de aici -

and I would like to show you the rate of speed,

si as vrea sa va arat viteza,

the rate of change, how fast they have gone.

rata schimbarii, cat de repede s-au miscat.

And we go back to 1920, and I want to look at Japan.

Si mergem inapoi in 1920, si vreau sa va uitati la Japonia.

And I want to look at Sweden and the United States.

Si vreau sa va uitati la Suedia si la Statele Unite.

And I'm going to stage a race here

Si vom organiza o cursa acum

between this sort of yellowish Ford here

intre Ford-ul asta galben de aici

and the red Toyota down there,

si Toyota cea rosie de aici jos,

and the brownish Volvo.

Si Volvo-ul maroniu.

(Laughter)

(Rasete)

And here we go. Here we go.

Si am inceput, am inceput.

The Toyota has a very bad start down here, you can see,

Toyota are un start foarte prost acolo jos, vedeti,

and the United States Ford is going off-road there.

iar Statele Unite, Ford, cam ies de pe drum acolo.

And the Volvo is doing quite fine.

Iar Volvo-ul se descurca chiar bine.

This is the war. The Toyota got off track, and now

Acesta e razboiul. Toyota a iesit de pe drum de tot, iar acum

the Toyota is coming on the healthier side of Sweden --

Toyota revine pe partea mai sanatoasa a Suediei -

can you see that?

vedeti?

And they are taking over Sweden,

Si depaseste Suedia,

and they are now healthier than Sweden.

iar acum sunt mai sanatosi decat Suedia.

That's the part where I sold the Volvo and bought the Toyota.

Aici e momentul in care mi-am vandut Volvo-ul si mi-am luat o Toyota.

(Laughter)

(Rasete)

And now we can see that the rate of change was enormous in Japan.

Si acum vedeti ca viteza de schimbare a fost extrem de mare in Japonia.

They really caught up.

Chiar au venit puternic din urma.

And this changes gradually.

Dar aceste schimbari sunt graduale.

We have to look over generations to understand it.

Trebuie sa avem o viziune de mai multe generatii ca sa intelegem.

And let me show you my own sort of family history --

Si sa va arat propria mea istorie de familie -

we made these graphs here.

am facut graficele astea de aici.

And this is the same thing, money down there, and health, you know?

Si aici e acelasi lucru, bani aici jos, si sanatatea, intelegeti?

And this is my family.

Iar asta e familia mea.

This is Sweden, 1830, when my great-great-grandma was born.

Asta e Suedia, 1830, cand stra-stra-bunica mea s-a nascut.

Sweden was like Sierra Leone today.

Suedia era cum e Sierra Leone astazi.

And this is when great-grandma was born, 1863.

Iar aici e cand stra-bunica mea s-a nascut, 1863.

And Sweden was like Mozambique.

Si Suedia era ca Mozambic.

And this is when my grandma was born, 1891.

Iar aici e cand bunica mea s-a nascut, 1891.

She took care of me as a child,

Ea a avut grija de mine cand eram copil,

so I'm not talking about statistic now --

deci nu mai vorbesc despre statistici acum -

now it's oral history in my family.

acum este despre istoria familiei mele.

That's when I believe statistics,

Eu cred in statistici doar intr-un singur mod,

when it's grandma-verified statistics.

atunci cand sunt statistici verificate de bunica.

(Laughter)

(Rasete)

I think it's the best way of verifying historical statistics.

Cred ca e cea mai buna metoda de a verifica statistici istorice.

Sweden was like Ghana.

Suedia era ca Ghana.

It's interesting to see the enormous diversity

E interesant sa vezi gradul enorm de diversitate

within sub-Saharan Africa.

din Africa sub-Sahariana.

I told you last year, I'll tell you again,

V-am spus-o anul trecut, v-o mai spun odata,

my mother was born in Egypt, and I -- who am I?

mama mea s-a nascut in Egipt, iar eu - eu cine sunt?

I'm the Mexican in the family.

Eu sunt mexicanul familiei.

And my daughter, she was born in Chile,

Si fiica mea, ea s-a nascut in Chile,

and the grand-daughter was born in Singapore,

si neapoata mea s-a nascut in Singapore,

now the healthiest country on this Earth.

acum cea mai sanatoasa tara in lume.

It bypassed Sweden about two to three years ago,

A intrecut Suedia acum cam doi sau trei ani,

with better child survival.

cu o rata de supravietuire infantila mai mare.

But they're very small, you know?

Dar e o tara foarte mica, doar stiti.

They're so close to the hospital we can never

Sunt asa de aproape de spital,

beat them out in these forests.

incat nu ii putem intrece in padurile astea.

(Laughter)

(Rasete)

But homage to Singapore.

Dar aduc un omagiu Singapore-lui.

Singapore is the best one.

Singapore sunt cei mai tari, acum.

Now this looks also like a very good story.

Si asta se pare ca e o poveste foarte buna.

But it's not really that easy, that it's all a good story.

Dar, in realitate, nu este atat de simplu, ca e o poveste buna in intregime.

Because I have to show you one of the other facilities.

Pentru ca trebuie sa va arat una dintre celelalte facilitati.

We can also make the color here represent the variable --

Putem sa facem culoarea sa reprezinte o variabila -

and what am I choosing here?

si ce aleg eu aici?

Carbon-dioxide emission, metric ton per capita.

Emisii de dioxid de carbon, tone metrice per capita.

This is 1962, and United States was emitting 16 tons per person.

Aici e 1962, si Statele Unite emanau 16 tone de persoana.

And China was emitting 0.6,

Si China emana 0,6

and India was emitting 0.32 tons per capita.

iar India emana 0.32 tone per capita.

And what happens when we moved on?

Si ce s-a intamplat cand am avansat in timp?

Well, you see the nice story of getting richer

Pai vedeti povestea frumoasa a devenirii mai bogati

and getting healthier --

si mai sanatosi -

everyone did it at the cost of emission of carbon dioxide.

toata lumea au facut-o cu costul emisiilor de dioxid de carbon.

There is no one who has done it so far.

Nu e nimeni care sa nu o fi facut asa pana acum.

And we don't have all the updated data

Si nu avem toate datele la zi

any longer, because this is really hot data today.

pentru ca aceste informatii sunt foarte importante astazi.

And there we are, 2001.

Si am ajuns in 2001.

And in the discussion I attended with global leaders, you know,

In discutiile la care am participat cu liderii mondiali, stiti,

many say now the problem is that the emerging economies,

multi spun ca, acum, problema majora sunt economiile emergente,

they are getting out too much carbon dioxide.

emit prea mult dioxid de carbon.

The Minister of the Environment of India said,

Ministrul mediului din India a spus:

"Well, you were the one who caused the problem."

"Pai, voi ati fost cei care ati cauzat problema.

The OECD countries -- the high-income countries --

tarile membre OECD - tarile cu venituri mari -

they were the ones who caused the climate change.

ele au fost cele care au cauzat schimbarile climatice.

"But we forgive you, because you didn't know it.

Dar va iertam, pentru ca nu ati stiut ce faceti.

But from now on, we count per capita.

Dar de acum inainte, vom calcula per capita.

From now on we count per capita.

De acum vom calcula per capita.

And everyone is responsible for the per capita emission."

Si fiecare e responsabil de emisiile per capita."

This really shows you, we have not seen good economic

Asta arata de fapt ca nu am vazut un progress economic

and health progress anywhere in the world

sau in sanatate solide nicaieri in lume

without destroying the climate.

fara a distruge clima.

And this is really what has to be changed.

Si de fapt asta trebuie schimbat.

I've been criticized for showing you a too positive image of the world,

Am fost criticat pentru ca v-am aratat o imagine prea pozitiva a lumii,

but I don't think it's like this.

dar eu nu cred ca e asa.

The world is quite a messy place.

Lumea e un loc destul de dezordonat.

This we can call Dollar Street.

Putem numi asta Strada Dolarului.

Everyone lives on this street here.

Toata lumea locuieste pe aceasta strada.

What they earn here -- what number they live on --

Ce castiga ei aici - numarul la care locuiesc -

is how much they earn per day.

este de fapt cat castiga pe zi.

This family earns about one dollar per day.

Familia asta castiga cam un dollar pe zi.

We drive up the street here,

Mergem cu masina in sus pe strada, aici,

we find a family here which earns about two to three dollars a day.

gasim aici o familie care castiga cam doi, trei dolari pe zi.

And we drive away here -- we find the first garden in the street,

Si mai mergem putin - gasim prima gradina de pe strada aceasta,

and they earn 10 to 50 dollars a day.

iar ei castiga intre 10 si 50 de dolari pe zi.

And how do they live?

Si cum traiesc ei?

If we look at the bed here, we can see

Daca ne uitam la pat aici, putem vedea

that they sleep on a rug on the floor.

ca ei dorm pe pe o carpeta pe podea.

This is what poverty line is --

Asta inseamna de fapt limita saraciei - 80% din veniturile familiei

80 percent of the family income is just to cover the energy needs,

sunt folosite doar pentru a acoperi nevoile energetice,

the food for the day.

mancarea pentru ziua in curs.

This is two to five dollars. You have a bed.

Aici sunt intre 2 si 5 dolari, ai un pat.

And here it's a much nicer bedroom, you can see.

Aici ai un dormitor mult mai frumos, puteti vedea.

I lectured on this for Ikea, and they wanted to see

Am tinut prezentarea asta pentru Ikea, iar ei au vrut

the sofa immediately here.

sa putem vedea o canapea exact aici.

(Laughter)

(Rasete)

And this is the sofa, how it will emerge from there.

Si aici e canapeaua, insa va aparea abia de acolo.

And the interesting thing, when you go around here in the photo panorama,

Si cel mai interesant lucru, cand va duceti acolo si va uitati la panorama,

you see the family still sitting on the floor there.

vedeti familia inca stand pe podea,

Although there is a sofa,

cu toate ca exista o canapea.

if you watch in the kitchen, you can see that

Daca va uitati in bucatarie, vedeti ca marea diferenta

the great difference for women does not come between one to 10 dollars.

pentru femei nu vine intre 1 si 10 dolari.

It comes beyond here, when you really can get

Vine dupa asta, abia atunci cand ai

good working conditions in the family.

conditii bune de munca in familie.

And if you really want to see the difference,

Si daca chiar vrei sa vezi diferenta,

you look at the toilet over here.

te uiti la toaleta de aici.

This can change. This can change.

Acest lucru se poate schimba, asta se poate schimba.

These are all pictures and images from Africa,

Toate aceste imagini sunt din Africa,

and it can become much better.

unde conditiile pot deveni mai bune.

We can get out of poverty.

Putem iesi din saracie.

My own research has not been in IT or anything like this.

Propriile mele cercetari nu au fost in IT sau ceva asemanator.

I spent 20 years in interviews with African farmers

Am petrecut 20 de ani intervievand fermieri africani

who were on the verge of famine.

care erau la limita foamei.

And this is the result of the farmers-needs research.

Iar astea sunt rezultatele cercetarii bazate pe nevoile acelor fermieri.

The nice thing here is that you can't see

Ce e bun aici e ca nu poti vedea

who are the researchers in this picture.

cine sunt cercetatorii.

That's when research functions in poor societies --

Asa e atunci cind cercetarea functioneaza in slujba societatii -

you must really live with the people.

chiar trebuie sa traiesti cu oamenii.

When you're in poverty, everything is about survival.

Cand esti sarac, totul se reduce la supravietuire.

It's about having food.

Totul e sa ai ce manca.

And these two young farmers, they are girls now --

Si aceste doua fete fermier -

because the parents are dead from HIV and AIDS --

fiindca parintii lor au murit de HIV si SIDA -

they discuss with a trained agronomist.

discuta cu un specialist agronom.

This is one of the best agronomists in Malawi, Junatambe Kumbira,

Acesta e unul dintre cei mai buni agronomi din Malawi, Junatambe Kumbira,

and he's discussing what sort of cassava they will plant --

si discuta despre ce fel de manioc vor planta -

the best converter of sunshine to food that man has found.

cel mai bun convertor de raze solare in mancare descoperit pana acum.

And they are very, very eagerly interested to get advice,

Si sunt foarte, foarte interesate de a primi sfaturi,

and that's to survive in poverty.

si asta inseamna a supravietui in saracie.

That's one context.

Acesta e un aspect.

Getting out of poverty.

Iesirea din saracie.

The women told us one thing. "Get us technology.

Femeile ne-au spus un singur lucru: "Aduce-ti-ne tehnologie".

We hate this mortar, to stand hours and hours.

Detestam mojarul asta, dureaza ore si ore.

Get us a mill so that we can mill our flour,

Adu-ne o moara ca sa ne putem macina faina,

then we will be able to pay for the rest ourselves."

si apoi vom putea sa platim pentru restul singure."

Technology will bring you out of poverty,

Tehnologia ne va scoate din saracie,

but there's a need for a market to get away from poverty.

dar e nevoie de o piata ca sa poti iesi din saracie.

And this woman is very happy now, bringing her products to the market.

Si aceasta femeie e foarte fericita acum, ducandu-si produsele la piata.

But she's very thankful for the public investment in schooling

Dar e foarte recunoscatoare pentru banii pubilici investiti in scolarizare

so she can count, and won't be cheated when she reaches the market.

pentru ca ea poate acum numara, nu mai poate fi inselata cand ajunge la piata.

She wants her kid to be healthy, so she can go to the market

Vrea sa aiba un copil sanatos, ca sa se poata duce la piata

and doesn't have to stay home.

si sa nu fie nevoita sa stea acasa.

And she wants the infrastructure -- it is nice with a paved road.

Si vrea infrastructura - e bine sa ai o strada pavata

It's also good with credit.

Se poate face bine si prin credite.

Micro-credits gave her the bicycle, you know.

Micro-creditele i-au dat o bicicleta, sa stiti.

And information will tell her when to go to market with which product.

Iar accesul la informatie ii va spune cand si cu ce produs sa se duca la piata.

You can do this.

Asta se poate face.

I find my experience from 20 years of Africa is that

Experienta mea de 20 de ani in Africa

the seemingly impossible is possible.

imi spune ca imposibilul e posibil.

Africa has not done bad.

Africa nu a mers prost.

In 50 years they've gone from a pre-Medieval situation

In 50 de ani au progresat de la o situatie pre-medievala

to a very decent 100-year-ago Europe,

la o stare decenta similara cu Europa acum 100 de ani

with a functioning nation and state.

cu natiuni si state functionale.

I would say that sub-Saharan Africa has done best in the world

As putea spune ca Africa sub-Sahariana a progresat cel mai mult in lume

during the last 50 years.

in ultimii 50 de ani.

Because we don't consider where they came from.

Pentru ce nu luam in considerare de unde au plecat.

It's this stupid concept of developing countries

E acest concept stupid de tari in curs de dezvlotare

that puts us, Argentina and Mozambique together 50 years ago,

care ne pune pe noi, Argentina si Mozambic impreuna, acum 50 de ani,

and says that Mozambique did worse.

si spune ca Mozambic a mers cel mai prost.

We have to know a little more about the world.

Trebuie sa stim ceva mai mult despre lume.

I have a neighbor who knows 200 types of wine.

Am un vecin care cunoaste 200 de tipuri de vin.

He knows everything.

Stie tot.

He knows the name of the grape, the temperature and everything.

Stie numele strugurilor, temperatura si orice altceva.

I only know two types of wine -- red and white.

Eu stiu doar doua tipuri de vin - rosu si alb.

(Laughter)

(Rasete)

But my neighbor only knows two types of countries --

Dar vecinul meu stie doar doua feluri de tari -

industrialized and developing.

industrializate si in dezvoltare.

And I know 200, I know about the small data.

Iar eu stiu 200, eu cunosc datele de amanunt.

But you can do that.

Dar si voi puteti face asta.

(Applause)

(Aplauze)

But I have to get serious. And how do you get serious?

Dar trebuie sa devin serios. Si cum devii serios?

You make a PowerPoint, you know?

Faci o prezentare in PowerPoint, stiti?

(Laughter)

(Rasete)

Homage to the Office package, no?

Omagiu aduc pachetului Office, nu?

What is this, what is this, what am I telling?

Ce e asta, ce e asta, ce spun eu aici?

I'm telling you that there are many dimensions of development.

Va spun ca sunt multe aspecte ale dezvoltarii.

Everyone wants your pet thing.

Fiecare isi iubeste propriile interese.

If you are in the corporate sector, you love micro-credit.

Daca te afli in sectorul corporate, iubesti micro-creditul.

If you are fighting in a non-governmental organization,

Daca lupti intr-o organizatie non-guvernamentala,

you love equity between gender.

iubesti egalitatea dintre sexe.

Or if you are a teacher, you'll love UNESCO, and so on.

Sau daca esti profesor, iubesti UNESCO, si asa mai departe.

On the global level, we have to have more than our own thing.

La nivel global, trebuie sa avem in vedere mai mult decat propriile interse.

We need everything.

Trebuie sa avem in vedere totul.

All these things are important for development,

Toate aceste lucruri sunt importante pentru dezvoltare,

especially when you just get out of poverty

mai ales atunci cand abia ai iesit din saracie

and you should go towards welfare.

si ar trebui sa te indrepti spre bunastare.

Now, what we need to think about

Lurucurile la care trebuie sa na gandim acum sunt:

is, what is a goal for development,

care este scopul dezvoltarii

and what are the means for development?

si care sunt metodele acestei dezvoltari?

Let me first grade what are the most important means.

Vreau sa evaluez mai intai care sunt cele mai importante metode.

Economic growth to me, as a public-health professor,

Cresterea economica, pentru mine, ca profesor de sanatate publica,

is the most important thing for development

este cel mai important lucru pentru dezvoltare,

because it explains 80 percent of survival.

pentru ca sta la baza a 80% din supravietuire.

Governance. To have a government which functions --

Administrare. A avea un guvern care functioneaza -

that's what brought California out of the misery of 1850.

asta a scos California din mizerie in 1850.

It was the government that made law function finally.

Guvernul a fost cel care a facut legea sa functioneze, in final.

Education, human resources are important.

Educatia, resursele umane sunt si ele importante.

Health is also important, but not that much as a mean.

Sanatatea este deasemeni importanta, dar nu asa de mult ca o metoda.

Environment is important.

Mediul e important.

Human rights is also important, but it just gets one cross.

Drepturile omului sunt si ele importante, dar primeste doar un punct.

Now what about goals? Where are we going toward?

Dar telurile? Catre ce mergem inainte?

We are not interested in money.

Nu ne intereseaza banii.

Money is not a goal.

Banii nu sunt un tel.

It's the best mean, but I give it zero as a goal.

E cea mai buna metoda, dar ii dau zero puncte ca tel.

Governance, well it's fun to vote in a little thing,

Administratia, pai e amuzant sa votezi pentru ceva putin important,

but it's not a goal.

insa nu e un tel.

And going to school, that's not a goal, it's a mean.

Si mersul la scoala, acesta nu e un tel, e o metoda.

Health I give two points. I mean it's nice to be healthy

Pentru sanatate dau doua puncte. Chiar e bine sa fii sanatos

-- at my age especially -- you can stand here, you're healthy.

- cel putin la varsta mea - poti sa stai aici, esti sanatos.

And that's good, it gets two plusses.

Si asta e bine, primeste 2 plusuri.

Environment is very, very crucial.

Mediul este foarte, foarte important.

There's nothing for the grandkid if you don't save up.

Nu va mai fi nimic pentru nepoti daca nu salvam ceva.

But where are the important goals?

Dar care sunt telurile cele mai importante?

Of course, it's human rights.

Bineinteles, sunt drepturile omului.

Human rights is the goal,

Drepturile omului e telul,

but it's not that strong of a mean for achieving development.

dar nu e o metoda destul de puternica pentru a realiza dezvoltarea.

And culture. Culture is the most important thing, I would say,

Si cultura. Cultura este cel mai important lucru, as spune,

because that's what brings joy to life.

fiindca ea aduce bucurie in viata.

That's the value of living.

Aceasta e valoarea vietii.

So the seemingly impossible is possible.

Astfel incat ceea ce pare imposibil e posibil.

Even African countries can achieve this.

Chiar si tarile africane pot obtine asta.

And I've shown you the shot where the seemingly impossible is possible.

Si v-am aratat poza in care ceea ce pare imposibil e posibil.

And remember, please remember my main message,

Si nu uitati, va rog sa nu uitati mesajul meu principal,

which is this: the seemingly impossible is possible.

care e acesta: ceea ce pare imposibil e posibil.

We can have a good world.

Putem avea o lume buna.

I showed you the shots, I proved it in the PowerPoint,

V-am aratat pozele, am dovedit asta in Powerpoint,

and I think I will convince you also by culture.

si cred ca va voi convinge si prin cultura.

(Laughter)

(Rasete)

(Applause)

(Aplauze)

Bring me my sword!

Aduceti-mi sabia!

Sword swallowing is from ancient India.

Inghititul de sabii vine din vechea Indie.

It's a cultural expression that for thousands of years

Este o exprimare culturala care, de mii de ani,

has inspired human beings to think beyond the obvious.

a inspirat oamenii sa gandeasca dincolo de ceea ce e evident.

(Laughter)

(Rasete)

And I will now prove to you that the seemingly impossible is possible

Si va voi demonstra ca ceea ce pare imposibil e posibil.

by taking this piece of steel -- solid steel --

Voi lua aceasta bucata de otel - otel solid

this is the army bayonet from the Swedish Army, 1850,

aceasta e baioneta Armatei Suedeze, 1850,

in the last year we had war.

in ultimul an in care a fost razboi.

And it's all solid steel -- you can hear here.

Si e toata din otel - puteti auzi aici.

And I'm going to take this blade of steel,

Si voi lua aceasta lama din otel,

and push it down through my body of blood and flesh,

si o voi impinge prin corpul meu facut din sange si carne,

and prove to you that the seemingly impossible is possible.

si va voi dovedi ca ceea ce pare imposibil e posibil.

Can I request a moment of absolute silence?

Va cer un moment de tacere completa!

(Applause)

(Aplauze)