New insights on poverty | Hans Rosling

430,164 views ・ 2007-06-26

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Samuel Nam κ²€ν† : Jaeun Kim
00:25
I told you three things last year.
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μž‘λ…„μ— μ €λŠ” μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„κ»˜ μ„Έ 가지λ₯Ό λ§μ”€λ“œλ ΈμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:27
I told you that the statistics of the world
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μ €λŠ” 이 μ„Έκ³„μ˜ ν†΅κ³„μžλ£Œλ“€μ΄ μ œλŒ€λ‘œ
00:30
have not been made properly available.
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이용될 수 있게 λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ Έμžˆμ§€ μ•Šλ‹€κ³  ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:33
Because of that, we still have the old mindset
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κ·Έ λ•Œλ¬Έμ—, μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 아직도 κ°œλ°œλ„μƒκ΅­κ°€λ“€κ³Ό
00:35
of developing in industrialized countries, which is wrong.
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선진ꡭ듀에 λŒ€ν•΄μ„œ κ΅¬μ‹œλŒ€μ˜ 잘λͺ»λœ 견해λ₯Ό 가지고 μžˆκ³ μš”.
00:39
And that animated graphics can make a difference.
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그리고 μ € μ›€μ§μ΄λŠ” κ·Έλž˜ν”½μ΄ ν˜μ‹ μ„ κ°€μ Έμ˜¬ 수 μžˆλ‹€κ³  λ§μ”€λ“œλ ΈμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:44
Things are changing
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λ§Žμ€ 것듀이 λ°”λ€Œκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:46
and today, on the United Nations Statistic Division Home Page,
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였늘 UN 톡계뢀 ν™ˆνŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— κ°€λ³΄μ‹œλ©΄
00:50
it says, by first of May, full access to the databases.
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5μ›” 1μΌκΉŒμ§€ UN의 λͺ¨λ“  λ°μ΄ν„°λ² μ΄μŠ€μ— μ ‘κ·Όν•  수 μžˆλ‹€κ³  λ‚˜μ™€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:55
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
00:58
And if I could share the image with you on the screen.
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ν™”λ©΄μœΌλ‘œ λͺ‡κ°€μ§€ 이미지듀을 μ—¬λ €λΆ„κ³Ό λ‚˜λˆ„μ–΄ λ³΄μ§€μš”.
01:03
So three things have happened.
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세가지 일듀이 μΌμ–΄λ‚¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:04
U.N. opened their statistic databases,
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UN이 ν†΅κ³„μžλ£Œλ“€μ„ κ³΅κ°œν–ˆκ³ 
01:07
and we have a new version of the software
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ λ²„μ Όμ˜ μ†Œν”„νŠΈμ›¨μ–΄λ₯Ό
01:11
up working as a beta on the net,
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인터넷에 μ‚¬μš© κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜λ„λ‘ ν•΄ λ†“μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:13
so you don't have to download it any longer.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ 이제 ꡳ이 λ‹€μš΄λ‘œλ“œν•΄μ„œ 쓰지 μ•ŠμœΌμ…”λ„ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:16
And let me repeat what you saw last year.
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μ œκ°€ μž‘λ…„μ— μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ“€μ΄ 무엇을 λ³΄μ…¨λŠ”μ§€ 정리해 λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:18
The bubbles are the countries.
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이 원듀이 κ΅­κ°€λ“€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:19
Here you have the fertility rate -- the number of children per woman --
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μ—¬κΈ°λŠ” μΆœμ‚°μœ¨, μ—¬μ„± ν•œλͺ…λ‹Ή μžλ…€ 수이죠
01:23
and there you have the length of life in years.
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그리고 μ €μͺ½μ€ ν‰κ· μˆ˜λͺ…μ΄μ—μš”.
01:27
This is 1950 -- those were the industrialized countries,
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이게 1950λ…„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ €μͺ½μ΄ 선진ꡭ듀 μ΄κ³ μš”,
01:30
those were developing countries.
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이μͺ½μ΄ κ°œλ°œλ„μƒκ΅­κ°€λ“€ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:31
At that time there was a "we" and "them."
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κ·Έμ‹œμ ˆμ—” "우리"와 "κ·Έλ“€"이 μžˆμ—ˆκ³ 
01:33
There was a huge difference in the world.
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μ„Έκ³„μ—λŠ” 정말 큰 격차가 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:35
But then it changed, and it went on quite well.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ κ·Έ κ²©μ°¨λŠ” λ³€ν–ˆκ³ , κ½€ 잘 μ§„ν–‰λ˜μ–΄ μ™”μ§€μš”.
01:39
And this is what happens.
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μ§€κΈˆλΆ€ν„° 무슨일이 μΌμ–΄λ‚¬λŠ”μ§€ λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:41
You can see how China is the red, big bubble.
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쀑ꡭ이 μ € λΉ¨κ°„ 큰 μ›μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€, λ³΄μ΄μ‹œμ§€μš”.
01:44
The blue there is India.
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μ €κΈ° νŒŒλž€μ›μ€ μΈλ„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:45
And they go over all this -- I'm going to try to be
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μ €λŠ” μ˜¬ν•΄μ—λŠ” 쑰금 더 깊이있게
01:48
a little more serious this year in showing you
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이듀이 μ •λ§λ‘œ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λ³€ν™”λ˜μ—ˆλŠ”μ§€
01:50
how things really changed.
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λ³΄μ—¬λ“œλ¦¬λ €κ³  ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:53
And it's Africa that stands out as the problem down here, doesn't it?
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λ³΄μ‹œλ©΄, 아프리카가 이 λ°‘μͺ½μ— ν™•μ—°ν•œ 문제거리둜 λ³΄μ΄λ„€μš”, κ·Έλ ‡μ£ ?
01:56
Large families still, and the HIV epidemic
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μ—¬μ „ν•œ λŒ€κ°€μ‘± 체계와, HIV 전염이
01:59
brought down the countries like this.
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ ꡭ가듀을 μ•„λž˜μͺ½μ— μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜κ²Œ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:01
This is more or less what we saw last year,
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이것이 μš°λ¦¬λ“€μ΄ μž‘λ…„μ— λ³΄μ•˜λ˜ 것이고,
02:04
and this is how it will go on into the future.
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이것은 λ―Έλž˜μ—λŠ” μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 될지 λ³Έ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:07
And I will talk on, is this possible?
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그런데 이것이 κ°€λŠ₯ν•œκ°€μš”?
02:09
Because you see now, I presented statistics that don't exist.
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μ™œλ‚˜ν•˜λ©΄ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ λ³΄κ³ κ³„μ‹œλŠ” ν†΅κ³„λŠ” μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜μ§€λ„ μ•Šμ€λ°μš”
02:13
Because this is where we are.
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이것이 우리의 ν˜„μž¬μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:15
Will it be possible that this will happen?
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μ•žμœΌλ‘œ μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ λœλ‹€λŠ” 것이 κ°€λŠ₯ν• κΉŒμš”?
02:19
I cover my lifetime here, you know?
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제 생애λ₯Ό μ™„μ „νžˆ μΆ”μΈ‘ν•΄λ²„λ ΈλŠ”λ°μš”
02:21
I expect to live 100 years.
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μ €λŠ” ν•œ 100살정도 μ‚΄ 것 κ°™μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:23
And this is where we are today.
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그리고 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” ν˜„μž¬ 여기에 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:25
Now could we look here instead at the economic situation in the world?
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자 μ΄μ œλŠ” μ„Έκ³„μ˜ 경제 상황이 어떀지 λ³ΌκΉŒμš”?
02:33
And I would like to show that against child survival.
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경제 μƒνƒœλ₯Ό μœ μ•„μƒμ‘΄μœ¨κ³Ό λΉ„κ΅ν•΄μ„œ λ³΄μ—¬λ“œλ¦¬κ³  μ‹ΆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:38
We'll swap the axis.
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일단 좕듀을 λ°”κΏ‰λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:40
Here you have child mortality -- that is, survival --
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μ—¬κΈ΄ μ•„λ™μ‚¬λ§μœ¨μ΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μƒμ‘΄μœ¨κ³Ό 같은 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
02:44
four kids dying there, 200 dying there.
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μ €κ³³μ—λŠ” λ„€λͺ…μ˜ 아이듀이, μ €κΈ°μ—λŠ” 200λͺ…μ˜ 아이듀이 μ£½κ³ μžˆμ–΄μš”.
02:47
And this is GDP per capita on this axis.
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그리고 이 좕에 일인당 총 μƒμ‚°λŸ‰μ΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:50
And this was 2007.
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이건 2007λ…„ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:53
And if I go back in time, I've added some historical statistics --
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μ œκ°€ μ‹œκ°„μ„ 과거둜 돌렀보면 -- 였래된 ν†΅κ³„μžλ£Œλ₯Ό λ„£μ—ˆλŠ”λ°μš” -
02:57
here we go, here we go, here we go -- not so much statistics 100 years ago.
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과거둜 κ°‘λ‹ˆλ‹€, μ‘°κΈˆλ”, μ‘°κΈˆλ”, 100λ…„μ „μœΌλ‘œ κ°€λ‹ˆ ν†΅κ³„μžλ£Œκ°€ 거의 μ—†λ„€μš”.
03:03
Some countries still had statistics.
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μ—¬μ „νžˆ 톡계가 μžˆλŠ” ꡭ가듀이 μžˆκΈ°λŠ” ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:05
We are looking down in the archive,
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μ‚¬λ£Œλ“€μ„ λ“€μ—¬λ‹€ λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€..
03:07
and when we are down into 1820,
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1820년을 λ³΄μ‹œλ©΄
03:11
there is only Austria and Sweden that can produce numbers.
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μ˜€μŠ€νŠΈλ¦¬μ•„μ™€ μŠ€μ›¨λ΄λ§Œμ΄ 숫자λ₯Ό μ“Έ 쀄 μ•Œμ•˜λ‚˜λ³΄λ„€μš”
03:15
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
03:18
But they were down here. They had 1,000 dollars per person per year.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 이 두 λ‚˜λΌλŠ” 이 밑에 μœ„μΉ˜ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€, 일년에 ν•œμ‚¬λžŒλ‹Ή 1000λΆˆμ„ μƒμ‚°ν–ˆκ΅°μš”.
03:22
And they lost one-fifth of their kids before their first birthday.
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그리고 전체 μ•„μ΄λ“€μ˜ 5λΆ„μ˜ 1을 첫돌이 μ§€λ‚˜κΈ° 전에 μžƒμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:26
So this is what happens in the world, if we play the entire world.
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μ „ 세계가 κ·Έλ•Œμ™€ λΉ„κ΅ν•΄μ„œ μ–Όλ§ŒνΌ λ°œμ „μ„ ν–ˆλŠ”μ§€ λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:29
How they got slowly richer and richer,
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전세계가 천천히 λΆ€μœ ν•΄ μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€
03:32
and they add statistics.
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그리고 ν†΅κ³„μžλ£Œλ₯Ό μˆ˜μ§‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:33
Isn't it beautiful when they get statistics?
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λ³΄μ„Έμš”, ν†΅κ³„μžλ£Œλ₯Ό μˆ˜μ§‘ν•˜λ©΄ μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ 아름닡지 μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
03:35
You see the importance of that?
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자료의 μ€‘μš”μ„±μ΄ λ³΄μ΄μ‹œμ§€μš”
03:37
And here, children don't live longer.
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μ—¬κΈ°λ³΄μ‹œλ©΄, 아이듀은 전보닀 더 였래 μ‚΄κ³ μžˆμ§€λŠ” μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:39
The last century, 1870, was bad for the kids in Europe,
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μ €λ²ˆ μ„ΈκΈ°, 특히 1870λ…„λŒ€λŠ” 유럽의 μ•„μ΄λ“€ν•œν… μ•„μ£Ό λ‚˜λΉ΄μ§€μš”.
03:43
because most of this statistics is Europe.
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μ—¬κΈ° λ³΄μ‹œλŠ” λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ ν†΅κ³„λŠ” 유럽의 μžλ£Œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:45
It was only by the turn of the century
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20μ„ΈκΈ°λ‘œ λ„˜μ–΄κ°ˆ 즈음이 λ˜μ„œμ•Ό
03:48
that more than 90 percent of the children survived their first year.
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90%μ΄μƒμ˜ 아이듀이 μ²«λŒμ„ λ„˜κ²Όμ§€μš”.
03:51
This is India coming up, with the first data from India.
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인도가 λ°œμ „ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€, 첫 μžλ£ŒλΆ€ν„°μš”.
03:54
And this is the United States moving away here, earning more money.
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이건 λ―Έκ΅­μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€ 진도가 λΉ λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€, λˆλ„ 더 많이 λ²Œκ³ μš”.
03:59
And we will soon see China coming up in the very far end corner here.
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쑰금 후에 쀑ꡭ이 μ € κ΅¬μ„μ—μ„œλΆ€ν„° μ˜¬λΌμ˜€λŠ”κ²Œ λ³΄μ΄μ‹€κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:04
And it moves up with Mao Tse-Tung getting health,
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마였쩌λ‘₯이 κ±΄κ°•ν•΄μ§€λ©΄μ„œ 쀑ꡭ이 λ°œμ „ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
04:06
not getting so rich.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λΆ€μžκ°€ λ˜μ§€λŠ” μ•Šκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:07
There he died, then Deng Xiaoping brings money.
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자 마였쩌λ‘₯은 μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ μ£½κ³ , λ©μƒ€μ˜€ν•‘μ΄ λΆ€λ₯Ό 가지고 μ˜΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
04:10
It moves this way over here.
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쀑ꡭ이 이μͺ½μœΌλ‘œ 움직이고 μžˆμ–΄μš”
04:12
And the bubbles keep moving up there,
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원듀이 계속 μ € μœ„λ‘œ λ°œμ „ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
04:14
and this is what the world looks like today.
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그리고 이것이 μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚  μ„Έκ³„μ˜ λͺ¨μŠ΅μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:16
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
04:22
Let us have a look at the United States.
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미ꡭ을 ν•œλ²ˆ λ³΄μ§€μš”.
04:25
We have a function here -- I can tell the world, "Stay where you are."
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이런 κΈ°λŠ₯이 μžˆμ–΄μš”. μ„Έκ³„μ—κ²Œ "μ—¬κΈ° λ©ˆμΆ°μžˆμ–΄"라고 λ§ν•˜κ³ 
04:29
And I take the United States -- we still want to see the background --
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μ œκ°€ 미ꡭ만 -- 배경은 아직도 봐야죠,
04:32
I put them up like this, and now we go backwards.
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μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ 해놓고, μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 이제 λ’€λ‘œ κ°€κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:35
And we can see that the United States
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μ—¬κΈ° 미ꡭ을 λ³΄μ‹œλ©΄
04:38
goes to the right of the mainstream.
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전체적인 μΆ”μ„Έμ˜ 였λ₯Έμͺ½μ— μœ„μΉ˜ν•œκ±Έ λ³Ό 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:41
They are on the money side all the time.
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미ꡭ은 항상 돈μͺ½μ— μžˆλ„€μš”.
04:44
And down in 1915, the United States was a neighbor of India --
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1915년에, 미ꡭ은 μΈλ„μ˜ μ΄μ›ƒμ΄μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:50
present, contemporary India.
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ν˜„μž¬, ν˜„λŒ€μ μΈ μΈλ„μš”.
04:52
And that means United States was richer,
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κ·Έ λœ»μ€, 미ꡭ이 더 λΆ€μœ ν–ˆμ§€λ§Œ
04:54
but lost more kids than India is doing today, proportionally.
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ν˜„μž¬ 인도보닀 더 λ§Žμ€ 아이듀을 μžƒμ—ˆλ‹€λŠ” λœ»μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€, λΉ„λ‘€μ μœΌλ‘œμš”.
04:59
And look here -- compare to the Philippines of today.
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μ—¬κΈ°λ₯Ό ν•œλ²ˆ λ³΄μ„Έμš”, 였늘의 필리핀과 λΉ„κ΅ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:02
The Philippines of today has almost the same economy
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ν˜„μž¬ 필리핀은 미ꡭ이 1μ°¨λŒ€μ „μ„ 치λ₯΄κ³  μžˆμ„ λ•Œμ™€
05:06
as the United States during the First World War.
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거의 λΉ„μŠ·ν•œ 규λͺ¨μ˜ 경제λ₯Ό κ°–κ³  μžˆλ„€μš”.
05:08
But we have to bring United States forward quite a while
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 미ꡭ을 ν˜„μž¬λ‘œ κ½€λ‚˜ λΆˆλŸ¬μ™€μ•Ό
05:12
to find the same health of the United States
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미ꡭ의 κ±΄κ°•μˆ˜μ€€μ΄
05:15
as we have in the Philippines.
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필리핀과 같은 μˆ˜μ€€μ΄ λ˜λŠ” 것을 λ³Όμˆ˜μžˆμ–΄μš”.
05:17
About 1957 here, the health of the United States
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μ—¬κΈ° 1957년쯀에, 미ꡭ의 κ±΄κ°•μˆ˜μ€€μ΄
05:20
is the same as the Philippines.
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ν•„λ¦¬ν•€μ˜ μˆ˜μ€€κ³Ό κ°™μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:22
And this is the drama of this world which many call globalized,
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이것이 λ°”λ‘œ λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 세계화라고 λΆ€λ₯΄λŠ” λ“œλΌλ§ˆμΈλ°,
05:25
is that Asia, Arabic countries, Latin America,
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μ•„μ‹œμ•„, μ€‘λ™μ˜ λ‚˜λΌλ“€, 쀑남미 μ—μ„œ
05:28
are much more ahead in being healthy, educated,
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건강, ꡐ윑, μΈμ μžμ›μ˜ μˆ˜μ€€μ΄
05:33
having human resources than they are economically.
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κ·Έ λ‚˜λΌλ“€μ˜ 경제 상황보닀 μ•žμ„œκ°€κ³  μžˆλŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:36
There's a discrepancy in what's happening today
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ν˜„μž¬ κ°œλ°œλ„μƒκ΅­μ—μ„œ μΌμ–΄λ‚˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” μΌμ—λŠ”
05:38
in the emerging economies.
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μ „κ³ΌλŠ” λ‹€λ₯Έ 차이가 μžˆμ§€μš”.
05:40
There now, social benefits, social progress,
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μ‚¬νšŒμ  ν˜œνƒκ³Ό μ‚¬νšŒμ  λ°œμ „μ΄
05:44
are going ahead of economical progress.
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κ²½μ œλ°œμ „λ³΄λ‹€ 더 μ•žμ„œλ‚˜κ°€κ³  μžˆλŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:47
And 1957 -- the United States had the same economy as Chile has today.
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1957λ…„μ˜ 미ꡭ은 였늘의 μΉ λ ˆμ™€ 같은 κ²½μ œμˆ˜μ€€μ„ κ°–κ³  μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:54
And how long do we have to bring United States
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그럼, μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 미ꡭ을 μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ 많이 빨리감기 ν•΄μ•Ό
05:57
to get the same health as Chile has today?
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ν˜„μž¬ μΉ λ ˆκ°€ 가지고 μžˆλŠ” κ±΄κ°•μˆ˜μ€€μ„ κ°€μ§€κ²Œ λ κΉŒμš”?
06:00
I think we have to go, there -- we have 2001, or 2002 --
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μ•„λ§ˆ ν•œ 이정도... 2001λ…„μ΄λ‚˜ 2002년쯀에
06:05
the United States has the same health as Chile.
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μ™€μ„œμ•Ό 미ꡭ은 칠레의 κ±΄κ°•μˆ˜μ€€μ„ κ°€μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:07
Chile's catching up!
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μΉ λ ˆκ°€ λ”°λΌμž‘λ„€μš”!
06:09
Within some years Chile may have better child survival
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λͺ‡λ…„ μ•ˆμ— μΉ λ ˆκ°€ 미ꡭ보닀 더 높은
06:11
than the United States.
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μ•„λ™μƒμ‘΄μœ¨μ„ κ°€μ§ˆ μˆ˜λ„ μžˆκ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:13
This is really a change, that you have this lag
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μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ κ±΄κ°•μˆ˜μ€€μ—μ„œ 30, 40λ…„μ˜ μ‹œκ°„ 차이가
06:16
of more or less 30, 40 years' difference on the health.
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λ²Œμ–΄μ§€κ²Œ λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€λŠ” 것은 정말 큰 λ³€ν™”μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:21
And behind the health is the educational level.
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이런 λ³€ν™”μ˜ λ°”νƒ•μ—λŠ” κ΅μœ‘μˆ˜μ€€λ„ 있겠고
06:23
And there's a lot of infrastructure things,
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인프라와 κ΄€λ ¨λœ λ§Žμ€ 것도 있겠고
06:25
and general human resources are there.
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그리고 일반적 μΈμ μžμ›λ„ μžˆκ² μ§€μš”.
06:28
Now we can take away this --
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ν•œλ°œ 더 λ‚˜κ°€μ„œ
06:31
and I would like to show you the rate of speed,
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μ΄λ²ˆμ—λŠ” μ„Έκ³„μ˜ λ³€ν™”μ˜ 속도가
06:35
the rate of change, how fast they have gone.
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μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ λΉ λ₯΄κ²Œ μ›€μ§μ—¬μ™”λŠ”μ§€ λ³΄μ—¬λ“œλ¦¬κ³  μ‹ΆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:38
And we go back to 1920, and I want to look at Japan.
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ν•œλ²ˆ 1920λ…„μœΌλ‘œ κ°€ λ³΄μ§€μš”, 일본을 λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€.
06:46
And I want to look at Sweden and the United States.
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그리고 μŠ€μ›¨λ΄κ³Ό 미ꡭ도 같이 λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:49
And I'm going to stage a race here
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κ²½μ£Όλ₯Ό ν• μˆ˜μžˆλŠ” λ¬΄λŒ€λ₯Ό λ§ˆλ ¨ν•˜μ£ .
06:51
between this sort of yellowish Ford here
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μ—¬κΈ° λ…Έλž€μƒ‰λ‚˜λŠ” ν¬λ“œμ™€
06:54
and the red Toyota down there,
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그리고 μ € λΉ¨κ°„ λ„μš”νƒ€μ™€
06:56
and the brownish Volvo.
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그리고 κ°ˆμƒ‰μ˜ 볼보의 κ²½μ£Όμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:58
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
07:00
And here we go. Here we go.
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자 μ‹œμž‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€, μΆœλ°œν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
07:02
The Toyota has a very bad start down here, you can see,
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λ³΄μ‹œλ“―μ΄ λ„μš”νƒ€κ°€ μ €μ‘°ν•œ μΆœλ°œμ„ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
07:05
and the United States Ford is going off-road there.
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미ꡭ의 ν¬λ“œκ°€ μ €κΈ°μ„œ 길을 νƒˆμ„ ν•˜λŠ”κ΅°μš”
07:08
And the Volvo is doing quite fine.
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λ³Όλ³΄λŠ” μ•„μ£Ό μž˜ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ„€μš”
07:09
This is the war. The Toyota got off track, and now
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이건 μ „μŸμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ„μš”νƒ€κ°€ 잠깐 λ„λ‘œλ₯Ό νƒˆμ„ ν•˜λŠ”κ΅°μš”, 그리고
07:11
the Toyota is coming on the healthier side of Sweden --
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이젠 λ‹€μ‹œ λ„μš”νƒ€κ°€ μŠ€μ›¨λ΄λ³΄λ‹€ κ±΄κ°•ν•œ μͺ½μ—μ„œ λ‹¬λ¦½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:14
can you see that?
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λ³΄μ΄μ„Έμš”?
07:15
And they are taking over Sweden,
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이제 λ„μš”νƒ€κ°€ μŠ€μ›¨λ΄μ„ μΆ”μ›”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
07:16
and they are now healthier than Sweden.
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이제 μŠ€μ›¨λ΄λ³΄λ‹€ κ±΄κ°•ν•˜λ„€μš”!
07:18
That's the part where I sold the Volvo and bought the Toyota.
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κ·Έλ•Œ μ œκ°€ 볼보λ₯Ό νŒ”κ³  λ„μš”νƒ€λ₯Ό 샀죠
07:20
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
07:23
And now we can see that the rate of change was enormous in Japan.
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이제 λ³΄μ‹œλ©΄ 일본의 가속λ ₯이 μ—„μ²­ λΉ λ₯Έκ±Έ λ³΄μ‹€μˆ˜μžˆμ–΄μš”
07:27
They really caught up.
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정말 λΉ λ₯΄κ²Œ λ”°λΌμž‘μ•˜μ§€μš”.
07:29
And this changes gradually.
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그리고 이건 천천이 λ°”λ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:31
We have to look over generations to understand it.
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μ„ΈλŒ€λ₯Ό κ±°μ³μ„œ 봐야 이해할 수 있죠.
07:34
And let me show you my own sort of family history --
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자 이제 μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ 제 κ°€μ‘±μ˜ 역사λ₯Ό λ³΄μ—¬λ“œλ¦¬λ €κ³  ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:39
we made these graphs here.
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이런 κ·Έλž˜ν”„λ“€μ„ λ§Œλ“€μ—ˆλŠ”λ°μš”
07:41
And this is the same thing, money down there, and health, you know?
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λ˜‘ 같은 κ·Έλž˜ν”„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€, 돈이 μ•„λž˜μͺ½μ—, 건강은 μ—¬κΈ°, μ•„μ‹œκ² μ£ ?
07:45
And this is my family.
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제 가쑱을 λ³΄μ—¬λ“œλ¦¬μ§€μš”.
07:48
This is Sweden, 1830, when my great-great-grandma was born.
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μŠ€μ›¨λ΄μ˜ 1830λ…„, 제 μ¦μ‘°ν• λ¨Έλ‹ˆμ˜ μ¦μ‘°ν• λ¨Έλ‹ˆκ°€ νƒœμ–΄λ‚˜μ…¨μ–΄μš”.
07:53
Sweden was like Sierra Leone today.
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μŠ€μ›¨λ΄μ€ μ§€κΈˆμ˜ μ‹œμ—λΌ 리온 κ°™μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:56
And this is when great-grandma was born, 1863.
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1863년이 μ¦μ‘°ν• λ¨Έλ‹ˆκ°€ νƒœμ–΄λ‚˜μ‹  년도이고,
08:00
And Sweden was like Mozambique.
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κ·Έλ•Œ μŠ€μ›¨λ΄μ€ μ§€κΈˆμ˜ λͺ¨μž λΉ… κ°™μ•˜μ§€μš”.
08:02
And this is when my grandma was born, 1891.
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그리고 1891년에 제 ν• λ¨Έλ‹ˆκ°€ νƒœμ–΄λ‚˜μ…¨μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:04
She took care of me as a child,
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μ œκ°€ μ–΄λ¦΄λ•Œ 절 λŒλ³΄μ•„ μ£Όμ…¨λŠ”λ°-
08:06
so I'm not talking about statistic now --
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‹ˆκΉŒ- μ§€κΈˆ μ €λŠ” 톡계λ₯Ό λ§μ”€λ“œλ¦¬λŠ” 것이 μ•„λ‹ˆκ³ 
08:08
now it's oral history in my family.
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제 κ°€μ‘±μ˜ 역사λ₯Ό ν’€μ–΄λ‚΄λŠ” κ²ƒμΈλ°μš”.
08:11
That's when I believe statistics,
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'ν• λ¨Έλ‹ˆ 검증' 이 이루어진 톡계λ₯Ό 봀을 λ•Œ
08:12
when it's grandma-verified statistics.
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λΉ„λ‘œμ†Œ μ œκ°€ 톡계λ₯Ό 믿게 λ˜μ—ˆμ£ .
08:15
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
08:18
I think it's the best way of verifying historical statistics.
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제 생각엔 이게 역사적인 톡계λ₯Ό κ²€μ¦ν•˜λŠ” κ°€μž₯ 쒋은 방법인 것 κ°™μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:21
Sweden was like Ghana.
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μŠ€μ›¨λ΄μ€ κ°€λ‚˜ κ°™μ•˜μ–΄μš”.
08:22
It's interesting to see the enormous diversity
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μ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄μ˜ μ‚¬ν•˜λΌ 사막 κ·Όλ°©μ—μ„œ λ²Œμ–΄μ§€λŠ”
08:25
within sub-Saharan Africa.
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이런 μ…€μˆ˜μ—†λŠ” 닀양성을 보면 μ°Έ μ‹ κΈ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:28
I told you last year, I'll tell you again,
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μž‘λ…„μ— 이야기 ν•œ κ²ƒμ΄μ§€λ§Œ, ν•œλ²ˆ 더 ν•˜κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:30
my mother was born in Egypt, and I -- who am I?
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저희 μ–΄λ¨Έλ‹ˆλŠ” μ΄μ§‘νŠΈμ—μ„œ νƒœμ–΄λ‚˜μ…¨κ³ , μ €λŠ”.. λˆ„κ΅¬λƒν•˜λ©΄,
08:33
I'm the Mexican in the family.
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μ „ μš°λ¦¬κ°€μ‘±μ˜ λ©•μ‹œμ½”μΈμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:35
And my daughter, she was born in Chile,
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그리고 제 딸은 μΉ λ ˆμ—μ„œ νƒœμ–΄λ‚¬κ³ 
08:37
and the grand-daughter was born in Singapore,
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제 손녀딸은 μ‹±κ°€ν΄μ—μ„œ νƒœμ–΄λ‚¬μ–΄μš”
08:39
now the healthiest country on this Earth.
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싱가폴은 μ§€κ΅¬μ—μ„œ κ°€μž₯ κ±΄κ°•ν•œ λ‚˜λΌμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:41
It bypassed Sweden about two to three years ago,
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ν•œ 2-3λ…„ 전에 μ•„λ™μƒμ‘΄μœ¨μ—μ„œ
08:43
with better child survival.
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μŠ€μ›¨λ΄μ„ μΆ”μ›”ν–ˆμ§€μš”.
08:45
But they're very small, you know?
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μ•„μ‹œκ² μ§€λ§Œ, 싱가폴은 ꡉμž₯히 μž‘μ€ λ‚˜λΌμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:46
They're so close to the hospital we can never
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λͺ¨λ‘λ“€ 병원이 λ„ˆλ¬΄ κ°€κΉŒμ΄ μžˆμ–΄μ„œ
08:48
beat them out in these forests.
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μˆ²μ†μ— μ‚¬λŠ” 우리 μŠ€μ›¨λ΄ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ λ„μ €νžˆ μ΄κΈΈμˆ˜κ°€ μ—†μ£ .
08:49
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
08:52
But homage to Singapore.
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ν•˜μ§€λ©΄ 싱가폴에 경의λ₯Ό ν‘œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:53
Singapore is the best one.
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μ§€κΈˆ 싱가폴은 μ΅œκ³ μ—μš”.
08:55
Now this looks also like a very good story.
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μ§€κΈˆ 이 λͺ¨λ“  것이 λ‹€ 쒋은 μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°λ‘œ 듀리싀 κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€
08:59
But it's not really that easy, that it's all a good story.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 이 λͺ¨λ‘κ°€ 쒋은 이야기가 될만큼 λ‹¨μˆœν•˜μ§€λŠ” μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€,
09:03
Because I have to show you one of the other facilities.
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ν•œκ°€μ§€ 더 λ³΄μ—¬λ“œλ €μ•Ό ν•˜λŠ” 것이 μžˆμ§€μš”.
09:06
We can also make the color here represent the variable --
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색깔을 λ³€μˆ˜λ‘œ ν•œλ²ˆ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄λ³Όκ²Œμš”
09:11
and what am I choosing here?
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이제 μ œκ°€ 무엇을 μ„ νƒν• κΉŒμš”?
09:12
Carbon-dioxide emission, metric ton per capita.
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인ꡬ당 ν†€μœΌλ‘œμ˜, μ΄μ‚°ν™”νƒ„μ†Œ λ°°μΆœλŸ‰μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:17
This is 1962, and United States was emitting 16 tons per person.
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μ§€κΈˆλ³΄μ‹œλŠ” 것은 1962λ…„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€, 미ꡭ은 ν•œμ‚¬λžŒλ‹Ή 16톀을 λ°°μΆœν•˜κ³ ,
09:22
And China was emitting 0.6,
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쀑ꡭ은 0.6 톀을 λ°°μΆœν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:24
and India was emitting 0.32 tons per capita.
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μΈλ„λŠ” 0.32ν†€μ„μš”.
09:28
And what happens when we moved on?
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그럼 이게 μ‹œκ°„μ΄ μ§€λ‚˜λ©΄μ„œ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λ°”λ€Œμ—ˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
09:31
Well, you see the nice story of getting richer
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음, λΆ€μœ ν•΄μ§€κ³  κ±΄κ°•ν•΄μ§€λŠ”
09:33
and getting healthier --
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이런 λ“£κΈ° 쒋은 λ°œμ „λ“€μ€
09:34
everyone did it at the cost of emission of carbon dioxide.
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λͺ¨λ‘ λ‹€ μ΄μ‚°ν™”νƒ„μ†Œ λ°°μΆœμ΄λΌλŠ” λŒ“κ°€λ₯Ό μΉ˜λ£¨κ³ μ„œμ•Ό κ°€λŠ₯ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:39
There is no one who has done it so far.
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이 λŒ“κ°€λ₯Ό μΉ˜λ£¨μ§€ μ•Šκ³  μ„±μ·¨ν•œ λ‚˜λΌλŠ” 아직 μ—†μ§€μš”.
09:42
And we don't have all the updated data
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λ°°μΆœλŸ‰μ— κ΄€ν•œ μžλ£ŒλŠ” 아직 λ‹€ μ—…λ°μ΄νŠΈ λ˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:45
any longer, because this is really hot data today.
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아직 λ”°λˆλ”°λˆν•œ[μƒˆλ‘œμš΄] 자료이기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ£ .
09:48
And there we are, 2001.
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자, 우린 2001년에 μ™€μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:51
And in the discussion I attended with global leaders, you know,
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μ œκ°€ κΈ€λ‘œλ²Œ 리더듀과 μ°Έμ„ν•œ ν† λ‘ νšŒμ—μ„œ
09:55
many say now the problem is that the emerging economies,
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λ§Žμ€μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ κ·ΈλŸ¬λ”κ΅°μš”, λ¬Έμ œλŠ” κ°œλ°œμƒλ„κ΅­λ“€μ΄
09:59
they are getting out too much carbon dioxide.
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μ΄μ‚°ν™”νƒ„μ†Œλ₯Ό λ„ˆλ¬΄ 많이 λ°©μΆœν•˜λŠ”λ° μžˆλ‹€κ³ μš”.
10:02
The Minister of the Environment of India said,
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μΈλ„μ˜ ν™˜κ²½μž₯관이 λ§ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
10:04
"Well, you were the one who caused the problem."
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"음, 당신듀이 이 문제λ₯Ό μ‹œμž‘ν•œκ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:07
The OECD countries -- the high-income countries --
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λΆ€μžμΈ OECD κ°€μž…κ΅­λ“€μ΄ 이 κΈ°ν›„λ³€ν™”λ₯Ό κ°€μ§€κ³ μ™“μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€."
10:10
they were the ones who caused the climate change.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 저흰 λ‹Ήμ‹ (인도)듀을 μš©μ„œν• κ»˜μš”
10:13
"But we forgive you, because you didn't know it.
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λͺ¨λ₯΄κ³  κ·Έλž¬μœΌλ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.
10:15
But from now on, we count per capita.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ§€κΈˆλΆ€ν„° 우린 μΈκ΅¬λ‹ΉμœΌλ‘œ κ³„μ‚°ν• κΊΌμ—μš”.
10:18
From now on we count per capita.
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μ§€κΈˆλΆ€ν„° 저흰 μΈκ΅¬λ‹ΉμœΌλ‘œ κ³„μ‚°ν• κ»˜μš”.
10:20
And everyone is responsible for the per capita emission."
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λͺ¨λ‘λ“€ λ‹€ 인ꡬ당 λ°°μΆœλŸ‰μœΌλ‘œ μ±…μž„μ Έμ•Όν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:23
This really shows you, we have not seen good economic
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이 μžλ£ŒλŠ” 인λ₯˜λŠ” ν™˜κ²½ νŒŒκ΄΄μ—†μ΄
10:26
and health progress anywhere in the world
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쒋은 κ²½μ œμ™€ κ±΄κ°•μ˜ μ„±μž₯을
10:28
without destroying the climate.
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μ„±μ·¨ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν–‡λ‹€λŠ”κ±Έ λ³΄μ—¬μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:33
And this is really what has to be changed.
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이것이 λ°”λ‘œ 정말 λ³€ν™”λŒ€μ–΄μ•Ό ν•˜λŠ”κ²ƒμ΄μ£ .
10:36
I've been criticized for showing you a too positive image of the world,
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μ „ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ“€κ²Œ λ„ˆλ¬΄ 긍정적인 인λ₯˜μ˜ 이미지듀을 보여쀫닀고 λ§Žμ€ λΉ„νŒμ„ λ°›μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
10:39
but I don't think it's like this.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ „ μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ μƒκ°ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•„μš”.
10:41
The world is quite a messy place.
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μ„Έκ³„λŠ” 상당이 μ–΄μ§€λŸ¬μš΄ κ³³μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:43
This we can call Dollar Street.
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이 μ†Œν”„νŠΈμ›¨μ–΄λŠ” Dollar Street이라 λΆ€λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:45
Everyone lives on this street here.
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λͺ¨λ“ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 이 길에 μ‚΄κ³ μž‡μ£ .
10:47
What they earn here -- what number they live on --
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μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ λ²„λŠ”κ²ƒ, μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ μ‚΄κ³ μž‡λŠ” μˆ«μžλŠ”
10:50
is how much they earn per day.
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그듀이 ν•˜λ£¨μ— λ²„λŠ” λˆμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:51
This family earns about one dollar per day.
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이 가쑱은 λŒ€λž΅ 1λΆˆμ •λ„λ₯Ό ν•˜λ£¨μ— λ²•λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:55
We drive up the street here,
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이 길을 따라 μ’€ μ˜¬λΌκ°€λ³΄λ©΄
10:56
we find a family here which earns about two to three dollars a day.
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ν•˜λ£¨μ— 2-3λΆˆμ •λ„ λ²„λŠ” 가쑱을 μ°Ύμ„μˆ˜μž‡μλ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:00
And we drive away here -- we find the first garden in the street,
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쑰금 더 가보면 이 길의 첫 정원을 μ°Ύμ„μˆ˜μž‡μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:03
and they earn 10 to 50 dollars a day.
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이듀은 10μ—μ„œ 50λΆˆμ„ λ²Œκ³ μž‡μ£ 
11:05
And how do they live?
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μ΄μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ‚¬λƒκ³ μš”?
11:07
If we look at the bed here, we can see
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μ—¬κΈ° 잠자리λ₯Όλ³΄λ©΄ λ•…λ°”λ‹₯에 μΉ΄νŽ«μ„ κΉ”κ³ 
11:10
that they sleep on a rug on the floor.
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μžλŠ”κ±Έλ³Όμˆ˜ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
11:13
This is what poverty line is --
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이게 λΉˆκ³€μ„  μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:15
80 percent of the family income is just to cover the energy needs,
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이 κ°€μ‘±μ˜ μˆ˜μž…μ€‘ 80%λŠ” μ—λ„ˆμ§€μ™€ μŒμ‹
11:18
the food for the day.
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겨우 두가지λ₯Ό μΆ©μ‘±ν•˜λŠ”λ° μ“°μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:20
This is two to five dollars. You have a bed.
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μ—¬κΈ΄ 2-5λΆˆλ²„λŠ” κ°€μ •μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. μΉ¨λŒ€κ°€ μž‡λ„€μš”.
11:23
And here it's a much nicer bedroom, you can see.
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λ³΄μ‹œλ‹€μ‹Άμ΄ 훨신 쒋은 μΉ¨μ‹€μ΄λ„€μš”.
11:26
I lectured on this for Ikea, and they wanted to see
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μ œκ°€ 이 κ°•μ˜λ₯Ό IKEAμ—μ„œ ν–‡λŠ”λ°
11:28
the sofa immediately here.
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λ°”λ‘œ 여기에 μ‡ΌνŒŒκ°€ μž‡λŠ”κ±Έ λ³΄κ³ μ‹ΆλŒ€μš”.
11:30
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
11:32
And this is the sofa, how it will emerge from there.
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이게 κ·Έ IKEA μ‡ΌνŒŒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:36
And the interesting thing, when you go around here in the photo panorama,
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그리고 ν•œκ°€μ§€ ν₯λ―Έλ‘œμš΄κ²ƒμ€, μ—¬κΈ° νŒŒλ…ΈλΌλ§ˆ 포토λ₯Ό λ‘˜λŸ¬λ³΄λ©΄
11:39
you see the family still sitting on the floor there.
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가쑱이 아직도 λ•…λ°”λ‹₯에 μ•‰μ•„μž‡λŠ”κ±Έ λ³Όμˆ˜μž‡μ–΄μš”
11:41
Although there is a sofa,
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μ‡ΌνŒŒκ°€ μž‡λŠ”λ°λ„ 말이죠.
11:43
if you watch in the kitchen, you can see that
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μ—¬κΈ° λΆ€μ—Œμ— 듀어와 λ³΄μ‹œλ©΄
11:45
the great difference for women does not come between one to 10 dollars.
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1-10뢈 λ²„λŠ” κ°€μ‘±μ˜ μ—¬μžλ“€μ˜ ν•˜λŠ”μΌμ—” 별차이가 μ—†λ‹€λŠ”κ±Έ λ³Όμˆ˜μžˆμ–΄μš”.
11:50
It comes beyond here, when you really can get
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μ—¬κΈ°λ₯Ό λ„˜μ–΄μ„œμ•Ό, 쒋은 ν™˜κ²½μ„κ°€μ§„
11:52
good working conditions in the family.
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가쑱듀을 λ³Όμˆ˜μžˆμλ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:55
And if you really want to see the difference,
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그리고 정말 큰 차이점을 λ³Όλ €λ©΄
11:57
you look at the toilet over here.
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ν™”μž₯싀을 λ‘˜λŸ¬λ΄μ•Όμ£ .
11:59
This can change. This can change.
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이것도 λ°”λ€”μˆ˜μž‡κ³ , 이것도.
12:01
These are all pictures and images from Africa,
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λͺ¨λ“  사진듀은 μ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄μ—μ„œ μ˜¨κ±°μ—μš”
12:04
and it can become much better.
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더 ν–₯μƒλ μˆ˜λ„ 있죠.
12:07
We can get out of poverty.
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우린 κ°€λ‚œμ—μ„œ ν•΄λ°©λ μˆ˜ μžˆμλ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:09
My own research has not been in IT or anything like this.
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제 μžμ‹ μ˜ λ¦¬μ„œμΉ˜λŠ” ITλ‚˜ μ΄λŸ°κ²ƒλ“€μ˜ κ΄€ν•œκ²ƒμ€ μ•„λ‹ˆμ˜€μλ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:12
I spent 20 years in interviews with African farmers
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μ „ 20λ…„λ™μ•ˆ 기근의 문턱에 μžˆλŠ” 아프리카 농뢀듀을
12:15
who were on the verge of famine.
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인터뷰 ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:18
And this is the result of the farmers-needs research.
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그리고 이게 λ†λΆ€λ“€μ˜ ν•„μš”λ₯Ό μ—°κ΅¬ν•œ κ²°κ³Όμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:20
The nice thing here is that you can't see
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이 μ‚¬μ§„μ˜ ν•œκ°€μ§€ 쒋은점은
12:22
who are the researchers in this picture.
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λˆ„κ°€ 연ꡬ원인지 μ•ˆλ³΄μΈλ‹€λŠ”κ±°μ£ 
12:24
That's when research functions in poor societies --
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그게 연ꡬ가 μ‚¬νšŒλ₯Ό μœ„ν•œ 도ꡬ가 λ˜λŠ”κ±°μ£ .
12:27
you must really live with the people.
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κ·Έ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€κ³Ό μ •λ§λ‘œ 같이 μ‚΄λ•Œμš”.
12:31
When you're in poverty, everything is about survival.
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κ°€λ‚œ μ•ˆμ—μ„œ λͺ¨λ“ κ²ƒμ€ 생쑴을 μœ„ν•¨ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:35
It's about having food.
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λ°°λ₯Ό μ±„μšΈ μŒμ‹μ„ μœ„ν•¨μ΄μ£ .
12:37
And these two young farmers, they are girls now --
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μ—¬κΈ° μ Šμ€ 두λͺ…μ˜ 농사꾼듀은, 이젠 μ†Œλ…€λ“€μ΄μ£ ,
12:39
because the parents are dead from HIV and AIDS --
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λΆ€λͺ¨λ‹˜μ΄ HIV와 AIDS둜 λŒμ•„κ°€μ…”μ„œ
12:43
they discuss with a trained agronomist.
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슀슀둜 λ†ν•™μžλ“€κ³Ό ν† λ‘ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:45
This is one of the best agronomists in Malawi, Junatambe Kumbira,
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μ—¬κΈ°μž‡λŠ” Junatanbe KumbiraλŠ” λ§λΌμœ„μ—μ„œ κ°€μž₯ λ›°μ–΄λ‚œ λ†ν•™μžμ€‘ ν•œμ‚¬λžŒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
12:49
and he's discussing what sort of cassava they will plant --
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μ§€κΈˆ κ·ΈλŠ” μ–΄λ–€ μ’…λ₯˜μ˜ 카사바λ₯Ό 심을지 ν† λ‘ μ€‘μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:51
the best converter of sunshine to food that man has found.
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μΉ΄μ‚¬λ°”λŠ” 인λ₯˜κ°€ 찾은 κ°€μž₯ λ›°μ–΄λ‚œ 햇빛을 μŒμ‹μœΌλ‘œ λ°”κΎΈλŠ” μ‹λ¬Όμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:55
And they are very, very eagerly interested to get advice,
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λ³΄μ‹œλ‹€μ‹Άμ΄ 농사꾼듀은 κ°„μ ˆμ΄ 그의 쑰언을 λ°›κΈΈ μ›ν•˜μ£ .
12:58
and that's to survive in poverty.
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κ°€λ‚œ μ•ˆμ—μ„œ 살아남아야 ν•˜λ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.
13:01
That's one context.
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그게 ν•œκ°€μ§€ μ΄μœ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:02
Getting out of poverty.
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κ°€λ‚œμ—μ„œ λ‚˜μ˜€λŠ”κ±΄ 또 λ‹€λ₯Έμ˜ˆκΈ°μ£ .
13:04
The women told us one thing. "Get us technology.
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μ € μ—¬μžκ°€ μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ λ§ν•˜λ”κ΅°μš”. "μ €ν¬μ—κ²Œ κ³Όν•™κΈ°μˆ μ„ μ£Όμ„Έμš”.
13:07
We hate this mortar, to stand hours and hours.
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우린 이 μ ˆκ΅¬κ°€ λ„ˆλ¬΄ μ‹€μ–΄μš”. λͺ‡μ‹œκ°„μ”© κ±Έλ¦°λ‹€κ΅¬μš”.
13:10
Get us a mill so that we can mill our flour,
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밀가루λ₯Ό 갈게 μ €ν¬μ—κ²Œ 방앗간을 μ£Όμ„Έμš”
13:13
then we will be able to pay for the rest ourselves."
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그럼 λ‚˜λ¨Έμ§€λŠ” 저희가 μ•Œμ•„μ„œ ν•΄κ²°ν• κ»˜μš”."
13:16
Technology will bring you out of poverty,
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κ³Όν•™κΈ°μˆ μ€ 우리λ₯Ό κ°€λ‚œμ—μ„œ κ΅¬ν•΄λ‚Όμˆ˜μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:19
but there's a need for a market to get away from poverty.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ‹œμž₯이 μžˆμ–΄μ•Ό κ°€λ‚œμ—μ„œ λ²—μ–΄λ‚ μˆ˜μžˆμ£ .
13:23
And this woman is very happy now, bringing her products to the market.
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이제 이 μ—¬μžλŠ” μ•„μ£Ό κΈ°μ©λ‹ˆλ‹€, κ·Έλ…€μ˜ 곑물을 μ‹œμž₯에 κ°€μ Έκ°€μš”.
13:26
But she's very thankful for the public investment in schooling
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그리고 κ·Έλ…€λŠ” μ‚¬νšŒκ°€ κ΅μœ‘μ„ μœ„ν•΄ νˆ¬μžν•œλ‹€λŠ”κ²ƒμ— 정말 κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:28
so she can count, and won't be cheated when she reaches the market.
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숫자λ₯Ό μ…€μˆ˜μžˆμœΌλ©΄ μ‹œμž₯μ—μ„œ μž₯μ‚¬ν• λ•Œ 사기λ₯Ό μ•ˆλ‹Ήν•˜μž”μ•„μš”.
13:31
She wants her kid to be healthy, so she can go to the market
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κ·Έλ…€λŠ” κ·Έλ…€μ˜ μžμ‹μ΄ κ±΄κ°•ν•˜κΈΈ λ°”λžλ‹ˆλ‹€
13:34
and doesn't have to stay home.
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κ·Έλž˜μ•Ό μ§‘μ΄μ•„λ‹Œ μ‹œμž₯에 λ‚˜κ°ˆμˆ˜ μžˆμœΌλ‹ˆκΉŒμš”
13:36
And she wants the infrastructure -- it is nice with a paved road.
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그리고 κ·Έλ…€λŠ” 인프라도 μ›ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 포μž₯λœλ„λ‘œκ°€ μ’‹μž”μ•„μš”.
13:39
It's also good with credit.
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μ‹ μš©μœΌλ‘œ μ‚΄μˆ˜μžˆλŠ” 물건듀도 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:41
Micro-credits gave her the bicycle, you know.
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마이크둜 ν¬λ ˆλ”§(Micro-credit)이 κ·Έλ…€μ—κ²Œ μžμ „κ±°λ„ μ€¬μ–΄μš”.
13:44
And information will tell her when to go to market with which product.
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그리고 정보가 μ‹œμž₯에 μ–Έμ œ μ–΄λ–€ 물건을가지고 κ°ˆμ§€λ„ λ§ν•΄μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:47
You can do this.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ“€μ€ ν• μˆ˜μžˆμλ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:49
I find my experience from 20 years of Africa is that
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μ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄μ—μ„œ 제 20λ…„ κ²½ν—˜μ΄ 말해쀀건
13:52
the seemingly impossible is possible.
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λΆˆκ°€λŠ₯ 할것같은 것듀이 κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜λ‹€λŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:55
Africa has not done bad.
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μ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄λŠ” κ²°μ½” λͺ»ν•œκ²Œ μ•„λ‹ˆμ—μš”.
13:57
In 50 years they've gone from a pre-Medieval situation
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50λ…„λ§Œμ— 쀑세기 μ΄μ „μ˜ μƒνƒœμ—μ„œ
14:00
to a very decent 100-year-ago Europe,
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μž‘λ™ν•˜λŠ” λ‚˜λΌμ™€ κ΅­κ°€κ°€ μžˆλŠ”
14:03
with a functioning nation and state.
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100λ…„μ „ 유럽으둜 μ„±μž₯ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:06
I would say that sub-Saharan Africa has done best in the world
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μ „ μ„­μ‚¬ν•˜λž€ 아프리카가 졜근 50λ…„κ°„ μ„Έκ³„μ—μ„œ
14:09
during the last 50 years.
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κ°€μž₯ 잘 ν•΄μ™“λ‹€κ³  λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:10
Because we don't consider where they came from.
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ μ €ν¬λŠ” 그듀이 μ–΄λ””μ„œ μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆλŠ”μ§€λ„ μƒκ°μ•ˆν•˜κΈ°λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ£ .
14:12
It's this stupid concept of developing countries
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저희가 μ„±μž₯ν•˜λŠ” κ΅­κ°€λ“€μ˜ λŒ€ν•œ 이런 바보같은 생각듀이
14:15
that puts us, Argentina and Mozambique together 50 years ago,
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저희가 μ•„λ₯΄ν—¨ν‹°λ‚˜μ™€ λͺ¨μž λΉ… λ‘λ‚˜λΌμ˜ 졜근 50년을 λΉ„κ΅ν–ˆμ„λ•Œ
14:18
and says that Mozambique did worse.
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λͺ¨μž λΉ…이 더 λͺ»ν–ˆλ‹€λΌκ³  λ§ν•˜κ²Œ λ§Œλ“œλŠ”κ±°μ£ .
14:21
We have to know a little more about the world.
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우린 이 세계에 λŒ€ν•΄ 쑰금 더 μ•Œμ•„μ•Όν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:23
I have a neighbor who knows 200 types of wine.
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제 이웃쀑에 ν•œμ‚¬λžŒμ€ 200κ°€μ§€μ˜ 와인을 μ•Œμ£ .
14:26
He knows everything.
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λͺ¨λ₯΄λŠ”κ²Œ μ—†μ–΄μš”.
14:27
He knows the name of the grape, the temperature and everything.
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ν¬λ„μ˜ μ΄λ¦„λ„μ•Œκ³ , μ˜¨λ„λ„μ•Œκ³ , 뭐 λ‹€ μ•Œμ•„μš”.
14:29
I only know two types of wine -- red and white.
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근데 μ „ λ”± λ‘κ°€μ§€μ˜ μ’…λ₯˜μ˜ 와인밖에 λͺ¨λ₯΄μ£ . λ ˆλ“œμ™€ ν™”μ΄νŠΈμš”.
14:32
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
14:34
But my neighbor only knows two types of countries --
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 제 이웃은 두가지 μ’…λ₯˜μ˜ λ‚˜λΌλ°–μ— λͺ¨λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:36
industrialized and developing.
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산업ꡭ가와 κ°œλ°œλ„μƒκ΅­.
14:38
And I know 200, I know about the small data.
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μ „ 200가지λ₯Ό μ•Œμ£ . μž‘μ€ μžλ£Œλ“€λ„μš”.
14:41
But you can do that.
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당신듀도 μ•Œμ£ .
14:42
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
14:47
But I have to get serious. And how do you get serious?
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ „ μ§€κΈˆ 심각해져야 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ ν•΄μ•Ό 심각해지죠?
14:49
You make a PowerPoint, you know?
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νŒŒμ›Œν¬μΈνŠΈλ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ•Όμ£ .
14:51
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
14:56
Homage to the Office package, no?
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μ˜€ν”ΌμŠ€ νŒ¨ν‚€μ§€μ—κ²Œ 경의λ₯Ό ν‘œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€, μ•ˆκ·Έλž˜μš”?
15:00
What is this, what is this, what am I telling?
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λ­˜κΉŒμš”, λ­˜κΉŒμš”, μ œκ°€ μ§€κΈˆ ν•˜λ €κ³  ν•˜λŠ”μ˜ˆκΈ°κ°€?
15:02
I'm telling you that there are many dimensions of development.
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μ œκ°€ λ§μ”€λ“œλ¦¬κ³ μžˆλŠ”κ±΄ λ°œμ „μ—” λ§Žμ€ λ²”μœ„κ°€ μžˆλ‹€λŠ”κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:05
Everyone wants your pet thing.
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λˆ„κ΅¬λ‚˜ μžκΈ°κ°€ μ’‹μ•„ν•˜λŠ”κ²Œ μžˆμ–΄μš”.
15:07
If you are in the corporate sector, you love micro-credit.
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λ§Œμ•½ 당신이 기업이엿닀면 마이크둜 ν¬λ ˆλ”§(micro-credit)을 μ’‹μ•„ν–ˆκ²Ÿμ£ .
15:10
If you are fighting in a non-governmental organization,
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λ§Œμ•½ 당신이 λΉ„μ •λΆ€ 기관을 μœ„ν•΄ μ‹Έμš°κ³  μžˆλ‹€λ©΄
15:12
you love equity between gender.
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당신은 남녀평등을 μ’‹μ•„ν•˜κ³ μš”.
15:15
Or if you are a teacher, you'll love UNESCO, and so on.
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ν˜Ήμ€ μ„ μƒλ‹˜μ΄λΌλ©΄, 당신은 UNESCO 같은 기관을 μ’‹μ•„ν–ˆκ²Ÿμ£ .
15:17
On the global level, we have to have more than our own thing.
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μ„Έκ³„μ˜ μˆ˜μ€€μ—μ„œ 우린 μš°λ¦¬κ²ƒλ³΄λ‹€ 더 λ§Žμ€κ²Œ ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:19
We need everything.
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우린 λͺ¨λ“ κ²Œ λ‹€ ν•„μš”ν•˜μ£ .
15:21
All these things are important for development,
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이것듀 λͺ¨λ‘κ°€ μ„±μž₯에 μ€‘μš”ν•œ μ—­ν™œμ„ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:23
especially when you just get out of poverty
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특히 κ°€λ‚œμ—μ„œ λ‚˜μ˜¨μ§€ μ–Όλ§ˆ μ•ˆλ¬μœΌλ©΄
15:25
and you should go towards welfare.
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μ‚¬νšŒλ³΅μ§€ μͺ½μœΌλ‘œ κ°€μ•Όμ£ .
15:28
Now, what we need to think about
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자, 이제 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 생각해봐야할것은
15:30
is, what is a goal for development,
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'μ„±μž₯의 λͺ©μ μ€ 무엇인가' 와
15:33
and what are the means for development?
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그리고 'μ„±μž₯을 μœ„ν•œ λ„κ΅¬λŠ” 어떀것이냐' μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:34
Let me first grade what are the most important means.
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첫번째둜 μ œκ°€ κ°€μž₯ μ€‘μš”ν•œ 도ꡬλ₯Ό μ •μ˜ν•˜κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:38
Economic growth to me, as a public-health professor,
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곡쀑보건 ꡐ수인 제겐,
15:40
is the most important thing for development
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경제적 μ„±μž₯이 κ°€μž₯ μ€‘μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:44
because it explains 80 percent of survival.
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ 그게 μƒμ‘΄μ˜ 80%λ₯Ό μ„€λͺ…ν•˜λ‹ˆκΉŒμš”
15:47
Governance. To have a government which functions --
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ν–‰μ •. μž‘λ™ν•˜λŠ” μ •λΆ€λ₯Ό κ°”μΆ”κΈ°μœ„ν•΄μ„œ.
15:50
that's what brought California out of the misery of 1850.
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μ €κ²Œ 1850λ…„λŒ€ μΌˆλ¦¬ν¬λ‹ˆμ•„λ₯Ό μž¬λ‚œμ—μ„œ κ΅¬ν–ˆμ£ .
15:54
It was the government that made law function finally.
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μ •λΆ€κ°€ κ²°κ΅­ 법을 μž‘λ™ν•˜κ²Œ λ§Œλ“€κ±°λ“ μš”.
15:58
Education, human resources are important.
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ꡐ윑과 μΈμ μžμ›λ„ μ€‘μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:00
Health is also important, but not that much as a mean.
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보건도 μ€‘μš”ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ, μ„±μž₯을 μœ„ν•œ 큰 λ„κ΅¬λŠ” μ•„λ‹ˆμ£ .
16:04
Environment is important.
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ν™˜κ²½λ„ μ€‘μš”ν•˜μ£ .
16:06
Human rights is also important, but it just gets one cross.
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μΈκΆŒλ„ λ¬Όλ‘  μ€‘μš”ν•˜μ£ , ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ„±μž₯μ—” 큰 영ν–₯은 λͺ»λ―Έμ³μš”
16:08
Now what about goals? Where are we going toward?
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이제, λͺ©ν‘œλŠ”μš”? 우린 μ–΄λ”œν–₯에 κ°€λŠ”κ²λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
16:11
We are not interested in money.
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우린 λˆμ— 관심은 μ—†μλ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:13
Money is not a goal.
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돈이 λͺ©ν‘œκ°€ μ•„λ‹ˆμ£ .
16:14
It's the best mean, but I give it zero as a goal.
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κ°€μž₯ 쒋은 λ„κ΅¬μ΄μ§€λ§Œ, λͺ©ν‘œλ‘œμ„  빡점을 μ€„κΊΌμ—μš”.
16:18
Governance, well it's fun to vote in a little thing,
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μ •λΆ€. 음, νˆ¬ν‘œν•˜λŠ”κ²Œ μž¬λ―Έμžˆμ§€λ§Œ
16:21
but it's not a goal.
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그것도 λͺ©ν‘œλŠ” μ•„λ‹ˆμ£ .
16:23
And going to school, that's not a goal, it's a mean.
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ν•™κ΅κ°€λŠ”κ²ƒ, 그건 도ꡬ지 λͺ©ν‘œλŠ” μ•„λ‹ˆμ£ .
16:27
Health I give two points. I mean it's nice to be healthy
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보건엔 이점 μ€„κΊΌμ—μš”. κ±΄κ°•ν•œκ²Œ μ’‹κΈ΄ μ’‹μ£ .
16:29
-- at my age especially -- you can stand here, you're healthy.
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특히 제 λ‚˜μ΄λ˜λ©΄μš”. μ—¬κΈ° μ„œμžˆμ„μˆ˜ 있으면 κ±΄κ°•ν•œκ±°μ£ .
16:31
And that's good, it gets two plusses.
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음, μ’‹λ„€μš”, 동그라미 λ‘κ°œ μ€„κ»˜μš”.
16:33
Environment is very, very crucial.
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ν™˜κ²½μ€ μ•„μ£Ό, μ•„μ£Ό 결정적이죠.
16:35
There's nothing for the grandkid if you don't save up.
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λ§Œμ•½ 저희가 μ ˆμ•½μ„ μ•ˆν•œλ‹€λ©΄ μ†μžμ€„κ²Œ 아무것도 μ—†μ£ .
16:37
But where are the important goals?
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근데 μ€‘μš”ν•œ λͺ©ν‘œλ“€μ€ μ–΄λ””μžˆλ‚˜μš”?
16:39
Of course, it's human rights.
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λ‹Ήμ—°ν•˜μ£ , 그건 인ꢌ이죠.
16:41
Human rights is the goal,
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인ꢌ이 저희 λͺ©ν‘œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€,
16:43
but it's not that strong of a mean for achieving development.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 그건 μ„±μž₯을 μœ„ν•œ 큰 λ„κ΅¬λŠ” λͺ»λ˜μ£ .
16:47
And culture. Culture is the most important thing, I would say,
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그리고 λ¬Έν™”. μ „ λ¬Έν™”κ°€ κ°€μž₯ μ€‘μš”ν•˜λ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•΄μš”.
16:51
because that's what brings joy to life.
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ 그게 저희 삢에 행볡을 λΆˆλŸ¬μ˜€λŠ”κ±°λ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.
16:53
That's the value of living.
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그게 μ‚Άμ˜ κ°€μΉ˜μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:55
So the seemingly impossible is possible.
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이둜써 λΆˆκ°€λŠ₯ν•˜κ²Œ λ³΄μ΄λŠ”κ²Œ κ°€λŠ₯ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:58
Even African countries can achieve this.
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λΉˆκ³€ν•œ μ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄μ˜ λ‚˜λΌλ“€λ„ 이것을 μ„±μ·¨ν• μˆ˜ μžˆμλ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:01
And I've shown you the shot where the seemingly impossible is possible.
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μ œκ°€ λΆˆκ°€λŠ₯ν•˜κ²Œ λ³΄μ΄λŠ”κ²ƒμ΄ κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ μž₯면을 λ³΄μ—¬λ“œλ Έμ£ .
17:07
And remember, please remember my main message,
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그리고 κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜μ„Έμš”, 제 κ°€μž₯ μ€‘μš”ν•œ 메세지λ₯Ό 제발 κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜μ„Έμš”.
17:11
which is this: the seemingly impossible is possible.
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λ°”λ‘œ μ΄κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€: λΆˆκ°€λŠ₯ν•˜κ²Œ λ³΄μ΄λŠ”κ²ƒλ“€λ„ κ°€λŠ₯ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:14
We can have a good world.
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우린 쒋은 세계λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€μˆ˜ μžˆμ–΄μš”.
17:16
I showed you the shots, I proved it in the PowerPoint,
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μ œκ°€ κ·Έ μž₯면듀을 보여듀엿고, νŒŒμ›Œν¬μΈνŠΈλ‘œ 증λͺ…ν–ˆμ£ .
17:19
and I think I will convince you also by culture.
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그리고 μ œκ°€ λ¬Έν™”λ‘œ ν•œλ²ˆ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ“€μ„ μ„€λ“ν•΄λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
17:25
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
17:29
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
17:30
Bring me my sword!
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제 칼을 κ°€μ Έμ˜€μ„Έμš”!
17:36
Sword swallowing is from ancient India.
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μΉΌ μ‚Όν‚€κΈ°λŠ” κ³ λŒ€ μΈλ„μ—μ„œ μ „ν•΄λ‚΄λ €μ˜΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:41
It's a cultural expression that for thousands of years
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이 λ¬Έν™”ν‘œν˜„μ€ λͺ‡μ²œλ…„λ™μ•ˆ μΈκ°„λ“€μ—κ²Œ λ‹Ήμ—°ν•œκ²ƒμ„ λ›°μ–΄λ„˜μ–΄
17:46
has inspired human beings to think beyond the obvious.
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μƒκ°ν•˜κ²Œ μ˜κ°μ„ λΆˆμ–΄λ„£μ–΄ μ£Όμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:52
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
17:54
And I will now prove to you that the seemingly impossible is possible
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이제 μ œκ°€ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ“€κ²Œ λΆˆκ°€λŠ₯ν•œκ²ƒκ°™μ€κ²Œ κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜λ‹€λŠ”κ±Έ μž…μ¦ν•΄λ“œλ¦¬κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:59
by taking this piece of steel -- solid steel --
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이 μ‡ λ₯Ό, λ”±λ”±ν•œ μ‡ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
18:03
this is the army bayonet from the Swedish Army, 1850,
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이건 1850λ…„ μŠ€μ›¨λ΄ κ΅°λŒ€ μ΄κ²€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
18:06
in the last year we had war.
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그년에 λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ 저흰 λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ μ „μŸμ—μ„œ μ‹Έμ›Ÿμ£ .
18:09
And it's all solid steel -- you can hear here.
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λ‹€ λ¬΄μ‡ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€, λ“€λ¦¬μ‹œμ£ ?
18:12
And I'm going to take this blade of steel,
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이제 μ „ 이 μ‡ μΉΌμžλ£¨λ₯Ό 제 피와 μ‚΄ μ†μœΌλ‘œ
18:18
and push it down through my body of blood and flesh,
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λ°€μ–΄ λ„£μ–΄
18:23
and prove to you that the seemingly impossible is possible.
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보기엔 λΆˆκ°€λŠ₯ν•œκ²ƒλ„ κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜λ‹€λŠ”κ±Έ λ³΄μ—¬λ“œλ¦¬κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
18:28
Can I request a moment of absolute silence?
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λͺ¨λ‘λ“€ μ™„μ „ 침묡 ν•΄μ£Όμ‹€λž˜μš”?
18:43
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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