Eric Berlow: Simplifying complexity

168,671 views ・ 2010-11-12

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Seo Rim Kim κ²€ν† : J J LEE
00:15
Do you ever feel completely overwhelmed
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ λ³΅μž‘ν•œ λ¬Έμ œμ— μ§λ©΄ν–ˆμ„ λ•Œ,
00:17
when you're faced with a complex problem?
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μ™„μ „νžˆ μ••λ„λ‹Ήν•˜λŠ” 기뢄을 느껴본적이 μžˆμœΌμ„Έμš”?
00:20
Well, I hope to change that in less than three minutes.
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자, μ €λŠ” 3λΆ„ 이내에 그것을 λ°”κΏ¨μœΌλ©΄ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:23
So, I hope to convince you that complex
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λ³΅μž‘ν•¨μ΄ μ–Έμ œλ‚˜ λ™μΌν•˜κ²Œ λ‚œν•΄ν•œ 것은
00:25
doesn't always equal complicated.
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μ•„λ‹ˆλΌλŠ” 사싀을 λ‚©λ“μ‹œμΌœλ“œλ¦¬κ³ μž ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:27
So for me, a well-crafted baguette, fresh out of the oven,
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제게 κ°“ μ˜€λΈμ—μ„œ λ‚˜μ˜¨, 잘 λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ§„ λ°”κ²ŒνŠΈλŠ”
00:30
is complex,
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λ³΅μž‘ν•œ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:32
but a curry onion green olive poppy cheese bread
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 카레 μ–‘νŒŒ 올리브 μ–‘κ·€λΉ„ 치즈 빡은
00:34
is complicated.
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λ‚œν•΄ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:37
I'm an ecologist, and I study complexity. I love complexity.
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μ €λŠ” μƒνƒœν•™μžμ΄κ³ , λ³΅μž‘μ„±μ„ μ—°κ΅¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ³΅μž‘μ„±μ„ μ’‹μ•„ν•˜μ£ .
00:40
And I study that in the natural world, the interconnectedness of species.
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μ €λŠ” μžμ—°κ³„μ—μ„œ μ’…μ˜ μƒν˜Έ 연관성을 μ—°κ΅¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:43
So here's a food web,
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μ—¬κΈ° μΊ˜λ¦¬ν¬λ‹ˆμ•„ μ‚°μ§€μ˜
00:45
or a map of feeding links between species
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고산지역 ν˜Έμˆ˜μ— μ„œμ‹ν•˜λŠ” μ’… κ°„μ˜
00:47
that live in Alpine Lakes in the mountains of California.
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먹이 κ·Έλ¬Ό λ˜λŠ”, μ’… κ°„μ˜ 먹이 μ‚¬μŠ¬ 지도가 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:50
And this is what happens to that food web
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그리고 μ „μ—λŠ” κ±°κΈ° 살지 μ•Šλ˜, 토쒅이 μ•„λ‹Œ μ–΄λ₯˜λ₯Ό 듀여왔을 λ•Œ,
00:52
when it's stocked with non-native fish that never lived there before.
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이것이 먹이 그물에 λ²Œμ–΄μ§„ μΌμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:54
All the grayed-out species disappear.
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ν¬λ―Έν•˜κ²Œ ν‘œμ‹œλœ 쒅듀은 λͺ¨λ‘ μ‚¬λΌμ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:56
Some are actually on the brink of extinction.
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λͺ‡λͺ‡μ€ μ‹€μ œλ‘œ λ©Έμ’… μœ„κΈ°μ— μ²˜ν•΄μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:58
And lakes with fish have more mosquitos, even though they eat them.
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그리고 비둝 λ¬Όκ³ κΈ°κ°€ λͺ¨κΈ°λ₯Ό 먹을지라도, λ¬Όκ³ κΈ°κ°€ μžˆλŠ” ν˜Έμˆ˜μ—λŠ” 더 λ§Žμ€ λͺ¨κΈ°κ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:01
These effects were all unanticipated,
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이런 κ²°κ³ΌλŠ” μ „ν˜€ 예기치 λͺ»ν•œ κ²ƒμ΄μ§€λ§Œ,
01:03
and yet we're discovering they're predictable.
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그것이 예츑 κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ κ²ƒμž„μ„ μ•Œμ•„κ°€κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:05
So I want to share with you a couple key insights
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ €λŠ” μ•„λ§ˆ λ‹€λ₯Έ λ¬Έμ œλ“€μ—λ„ 적용될
01:07
about complexity we're learning from studying nature
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μžμ—°μ„ μ—°κ΅¬ν•˜μ—¬ ν•™μŠ΅ν•œ λ³΅μž‘μ„±μ— λŒ€ν•œ
01:09
that maybe are applicable to other problems.
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두 κ°€μ§€μ˜ μ£Όμš”ν•œ 톡찰을 λ‚˜λˆ„κ³  μ‹ΆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:13
First is the simple power of good visualization tools
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λ¨Όμ €, λ³΅μž‘μ„±μ„ ν‘ΈλŠ”λ° 도움이 되고,
01:15
to help untangle complexity
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ μ „μ—λŠ” μƒκ°ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν–ˆλ˜ 문제λ₯Ό
01:17
and just encourage you to ask questions you didn't think of before.
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μ§ˆλ¬Έν•  수 μžˆλ„λ‘ ν•΄μ£ΌλŠ” μœ μš©ν•œ μ‹œκ°ν™” λ„κ΅¬μ˜ νž˜μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:20
For example, you could plot the flow of carbon
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예λ₯Ό λ“€λ©΄, κΈ°μ—… μƒνƒœκ³„μ—μ„œ κΈ°μ—…μ˜ 곡급망을 ν†΅ν•œ
01:23
through corporate supply chains in a corporate ecosystem,
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νƒ„μ†Œμ˜ νλ¦„μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ„Έλ―Έν‹° ꡭ립 κ³΅μ›μ˜
01:26
or the interconnections of habitat patches
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λ©Έμ’… μœ„κΈ°μ— μ§λ©΄ν•œ 쒅듀을 μœ„ν•œ
01:28
for endangered species in Yosemite National Park.
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μƒν˜Έ 연결성을 κ·Έλ €λ‚Ό 수 μžˆμ„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:31
The next thing is that if you want to predict
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κ·Έ λ‹€μŒμœΌλ‘œ, μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ λ‹€λ₯Έ 쒅에 λŒ€ν•œ
01:33
the effect of one species on another,
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μ–΄λ–€ μ’…μ˜ 영ν–₯을 μ˜ˆμΈ‘ν•˜κΈ° μ›ν•œλ‹€λ©΄,
01:35
if you focus only on that link,
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그리고 κ·Έ μ—°κ²°μ—λ§Œ 집쀑을 ν•΄μ„œ,
01:37
and then you black box the rest,
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λ‚˜λ¨Έμ§€λ₯Ό μ§€μ›Œλ²„λ¦°λ‹€λ©΄,
01:39
it's actually less predictable
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ν•œ 걸음 물러 μ„œμ„œ, 전체 μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ„ -- λͺ¨λ“  μ’…, λͺ¨λ“  μ—°κ²° --
01:41
than if you step back, consider the entire system -- all the species, all the links --
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κ³ λ €ν•˜κ³ , κ±°κΈ°μ„œλΆ€ν„° κ°€μž₯ μ€‘μš”ν•œ 영ν–₯의 λ²”μœ„μ—
01:44
and from that place,
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μ§‘μ€‘ν•΄μ„œ 관심을 κ°€μ§€λŠ” 것에 λΉ„ν•΄μ„œ
01:46
hone in on the sphere of influence that matters most.
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μ‹€μ œλ‘œ 덜 μ˜ˆμΈ‘κ°€λŠ₯ν•  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:48
And we're discovering, with our research,
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ 관심을 κ°€μ§€λŠ” 접점 근처
01:50
that's often very local to the node you care about
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1, 2도 λ‚΄μ—μ„œ μ’…μ’… 우리의 연ꡬλ₯Ό
01:52
within one or two degrees.
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μ°Ύμ•„λ‚΄κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:54
So the more you step back, embrace complexity,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 더 λ’€λ‘œ λ¬ΌλŸ¬λ‚˜κ³  λ³΅μž‘ν•¨μ„ μˆ˜μš©ν• μˆ˜λ‘
01:56
the better chance you have of finding simple answers,
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λ‹¨μˆœν•œ 닡을 얻을 수 μžˆλŠ” 더 큰 ν™•λ₯ μ΄ μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 것이고,
01:58
and it's often different than the simple answer that you started with.
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μ’…μ’… 처음 μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆλ˜ λ‹¨μˆœν•œ λ‹΅κ³ΌλŠ” λ‹€λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:02
So let's switch gears and look at a really complex problem
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자, λ―Έκ΅­ μ •λΆ€κ°€ μ œκ³΅ν•œ 정말 λ³΅μž‘ν•œ 문제λ₯Ό
02:05
courtesy of the U.S. government.
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μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κΈ°λ‘œ ν•˜μ‹œμ£ .
02:08
This is a diagram of the U.S. counterinsurgency strategy in Afghanistan.
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이것은 μ•„ν”„κ°€λ‹ˆμŠ€νƒ„μ—μ„œ 미ꡭ의 λŒ€μΉ¨νˆ¬ μ „λž΅ λ‹€μ΄μ–΄κ·Έλž¨μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:11
It was front page of the New York Times a couple months ago.
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λͺ‡ 달 전에 λ‰΄μš•νƒ€μž„μ¦ˆμ˜ 일 면에 κ²Œμž¬λ˜μ—ˆμ£ .
02:14
Instantly ridiculed by the media
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정말 말도 μ•ˆλ˜κ²Œ λ³΅μž‘ν•˜λ‹€κ³ 
02:16
for being so crazy complicated.
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맀체듀은 μ¦‰μ‹œ 쑰둱을 ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:18
And the stated goal was to increase popular support
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그리고 κ·Έ κ·œμ •λœ λͺ©ν‘œλŠ” μ•„ν”„κ°€λ‹ˆμŠ€νƒ„ μ •λΆ€λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄
02:20
for the Afghan government.
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λŒ€μ€‘μ˜ 지지λ₯Ό λ†’μ΄λŠ” κ²ƒμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:22
Clearly a complex problem,
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λͺ…λ°±ν•˜κ²Œ λ³΅μž‘ν•œ λ¬Έμ œμ΄μ§€λ§Œ,
02:24
but is it complicated?
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그것이 λ‚œν•΄ν•œ κ²ƒμΌκΉŒμš”?
02:26
Well, when I saw this in the front page of the Times,
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κΈ€μŽ„μš”. μ œκ°€ 이것을 λ‰΄μš•νƒ€μž„μ¦ˆ 일 λ©΄μ—μ„œ 봀을 λ•Œ,
02:28
I thought, "Great. Finally something I can relate to.
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"μ’‹μ•„. κ²°κ΅­ λ‚΄κ°€ μ–ΈκΈ‰ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” λ­”κ°€κ°€ 있ꡰ.
02:30
I can sink my teeth into this."
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이 λ¬Έμ œμ— λͺ°λ‘ν•  수 μžˆκ² μ–΄."라고 μƒκ°ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:32
So let's do it. So here we go for the first time ever,
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자, 해보죠. μ •λˆλœ λ„€νŠΈμ›Œν¬λ‘œμ„œ
02:35
a world premiere view of this spaghetti diagram as an ordered network.
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이 μŠ€νŒŒκ²Œν‹° λ‹€μ΄μ–΄κ·Έλž¨μ„ 세계 졜초둜 보도둝 ν•˜κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:38
The circled node is the one we're trying to influence --
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동그라미가 쳐진 접점은 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 영ν–₯을 μ£Όλ €κ³  ν•˜λŠ” 것,
02:40
popular support for the government.
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즉 μ •λΆ€λ₯Ό μœ„ν•œ λŒ€μ€‘μ  μ§€μ§€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:42
And so now we can look one degrees, two degrees,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 이제 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κ·Έ μ ‘μ μœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„°
02:44
three degrees away from that node
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떨어진 1도, 2도, 3도λ₯Ό λ³Ό 수 있고,
02:46
and eliminate three-quarters of the diagram outside that sphere of influence.
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영ν–₯λ ₯의 λ²”μœ„ λ°– λ„ν˜•μ˜ 3/4을 μ œκ±°ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:49
Within that sphere,
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κ·Έ λ²”μœ„ λ‚΄μ—μ„œ,
02:51
most of those nodes are not actionable, like the harshness of the terrain,
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λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ 접점은 μ§€μ„Έμ˜ 척박함과 같이 싀행이 κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:54
and a very small minority are actual military actions.
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그리고 μ•„μ£Ό 적은 μ†Œμˆ˜λŠ” ꡰ사적 μˆ˜λ‹¨λ“€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:57
Most are non-violent and they fall into two broad categories:
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λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ€ 비폭λ ₯적이며, λ‘κ°€μ§€μ˜ 넓은 λ²”μ£Όλ‘œ λ‚˜λ‰©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:01
active engagement with ethnic rivalries and religious beliefs
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민쑱적 κ²½μŸμ˜μ‹κ³Ό 쒅ꡐ적 λ―ΏμŒμ„ 가진 적극적 참여와,
03:04
and fair, transparent economic development
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κ³΅μ •ν•˜κ³  투λͺ…ν•œ 경제적 개발과
03:06
and provisioning of services.
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μ„œλΉ„μŠ€μ˜ μ œκ³΅μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:08
I don't know about this, but this is what I can decipher from this diagram
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이것에 λŒ€ν•΄ μž˜μ€ λͺ¨λ₯΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€λ§Œ, 이것이 μ œκ°€ 이 λ‹€μ΄μ–΄κ·Έλž¨μ—μ„œ 24초 λ‚΄λ‘œ
03:11
in 24 seconds.
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νŒλ…ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:13
When you see a diagram like this, I don't want you to be afraid.
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이런 λ‹€μ΄μ–΄κ·Έλž¨μ„ λ³Ό λ•Œ, μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ λ‘λ €μ›Œν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠκΈ°λ₯Ό λ°”λžλ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:15
I want you to be excited. I want you to be relieved.
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μ €λŠ” μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ ν₯λΆ„λ˜κ³ , λ§ˆμŒμ„ 놓기 λ°”λžλ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:18
Because simple answers may emerge.
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λ‹¨μˆœν•œ 닡듀이 λ‚˜μ˜¬ 수 있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:20
We're discovering in nature that simplicity often lies
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μžμ—°μ—μ„œ 간단성이 μ’…μ’… λ³΅μž‘μ„±μ˜
03:22
on the other side of complexity.
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이면에 μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 것을 λ°œκ²¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:24
So for any problem, the more you can zoom out and embrace complexity,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ λ¬Έμ œκ°€ μžˆλ‹€λ©΄, λ–¨μ–΄μ Έμ„œ 크게 보고 λ³΅μž‘μ„±μ„ λŒμ–΄ μ•ˆμ„μˆ˜λ‘,
03:27
the better chance you have of zooming in
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κ°€μž₯ μ€‘μš”ν•œ 사항듀을 κ°€κΉŒμ΄ λ“€μ—¬λ‹€ λ³Ό 수 μžˆλŠ”
03:29
on the simple details that matter most.
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더 λ‚˜μ€ κΈ°νšŒκ°€ μžˆμ„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:31
Thank you.
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κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:33
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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