New insights on poverty | Hans Rosling

430,164 views ใƒป 2007-06-26

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Dan Liebeschutz ืžื‘ืงืจ: Assaf Tsafriri
00:25
I told you three things last year.
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ืืžืจืชื™ ืœื›ื ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื”
00:27
I told you that the statistics of the world
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ืืžืจืชื™ ืœื›ื ืฉื”ืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื
00:30
have not been made properly available.
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ืื™ื ื” ื ื’ื™ืฉื” ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืจืื•ื™ื™ื”
00:33
Because of that, we still have the old mindset
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ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื›ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ืฉื‘ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืชืคื™ืกืช ื”ืขื‘ืจ
00:35
of developing in industrialized countries, which is wrong.
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ืฉืœ ื—ืœื•ืงื” ืœืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืžืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื•ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืžืชื•ืขืฉื•ืช. ืฉื”ื™ื ืฉื’ื•ื™ื™ื”.
00:39
And that animated graphics can make a difference.
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ื•ืฉื’ืจืคื™ื ืžื•ื ืคืฉื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ
00:44
Things are changing
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืขืœื™ื”ื ื“ื™ื‘ืจืชื™ ืžืฉืชื ื™ื
00:46
and today, on the United Nations Statistic Division Home Page,
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ื•ื”ื™ื•ื, ื‘ืืชืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื˜ื™ื‘ืช ื”ืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื” ื‘ืื•"ื
00:50
it says, by first of May, full access to the databases.
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ื ืืžืจ ืฉื, ืฉืขื“ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืœืžืื™, ื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืžืœืื” ืœื‘ืกื™ืกื™ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข
00:55
(Applause)
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(ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
00:58
And if I could share the image with you on the screen.
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ื•ืื ืื•ื›ืœ ืœืฉืชืฃ ืื™ืชื›ื ืืช ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ืฉืขืœ ื”ืžืกืš
01:03
So three things have happened.
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ืื– ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืงืจื•
01:04
U.N. opened their statistic databases,
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ื”ืื•"ื ืคืชื— ืืช ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื
01:07
and we have a new version of the software
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ื•ืœื ื• ื™ืฉ ื’ืจืกื ื—ื“ืฉื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื”
01:11
up working as a beta on the net,
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ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ืช ื‘ืจืฉืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžืงื•ื•ื ืช
01:13
so you don't have to download it any longer.
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ื›ืš ืฉืื™ื ื›ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื“ ืื•ืชื” ื™ื•ืชืจ
01:16
And let me repeat what you saw last year.
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉืจืื™ืชื ืฉื ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื”
01:18
The bubbles are the countries.
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ื”ื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื”ื ื”ืืจืฆื•ืช
01:19
Here you have the fertility rate -- the number of children per woman --
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ื›ืืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ืืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืคืจื™ื•ืŸ - ืžืก' ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืœืื™ืฉื”
01:23
and there you have the length of life in years.
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ื•ืฉื ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ืืช ืชื•ื—ืœืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื - ื‘ืฉื ื™ื
01:27
This is 1950 -- those were the industrialized countries,
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ื–ื• ืฉื ืช 1950- ืืœื” ื”ื™ื• ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืชื•ืขืฉื•ืช
01:30
those were developing countries.
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ืืœื• ื”ื™ื• ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืžืชืคืชื—ื•ืช
01:31
At that time there was a "we" and "them."
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ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืชืงื•ืคื” ื”ื™ื• "ืื ื—ื ื•" ื•"ื”ื"
01:33
There was a huge difference in the world.
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ื”ื™ืชื” ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืขืฆื•ืžื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื
01:35
But then it changed, and it went on quite well.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื– ื–ื” ื”ืฉืชื ื”, ื•ื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื“ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘.
01:39
And this is what happens.
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ื•ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืงืจื”.
01:41
You can see how China is the red, big bubble.
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืื™ืš ืกื™ืŸ ื‘ืื“ื•ื, ื‘ื•ืขื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื”
01:44
The blue there is India.
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ื”ื›ื—ื•ืœ ืฉื ื–ื• ื”ื•ื“ื•
01:45
And they go over all this -- I'm going to try to be
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ื•ืื–.. ืื ื™ ืžื ืกื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช
01:48
a little more serious this year in showing you
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ืงืฆืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืจืฆื™ื ื™ ื”ืฉื ื” ื‘ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœื›ื
01:50
how things really changed.
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ืื™ืš ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืืžืช ื”ืฉืชื ื•
01:53
And it's Africa that stands out as the problem down here, doesn't it?
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ื•ื–ื• ืืคืจื™ืงื” ืฉืžืชื’ืœื” ื›ื‘ืขื™ื” ื›ืืŸ ืœืžื˜ื”, ืœื ื›ืš?
01:56
Large families still, and the HIV epidemic
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ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช, ื•ืžื’ื™ืคืช ื”ืื™ื™ื“ืก
01:59
brought down the countries like this.
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ื”ื•ืจื™ื“ื” ืืช ื”ืืจืฆื•ืช ื›ืืŸ ื›ื›ื”
02:01
This is more or less what we saw last year,
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ื–ื” ืคื—ื•ืช ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื” ืฉืจืื™ื ื• ืฉื ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื”
02:04
and this is how it will go on into the future.
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ื•ื›ืš ื–ื” ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื’ื ืœืขื‘ืจ ื”ืขืชื™ื“
02:07
And I will talk on, is this possible?
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ื•ืืžืฉื™ืš ืœื•ืžืจ, ื”ืื ื–ื” ืืคืฉืจื™?
02:09
Because you see now, I presented statistics that don't exist.
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ืžื™ื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืจืื™ืชื ืฉื”ืฆื’ืชื™ ืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื” ืฉืื™ื ื” ืงื™ื™ืžืช
02:13
Because this is where we are.
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ืžื™ื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ืืŸ ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืžืฆืื™ื
02:15
Will it be possible that this will happen?
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ื”ืื ื–ื” ืืคืฉืจื™ ืฉื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื™ืงืจื”?
02:19
I cover my lifetime here, you know?
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ืื ื™ ืžื›ืกื” ืืช ืžืฉืš ื—ื™ื™ ื›ืืŸ, ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื?
02:21
I expect to live 100 years.
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ืื ื™ ืžืฆืคื” ืœื—ื™ื•ืช 100 ืฉื ื”
02:23
And this is where we are today.
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ื•ื›ืืŸ ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ื™ื•ื
02:25
Now could we look here instead at the economic situation in the world?
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืืช ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื?
02:33
And I would like to show that against child survival.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ื–ืืช ืืœ ืžื•ืœ ืฉืจื™ื“ื•ืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื
02:38
We'll swap the axis.
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ื ืฉื—ืœืฃ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฆื™ืจื™ื
02:40
Here you have child mortality -- that is, survival --
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ื›ืืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืชืžื•ืชืช ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช - ื–ืืช ืื•ืžืจืช ืฉืจื™ื“ื•ืช
02:44
four kids dying there, 200 dying there.
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4 ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืžืชื™ื ื›ืืŸ, 200 ืžืชื™ื ืฉื
02:47
And this is GDP per capita on this axis.
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ื•ื–ื” ืชืœ"ื’ ืœื ืคืฉ ืขืœ ื”ืฆื™ืจ
02:50
And this was 2007.
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ื•ื–ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” 2007
02:53
And if I go back in time, I've added some historical statistics --
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ื•ืื ืื ื™ ื”ื•ืœืš ืื—ื•ืจื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ, ื”ื•ืกืคืชื™ ืงืฆืช ืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื” ื”ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ืช
02:57
here we go, here we go, here we go -- not so much statistics 100 years ago.
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ื”ื ื” ื–ื” ื‘ื, ื”ื ื” ื–ื” ื‘ื, ื”ื ื” ื–ื” ื‘ื - ืื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื” ืœืคื ื™ 100 ืฉื ื”
03:03
Some countries still had statistics.
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ืœื›ืžื” ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื”
03:05
We are looking down in the archive,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืขืžื•ืง ื‘ืืจื›ื™ื•ืŸ
03:07
and when we are down into 1820,
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ื•ืื™ืคื” ืื ื—ื ื•, ืื ื—ื ื• ืขืžื•ืง ื‘-1820
03:11
there is only Austria and Sweden that can produce numbers.
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ื™ืฉ ืจืง ืืช ืื•ืกื˜ืจื™ื” ื•ืฉื‘ื“ื™ื” ืฉืžืกื•ื’ืœื•ืช ืœื”ืคื™ืง ื ืชื•ื ื™ื
03:15
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
03:18
But they were down here. They had 1,000 dollars per person per year.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืŸ ื”ื™ื• ื›ืืŸ ืœืžื˜ื”, ื”ื™ื• ืœื”ืŸ 1,000 ื“ื•ืœืจ ืœืื“ื ืœืฉื ื”
03:22
And they lost one-fifth of their kids before their first birthday.
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ื•ื”ื ื”ืคืกื™ื“ื• ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ืช ืžื”ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื•ืœื“ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœื”ื
03:26
So this is what happens in the world, if we play the entire world.
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ืื– ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืงืจื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืจื™ืฆื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื
03:29
How they got slowly richer and richer,
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ืื™ืš ื”ืŸ ื ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืขืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ
03:32
and they add statistics.
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ื•ื”ืŸ ืžื•ืกื™ืคื•ืช ืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื”
03:33
Isn't it beautiful when they get statistics?
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ื–ื” ืœื ื™ืคื” ื›ืฉื”ืŸ ืžื•ืกื™ืคื•ืช ืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื”?
03:35
You see the importance of that?
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ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื–ื”?
03:37
And here, children don't live longer.
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ื•ื›ืืŸ, ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืœื ื—ื™ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ
03:39
The last century, 1870, was bad for the kids in Europe,
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ื”ืžืื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื”, 1870, ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืจืขื” ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืคื”
03:43
because most of this statistics is Europe.
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืจื•ื‘ ื”ืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื” ื”ื–ืืช ื”ื™ื ืื™ืจื•ืคื”
03:45
It was only by the turn of the century
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืจืง ืœืงืจืืช ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืžืื”
03:48
that more than 90 percent of the children survived their first year.
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ืฉื™ื•ืชืจ ืž90 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืจื“ื• ืืช ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœื”ื
03:51
This is India coming up, with the first data from India.
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ื–ื• ื”ื•ื“ื• ืฉืขื•ืœื” ืขื ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืžื”ื•ื“ื•
03:54
And this is the United States moving away here, earning more money.
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ื•ื–ื• ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ืฉื ืขื” ืžื›ืืŸ, ืžืจื•ื•ื™ื—ื” ืขื•ื“ ื›ืกืฃ
03:59
And we will soon see China coming up in the very far end corner here.
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ื•ื‘ืงืจื•ื‘ ื ืจืื” ืืช ืกื™ืŸ ืžื•ืคื™ืขื” ื‘ืงืฆื” ื”ืคื™ื ื” ื”ืžืจื•ื—ืงืช ื›ืืŸ
04:04
And it moves up with Mao Tse-Tung getting health,
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืžื˜ืคืกืช ืขื ืžืื• ืฆื” ื˜ื•ื ื’ ื ื”ื™ื™ืช ื‘ืจื™ืื”
04:06
not getting so rich.
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ืœื ื ื”ื™ื™ืช ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืขืฉื™ืจื”
04:07
There he died, then Deng Xiaoping brings money.
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ืฉื ื”ื•ื ืžืช, ื•ืื– ื“ื ื’ ืฉื™ืื•ืคื™ื ื’ ืžื‘ื™ื ื›ืกืฃ
04:10
It moves this way over here.
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ื”ื™ื ื‘ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืœื›ืืŸ
04:12
And the bubbles keep moving up there,
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ื•ื”ื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื•ืช ืœื˜ืคืก ืฉื ืœืžืขืœื”
04:14
and this is what the world looks like today.
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ื•ื›ื›ื” ื ืจืื” ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื™ื•ื
04:16
(Applause)
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(ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
04:22
Let us have a look at the United States.
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ื‘ื•ื ื ืขื™ืฃ ืžื‘ื˜ ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช
04:25
We have a function here -- I can tell the world, "Stay where you are."
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื›ืืŸ - ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืœืขื•ืœื "ืชื™ืฉืืจ ืื™ืคื” ืฉืืชื”"
04:29
And I take the United States -- we still want to see the background --
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ื•ืื ื™ ืœื•ืงื— ืืช ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช - ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืจืงืข
04:32
I put them up like this, and now we go backwards.
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ืื ื™ ืฉื ืื•ืชื ืœืžืขืœื” ื›ื›ื”, ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืื—ื•ืจื”
04:35
And we can see that the United States
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช
04:38
goes to the right of the mainstream.
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ืžืœื•ื•ื” ืžื™ืžื™ืŸ ืœืฉื“ืจื” ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช
04:41
They are on the money side all the time.
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ื”ื ื‘"ืฆื“ ื”ื›ืกืฃ" ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ
04:44
And down in 1915, the United States was a neighbor of India --
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ื•ื‘-1915, ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืฉื›ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื“ื•
04:50
present, contemporary India.
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ื›ื™ื•ื, ื”ื•ื“ื• ื”ืขื›ืฉื•ื•ื™ืช
04:52
And that means United States was richer,
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ื•ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืขืฉื™ืจื” ื™ื•ืชืจ
04:54
but lost more kids than India is doing today, proportionally.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื™ื‘ื“ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืžื”ื•ื“ื• ื”ื™ื•ื, ื™ื—ืกื™ืช
04:59
And look here -- compare to the Philippines of today.
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ื•ืชืกืชื›ืœื• ื›ืืŸ - ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœืคื™ืœื™ืคื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ื
05:02
The Philippines of today has almost the same economy
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ืœืคื™ืœื™ืคื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ื ื™ืฉ ื›ืžืขื˜ ืืช ืื•ืชื” ื›ืœื›ืœื”
05:06
as the United States during the First World War.
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ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”
05:08
But we have to bring United States forward quite a while
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืงื“ื ืืช ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘ื–ืžืŸ
05:12
to find the same health of the United States
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ืื•ืชื” ืจืžืช ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช
05:15
as we have in the Philippines.
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ื›ืžื• ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ืคื™ืœื™ืคื™ื ื™ื
05:17
About 1957 here, the health of the United States
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ื‘ืขืจืš ื‘-1957 ื›ืืŸ, ืจืžืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœ ืืจื”"ื‘
05:20
is the same as the Philippines.
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ื”ื™ื ื›ืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ืคื™ืœื™ืคื™ื ื™ื
05:22
And this is the drama of this world which many call globalized,
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ื•ื–ื• ื”ื“ืจืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื”, ืฉื”ืจื‘ื” ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœื• ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™
05:25
is that Asia, Arabic countries, Latin America,
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ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืืกื™ื”, ื”ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ื•ืช ื•ืืžืจื™ืงื” ื”ืœื˜ื™ื ื™ืช
05:28
are much more ahead in being healthy, educated,
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ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ื‘ืจืžืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช, ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš
05:33
having human resources than they are economically.
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ื•ื‘ื ื›ืกื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืฉืื‘ื™ ืื ื•ืฉ ืžืืฉืจ ื”ืŸ ื‘ืจืžื” ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช
05:36
There's a discrepancy in what's happening today
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ื™ืฉื ื” ืื™ ื”ืชืืžื” ื‘ืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื•ื
05:38
in the emerging economies.
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ื‘ื›ืœื›ืœื•ืช ื”ืžืชืคืชื—ื•ืช
05:40
There now, social benefits, social progress,
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ืฉื ื”ื™ื•ื, ื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืช ืกื•ืฆื™ืืœื™ื•ืช, ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช
05:44
are going ahead of economical progress.
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ื‘ืื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช
05:47
And 1957 -- the United States had the same economy as Chile has today.
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ื•- 1957- ืœืืจื”"ื‘ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืื•ืชื” ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื›ืžื• ืœืฆ'ื™ืœื” ื”ื™ื•ื
05:54
And how long do we have to bring United States
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ื•ื›ืžื” ื–ืžืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ืืจื”"ื‘
05:57
to get the same health as Chile has today?
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ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืืช ืื•ืชื” ืจืžืช ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืฉืœ ืฆ'ื™ืœื” ื”ื™ื•ื?
06:00
I think we have to go, there -- we have 2001, or 2002 --
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืœื›ืช, ืœืฉื - ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืืช 2001, ืื• 2002..
06:05
the United States has the same health as Chile.
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ืœืืจื”"ื‘ ื™ืฉ ืืช ืื•ืชื” ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืฆ'ื™ืœื”
06:07
Chile's catching up!
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ืฆ'ื™ืœื” ืกื•ื’ืจืช ืืช ื”ืคืขืจ!
06:09
Within some years Chile may have better child survival
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ื‘ืชื•ืš ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื ืœืฆ'ื™ืœื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉืจื™ื“ื•ืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ
06:11
than the United States.
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ืžืืฉืจ ืœืืจื”"ื‘
06:13
This is really a change, that you have this lag
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ื–ื” ืžืžืฉ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™, ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืš ืืช ื”ืคืขืจ
06:16
of more or less 30, 40 years' difference on the health.
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ืฉืœ ืคื—ื•ืช ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ 30, 40 ืฉื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ืจืžืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช
06:21
And behind the health is the educational level.
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ื•ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื™ืฉ ืืช ืจืžืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš
06:23
And there's a lot of infrastructure things,
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ื•ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช
06:25
and general human resources are there.
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ื•ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืฉืื‘ื™ ืื ื•ืฉ
06:28
Now we can take away this --
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืืคืฉืจ ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ื–ื”
06:31
and I would like to show you the rate of speed,
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ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื ื™ ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœื›ื ืืช ืงืฆื‘ ื”ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช
06:35
the rate of change, how fast they have gone.
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ืงืฆื‘ ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™, ื›ืžื” ืžื”ืจ ื”ืŸ ืกื’ืจื• ืืช ื”ืคืขืจ
06:38
And we go back to 1920, and I want to look at Japan.
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืื—ื•ืจื” ืœ 1920, ื•ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื™ืคืŸ
06:46
And I want to look at Sweden and the United States.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ืฉื‘ื“ื™ื” ื•ืืจื”"ื‘
06:49
And I'm going to stage a race here
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ื•ืื ื™ ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื‘ื™ื™ื ืžืจื•ืฅ ื›ืืŸ
06:51
between this sort of yellowish Ford here
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”"ืคื•ืจื“" ื”ืฆื”ื‘ื”ื‘ ื”ื–ื” ื›ืืŸ
06:54
and the red Toyota down there,
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ื•ื”"ื˜ื•ื™ื•ื˜ื”" ื”ืื“ื•ืžื” ืฉื
06:56
and the brownish Volvo.
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ื•ื”"ื•ื•ืœื•ื•" ื”ื—ื•ืžื—ื•ืžื™ืช
06:58
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
07:00
And here we go. Here we go.
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ื•ื”ื ื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื, ื”ื ื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื
07:02
The Toyota has a very bad start down here, you can see,
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ืœื˜ื•ื™ื•ื˜ื” ื™ืฉ ื”ืชื—ืœื” ืžืžืฉ ืจืขื” ื›ืืŸ ืœืžื˜ื”, ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช
07:05
and the United States Ford is going off-road there.
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ื•ื”"ืคื•ืจื“" ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ืช ืกื•ื˜ื” ืžื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื›ืืŸ
07:08
And the Volvo is doing quite fine.
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ื•ืœ"ื•ื•ืœื•ื•" ื”ื•ืœืš ื“ื™ ื‘ืกื“ืจ
07:09
This is the war. The Toyota got off track, and now
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ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ื”ืžืœื—ืžื”. ื”"ื˜ื•ื™ื•ื˜ื”" ืขืคื” ืžื”ื“ืจืš, ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื•
07:11
the Toyota is coming on the healthier side of Sweden --
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ื”"ื˜ื•ื™ื•ื˜ื”" ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืœืฆื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืฉื•ื•ื“ื™ื”
07:14
can you see that?
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ื›ืืŸ?
07:15
And they are taking over Sweden,
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ื•ื”ื ืžืฉื™ื’ื™ื ืืช ืฉื‘ื“ื™ื”
07:16
and they are now healthier than Sweden.
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ื•ื”ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื‘ืจื™ืื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉื‘ื“ื™ื”
07:18
That's the part where I sold the Volvo and bought the Toyota.
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ื–ื” ื”ื—ืœืง ื‘ื• ืžื›ืจืชื™ ืืช ื”"ื•ื•ืœื•ื•" ื•ืงื ื™ืชื™ ืืช ื”"ื˜ื•ื™ื•ื˜ื”"
07:20
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
07:23
And now we can see that the rate of change was enormous in Japan.
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ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉืงืฆื‘ ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ื™ื” ืื“ื™ืจ ื‘ื™ืคืŸ
07:27
They really caught up.
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ื”ื ืžืžืฉ ื”ืฉืœื™ืžื• ืืช ื”ืคืขืจ
07:29
And this changes gradually.
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ื•ื–ื” ืžืฉืชื ื” ื‘ื”ื“ืจื’ื”
07:31
We have to look over generations to understand it.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื–ื”
07:34
And let me show you my own sort of family history --
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ื•ืชื ื• ืœื™ ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœื›ื ืืช ื”ื”ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ืช ืฉืœื™
07:39
we made these graphs here.
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ืขืฉื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ื’ืจืคื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื›ืืŸ
07:41
And this is the same thing, money down there, and health, you know?
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ื•ื–ื” ืื•ืชื• ื“ื‘ืจ, ื›ืกืฃ ื›ืืŸ ืœืžื˜ื”, ื•ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช, ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื?
07:45
And this is my family.
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ื•ื–ื• ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืฉืœื™
07:48
This is Sweden, 1830, when my great-great-grandma was born.
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ื–ื• ืฉื‘ื“ื™ื”, 1830, ืื– ืกื‘ืชื ืจื‘ื” ืจื‘ื” ืฉืœื™ ื ื•ืœื“ื”
07:53
Sweden was like Sierra Leone today.
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ืฉื‘ื“ื™ื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื›ืžื• ืกื™ื™ืจื” ืœืื•ืŸ ื›ื™ื•ื
07:56
And this is when great-grandma was born, 1863.
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ื•ื–ื” ืœื™ื“ืชื” ืฉืœ ืกื‘ืชื ืจื‘ื” ืฉืœื™, 1863
08:00
And Sweden was like Mozambique.
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ื•ืฉื‘ื“ื™ื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื›ืžื• ืžื•ื–ืžื‘ื™ืง
08:02
And this is when my grandma was born, 1891.
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ื•ื–ื” ืžืชื™ ืฉืกื‘ืชื™ ื ื•ืœื“ื” , 1891
08:04
She took care of me as a child,
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ื”ื™ื ื˜ื™ืคืœื” ื‘ื™ ื‘ืชื•ืจ ื™ืœื“
08:06
so I'm not talking about statistic now --
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ืื– ืื ื™ ืœื ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื” ืขื›ืฉื™ื•
08:08
now it's oral history in my family.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื–ื” ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื”ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืฉืœื™
08:11
That's when I believe statistics,
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ืื– ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ืŸ ืœืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื”
08:12
when it's grandma-verified statistics.
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ื›ืฉื–ื• ืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื” "ืžืื•ืžืชืช ืกื‘ืชื"
08:15
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
08:18
I think it's the best way of verifying historical statistics.
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื• ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืœืืžืช ืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื” ื”ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ืช
08:21
Sweden was like Ghana.
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ืฉื‘ื“ื™ื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื›ืžื• ื’ืื ื”
08:22
It's interesting to see the enormous diversity
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ื–ื” ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืขืฆื•ืžื”
08:25
within sub-Saharan Africa.
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ื‘ื—ืœืง ื”ืคื ื™ื-ืกื”ืจื™ ืฉืœ ืืคืจื™ืงื”
08:28
I told you last year, I'll tell you again,
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ืืžืจืชื™ ืœื›ื ืฉื ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื” ื•ืื•ืžืจ ืœื›ื ืืช ื–ื” ืฉื•ื‘
08:30
my mother was born in Egypt, and I -- who am I?
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ืืžื ืฉืœื™ ื ื•ืœื“ื” ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื, ื•ืื ื™.. ืžื™ ืื ื™?
08:33
I'm the Mexican in the family.
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ืื ื™ ื”ืžืงืกื™ืงื ื™ ื‘ืžืฉืคื—ื”
08:35
And my daughter, she was born in Chile,
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ื•ื”ื‘ืช ืฉืœื™, ื”ื™ื ื ื•ืœื“ื” ื‘ืฆ'ื™ืœื”
08:37
and the grand-daughter was born in Singapore,
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ื•ื”ื ื›ื“ื” ื ื•ืœื“ื” ื‘ืกื™ื ื’ืคื•ืจ
08:39
now the healthiest country on this Earth.
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ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ื›ื™ ื‘ืจื™ืื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื
08:41
It bypassed Sweden about two to three years ago,
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ื”ื™ื ืขื•ืงืคืช ืืช ืฉื‘ื“ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ืื• ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื ื™ื
08:43
with better child survival.
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ืขื ืฉืจื™ื“ื•ืช ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ
08:45
But they're very small, you know?
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ืื‘ืœ ืžืžืฉ ืงื˜ื ื™ื ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื
08:46
They're so close to the hospital we can never
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ื”ื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ื ื•ื›ืœ
08:48
beat them out in these forests.
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ืœื ืฆื— ืื•ืชื ื‘ื™ืขืจื•ืช ื”ืืœื”
08:49
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
08:52
But homage to Singapore.
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื—ื•ื•ื” ืฉืœ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืœืกื™ื ื’ืคื•ืจ
08:53
Singapore is the best one.
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ืกื™ื ื’ืคื•ืจ ื”ื ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื, ืขื›ืฉื™ื•
08:55
Now this looks also like a very good story.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื–ื” ื ืจืื” ื’ื ื›ืžื• ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืžืื•ื“ ื˜ื•ื‘
08:59
But it's not really that easy, that it's all a good story.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืœื ื›ื–ื” ืงืœ, ืฉื–ื” ื”ื›ืœ ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื˜ื•ื‘
09:03
Because I have to show you one of the other facilities.
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ืžื™ื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืื ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœื›ื ืืช ืื—ื“ ื”ืืžืฆืขื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื™ื
09:06
We can also make the color here represent the variable --
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ื’ื ืœื™ื™ืฆื’ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืฆื‘ืขื™ื ื›ืืŸ ืืช ื”ืžืฉืชื ื”
09:11
and what am I choosing here?
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ื•ืžื” ืื ื™ ื‘ื•ื—ืจ ื›ืืŸ?
09:12
Carbon-dioxide emission, metric ton per capita.
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ืคืœื™ื˜ืช ืคื—ืžืŸ ื“ื•-ื—ืžืฆื ื™, ื˜ื•ืŸ ืœืจืืฉ
09:17
This is 1962, and United States was emitting 16 tons per person.
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ื–ื• 1962, ื•ืืจื”"ื‘ ืคืœื˜ื” 16 ื˜ื•ืŸ ืœื‘ืŸ ืื“ื
09:22
And China was emitting 0.6,
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ื•ืกื™ืŸ ืคืœื˜ื” 0.6
09:24
and India was emitting 0.32 tons per capita.
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ื•ื”ื•ื“ื• ืคืœื˜ื” 0.32 ื˜ื•ืŸ ืœืจืืฉ
09:28
And what happens when we moved on?
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ื•ืžื” ืงืจื” ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ืชืงื“ืžื ื•?
09:31
Well, you see the nice story of getting richer
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื™ืคื” ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืชืขืฉืจื•ืช
09:33
and getting healthier --
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ื•ืฉืœ ื”ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ืจืžืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช
09:34
everyone did it at the cost of emission of carbon dioxide.
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ื›ื•ืœื ืขืฉื• ืืช ื–ื” ืขืœ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืคืœื™ื˜ืช ืคื—ืžืŸ ื“ื• ื—ืžืฆื ื™
09:39
There is no one who has done it so far.
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ืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืฉืขืฉื” ืืช ื–ื” ืขื“ ื›ื”
09:42
And we don't have all the updated data
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ื•ืœื ื• ืื™ืŸ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืžืขื•ื“ื›ืŸ
09:45
any longer, because this is really hot data today.
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ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืžื™ื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืืœื• ื”ื ืžืžืฉ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื—ืžื™ื
09:48
And there we are, 2001.
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ื•ื”ื ื” ืื ื—ื ื•, 2001
09:51
And in the discussion I attended with global leaders, you know,
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ื•ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ื ื›ื—ืชื™ ืขื ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื, ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื
09:55
many say now the problem is that the emerging economies,
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ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื, ืฉื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื™ื ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื•ืช ื”ืžืชืคืชื—ื•ืช
09:59
they are getting out too much carbon dioxide.
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ื”ืŸ ืžื•ืฆื™ืื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื™ื“ื™ ืคื—ืžืŸ ื“ื•-ื—ืžืฆื ื™
10:02
The Minister of the Environment of India said,
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ื”ืฉืจ ืœืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื“ื• ืืžืจ
10:04
"Well, you were the one who caused the problem."
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"ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืืชื ืืœื” ืฉื’ืจืžืชื ืœื‘ืขื™ื”
10:07
The OECD countries -- the high-income countries --
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ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืคื•ืชื—ื•ืช - ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ื”ื”ื›ื ืกื” ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”
10:10
they were the ones who caused the climate change.
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ื”ืŸ ื”ื™ื• ืืœื• ืฉื’ืจืžื• ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืืงืœื™ืžื™
10:13
"But we forgive you, because you didn't know it.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ืกื•ืœื—ื™ื ืœื›ืŸ, ืžื™ื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื™ื“ืขืชืŸ ืขืœ ื–ื”
10:15
But from now on, we count per capita.
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ืื‘ืœ ืžืขืชื” ื•ื”ืœืื”, ืื ื—ื ื• ืกื•ืคืจื™ื ืœืคื™ ืจืืฉ
10:18
From now on we count per capita.
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ืžืขืชื” ื•ื”ืœืื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืกื•ืคืจื™ื ืœืจืืฉ
10:20
And everyone is responsible for the per capita emission."
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ื•ื›ื•ืœื ืื—ืจืื™ื ืœืคืœื™ื˜ื” ืœืคื™ ืจืืฉ"
10:23
This really shows you, we have not seen good economic
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ื–ื” ืžืžืฉ ืžืจืื” ืœื›ื, ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืจืื™ื ื• ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื”
10:26
and health progress anywhere in the world
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ื•ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื™ืช ื‘ืฉื•ื ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื
10:28
without destroying the climate.
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ืœืœื ื”ืจืก ืฉืœ ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”
10:33
And this is really what has to be changed.
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ื•ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืช ืžื” ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืฉืชื ื•ืช
10:36
I've been criticized for showing you a too positive image of the world,
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ืื ื™ ืงื™ื‘ืœืชื™ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉืื ื™ ืžืจืื” ืœื›ื ืชืžื•ื ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื™ื“ื™ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื
10:39
but I don't think it's like this.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืœื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื” ื›ืš
10:41
The world is quite a messy place.
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ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื•ื ืžืงื•ื ื“ื™ ืžื‘ื•ืจื“ืง
10:43
This we can call Dollar Street.
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ืœื–ื” ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงืจื•ื "ืจื—ื•ื‘ ื”ื“ื•ืœืจ"
10:45
Everyone lives on this street here.
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ื›ื•ืœื ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ ื›ืืŸ
10:47
What they earn here -- what number they live on --
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ืžื” ื”ื ืžืจื•ื•ื™ื—ื™ื ื›ืืŸ.. ื‘ืื™ื–ื” ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื ื’ืจื™ื
10:50
is how much they earn per day.
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ื–ื” ื›ืžื” ืฉื”ื ืžืจื•ื•ื™ื—ื™ื ืœื™ื•ื
10:51
This family earns about one dollar per day.
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ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื”ื–ืืช ืžืจื•ื•ื™ื—ื” ื‘ืขืจืš ื“ื•ืœืจ ื‘ื™ื•ื
10:55
We drive up the street here,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื ื•ืกืขื™ื ื‘ืžืขืœื” ื”ืจื—ื•ื‘ ื›ืืŸ
10:56
we find a family here which earns about two to three dollars a day.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ื›ืืŸ ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืฉืžืจื•ื•ื™ื—ื” ื‘ืขืจืš ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืื• ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื
11:00
And we drive away here -- we find the first garden in the street,
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื ื•ืกืขื™ื ืžื›ืืŸ.. ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ืืช ื”ื’ื™ื ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘
11:03
and they earn 10 to 50 dollars a day.
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ื•ื”ื ืžืจื•ื•ื™ื—ื™ื 10 ืื• 50 ื“ื•ืœืจ ื‘ื™ื•ื
11:05
And how do they live?
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ื•ืื™ืš ื”ื ื—ื™ื™ื?
11:07
If we look at the bed here, we can see
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ืื ื ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืžื™ื˜ื” ื›ืืŸ, ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืจืื•ืช
11:10
that they sleep on a rug on the floor.
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ืฉื”ื ื™ืฉื ื™ื ืขืœ ืฉื˜ื™ื— ืฉืžื•ื ื— ืขืœ ื”ืจืฆืคื”
11:13
This is what poverty line is --
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ื–ื• ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ืงื• ื”ืขื•ื ื™..
11:15
80 percent of the family income is just to cover the energy needs,
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ืฉืžื•ื ื™ื ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืžื”ื›ื ืกืช ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื”ื ืจืง ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื”
11:18
the food for the day.
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ื”ืื•ื›ืœ ืœืื•ืชื• ื™ื•ื
11:20
This is two to five dollars. You have a bed.
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ื–ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืœื—ืžื™ืฉื” ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื, ื™ืฉ ืœืš ืžื™ื˜ื”
11:23
And here it's a much nicer bedroom, you can see.
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ื•ื›ืืŸ ื–ื” ื—ื“ืจ ืฉื™ื ื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ื—ืžื“, ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช
11:26
I lectured on this for Ikea, and they wanted to see
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ืื ื™ ืžืจืฆื” ืขืœ ื›ืš ืœืื™ืงืื”, ื•ื”ื ืจืฆื• ืœืจืื•ืช
11:28
the sofa immediately here.
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ืžื™ื“ ืืช ื”ืกืคื” ื›ืืŸ
11:30
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
11:32
And this is the sofa, how it will emerge from there.
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ื•ื–ื• ื”ืกืคื”, ืื™ืš ื”ื™ื ืชื•ืคื™ืข ืžื›ืืŸ
11:36
And the interesting thing, when you go around here in the photo panorama,
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ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื, ืฉืืชื” ืžืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ืคื ื•ืจืžื™ืช
11:39
you see the family still sitting on the floor there.
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ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืขืœ ื”ืจืฆืคื” ื›ืืŸ
11:41
Although there is a sofa,
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ืกืคื”
11:43
if you watch in the kitchen, you can see that
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ืื ืชืกืชื›ืœื• ื‘ืžื˜ื‘ื—, ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”
11:45
the great difference for women does not come between one to 10 dollars.
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ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื”ืืฉื” ืœื ืžื’ื™ืข ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื•ืœืจ ืœืขืฉืจื” ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื
11:50
It comes beyond here, when you really can get
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ื”ื•ื ืžื’ื™ืข ื›ืืŸ, ืžืชื™ ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืงื‘ืœ
11:52
good working conditions in the family.
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ืชื ืื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืคื—ื”
11:55
And if you really want to see the difference,
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ื•ืื ืืชื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ
11:57
you look at the toilet over here.
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ืชืกืชื›ืœื• ืขืœ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื›ืืŸ
11:59
This can change. This can change.
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ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชื ื•ืช, ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชื ื•ืช
12:01
These are all pictures and images from Africa,
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ืืœื• ื›ื•ืœืŸ ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืืคืจื™ืงื”
12:04
and it can become much better.
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ื•ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ื•ื‘
12:07
We can get out of poverty.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฆืืช ืžื”ืขื•ื ื™
12:09
My own research has not been in IT or anything like this.
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ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ืฉืœื™ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืฉืœ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืžื™ื“ืข ืื• ืžืฉื”ื• ื›ื–ื” ื‘ื›ืœืœ
12:12
I spent 20 years in interviews with African farmers
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ื”ืฉืงืขืชื™ 20 ืฉื ื” ื‘ืจืื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืขื ื—ืงืœืื™ื ืืคืจื™ืงืื™ื™ื
12:15
who were on the verge of famine.
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ืฉื”ื™ื• ืขืœ ืกืฃ ืจืขื‘
12:18
And this is the result of the farmers-needs research.
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ื•ื–ื• ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ืฉืœ ืžื—ืงืจ "ืฆืจื›ื™ ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ื"
12:20
The nice thing here is that you can't see
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื ื—ืžื“ ื›ืืŸ ื”ื•ื ืฉืืชื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช
12:22
who are the researchers in this picture.
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ืžื™ ื”ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืชืžื•ื ื”
12:24
That's when research functions in poor societies --
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ื–ื” ืงื•ืจื” ื›ืฉืžื—ืงืจ ืคื•ืขืœ ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”
12:27
you must really live with the people.
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ืืชื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืžืžืฉ ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืขื ื”ืื ืฉื™ื
12:31
When you're in poverty, everything is about survival.
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ื›ืฉืืชื” ื‘ืขื•ื ื™, ื”ื›ืœ ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื”ืฉืจื“ื•ืช
12:35
It's about having food.
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ื–ื” ื ื•ื’ืข ื‘ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืื•ื›ืœ
12:37
And these two young farmers, they are girls now --
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ื•ืฉื ื™ ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ื ื”ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”, ื”ืŸ ื‘ื ื•ืช ืขื›ืฉื™ื•..
12:39
because the parents are dead from HIV and AIDS --
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ืžื™ื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืžืชื• ืž-HIV ื•ืื™ื™ื“ืก
12:43
they discuss with a trained agronomist.
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ื”ืŸ ืžื“ื‘ืจื•ืช ืขื ืื’ืจื•ื ื•ื ืžื•ืกืžืš
12:45
This is one of the best agronomists in Malawi, Junatambe Kumbira,
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ื–ื” ืื—ื“ ื”ืื’ืจื•ื ื•ืžื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžืืœืื•ื™, ื’'ื•ื ื˜ืืžื‘ื” ืงื•ืžื‘ื™ืจื”
12:49
and he's discussing what sort of cassava they will plant --
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื•ื—ื— ืื™ืชืŸ ืขืœ ืื™ื–ื” ืกื•ื’ ืงืกืื•ื•ื” ื”ืŸ ื™ืฉืชืœื•
12:51
the best converter of sunshine to food that man has found.
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ื”ืžืžื™ืจ ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ืื•ืจ ืฉืžืฉ ืœืžื–ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืื“ื ืžืฆื
12:55
And they are very, very eagerly interested to get advice,
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ื•ื”ืŸ ืžืื•ื“ ืžืื•ื“ ืžืชืขื ื™ื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืฉืชื•ืงืงื•ืช ืœืงื‘ืœ ืขืฆื”
12:58
and that's to survive in poverty.
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ื•ื–ื” ืœืฉืจื•ื“ ื‘ืขื•ื ื™
13:01
That's one context.
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ื–ื” ื”ืงืฉืจ ืื—ื“
13:02
Getting out of poverty.
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ืœืฆืืช ืžื”ืขื•ื ื™
13:04
The women told us one thing. "Get us technology.
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ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืืžืจื• ืœื ื• ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“. "ืชืฉื™ื’ื• ืœื ื• ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”"
13:07
We hate this mortar, to stand hours and hours.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฉื•ื ืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžื“ื•ื›ื” ื”ื–ืืช, ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืฉืขื•ืช ืขืœ ืฉืขื•ืช
13:10
Get us a mill so that we can mill our flour,
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ืชืฉื™ื’ื• ืœื ื• ืžื˜ื—ื ื” ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ืงืžื— ืฉืœื ื•
13:13
then we will be able to pay for the rest ourselves."
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ืื– ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืฉืœื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืœ ื”ืฉืืจ ื‘ืขืฆืžื ื•
13:16
Technology will bring you out of poverty,
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ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืชื•ืฆื™ื ืื•ืชื›ื ืžื”ืขื•ื ื™
13:19
but there's a need for a market to get away from poverty.
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืฉื•ืง ื™ืฆื ืžื”ืขื•ื ื™
13:23
And this woman is very happy now, bringing her products to the market.
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ื•ื”ืืฉื” ื”ื–ืืช ืžืื•ื“ ืฉืžื—ื”, ืžื‘ื™ืื” ืืช ื”ืชื•ืฆืจืช ืฉืœื” ืœืฉื•ืง
13:26
But she's very thankful for the public investment in schooling
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื ืืกื™ืจืช ืชื•ื“ื” ืœื”ืฉืงืขื” ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ
13:28
so she can count, and won't be cheated when she reaches the market.
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ื›ืš ืฉื”ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืกืคื•ืจ, ื•ืœื ืชื”ื™ื” ืžืจื•ืžื” ื›ืฉื”ื™ื ืชื’ื™ืข ืœืฉื•ืง
13:31
She wants her kid to be healthy, so she can go to the market
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ื”ื™ื ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉื”ื™ืœื“ ืฉืœื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืจื™ื, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ื™ื ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœืœื›ืช ืœืฉื•ืง
13:34
and doesn't have to stay home.
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ื•ืœื ืชื”ื™ื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช
13:36
And she wants the infrastructure -- it is nice with a paved road.
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืจื•ืฆื” ืืช ื”ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช -- ื–ื” ื ื—ืžื“ ืขื ื“ืจืš ืžืจื•ืฆืคืช
13:39
It's also good with credit.
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ื™ืฉ ื’ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ืืฉืจืื™
13:41
Micro-credits gave her the bicycle, you know.
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ืืฉืจืื™-ื–ืขื™ืจ ื ืชืŸ ืœื” ืืช ื”ืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื, ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื
13:44
And information will tell her when to go to market with which product.
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ื•ืžื™ื“ืข ื™ืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื” ืœื“ืขืช ืžืชื™ ืœืœื›ืช ืœืฉื•ืง ืขื ืื™ื–ื” ืžื•ืฆืจ
13:47
You can do this.
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”
13:49
I find my experience from 20 years of Africa is that
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ื”ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ 20 ืฉื ื” ื‘ืืคืจื™ืงื” ื”ื•ื
13:52
the seemingly impossible is possible.
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ืฉืžื” ืฉืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื‘ืœืชื™ ืืคืฉืจื™ ื”ื•ื ืืคืฉืจื™
13:55
Africa has not done bad.
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ืืคืจื™ืงื” ืžืชืงื“ืžืช ื™ืคื”
13:57
In 50 years they've gone from a pre-Medieval situation
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ื‘50 ืฉื ื™ื ื”ื ืขื‘ืจื• ืžืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ืงื“ื ื™ืžื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื
14:00
to a very decent 100-year-ago Europe,
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ืœืื™ืจื•ืคื” ืฉืœ ืœืคื ื™ 100 ืฉื ื™ื
14:03
with a functioning nation and state.
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ืขื ืื•ืžื” ื•ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืชืคืงื“ื•ืช
14:06
I would say that sub-Saharan Africa has done best in the world
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืืคืจื™ืงื” ื”ืกืื‘-ืกื”ื”ืจื™ืช ื”ืชืงื“ืžื” ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ืขื•ืœื
14:09
during the last 50 years.
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ื‘ืžื”ืœืš 50 ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช
14:10
Because we don't consider where they came from.
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ืžื™ื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืžื—ืฉื™ื‘ื™ื ืžืื™ืคื” ื”ื ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื•
14:12
It's this stupid concept of developing countries
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ื–ื” ื”ืžื•ืฉื’ ื”ืžื˜ื•ืคืฉ ื”ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืžืชืคืชื—ื•ืช
14:15
that puts us, Argentina and Mozambique together 50 years ago,
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ืฉืฉื ืื•ืชื ื•, ืืจื’ื ื˜ื™ื ื” ื•ืžื•ื–ืžื‘ื™ืง ื‘ื™ื—ื“ ืœืคื ื™ 50 ืฉื ื™ื
14:18
and says that Mozambique did worse.
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ื•ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืžื•ื–ืžื‘ื™ืง ื”ืชืงื“ืžื” ื”ื›ื™ ืคื—ื•ืช
14:21
We have to know a little more about the world.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื“ืขืช ืงืฆืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื
14:23
I have a neighbor who knows 200 types of wine.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืฉื›ืŸ ืฉืžื›ื™ืจ 200 ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืฉืœ ื™ื™ืŸ
14:26
He knows everything.
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ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื“ืข ื”ื›ืœ
14:27
He knows the name of the grape, the temperature and everything.
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ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืืช ื”ืฉื ืฉืœ ื”ืขื ื‘, ื”ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื” ื•ื”ื›ืœ
14:29
I only know two types of wine -- red and white.
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ืื ื™ ืžื›ื™ืจ ืจืง ืฉื ื™ ืกื•ื’ื™ ื™ื™ืŸ -- ืื“ื•ื ื•ืœื‘ืŸ
14:32
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
14:34
But my neighbor only knows two types of countries --
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืฉื›ืŸ ืฉืœื™ ืžื›ื™ืจ ืจืง ืฉื ื™ ืกื•ื’ื™ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช
14:36
industrialized and developing.
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ืžืชื•ืขืฉื•ืช ื•ืžืชืคืชื—ื•ืช
14:38
And I know 200, I know about the small data.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžื›ื™ืจ 200, ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื
14:41
But you can do that.
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ืื‘ืœ ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”
14:42
(Applause)
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(ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
14:47
But I have to get serious. And how do you get serious?
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืจืฆื™ื ื™, ื•ืื™ืš ื ื”ื™ื™ื ืจืฆื™ื ื™ื™ื?
14:49
You make a PowerPoint, you know?
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ืืชื” ืขื•ืฉื” ืžืฆื’ืช, ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื?
14:51
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
14:56
Homage to the Office package, no?
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ืžื—ื•ื•ื” ืฉืœ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืœื—ื‘ื™ืœืช ื”ืื•ืคื™ืก ืœื?
15:00
What is this, what is this, what am I telling?
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ืžื” ื–ื”, ืžื” ื–ื”, ืžื” ืื ื™ ืื•ืžืจ?
15:02
I'm telling you that there are many dimensions of development.
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ืื ื™ ืื•ืžืจ ืœื›ื ืฉื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื™ืžื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ืคื™ืชื•ื—
15:05
Everyone wants your pet thing.
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ื›ื•ืœื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ืžื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ืœื”ืฆื™ืข
15:07
If you are in the corporate sector, you love micro-credit.
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ืื ืืชื ื‘ืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ืขืกืงื™, ืชืื”ื‘ื• ืืช ื”ืืฉืจืื™ ื”ื–ืขื™ืจ
15:10
If you are fighting in a non-governmental organization,
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ืื ืืชื ื ืœื—ืžื™ื ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืœื ืžืžืฉืœืชื™
15:12
you love equity between gender.
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ืชืื”ื‘ื• ืืช ื”ื ื•ืฉื ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื’ื“ืจื™ื
15:15
Or if you are a teacher, you'll love UNESCO, and so on.
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ืื• ืื ืืชื ืžื•ืจื™ื, ืชืื”ื‘ื• ืืช ืื•ื ืก"ืงื•, ื•ื›ืš ื”ืœืื”..
15:17
On the global level, we have to have more than our own thing.
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ื‘ืจืžื” ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช, ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื ื• ืžืฉื”ื• ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืžื” ืฉืฉืœื ื•
15:19
We need everything.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืืช ื”ื›ืœ
15:21
All these things are important for development,
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ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืœืคื™ืชื•ื—
15:23
especially when you just get out of poverty
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ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืžืชื™ ืฉืืชื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื™ื•ืฆื ืžื”ืขื•ื ื™
15:25
and you should go towards welfare.
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ื•ืืชื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืœื›ืช ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื”
15:28
Now, what we need to think about
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ื›ืขืช ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœื™ื•
15:30
is, what is a goal for development,
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ื”ื™ื ืžื”ื™ ืžื˜ืจืช ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื—
15:33
and what are the means for development?
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ื•ืžื”ื ื”ืืžืฆืขื™ื ืœืคื™ืชื•ื—
15:34
Let me first grade what are the most important means.
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ื”ืจืฉื• ืœื™ ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœื“ืจื’ ืžื”ื ื”ืืžืฆืขื™ื ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
15:38
Economic growth to me, as a public-health professor,
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ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจื™, ื›ืคืจื•ืคืกื•ืจ ืœื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช
15:40
is the most important thing for development
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ื”ื™ื ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืคื™ืชื•ื—
15:44
because it explains 80 percent of survival.
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ืžื™ื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืกื‘ื™ืจื” 80 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืžื”ื™ืฉืจื“ื•ืช
15:47
Governance. To have a government which functions --
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ืžืžืฉืœ. ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ืžืžืฉืœื” ืฉืžืชืคืงื“ืช
15:50
that's what brought California out of the misery of 1850.
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ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ืงืœื™ืคื•ืจื ื™ื” ืžื”ืกื‘ืœ ืฉืœ 1850
15:54
It was the government that made law function finally.
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ื–ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืฉื’ืจืžื” ืœื—ื•ืง ืœืชืคืงื“ ืกื•ืคื™ืช
15:58
Education, human resources are important.
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ื—ื™ื ื•ืš, ืžืฉืื‘ื™ ืื ื•ืฉ ื”ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื
16:00
Health is also important, but not that much as a mean.
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ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื’ื ื”ื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื”, ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื›ืืžืฆืขื™
16:04
Environment is important.
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ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื”
16:06
Human rights is also important, but it just gets one cross.
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ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืื“ื ื”ืŸ ื’ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืŸ ืžืงื‘ืœื•ืช ืจืง ืฆืœื‘ ืื—ื“
16:08
Now what about goals? Where are we going toward?
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืžื” ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืžื˜ืจื•ืช? ืœืืŸ ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื?
16:11
We are not interested in money.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืžืชืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื›ืกืฃ
16:13
Money is not a goal.
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ื›ืกืฃ ื”ื•ื ืœื ืžื˜ืจื”
16:14
It's the best mean, but I give it zero as a goal.
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ื–ื” ื”ืืžืฆืขื™ ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘, ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœื• ืืคืก ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืžื˜ืจื”
16:18
Governance, well it's fun to vote in a little thing,
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ืžืžืฉืœ, ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ ื–ื” ื ื—ืžื“ ืœื”ืฆื‘ื™ืข ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืงื˜ืŸ
16:21
but it's not a goal.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื• ืœื ืžื˜ืจื”
16:23
And going to school, that's not a goal, it's a mean.
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ื•ืœืœื›ืช ืœื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ, ื–ื• ืœื ืžื˜ืจื”, ื–ื” ืืžืฆืขื™
16:27
Health I give two points. I mean it's nice to be healthy
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ืœื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืื ื™ ื ื•ืชืŸ ืฉืชื™ ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช. ื–ืืช ืื•ืžืจืช, ื–ื” ื ื—ืžื“ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ื
16:29
-- at my age especially -- you can stand here, you're healthy.
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ื‘ื’ื™ืœื™ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ -- ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืžื•ื“, ืืชื” ื‘ืจื™ื
16:31
And that's good, it gets two plusses.
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ื•ื–ื” ื˜ื•ื‘, ื–ื” ืžืงื‘ืœ ืฉื ื™ ืคืœื•ืกื™ื
16:33
Environment is very, very crucial.
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ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ืžืื•ื“ ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืช
16:35
There's nothing for the grandkid if you don't save up.
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ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื ื›ื“ ืื ืืชื” ืœื ื—ื•ืกืš ืขื‘ื•ืจื•
16:37
But where are the important goals?
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ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืคื” ื”ืžื˜ืจื•ืช ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช?
16:39
Of course, it's human rights.
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ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืืœื• ื”ืŸ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืื“ื
16:41
Human rights is the goal,
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ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื“ื ื–ื• ื”ืžื˜ืจื”
16:43
but it's not that strong of a mean for achieving development.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืœื ื›ื–ื” ืืžืฆืขื™ ื—ื–ืง ืœื”ืฉื’ืช ืคื™ืชื•ื—
16:47
And culture. Culture is the most important thing, I would say,
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ื•ืชืจื‘ื•ืช. ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื–ื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืื•ืžืจ
16:51
because that's what brings joy to life.
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ืžื™ื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืžื‘ื™ื ืื•ืฉืจ ืœื—ื™ื™ื
16:53
That's the value of living.
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ื–ื”ื• ื”ืขืจืš ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื
16:55
So the seemingly impossible is possible.
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ืื– ืžื” ืฉืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื‘ืœืชื™ ืืคืฉืจื™ ื”ื•ื ืืคืฉืจื™
16:58
Even African countries can achieve this.
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ืืคื™ืœื• ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืืคืจื™ืงืื™ื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ื–ืืช
17:01
And I've shown you the shot where the seemingly impossible is possible.
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ื•ื”ืจืืชื™ ืœื›ื ืืช ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ืฉืžืจืื” ืฉืžื” ืฉืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื‘ืœืชื™ ืืคืฉืจื™ ื”ื•ื ืืคืฉืจื™
17:07
And remember, please remember my main message,
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ื•ื–ื›ืจื•, ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื” ื–ื›ืจื• ืืช ื”ืžืกืจ ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืฉืœื™
17:11
which is this: the seemingly impossible is possible.
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ืฉื”ื•ื ื–ื”: ืžื” ืฉืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื‘ืœืชื™ ืืคืฉืจื™ ื”ื•ื ืืคืฉืจื™
17:14
We can have a good world.
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ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื ื• ืขื•ืœื ื˜ื•ื‘
17:16
I showed you the shots, I proved it in the PowerPoint,
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ื”ืจืืชื™ ืœื›ื ืืช ื”ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช, ื”ื•ื›ื—ืชื™ ืœื›ื ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืžืฆื’ืช
17:19
and I think I will convince you also by culture.
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืื ื™ ื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืœื›ื ืืช ื–ื” ื’ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืชืจื‘ื•ืช
17:25
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
17:29
(Applause)
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(ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
17:30
Bring me my sword!
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ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืœื™ ืืช ื—ืจื‘ื™!
17:36
Sword swallowing is from ancient India.
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ื‘ืœื™ืขืช ื—ืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืžื”ื•ื“ื• ื”ืขืชื™ืงื”
17:41
It's a cultural expression that for thousands of years
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ื–ื” ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ ืฉื‘ืžืฉืš ืืœืคื™ ืฉื ื™ื
17:46
has inspired human beings to think beyond the obvious.
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ื”ื‘ื™ืื” ื”ืฉืจืื” ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืœื”ืืžื™ืŸ ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืืœื™ื•
17:52
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
17:54
And I will now prove to you that the seemingly impossible is possible
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ื•ืื ื™ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื•ื›ื™ื— ืœื›ื ืฉืžื” ืฉืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื‘ืœืชื™ ืืคืฉืจื™, ื”ื•ื ืืคืฉืจื™
17:59
by taking this piece of steel -- solid steel --
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืœืงื™ื—ืช ื—ืชื™ื›ืช ื”ืคืœื“ื” ื”ื–ืืช -- ื”ืคืœื“ื” ื”ืงืฉื™ื—ื” ื”ื–ืืช --
18:03
this is the army bayonet from the Swedish Army, 1850,
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ื–ื” ื”ืคื’ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืฆื‘ืื™ ืžื”ืฆื‘ื ื”ืฉื‘ื“ื™, 1850
18:06
in the last year we had war.
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ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœื ื• ืžืœื—ืžื”
18:09
And it's all solid steel -- you can hear here.
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ื•ื–ื• ืคืœื“ื” ืื™ืชื ื” -- ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉืžื•ืข ื›ืืŸ
18:12
And I'm going to take this blade of steel,
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ื•ืื ื™ ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ื”ืœื”ื‘ ื”ื–ื” ืžืคืœื“ื”
18:18
and push it down through my body of blood and flesh,
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ื•ืœื“ื—ื•ืฃ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืžื•ืจื“ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœื™ ื‘ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ื•ื”ื“ื
18:23
and prove to you that the seemingly impossible is possible.
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ื•ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืœื›ื ืฉืžื” ืฉืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื‘ืœืชื™ ืืคืฉืจื™ ื”ื•ื ืืคืฉืจื™
18:28
Can I request a moment of absolute silence?
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ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื‘ืงืฉ ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื” ืจื’ืข ืฉืœ ืฉืงื˜ ืžื•ื—ืœื˜?
18:43
(Applause)
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(ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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