Innovating to zero! | Bill Gates

4,560,984 views ใƒป 2010-02-20

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Sanghoon Lee ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jaeyoon Gimm
00:16
I'm going to talk today about energy and climate.
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์ €๋Š” ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์™€ ๊ธฐํ›„์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:20
And that might seem a bit surprising,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹ค์†Œ ๋†€๋ผ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
00:22
because my full-time work at the foundation
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ œ ์žฌ๋‹จ์—์„œ ํ’€ํƒ€์ž„์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๋ฐฑ์‹ ๊ณผ ์”จ์•—์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ
00:25
is mostly about vaccines and seeds,
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00:27
about the things that we need to invent and deliver
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20์–ต์— ๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ทน๋นˆ์ธต์„ ๋•๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ
00:30
to help the poorest two billion live better lives.
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๋ฐœ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ง€์›ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
00:35
But energy and climate are extremely important to these people;
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์™€ ๊ธฐํ›„๋Š” ์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋„ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:40
in fact, more important than to anyone else on the planet.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, ์ด๋“ค๋ณด๋‹ค ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์™€ ๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๊ฐ€์˜ฌ ๋งŒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์—†์ฃ .
00:45
The climate getting worse means that many years, their crops won't grow:
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๊ธฐํ›„๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜๋น ์ง„๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์žฌ๋ฐฐํ•˜๋Š” ์ž‘๋ฌผ์ด ์˜ค๋žœ ์„ธ์›”๋™์•ˆ ์ž๋ผ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:50
there will be too much rain, not enough rain;
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๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์ด ์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ , ๋ถ€์กฑํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ฃ .
00:53
things will change in ways their fragile environment simply can't support.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ทจ์•ฝํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ด
๋ฒ„ํ…จ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด ์งˆ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:59
And that leads to starvation, it leads to uncertainty, it leads to unrest.
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๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์•„๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋ถˆํ™•์‹คํ•˜๊ณ  ์‰ด ํ‹ˆ ์—†๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ์˜ฌ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:04
So, the climate changes will be terrible for them.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ธฐํ›„๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์‹œ๋ฌด์‹œํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:08
Also, the price of energy is very important to them.
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๋˜ํ•œ, ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋ฌผ๊ฐ€๋„ ๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:11
In fact, if you could pick just one thing
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, ๋นˆ๊ณค์„ ์ค„์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์„ ๋‚ฎ์ถœ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
01:13
to lower the price of to reduce poverty, by far you would pick energy.
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:18
Now, the price of energy has come down over time.
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ํ˜„์žฌ, ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋Š” ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:22
Really advanced civilization is based on advances in energy.
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์„ ์ง„ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋Š” ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์„ ๋‘๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์„ํƒ„ ํ˜๋ช…์ด ์‚ฐ์—… ํ˜๋ช…์„ ์ผ์œผ์ผฐ์œผ๋ฉฐ,
01:29
The coal revolution fueled the Industrial Revolution,
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01:32
and, even in the 1900s, we've seen a very rapid decline
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด 1900๋…„๋Œ€์—๋„ ์ „๊ธฐ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ๊ธ‰์†ํžˆ ํ•˜๋ฝํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
01:36
in the price of electricity,
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01:38
and that's why we have refrigerators, air-conditioning;
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ƒ‰์žฅ๊ณ ์™€ ์—์–ด์ปจ์„ ์“ธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
01:41
we can make modern materials and do so many things.
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ํ˜„๋Œ€์ ์ธ ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋งŽ์€ ์ผ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:45
And so, we're in a wonderful situation with electricity in the rich world.
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๋˜ํ•œ ํ’๋ถ€ํ•œ ์ „๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋†“์—ฌ ์žˆ์ฃ .
01:52
But as we make it cheaper -- and let's say,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ „๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋” ์‹ธ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ ์ž ํ•  ๋•Œ, ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด, ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์œผ๋กœ
01:55
let's go for making it twice as cheap --
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01:59
we need to meet a new constraint,
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์ „๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ œ์•ฝ์„ ๋งˆ์ฃผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ,
๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ(CO2)์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:02
and that constraint has to do with CO2.
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CO2๋Š” ์ง€๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฅ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์ฃ .
02:06
CO2 is warming the planet,
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CO2๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ„๋‹จ๋ช…๋ฃŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:09
and the equation on CO2 is actually a very straightforward one.
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02:14
If you sum up the CO2 that gets emitted,
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๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋œ CO2๋ฅผ ํ•ฉํ•ด ๋†“๊ณ  ๋ณด๋ฉด,
02:18
that leads to a temperature increase,
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๊ธฐ์˜จ ์ƒ์Šน์„ ์œ ๋ฐœ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
02:21
and that temperature increase leads to some very negative effects:
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๊ธฐ์˜จ ์ƒ์Šน์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ชฐ๊ณ ์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:25
the effects on the weather; perhaps worse, the indirect effects,
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๋‚ ์”จ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ๊ณผ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋”ํ•œ
์ž์—ฐ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ๋‹นํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ค€ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฐ„์ ‘์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ชฐ๊ณ ์˜ค๊ณ 
02:29
in that the natural ecosystems can't adjust to these rapid changes,
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02:33
and so you get ecosystem collapses.
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๊ทธ๋กœ์ธํ•ด ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๋ถ•๊ดด๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:36
Now, the exact amount of how you map from a certain increase of CO2
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์ž, CO2 ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์„๋•Œ
๊ทธ ์ค‘ ์–ผ๋งˆ๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ์˜จ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ณ 
02:42
to what temperature will be, and where the positive feedbacks are --
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๋˜ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ
02:45
there's some uncertainty there, but not very much.
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ํ™•์‹ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์ ์ด ์—†์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ ๋งŽ์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:48
And there's certainly uncertainty about how bad those effects will be,
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๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ํšจ๊ณผ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ์–ผ๋งˆ์ธ์ง€ ํ—ค์•„๋ฆด ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์ง€๋งŒ,
02:51
but they will be extremely bad.
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๋งค์šฐ ๋‚˜์  ๊ฒƒ์ž„์— ํ‹€๋ฆผ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:54
I asked the top scientists on this several times:
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์ €๋ช…ํ•œ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ˆ˜์ฐจ๋ก€ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:56
Do we really have to get down to near zero?
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์ •๋ง๋กœ ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ์„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ 0์— ๊ฐ€๊น๊ฒŒ ์ค„์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•˜๋‚˜์š”?
02:59
Can't we just cut it in half or a quarter?
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ยผ์ด๋‚˜ ยฝ๋งŒ ์ค„์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์•ˆ ๋ ๊นŒ์š”?
03:02
And the answer is, until we get near to zero,
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๊ทธ ๋Œ€๋‹ต์€ ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฅผ ์กฐ๊ธˆ์ด๋ผ๋„ ๋ฐฐ์ถœํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
03:06
the temperature will continue to rise.
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์˜จ๋„๋„ ๊ณ„์† ์ƒ์Šนํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:08
And so that's a big challenge.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํฐ ๋‚œ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:10
It's very different than saying,
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3.7 m ํŠธ๋Ÿญ์œผ๋กœ 3 m ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ‘์„ ํ†ต๊ณผํ•˜๋ ค ํ•  ๋•Œ์™€๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:12
"We're a twelve-foot-high truck trying to get under a ten-foot bridge,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿด ๋•, ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๊ตฝํžˆ๋ฉด ํ†ต๊ณผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
03:16
and we can just sort of squeeze under."
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03:18
This is something that has to get to zero.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” ๋ฐฐ์ถœ์ด ์ œ๋กœ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:22
Now, we put out a lot of carbon dioxide every year --
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์ง€๊ธˆ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋งค๋…„ 260์–ต ํ†ค ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฅผ
03:26
over 26 billion tons.
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๋ฐฐ์ถœํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:28
For each American, it's about 20 tons.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ 1์ธ๋‹น 20 ํ†ค ์ •๋„๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์ถœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:32
For people in poor countries, it's less than one ton.
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๋นˆ๊ณค๊ตญ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ 1 ํ†ค ์ดํ•˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์ถœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:35
It's an average of about five tons for everyone on the planet.
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์ง€๊ตฌ ์ „์ฒด ์ธ๊ตฌ๋กœ ํ™˜์‚ฐํ•˜๋ฉด, 1์ธ๋‹น 5 ํ†ค ์ •๋„ ๋˜์ฃ .
03:39
And somehow, we have to make changes that will bring that down to zero.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ์‹์œผ๋กœ๋“ ์ง€ ์ด ์ˆ˜์น˜๋ฅผ
0์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:44
It's been constantly going up.
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์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฐฐ์ถœํ•ด ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋“ค๋„ ๊ทธ ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ์œ ์ง€์‹œํ‚ค๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ทธ์ณค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:47
It's only various economic changes that have even flattened it at all,
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03:51
so we have to go from rapidly rising to falling,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ธ‰ํ•œ ์ƒํ–ฅ๊ณก์„ ์„ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์„ ํ•˜ํ–ฅ๊ณก์„ ์„ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผํ•˜๊ณ 
์ตœ์ข…์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” 0์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:55
and falling all the way to zero.
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03:57
This equation has four factors, a little bit of multiplication.
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์ด ๊ณต์‹์—๋Š” ๋„ค ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์š”์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ผ์ข…์˜ ๊ณฑํ•˜๊ธฐ์ฃ .
04:01
So you've got a thing on the left, CO2, that you want to get to zero,
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์ขŒ๋ณ€์— ์žˆ๋Š” CO2๋ฅผ 0์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ ์ž ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜์ฃ .
04:05
and that's going to be based on the number of people,
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04:08
the services each person is using on average,
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๊ฐ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ด ํ‰๊ท ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์„œ๋น„์Šค์—,
04:11
the energy, on average, for each service,
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๊ฐ ์„œ๋น„์Šค์— ํ‰๊ท ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์™€
04:14
and the CO2 being put out per unit of energy.
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๋‹จ์œ„ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋‹น ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋˜๋Š” CO2๋กœ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:18
So let's look at each one of these,
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์ด์ œ ๊ฐ ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ ,
04:20
and see how we can get this down to zero.
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ 0์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด์ฃ .
04:24
Probably, one of these numbers is going to have to get pretty near to zero.
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์ด ์ค‘์—๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ 0์— ๊ฐ€๊น๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:28
(Laughter)
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๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€์„œ
04:29
That's back from high school algebra.
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04:31
But let's take a look.
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ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ์‚ดํŽด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
04:32
First, we've got population.
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์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ์ธ๊ตฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:35
The world today has 6.8 billion people.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง€๊ตฌ์—๋Š” 68์–ต์ด ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
04:38
That's headed up to about nine billion.
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์ด ์ˆ˜์น˜๋Š” 90์–ต๊นŒ์ง€ ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:40
Now, if we do a really great job on new vaccines,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ง๋กœ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฐฑ์‹ ,
04:44
health care, reproductive health services,
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๋ณด๊ฑด, ์ถœ์‚ฐ ์˜๋ฃŒ ์„œ๋น„์Šค์˜ ๊ณผ์—…์„ ์ž˜ ํ•ด๋‚ธ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
10-15%๊นŒ์ง€ ๋‚ฎ์ถœ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
04:47
we could lower that by, perhaps, 10 or 15 percent.
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04:50
But there, we see an increase of about 1.3.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ 1.3 ๋ฐฐ ์ •๋„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:54
The second factor is the services we use.
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๋‘˜์งธ , ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์„œ๋น„์Šค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:57
This encompasses everything:
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค,
04:59
the food we eat, clothing, TV, heating.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์„ญ์ทจํ•˜๋Š” ์Œ์‹, ์˜๋ณต, TV, ๋‚œ๋ฐฉ ๋“ฑ์ด ํฌํ•จ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์ข‹์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ์„œ,
05:04
These are very good things.
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05:06
Getting rid of poverty means providing these services
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๋นˆ๊ณค์„ ํ‡ด์น˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ์ง€๊ตฌ์ƒ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
05:09
to almost everyone on the planet.
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์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:11
And it's a great thing for this number to go up.
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์ด ์ˆ˜์น˜๋ฅผ ๋Š˜๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ์ผ์ด์ฃ .
05:15
In the rich world, perhaps the top one billion,
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์ƒ์œ„ 10์–ต์— ๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ€์œ ํ•œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์—์„œ
05:17
we probably could cut back and use less,
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์„œ๋น„์Šค ์ด์šฉ์„ ์ค„์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋‚ฎ์ถœ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ,
05:19
but every year, this number, on average, is going to go up,
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ํ‰๊ท ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งค๋…„ ์ด ์ˆ˜์น˜๋Š” ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋˜ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋‘์—๊ฒŒ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๊ฐ€ ์ถฉ์กฑ๋˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š”
05:24
and so, overall, that will more than double
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05:27
the services delivered per person.
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๋‘ ๋ฐฐ ์ด์ƒ์ด ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:30
Here we have a very basic service:
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์ด ๊ณณ์—์„œ๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์ ์ธ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋งŒ ๊ฒจ์šฐ ๋ˆ„๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:32
Do you have lighting in your house to be able to read your homework?
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ˆ™์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ „๋“ฑ์„ ๋ฐํž ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€๋งŒ,
05:35
And, in fact, these kids don't,
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์‹ค์ œ, ์ด ์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿด ์ˆ˜ ์—†์ฃ .
05:37
so they're going out and reading their schoolwork
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ฐ–์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋กœ๋“ฑ ์•„๋ž˜์—์„œ ์ˆ™์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:39
under the street lamps.
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05:42
Now, efficiency, "E," the energy for each service --
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์…‹์งธ, ํšจ์œจ E๋ฅผ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค. ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ์„œ๋น„์Šค์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์—์„œ
05:46
here, finally we have some good news.
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๋งˆ์นจ๋‚ด ์ข‹์€ ์†Œ์‹์„ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:48
We have something that's not going up.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ์ˆ˜์น˜๋ฅผ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ค์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:50
Through various inventions and new ways of doing lighting,
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๋ถˆ์„ ๋ฐํžˆ๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฐœ๋ช…๊ณผ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฐฉ์‹๊ณผ
05:53
through different types of cars, different ways of building buildings --
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ฐจ์™€ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:58
there are a lot of services
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ํ˜„์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ, ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์ธ ์„œ๋น„์Šค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
06:00
where you can bring the energy for that service down
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์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ 90%๊นŒ์ง€ ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
06:03
quite substantially.
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06:05
Some individual services even bring it down by 90 percent.
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๋งŽ์€ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋“ค์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:08
There are other services, like how we make fertilizer,
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๋น„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ํ•ญ๊ณต ์ˆ˜์†ก์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
๊ฐœ์„ ์˜ ์—ฌ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์•„์ฃผ ๋ฏธ๋ฏธํ•œ
06:12
or how we do air transport,
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06:13
where the rooms for improvement are far, far less.
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์„œ๋น„์Šค๋„ ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์กด์žฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:17
And so overall, if we're optimistic, we may get a reduction
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋†“๊ณ  ๋ณด๋ฉด, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‚™๊ด€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณธ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
์„ธ๋ฐฐ ํ˜น์€ ์—ฌ์„ฏ๋ฐฐ ๊นŒ์ง€๋„ ์ค„์—ฌ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:21
of a factor of three to even, perhaps, a factor of six.
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06:26
But for these first three factors now,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ˜„์žฌ๊นŒ์ง€ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ,
06:29
we've gone from 26 billion to, at best, maybe 13 billion tons,
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์ด๋ฏธ 260์–ต ํ†ค์„ ๋„˜์–ด์„  ๋ฐฐ์ถœ์€ ์ž˜ํ•ด์•ผ 130์–ต ํ†ค ์ •๋„๋ฐ–์— ๋ชป ์ค„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:34
and that just won't cut it.
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๋ฐฐ์ถœ์„ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์—†์•จ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์ฃ .
06:36
So let's look at this fourth factor -- this is going to be a key one --
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์ž ์ด์ œ ๋„ค ๋ฒˆ์งธ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์„ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์š”์†Œ๋กœ์„œ
06:40
and this is the amount of CO2 put out per each unit of energy.
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๋‹จ์œ„ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋‹น ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋˜๋Š” CO2 ์–‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:46
So the question is: Can you actually get that to zero?
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋˜์ ธ์•ผ ํ•  ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ์ด๊ฒƒ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ 0์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š”๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
06:49
If you burn coal, no.
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์„ํƒ„์„ ํƒœ์šด๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜์ฃ .
06:52
If you burn natural gas, no.
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์ฒœ์—ฐ๊ฐ€์Šค๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:54
Almost every way we make electricity today,
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๋ถ€์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹ ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์™€ ์›์ž๋ ฅ์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ
06:57
except for the emerging renewables and nuclear, puts out CO2.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์ „๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ CO2๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์ถœํ•˜์ฃ .
07:03
And so, what we're going to have to do at a global scale,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค
07:06
is create a new system.
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ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:09
So we need energy miracles.
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์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๊ธฐ์ ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ฃ .
07:11
Now, when I use the term "miracle," I don't mean something that's impossible.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ์ ์ด๋ž€ ๋ง์„ ์ผ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ๋Š” ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. PC๋„ ๊ธฐ์ ์ด์ฃ .
07:16
The microprocessor is a miracle.
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07:18
The personal computer is a miracle.
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07:20
The Internet and its services are a miracle.
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์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท๊ณผ ๊ทธ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋„ ๊ธฐ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:23
So the people here have participated in the creation of many miracles.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๊ณ„์‹  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋„ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ธฐ์ ์„ ์ฐฝ์ถœํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•ด ์™”์ฃ .
07:28
Usually, we don't have a deadline
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๋Œ€๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
07:30
where you have to get the miracle by a certain date.
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์–ธ์ œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ธฐ์ ์„ ์ผ์œผ์ผœ์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฐ๋“œ๋ผ์ธ์€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:32
Usually, you just kind of stand by, and some come along, some don't.
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋‘๊ณ  ๋ณด๋‹ค๋ณด๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋˜๊ณ  ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•ˆ๋˜๊ฒŒ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
07:36
This is a case where we actually have to drive at full speed
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ์ผ์—๋Š” ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์†๋„๋กœ ๋งค์šฐ ๋น ๋“ฏํ•œ ์ผ์ •์— ๋งž์ถฐ
07:40
and get a miracle in a pretty tight timeline.
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๊ธฐ์ ์„ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด ๋‚ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:45
Now, I thought, "How could I really capture this?
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์ €๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์ž˜ ํฌ์ฐฉํ•ด์„œ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆด์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:48
Is there some kind of natural illustration,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์ƒ์ƒ๋ ฅ์„ ๋Œ์–ด๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
07:50
some demonstration that would grab people's imagination here?"
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์–ด๋–ค ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌ๋‚˜, ์ข‹์€ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
07:55
I thought back to a year ago when I brought mosquitoes,
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1๋…„ ์ „์— ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๊ธฐ๋“ค์„ ๋ฐ๋ ค์™”์„๋•Œ
07:59
and somehow people enjoyed that.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์˜์™ธ๋กœ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋˜๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:01
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
08:03
It really got them involved in the idea of, you know,
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๋ชจ๊ธฐ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ด์•„๊ฐ€์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š”๊ฑธ
๋ชธ์†Œ ๋Š๋ผ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ฃผ์—ˆ์ฃ .
08:07
there are people who live with mosquitoes.
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08:09
With energy, all I could come up with is this.
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์—๋„ˆ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ ๋ฐ–์— ์ƒ๊ฐ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:14
I decided that releasing fireflies
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์˜ฌํ•ด๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋”ง๋ถˆ๋“ค์„ ๋†“์•„์ฃผ๋Š”๊ฒŒ
08:17
would be my contribution to the environment here this year.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์ด๋ž€ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:21
So here we have some natural fireflies.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ž์—ฐ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ์ธ ๋ฐ˜๋”ง๋ถˆ์„ ์ข€ ๋ฐ๋ ค์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:24
I'm told they don't bite; in fact, they might not even leave that jar.
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๋ฌผ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ญ ์‚ฌ์‹ค, ์œ ๋ฆฌ๋ณ‘ ๋ฐ–์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜์˜ฌ์ง€ ์•„๋‹์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:27
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
์ž, ๋งํ•˜์ž๋ฉด ์ด๊ฒƒ ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ˆˆ๊ธธ์„ ๋Œ๋งŒํ•œ ์žฅ๋‚œ์€ ์น ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
08:31
Now, there's all sorts of gimmicky solutions like that one,
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08:35
but they don't really add up to much.
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์žฅ๋‚œ์ด ๋งŽ์€ ์ผ์„ ํ•ด๋‚ด์ง€๋Š” ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:37
We need solutions, either one or several,
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ํ•˜๋‚˜ ํ˜น์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์™€
08:41
that have unbelievable scale and unbelievable reliability.
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์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„
ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:47
And although there's many directions that people are seeking,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ๋ชจ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ,
08:50
I really only see five that can achieve the big numbers.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ ์ด ์ˆ˜์น˜๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ 5๊ฐœ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:54
I've left out tide, geothermal, fusion, biofuels.
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๊ทธ ์ค‘์— ์กฐ๋ ฅ, ์ง€์—ด, ํ•ต์œตํ•ฉ, ๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋Š” ์ œ์™ธํ–ˆ์ฃ .
08:59
Those may make some contribution,
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์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค๋„ ์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„ ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ ,
09:01
and if they can do better than I expect, so much the better.
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์ œ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€๋งŒ,
์ œ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธˆ
09:04
But my key point here is that we're going to have to work on
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์ด ๋‹ค์„ฏ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ๋™์‹œ์— ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ถ”์ง„ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:07
each of these five,
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09:09
and we can't give up any of them because they look daunting,
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์‰ฝ์ง€ ์•Š์•„ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋กœ, ๋ชจ๋‘ ํฐ ๋„์ „๊ณผ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋กœ
09:13
because they all have significant challenges.
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์ด ์ค‘ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ๋„ ํฌ๊ธฐํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:17
Let's look first at burning fossil fuels,
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๋จผ์ € ํ™”์„์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด ๋ณด์ž๋ฉด,
09:19
either burning coal or burning natural gas.
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์„ํƒ„์ด๋‚˜ ์ฒœ์—ฐ๊ฐ€์Šค๋ฅผ ํƒœ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:23
What you need to do there seems like it might be simple, but it's not.
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๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”? ์‰ฌ์›Œ ๋ณด์ด์ง€๋งŒ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์—ฐ์†Œ ํ›„์— ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  CO2๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜๊ฑฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:27
And that's to take all the CO2,
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09:29
after you've burned it, going out the flue,
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09:32
pressurize it, create a liquid, put it somewhere,
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์••์ถ•ํ•˜๊ณ  ์•กํ™”์‹œํ‚จ ํ›„ ์–ด๋”˜๊ฐ€์— ์ €์žฅํ•œ ํ›„,
09:35
and hope it stays there.
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๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋จธ๋ฌผ๋Ÿฌ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
09:37
Now, we have some pilot things
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ํ˜„์žฌ 60-80% ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ CO2๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๋Š” ์‹ค์ฆ ํ”Œ๋žœํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ,
09:39
that do this at the 60 to 80 percent level.
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09:41
But getting up to that full percentage -- that will be very tricky.
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์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ผ์ด๋ฉฐ,
09:45
And agreeing on where these CO2 quantities should be put will be hard,
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์–ด๋””์— CO2๋ฅผ ์ €์žฅํ•  ์ง€ ํ•ฉ์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:51
but the toughest one here is this long-term issue:
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์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ค‘์—์„œ๋„ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๋ฌธ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:54
Who's going to be sure?
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๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์žฅ๋‹ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
09:55
Who's going to guarantee
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๊ทธ ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ํ•ตํ๊ธฐ๋ฌผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ํ๊ธฐ๋ฌผ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ธ€์ž๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ
09:57
something that is literally billions of times larger
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10:00
than any type of waste you think of in terms of nuclear or other things?
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์ˆ˜์‹ญ์–ต๋ฐฐ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์žฅํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
10:04
This is a lot of volume.
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์–‘์ด ๋งŽ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
10:07
So that's a tough one.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํž˜๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:09
Next would be nuclear.
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๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ์€ ์›์ž๋ ฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:11
It also has three big problems:
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์›์ž๋ ฅ๋„ ํฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์„ธ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:14
cost, particularly in highly regulated countries, is high;
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ํŠนํžˆ ๊ทœ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์€ ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋น„์šฉ์ด ๋งŽ์ด ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:18
the issue of safety, really feeling good about nothing could go wrong,
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๋‹ค์Œ์€ ์•ˆ์ „ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ์„œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์›์ž๋กœ๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ข…ํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„
10:22
that, even though you have these human operators,
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๋ณ„ ํƒˆ์ด ์—†์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์‹ ๋ขฐ์™€
10:25
the fuel doesn't get used for weapons.
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ํ•ต์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ฌด๊ธฐ๋กœ ์ „์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ณด์žฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:28
And then what do you do with the waste?
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์€ ํ๊ธฐ๋ฌผ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:30
Although it's not very large, there are a lot of concerns about that.
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์•„์ง ๊ทธ ์–‘์ด ๋งค์šฐ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋งŽ์€ ์šฐ๋ ค๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ํ๊ธฐ๋ฌผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ์•ˆ์‹ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜์ฃ .
10:34
People need to feel good about it.
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10:35
So three very tough problems that might be solvable,
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์ด ํ•ด๊ฒฐ ๋ ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋‚œ์ œ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ๊ณ ,
10:40
and so, should be worked on.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ผญ ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:42
The last three of the five, I've grouped together.
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๋‹ค์„ฏ๊ฐ€์ง€์ค‘ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์„ธ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ ๋ฌถ์–ด๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:45
These are what people often refer to as the renewable sources.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ํ”ํžˆ ์‹ ์žฌ์ƒ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:49
And they actually -- although it's great they don't require fuel --
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์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ์žฅ์ ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ 
10:53
they have some disadvantages.
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๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋‹จ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:55
One is that the density of energy gathered in these technologies
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ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด ๋ฐœ์ „์†Œ ํ•˜๋‚˜์—๋„ ๋ชป ๋ฏธ์น  ์ •๋„๋กœ ์ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜
11:01
is dramatically less than a power plant.
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์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋ฐ€๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:03
This is energy farming,
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ํ‰๋ฐฉ ๋งˆ์ผ ๋‹น ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฉด์ ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•  ๋•Œ,
11:05
so you're talking about many square miles, thousands of times more area
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๋ณดํ†ต์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „์†Œ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ˆ˜์ฒœ ๋ฐฐ ๋งŽ์€ ์ง€์—ญ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:09
than you think of as a normal energy plant.
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11:12
Also, these are intermittent sources.
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๋˜ํ•œ ๊ฐ„ํ—์ ์œผ๋กœ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:15
The sun doesn't shine all day, it doesn't shine every day,
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ํƒœ์–‘์€ ํ•˜๋ฃจ ์ข…์ผ ๋–  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ํ–‡๋น›๋„ ๋งค์ผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:18
and likewise, the wind doesn't blow all the time.
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๋ฐ”๋žŒ๋„ ๋น„์Šทํ•ด์„œ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋ถ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ฃ .
11:21
And so, if you depend on these sources,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
11:23
you have to have some way of getting the energy
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์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
11:26
during those time periods that it's not available.
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๋ณ„๋„์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์›์ด ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:29
So we've got big cost challenges here.
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๋˜ํ•œ ๋ง‰๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋น„์šฉ์ด ๋“œ๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ชฉ์ด ์žˆ์ฃ .
11:32
We have transmission challenges;
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์†ก์ „์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:34
for example, say this energy source is outside your country,
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์ด ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์›์ด ์™ธ๊ตญ์— ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
11:38
you not only need the technology,
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋Œ์–ด์˜ฌ ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฆฌ์Šคํฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ๋‹นํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:40
but you have to deal with the risk of the energy coming from elsewhere.
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11:44
And, finally, this storage problem.
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์€ ์ €์žฅ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ณต๊ฐ„์ ์ธ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ž…์ˆ˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
11:47
To dimensionalize this,
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11:48
I went through and looked at all the types of batteries made --
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๋ชจ๋“  ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋ฐฐํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:52
for cars, for computers, for phones, for flashlights, for everything --
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์ž๋™์ฐจ, ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ, ์ „ํ™”๊ธฐ, ์ „๋“ฑ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋ฐฐํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ์™€
11:56
and compared that to the amount of electrical energy the world uses.
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์„ธ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ „๊ธฐ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์˜ ์–‘๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
12:01
What I found is that all the batteries we make now
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ˜„์žฌ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฐฐํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋™์›ํ•ด๋„
12:05
could store less than 10 minutes of all the energy.
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์ €์žฅํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋Š” ์ฑ„ 10๋ถ„๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์–‘์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:09
And so, in fact, we need a big breakthrough here,
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด ์ ์—์„œ ํฐ ๋ŒํŒŒ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:12
something that's going to be a factor of 100 better
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ฐฑ ๋ฐฐ ์ด์ƒ
12:16
than the approaches we have now.
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์•ž์„  ์ ‘๊ทผ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:18
It's not impossible, but it's not a very easy thing.
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๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜์ง„ ์•Š๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋งค์šฐ ์‰ฌ์šด ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:22
Now, this shows up when you try to get the intermittent source
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์ž ์ด์ œ ์ด ๊ฐ„ํ—์ ์ธ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์›์„ 20-30% ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ด
12:26
to be above, say, 20 to 30 percent of what you're using.
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์ด์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ด ๋ณผ ๋•Œ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ด ์ •๋„ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:30
If you're counting on it for 100 percent,
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100% ์ด์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ๋Š”
๋ฏฟ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„ ์ •๋„๋กœ ๊ธฐ์ ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฐํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹จ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
12:33
you need an incredible miracle battery.
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12:38
Now, how are we going to go forward on this -- what's the right approach?
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์ž ์ด์ œ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์‚ดํŽด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ์ ‘๊ทผ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
12:41
Is it a Manhattan Project? What's the thing that can get us there?
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๋งจํ•˜ํŠผ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ? ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
12:45
Well, we need lots of companies working on this -- hundreds.
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์ด ์ผ์— ์ „๋…ํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ ๊ฐœ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:50
In each of these five paths, we need at least a hundred people.
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๋‹ค์„ฏ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ ์–ด๋„ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 100 ๋ช…์€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:53
A lot of them, you'll look at and say, "They're crazy."
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๊ทธ ์ค‘ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๋ฏธ์ณค๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฑด ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:56
That's good.
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12:57
And, I think, here in the TED group,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ TED์— ์˜ค์‹œ๋Š” ๋ถ„๋“ค์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด๋ฉด,
13:00
we have many people who are already pursuing this.
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์ด๋ฏธ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ด ์ผ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:04
Bill Gross has several companies, including one called eSolar
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๋นŒ ๊ทธ๋กœ์Šค(Bill Gross)๋Š” ํƒœ์–‘ ์—ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์— ๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚œ eSolar๋ฅผ ๋น„๋กฏํ•ด์„œ
13:08
that has some great solar thermal technologies.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ธฐ์—…์„ ์šด์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
๋น„๋…ธ๋“œ ์ฝ”์Šฌ๋ผ(Vinod Khosla)๋„ ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ž ์žฌ๋ ฅ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”
13:11
Vinod Khosla is investing in dozens of companies
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13:14
that are doing great things and have interesting possibilities,
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์ˆ˜์‹ญ๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ธฐ์—…์— ํˆฌ์ž๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:18
and I'm trying to help back that.
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์ €๋„ ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๋ ค ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:20
Nathan Myhrvold and I actually are backing a company
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๋†€๋ผ์‹œ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋„ค์ดํŠผ ๋งˆ์ด๋ฅด๋ณผ๋“œ(Nathan Myhrvold)์™€ ์ €๋Š” ์›์ž๋ ฅ์„
13:24
that, perhaps surprisingly, is actually taking the nuclear approach.
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ํ†ตํ•œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์„ ๋ชจ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…์„ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:28
There are some innovations in nuclear: modular, liquid.
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์›์ž๋ ฅ ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ํ˜์‹  ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์ค‘์— ๋ชจ๋“ˆํ™”์™€ ์•กํ™”๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:32
Innovation really stopped in this industry quite some ago,
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์ƒ ์›์ž๋ ฅ ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ํ˜์‹ ์€ ์•„์ฃผ ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์ „์— ์ค‘๋‹จ๋˜์—ˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
13:36
so the idea that there's some good ideas laying around
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ํ˜์‹ ์„ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ผ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:39
is not all that surprising.
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13:41
The idea of TerraPower is that, instead of burning a part of uranium --
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ํ…Œ๋ผํŒŒ์›Œ(Terrapower)๋Š” ์šฐ๋ผ๋Š„ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ์˜
13:47
the one percent, which is the U235 --
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1 ํผ์„ผํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” U235๋ฅผ ์—ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹ 
13:50
we decided, "Let's burn the 99 percent, the U238."
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๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ 99%์ธ U238์„ ์—ฐ์†Œํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:54
It is kind of a crazy idea.
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๊ฝค ๊ต‰์žฅํ•œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด์ฃ .
13:57
In fact, people had talked about it for a long time,
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์ „์— ์ด์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ๋…ผ์˜ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
14:00
but they could never simulate properly whether it would work or not,
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์‹ค์ œ ๋™์ž‘ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์ ์ ˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ํ•œ ์ ์€ ์—†์—ˆ์ฃ .
14:04
and so it's through the advent of modern supercomputers
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ตœ์‹  ์Šˆํผ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ,
14:07
that now you can simulate and see that, yes,
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์ด์ œ๋Š” ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:09
with the right materials approach, this looks like it would work.
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๋„ค ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์•Œ๋งž์€ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:15
And because you're burning that 99 percent,
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์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ 99%๊นŒ์ง€ ์—ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
14:18
you have greatly improved cost profile.
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๋น„์šฉ๋ฉด์—์„œ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
14:22
You actually burn up the waste, and you can actually use as fuel
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ˜„์žฌ ์›์ž๋กœ์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋œ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„ฑ ํ๊ธฐ๋ฌผ์„ ์‹ค์ œ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋กœ
14:26
all the leftover waste from today's reactors.
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์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
14:29
So instead of worrying about them, you just take that, it's a great thing.
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ํ๊ธฐ๋ฌผ์„ ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹ ์— ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ์ผ์ด์ฃ .
14:34
It breeds this uranium as it goes along, so it's kind of like a candle.
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์šฐ๋ผ๋Š„์œผ๋กœ ์ˆจ์„ ์‰ฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด›๋ถˆ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์›๋ฆฌ์ฃ .
14:38
You see it's a log there, often referred to as a traveling wave reactor.
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์ €๊ธฐ ํ†ต๋‚˜๋ฌด ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์€, ์ข…์ข… ํŠธ๋ ˆ๋ธ”๋ง ์›จ์ด๋ธŒ ์›์ž๋กœ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:42
In terms of fuel, this really solves the problem.
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์—ฐ๋ฃŒ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
14:46
I've got a picture here of a place in Kentucky.
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์ผ„ํ„ฐํ‚ค์—์„œ ์ฐ์€ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:49
This is the leftover, the 99 percent,
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99%์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ์ด ์›์ „ ๋ถ€์‚ฐ๋ฌผ์€
14:51
where they've taken out the part they burn now,
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ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ฐ€๋™ ์ค‘์ธ ์›์ž๋กœ์—์„œ ์—ฐ์†Œ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์—ดํ™”์šฐ๋ผ๋Š„์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด์ฃ .
14:54
so it's called depleted uranium.
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14:55
That would power the US for hundreds of years.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ „์ฒด์— ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:58
And simply by filtering seawater in an inexpensive process,
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๋˜ํ•œ ํ•ด์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ €๋ ดํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ํ•„ํ„ฐ๋งํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ,
์•ž์œผ๋กœ ๋‚จ์€ ์ง€๊ตฌ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ช… ๋™์•ˆ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:02
you'd have enough fuel for the entire lifetime of the rest of the planet.
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15:06
So, you know, it's got lots of challenges ahead,
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์•„๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฐ์ ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
15:10
but it is an example of the many hundreds and hundreds of ideas
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ง„ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ ๊ฐ€์ง€์˜ ์ œ์•ˆ๋“ค ์ค‘
15:15
that we need to move forward.
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ํ•œ ์˜ˆ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:18
So let's think: How should we measure ourselves?
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ์ง€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
15:21
What should our report card look like?
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ๋ชจ์Šต์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
15:24
Well, let's go out to where we really need to get,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋„๋‹ฌํ•ด์•ผํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชฉํ‘œ์ง€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฏธ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€์„œ
15:27
and then look at the intermediate.
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์ค‘๊ฐ„ ์ •๋„ ๋˜๋Š” ์ง€์ ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ•˜์ฃ .
15:29
For 2050, you've heard many people talk about this 80 percent reduction.
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2050๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ 80ํผ์„ผํŠธ ๊ฐ์ถ•์„ ํ•ด์•ผํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์ €๊ธฐ์„œ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด์…จ์„๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ ์ง€์ ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:35
That really is very important, that we get there.
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15:38
And that 20 percent will be used up by things going on in poor countries --
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๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ 20ํผ์„ผํŠธ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ์ผ๋“ค์— ์˜ํ•ด์„œ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
15:42
still some agriculture; hopefully, we will have cleaned up forestry, cement.
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์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋†์—…์ด ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋‚จ์•„์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ •ํ™”๋œ ์‚ผ๋ฆผ๊ณผ ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์–ป๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋žจ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:48
So, to get to that 80 percent,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ 80%์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š”
15:51
the developed countries, including countries like China,
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์ค‘๊ตญ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ์„ ์ง„๊ตญ๋“ค์ด
15:55
will have had to switch their electricity generation altogether.
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์ „๊ธฐ๋ฐœ์ „ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ต์ฒดํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:00
The other grade is: Are we deploying this zero-emission technology,
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๋ชจ๋“  ์„ ์ง„๊ตญ๋“ค์ด ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์ถœํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์ฑ„ํƒํ•œ
16:06
have we deployed it in all the developed countries
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๋ฐœ์ „ ์„ค๋น„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋™ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ,
16:08
and are in the process of getting it elsewhere?
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ๋„ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ์ž‘์—…์ด ์ถ”์ง„๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:11
That's super important.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:13
That's a key element of making that report card.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด 2050 ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:17
Backing up from there, what should the 2020 report card look like?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€์„œ, 2020๋…„ ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ๋ชจ์Šต์ด์–ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
16:22
Well, again, it should have the two elements.
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์ด๋ฏธ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด, ๋‘๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ์ด๋ค„๋‚ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:24
We should go through these efficiency measures to start getting reductions:
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ด๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋“ค๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰ ๊ฐ์ถ•์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:28
The less we emit, the less that sum will be of CO2,
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์ ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐฐ์ถœํ•  ์ˆ˜๋ก CO2์˜ ์ด๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์€ ์ค„์–ด๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:31
and therefore, the less the temperature.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์˜จ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์•„์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
16:33
But in some ways, the grade we get there,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฉด์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ๋Š”, ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ๊ฐ์ถ•๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ์ด๋ฅด์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ํ•ด๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋ฉด์„œ
16:36
doing things that don't get us all the way to the big reductions,
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์ค‘๊ฐ„ ์ง€์ ๊นŒ์ง€ ์—์„œ ์–ป๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค, ํ˜์‹ ์ ์ธ ๋ŒํŒŒ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค
16:41
is only equally, or maybe even slightly less, important than the other,
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16:44
which is the piece of innovation on these breakthroughs.
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๋งŒํผ์ด๋‚˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:48
These breakthroughs, we need to move those at full speed,
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์„ธ์ƒ์˜ ํŒ๋„๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€๋งŒํ•œ ๊ด€๋ฌธ์„ ์ง€๋‚˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ „์†๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ฌ๋ ค์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์†๋ ฅ์€ ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค,
16:52
and we can measure that in terms of companies,
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16:54
pilot projects, regulatory things that have been changed.
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์‹œ๋ฒ” ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋“ค, ์ƒˆ๋กœ์›Œ์ง„ ๊ทœ์ œ ๋“ฑ์— ๋‹ฌ๋ ค ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:57
There's a lot of great books that have been written about this.
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์ด์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ถŒ์˜ ์ฑ…๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:00
The Al Gore book, "Our Choice,"
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์•จ ๊ณ ์–ด( Al Gore)์˜ "์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์„ ํƒ(Our Choice)"
17:03
and the David MacKay book, "Sustainable Energy Without the Hot Air."
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๋ฐ์ด๋น„๋“œ ๋งฅ์ผ€์ด(David McKay)์˜ "๋œจ๊ฑฐ์šด ๋Œ€๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ง€์†๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€.(Sustainable Energy Without the Hot Air.)"
17:06
They really go through it and create a framework
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์ด๋“ค์ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ํ† ๋ก ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
์žฅ์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:10
that this can be discussed broadly,
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17:11
because we need broad backing for this.
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๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์ง€์ง€๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
17:14
There's a lot that has to come together.
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๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ๋™์‹œ์— ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:16
So this is a wish.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฐ”๋žจ๊ฐ™์€ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:18
It's a very concrete wish that we invent this technology.
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์ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๋ฐœ๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ๋ฐ”๋žจ์ด์ฃ .
17:22
If you gave me only one wish for the next 50 years --
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ํ–ฅํ›„ 50๋…„์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ์ œ ์†Œ์›์ด ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„๋‹ค๋ฉด
17:25
I could pick who's president,
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์ €๋Š” ์ฐจ๊ธฐ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์„ ์ ์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ 
17:27
I could pick a vaccine, which is something I love,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฑ์‹ ์ด ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•˜๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋ž„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ 
17:30
or I could pick that this thing
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ํ˜น์€ CO2 ์ œ๊ฑฐ ๋ฐœ๋ช…์˜ ๋น„์šฉ์„ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์ค„์ด๋Š”
17:32
that's half the cost with no CO2 gets invented --
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์ด ์ผ์„ ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:36
this is the wish I would pick.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ๋ฅด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
17:38
This is the one with the greatest impact.
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์ด ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ๊ธฐ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:40
If we don't get this wish,
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์ด ์†Œ์›์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด
17:41
the division between the people who think short term and long term
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๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ๊ณณ์„ ๋‚ด๋‹ค ๋ณด๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ ๋‚ด๋‹ค๋ณด๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ณผ ์ค‘๊ตญ
17:45
will be terrible,
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17:46
between the US and China, between poor countries and rich,
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ณผ ์ค‘๊ตญ, ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋ถ€์œ ํ•œ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
17:49
and most of all,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  20์–ต ์ธ๊ตฌ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ๋” ๋น„์ฐธํ•ด์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:50
the lives of those two billion will be far worse.
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17:54
So what do we have to do?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
17:56
What am I appealing to you to step forward and drive?
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ๊ธˆ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•œ ๋ฐœ ๋” ๋‚ด๋”›๊ณ  ๊ณ„์† ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ˜ธ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
18:01
We need to go for more research funding.
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์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๊ธˆ์— ํˆฌ์žํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:04
When countries get together in places like Copenhagen,
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์ฝ”ํŽœํ•˜๊ฒ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณณ์— ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค์ด ๋ชจ์˜€์„๋•Œ
๋‹จ์ง€ CO2์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋งŒ ๋…ผ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:07
they shouldn't just discuss the CO2.
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18:09
They should discuss this innovation agenda.
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์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํ˜์‹ ์ ์ธ ์˜์ œ์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ๋…ผ์˜๋ฅผ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:11
You'd be stunned at the ridiculously low levels of spending
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ˜์‹  ์ ์ธ ์ ‘๊ทผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ ์€ ๊ธˆ์•ก์„
18:16
on these innovative approaches.
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ํˆฌ์žํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋†€๋ผ์•ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:18
We do need the market incentives -- CO2 tax, cap and trade --
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์ธ์„ผํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ, CO2 ์„ธ๊ธˆ, ํƒ„์†Œ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜์ œ๋ฅผ ๋น„๋กฏํ•ด
18:22
something that gets that price signal out there.
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ํ†ตํ•ด ์‹œ์žฅ์— ์ธ์„ผํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ๋ฅผ ์ค˜์•ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:25
We need to get the message out.
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์ด ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:26
We need to have this dialogue be a more rational,
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์ด ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ˜„๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด
18:29
more understandable dialogue,
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18:30
including the steps that the government takes.
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์ •๋ถ€์˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ์œ ๋„ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:33
This is an important wish, but it is one I think we can achieve.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ํฌ๋ง์ด๊ณ  ์„ฑ์ทจํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:37
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:38
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
18:48
(Applause ends)
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18:50
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:52
Chris Anderson: Thank you. Thank you.
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ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค ์•ค๋”์Šจ: ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:54
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
18:59
CA: Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ…Œ๋ผํŒŒ์›Œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ข€ ๋” ์•Œ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•˜๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ธ๋ฐ์š”
19:01
So to understand more about TerraPower.
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19:05
I mean, first of all, can you give a sense of what scale of investment this is?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ, ๋จผ์ € ํˆฌ์ž ๊ทœ๋ชจ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์กฐ๊ธˆ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ์‹œ๊ฒ ์–ด์š”?
19:10
Bill Gates: To actually do the software, buy the supercomputer,
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๋นŒ ๊ฒŒ์ด์ธ : ์Šˆํผ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ 
19:14
hire all the great scientists, which we've done,
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ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์„ ์˜์ž…ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ˜„์žฌ๊นŒ์ง€ ํ•œ ์ผ๋กœ
19:16
that's only tens of millions.
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์ˆ˜์ฒœ๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ •๋„ ๋ฐ–์— ๋“ค์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:19
And even once we test our materials out in a Russian reactor
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ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ์€ ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„ ์›์ž๋กœ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์—ฌ
๋ชจ๋“  ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ์ •์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋™์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์‹คํ—˜ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
19:23
to make sure our materials work properly,
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19:26
then you'll only be up in the hundreds of millions.
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์ˆ˜์–ต๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ •๋„ ๋ฐ–์— ๋“ค์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ผ์ด์ฃ .
19:28
The tough thing is building the pilot reactor --
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์–ด๋ ค์šด ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹œํ—˜์šฉ ์›์ž๋กœ๋ฅผ ๊ฑด์„คํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ธ๋ฐ,
19:31
finding the several billion, finding the regulator, the location
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์ˆ˜์‹ญ์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ, ๊ทœ์ œ๊ธฐ๊ด€, ์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์›์ž๋กœ๊ฐ€ ๋“ค์–ด์„ค
19:36
that will actually build the first one of these.
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์žฅ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ๋ จ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:38
Once you get the first one built, if it works as advertised,
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์ผ๋‹จ, ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๊ฑด์„คํ•˜๋ฉด, ์ž์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ด‘๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ
19:42
then it's just clear as day,
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๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์ด๊ณ  ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋ฐ€๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์›์ž๋ ฅ๋ฐœ์ „์†Œ๋ณด๋‹ค
19:43
because the economics, the energy density, are so different
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์œ ์šฉํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ž๋ช…ํ•ด์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:47
than nuclear as we know it.
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19:48
CA: So to understand it right,
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ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค: ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋•๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ •๋ฆฌํ•˜์ž๋ฉด, ์ด ์›์ž๋กœ๋Š” ์ง€ํ•˜์— ๊ฑด์„ค๋˜๋ฉฐ,
19:50
this involves building deep into the ground,
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19:52
almost like a vertical column of nuclear fuel, of this spent uranium,
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์‚ฌ์šฉํ›„์šฐ๋ผ๋Š„์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ 
์ˆ˜์ง ๊ธฐ๋‘ฅ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ƒ๊ธด ํ•ต์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ
19:57
and then the process starts at the top and kind of works down?
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์œ„์—์„œ ์•„๋ž˜๋กœ ๋ฐ€์–ด ๋„ฃ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
20:01
BG: That's right.
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๋นŒ: ๊ทธ๊ฑฐ์ฃ . ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์›์ž๋กœ๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์žฌ์žฅ์ „ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ 
20:02
Today, you're always refueling the reactor,
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20:04
so you have lots of people and lots of controls that can go wrong,
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๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋งŽ์€ ํ†ต์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ ์ž˜๋ชป๋  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์ฃ .
20:07
where you're opening it up and moving things in and out --
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์›์ž๋กœ๋ฅผ ์—ด๊ณ  ํ•ต์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๊ต์ฒดํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:10
that's not good.
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”.
20:12
So if you have very --
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ 60๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์žฅ์ „ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ๊ฐ’์‹ผ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
20:13
(Laughter)
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20:14
very cheap fuel that you can put 60 years in --
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20:17
just think of it as a log --
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์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ƒ๊ธด ํ†ต๋‚˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
20:19
put it down and not have those same complexities.
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๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์•„๋ž˜๋กœ ๋ฐ€์–ด ๋„ฃ๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์—๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด ์›์ž๋กœ์™€ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ๋ณต์žกํ•จ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:22
And it just sits there and burns for the 60 years, and then it's done.
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๊ทธ ์ž๋ฆฌ์—์„œ 60๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์—ฐ์†Œ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค์˜ˆ์š”.
20:27
CA: It's a nuclear power plant that is its own waste disposal solution.
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ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค: ์ž์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ๊ธฐ๋ฌผ์„ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ์›์ž๋ ฅ๋ฐœ์ „์†Œ๋„ค์š”.
20:31
BG: Yeah; what happens with the waste,
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๋นŒ: ๋„ค, ํ๊ธฐ๋ฌผ์„ ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๊ทธ์ž๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
20:33
you can let it sit there -- there's a lot less waste under this approach --
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์ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๋งค์šฐ ํ๊ธฐ๋ฌผ์ด ์ ๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ธฐ๋Š”๋ฐ,
20:38
then you can actually take that
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์—ฐ์†Œ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊บผ๋‚ด๊ณ  ์ƒˆ ๊ฒƒ์„
20:40
and put it into another one and burn that.
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๋ฐ€์–ด ๋„ฃ๊ณ  ์—ฐ์†Œํ•˜๊ธฐ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:43
And we start out, actually, by taking the waste that exists today
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๋˜ํ•œ ํ˜„์กด ํ๊ธฐ๋ฌผ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
20:47
that's sitting in these cooling pools or dry-casking by reactors --
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๋ƒ‰๊ฐ์ˆ˜์กฐ๋‚˜ ์›์ž๋กœ ๊ฒฉ๋‚ฉ์šฉ๊ธฐ ์•ˆ์˜ ๊ฑด์‹ ์ €์žฅ๊ณ ์— ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๋†€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:51
that's our fuel to begin with.
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์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ์ธ ์…ˆ์ด์ฃ .
20:53
So the thing that's been a problem from those reactors
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๊ธฐ์กด ์›์ž๋กœ์— ์žˆ์–ด ๊ณจ์น˜๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์˜€๋˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€
20:56
is actually what gets fed into ours,
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์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์žฌํƒ„์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์…ˆ์ด์ฃ .
20:58
and you're reducing the volume of the waste quite dramatically
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ํ๊ธฐ๋ฌผ์˜ ๋ถ„๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ
21:01
as you're going through this process.
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๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ค๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:03
CA: You're talking to different people around the world
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ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค: ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ
์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ•ด๋ณด์…จ์„ํ…๋ฐ,
21:06
about the possibilities.
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21:07
Where is there most interest in actually doing something with this?
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์–ด๋””์—์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ์ผ์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๋ณด์ด๋˜๊ฐ€์š”?
21:10
BG: Well, we haven't picked a particular place,
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๋นŒ: ์•„์ง ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ์žฅ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์–ด์š”,
ํ•ต์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„  ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ๋งŽ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
21:15
and there's all these interesting disclosure rules
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21:18
about anything that's called "nuclear."
390
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21:21
So we've got a lot of interest.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, ๋งŽ์€ ์ฃผ๋ชฉ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:23
People from the company have been in Russia, India, China.
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ํŠนํžˆ ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„, ์ธ๋„, ์ค‘๊ตญ์˜ ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ .
21:27
I've been back seeing the secretary of energy here,
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ถ€ ์žฅ๊ด€์˜ ์ง€์›๋„ ๋ชจ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ค‘์œผ๋กœ,
21:29
talking about how this fits into the energy agenda.
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์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์˜์ œ์— ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋ถ€ํ•ฉํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€ ๋…ผ์˜ํ•  ์˜ˆ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:33
So I'm optimistic.
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์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ €๋Š” ๋‚™๊ด€์ ์ด์—์š”. ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค์™€ ์ผ๋ณธ๋„ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์ž‘์—…์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:34
The French and Japanese have done some work.
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21:36
This is a variant on something that has been done.
397
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์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‹œ๋„๋“ค์˜ ๋Œ์—ฐ๋ณ€์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:40
It's an important advance, but it's like a fast reactor,
398
1300554
3682
์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ฐœ์ „์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ณ ์†์›์ž๋กœ์™€ ๋น„์Šทํ•˜์ฃ .
21:44
and a lot of countries have built them,
399
1304260
1976
์ด๋ฏธ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ๊ณ ์†์›์ž๋กœ๋ฅผ ๊ฑด์„ค ํ•ด ๋ณธ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ์žˆ์ฃ .
21:46
so anybody who's done a fast reactor is a candidate
400
1306260
2574
์ด ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์–ด๋””๋ผ๋„ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ฑด์„ค ํ›„๋ณด๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
21:48
to be where the first one gets built.
401
1308858
2378
21:51
CA: So, in your mind,
402
1311260
3442
ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค: ๋ณด์‹œ๊ธฐ์—, ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์‹ค์šฉํ™”๋˜๋ ค๋ฉด
21:54
timescale and likelihood of actually taking something like this live?
403
1314726
4758
์–ธ์ œ์ฏค ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
21:59
BG: Well, we need -- for one of these high-scale, electro-generation things
404
1319508
6087
๋นŒ: ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ๋กœ ์ €๋ ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ
๋ฐœ์ „ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ,
22:05
that's very cheap,
405
1325619
1158
22:06
we have 20 years to invent and then 20 years to deploy.
406
1326801
3678
20๋…„์˜ ํˆฌ์ž์™€ 20๋…„์˜ ์‹คํ–‰์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:10
That's sort of the deadline
407
1330503
1756
์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ชจ๋ธ์—์„œ ์˜ˆ์ •๋œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„
22:12
that the environmental models have shown us that we have to meet.
408
1332283
5258
๊ฑฐ์˜ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ถฉ์กฑ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์‹œํ•œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:17
And TerraPower -- if things go well, which is wishing for a lot --
409
1337565
5412
์•„๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ, ํƒœ๋ผํŒŒ์›Œ๊ฐ€ ํฐ ๋ฐ”๋žจ์ด๊ธฐ๋Š” ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ผ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
์ด ์‹œํ•œ์„ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์ถฉ์กฑ์‹œํ‚ฌ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:23
could easily meet that.
410
1343001
1643
22:24
And there are, fortunately now, dozens of companies --
411
1344668
3272
๋‹คํ–‰์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ๋„ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜๊ธด ํ•ด๋„,
22:27
we need it to be hundreds --
412
1347964
1351
๊ทธ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ ๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ ,
22:29
who, likewise, if their science goes well,
413
1349339
2217
๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์ž˜ ํ™•๋ณด๋˜๊ณ  ์•„์šธ๋Ÿฌ,
22:31
if the funding for their pilot plants goes well,
414
1351580
2895
์‹œํ—˜ ํ”Œ๋žœํŠธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํˆฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ž˜ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„๋‹ค๋ฉด,
22:34
that they can compete for this.
415
1354499
2026
๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์€ ์ด ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์„ฑ์ทจํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:36
And it's best if multiple succeed,
416
1356549
1974
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์‹œ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์ค‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•˜๋ฉด ์ตœ์„ ์ด์ฃ .
22:38
because then you could use a mix of these things.
417
1358547
2689
๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ํ˜ผํ•ฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:41
We certainly need one to succeed.
418
1361260
2081
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ์„ฑ๊ณต์‹œ์ผœ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:43
CA: In terms of big-scale possible game changers,
419
1363365
2959
ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค: ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ด ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ
22:46
is this the biggest that you're aware of out there?
420
1366348
2734
์ด๊ฒŒ ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ณ„ํš ์ค‘ ์ œ์ผ ํฐ ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
22:49
BG: An energy breakthrough is the most important thing.
421
1369106
4349
๋นŒ: ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์˜ ๋ŒํŒŒ๊ตฌ ๋งˆ๋ จ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:53
It would have been, even without the environmental constraint,
422
1373479
2983
ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ œ์•ฝ์ด ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด๋„ ์ด๋ค„์ ธ์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€์š”.
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์„ ๋”์šฑ ๋ถ€๊ฐ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
22:56
but the environmental constraint just makes it so much greater.
423
1376486
3863
23:00
In the nuclear space, there are other innovators.
424
1380373
3324
์›์ž๋ ฅ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ˜์‹ ๊ฐ€๋“ค๋„ ์žˆ์ฃ .
23:03
You know, we don't know their work as well as we know this one,
425
1383721
2990
์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ๋งŒํผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ž˜ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:06
but the modular people, that's a different approach.
426
1386735
3257
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ชจ๋“ˆํ™”๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ง„์˜์ด ์žˆ์ฃ .
์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์•ก์ฒด ํ˜•ํƒœ ์›์ž๋กœ์ธ๋ฐ, ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ์–ด๋ ค์›Œ ๋ณด์ด๊ธด ํ•˜์ฃ .
23:10
There's a liquid-type reactor, which seems a little hard,
427
1390016
3605
23:13
but maybe they say that about us.
428
1393645
2236
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
23:15
And so, there are different ones,
429
1395905
2331
๋˜ํ•œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค๋„ ์กด์žฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:18
but the beauty of this is a molecule of uranium
430
1398260
2976
์ด๊ฒƒ์˜ ์žฅ์ ์€ ์šฐ๋ผ๋Š„ ๋ถ„์ž ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€
23:21
has a million times as much energy as a molecule of, say, coal.
431
1401260
4090
์„ํƒ„ ๋ถ„์ž ๋ฐฑ๋งŒ๊ฐœ์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
23:25
And so, if you can deal with the negatives,
432
1405962
3016
๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„ , ๋ถ€์ง€์˜ ๊ทœ๋ชจ, ๋น„์šฉ์— ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ
๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ž˜ ํ†ต์ œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
23:29
which are essentially the radiation, the footprint and cost,
433
1409002
3852
ํ† ์ง€์™€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค๊ณผ
23:32
the potential, in terms of effect on land and various things,
434
1412878
3991
๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์€
23:36
is almost in a class of its own.
435
1416893
3343
๋น„๊ธธ์ž๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค: ๋งŒ์•ฝ ์‹คํŒจํ•˜๋ฉด ์–ด์ฉŒ์ฃ ?
23:41
CA: If this doesn't work, then what?
436
1421299
3639
23:44
Do we have to start taking emergency measures
437
1424962
3274
์ง€๊ตฌ ์˜จ๋„๋ฅผ ์•ˆ์ •๋˜๊ฒŒ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ
23:48
to try and keep the temperature of the earth stable?
438
1428260
3098
๋น„์ƒ์กฐ์น˜๋ผ๋„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด์•ผ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฑด๊ฐ€์š”?
23:51
BG: If you get into that situation,
439
1431382
1854
๋นŒ: ๋งŒ์•ฝ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ƒํƒœ์— ์ฒ˜ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
23:53
it's like if you've been overeating, and you're about to have a heart attack.
440
1433260
4976
๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์ด ๋จน์–ด์„œ ์‹ฌ์žฅ๋งˆ๋น„ ์ง์ „์— ๋‹ค๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:58
Then where do you go?
441
1438260
2525
๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์–ด๋”œ ๊ฐ€๋‚˜์š”? ์‹ฌ์žฅ ์ˆ˜์ˆ ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์กฐ์น˜๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:00
You may need heart surgery or something.
442
1440809
1933
24:02
There is a line of research on what's called geoengineering,
443
1442766
3870
์ง€์˜ค ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด๋ง(geoengineering)์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ถ„์•ผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
24:06
which are various techniques that would delay the heating
444
1446660
2977
20๋…„์—์„œ 30๋…„ ์ •๋„ ์ง€๊ตฌ ์˜จ๋‚œํ™”๋ฅผ ์ง€์—ฐ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
24:09
to buy us 20 or 30 years to get our act together.
445
1449661
3286
๊ณต๋™ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๋ชจ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
24:12
Now, that's just an insurance policy; you hope you don't need to do that.
446
1452971
3608
๋งˆ์น˜ ๋ณดํ—˜๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ฃ .
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ์“ธ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:16
Some people say you shouldn't even work on the insurance policy
447
1456603
3042
์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋ณดํ—˜์— ๋“ค ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜์ฃ , ๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๋ณดํ—˜์ด
๋‚˜ํƒœํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ธ๋ฐ,
24:19
because it might make you lazy,
448
1459669
1521
์‹ฌ์žฅ ์ˆ˜์ˆ ์ด ์ƒ๋ช…์„ ๊ตฌํ•ด์ค„ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ณ„์† ๋จน๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์–˜๊ธฐ์ฃ .
24:21
that you'll keep eating because you know heart surgery will be there to save you.
449
1461214
3866
๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์ด๊ฒŒ ํ˜„๋ช…ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€ ํ™•์‹ ์ด ์„œ์ง€ ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ,
24:25
I'm not sure that's wise, given the importance of the problem,
450
1465104
3117
์ง€์˜ค ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด๋ง์ด ์ด ์ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋…ผ์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ ,
24:28
but there's now the geoengineering discussion
451
1468245
3101
24:31
about: Should that be in the back pocket in case things happen faster,
452
1471370
4207
ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋ณด๋‹ค
24:35
or this innovation goes a lot slower than we expect?
453
1475601
3487
ํ˜์‹ ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ๋Š๋ฆด ๋•Œ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€๋น„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:40
CA: Climate skeptics:
454
1480809
1801
ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค: ๊ธฐํ›„ ํšŒ์˜๋ก ์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํ•œ ๋‘๋งˆ๋”” ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฉด,
24:42
If you had a sentence or two to say to them,
455
1482634
3506
๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ํ‹€๋ ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์„ค๋“ํ•˜์‹ค ๊ฑด๊ฐ€์š”?
24:46
how might you persuade them that they're wrong?
456
1486164
3609
24:50
BG: Well, unfortunately, the skeptics come in different camps.
457
1490905
3051
๋นŒ: ์•ˆํƒ€๊น๊ฒŒ๋„ ํšŒ์˜๋ก ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ง„์˜์— ์นจํˆฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:53
The ones who make scientific arguments are very few.
458
1493980
4441
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ณผํ•™์  ์ฃผ์žฅ์€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์ฃ .
24:58
Are they saying there's negative feedback effects
459
1498445
2989
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์—ญํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๋Š” ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์„œ
25:01
that have to do with clouds that offset things?
460
1501458
2202
๊ตฌ๋ฆ„๋“ค์ด ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๋ฐ˜์ „์‹œํ‚ฌ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜์ง€์š”?
25:03
There are very, very few things that they can even say
461
1503684
3308
์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๊ฐœ๋‚˜ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:07
there's a chance in a million of those things.
462
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2647
25:09
The main problem we have here -- it's kind of like with AIDS:
463
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ ์ค‘์— AIDS์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์žˆ์ฃ .
25:12
you make the mistake now, and you pay for it a lot later.
464
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ €์ง€๋ฅธ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ๊ทธ ๋Œ€๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์น˜๋ค„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:16
And so, when you have all sorts of urgent problems,
465
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ชจ๋“  ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ธด๋ฐ•ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ,
25:20
the idea of taking pain now that has to do with a gain later,
466
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๊ณ ํ†ต์„ ๋œ์ž๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ๋ถˆํ™•์‹คํ•œ ๊ณ ํ†ต์„
๋Š˜๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:24
and a somewhat uncertain pain thing.
467
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25:26
In fact, the IPCC report -- that's not necessarily the worst case,
468
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์‚ฌ์‹ค IPCC(๊ธฐํ›„๋ณ€ํ™”์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ„ํŒจ๋„) ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ตœ์•…์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์ง€๋งŒ,
25:32
and there are people in the rich world who look at IPCC and say,
469
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๋ถ€์œ ํ•œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์— ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด IPCC ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋ณธ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•  ์‚ฌ์•ˆ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:36
"OK, that isn't that big of a deal."
470
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25:38
The fact is it's that uncertain part that should move us towards this.
471
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์€, ๊ทธ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹คํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์›€์ง์ด๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:42
But my dream here is that,
472
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ œ๊ฟˆ์€ ๊ทธ ์ง„๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ ,
25:44
if you can make it economic, and meet the CO2 constraints,
473
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CO2 ์ œํ•œ์„ ๋งŒ์กฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฉด,
25:47
then the skeptics say,
474
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ํšŒ์˜๋ก ์ž๋“ค๋„ ๋งˆ์นจ๋‚ด ๊ธ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ ,
25:49
"OK, I don't care that it doesn't put out CO2,
475
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2280
"์ข‹์•„, CO2 ๋ฐฐ์ถœ์ด ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ƒ๊ด€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒ ๋‹ค.
25:51
I kind of wish it did put out CO2.
476
1551435
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CO2๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์ถœํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋Š” ์ชฝ์ด๊ธด ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ,
25:53
But I guess I'll accept it,
477
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1356
์ „๋ณด๋‹ค ์‹ธ๊ฒŒ ์ด์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ˆ˜์šฉํ•  ์šฉ์˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค."๊ณ  ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:54
because it's cheaper than what's come before."
478
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25:57
(Applause)
479
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค: ๋ณธ ๋กฌ๋ณด๊ทธ์˜ ์ฃผ์žฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐ˜๋ฐ•์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ณด์ด๋Š”๋ฐ,
26:02
CA: So that would be your response to the Bjรธrn Lomborg argument,
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3180
26:05
basically if you spend all this energy trying to solve the CO2 problem,
481
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CO2 ๋ฌธ์ œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์— ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ๊ธฐ์šธ์ธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฉด,
26:09
it's going to take away all your other goals
482
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋นˆ๊ณค, ๋ง๋ผ๋ฆฌ์•„ ํ‡ด์น˜ ๋“ฑ์—์„œ
26:11
of trying to rid the world of poverty and malaria and so forth,
483
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์ถ”์ง„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋“ค์€ ๋“ฑํ•œ์‹œ ๋  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:14
it's a stupid waste of the Earth's resources
484
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๋” ์ž˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์„ ์ œ์ณ๋‘๊ณ  ์ง€๊ตฌ์˜ ์ž์›์„ ๋‚ญ๋น„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
26:17
to put money towards that
485
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26:18
when there are better things we can do.
486
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1918
๋ฐ”๋ณด์Šค๋Ÿฐ ๋‚ญ๋น„๋กœ ๋ณด์ผ ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋Š”๋ฐ ์–ด์ฉŒ์ฃ ?
26:20
BG: Well, the actual spending on the R&D piece --
487
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๋นŒ: ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ์ง€์ถœ๋˜๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ ๋น„์šฉ์€ --
26:23
say the US should spend 10 billion a year more than it is right now --
488
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ด ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ง€์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ๋น„์šฉ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋งŽ์€ ๋งค๋…„ 100์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์— ๋‹ฌํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด๋„ --
26:27
it's not that dramatic.
489
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๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:29
It shouldn't take away from other things.
490
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ํšŒ์ˆ˜ํ•ด์•ผ๋งŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:31
The thing you get into big money on, and reasonable people can disagree,
491
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์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํฐ ์•ก์ˆ˜์— ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์—์„œ ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋™์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
26:34
is when you have something that's non-economic
492
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ํˆฌ์žํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๊ณณ์ด ๋น„๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์ผ ๋•Œ ๋”์šฑ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:36
and you're trying to fund that --
493
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์‹ค์ œ, ์ œ๊ฒŒ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ๋‚ญ๋น„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:38
that, to me, mostly is a waste.
494
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26:40
Unless you're very close,
495
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๋งค์šฐ ๊ทธ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋ฐ€์ ‘ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ง‰ ๊ถค๋„์— ์˜ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
26:42
and you're just funding the learning curve and it's going to get very cheap,
496
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๋งค์šฐ ์ €๋ ดํ•ด์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‚ญ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์ฃ .
26:45
I believe we should try more things
497
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ž ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งค์šฐ ์ €๋ ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ถ”์ง„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
26:48
that have a potential to be far less expensive.
498
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๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ์‹œ๋„ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:51
If the trade-off you get into is, "Let's make energy super expensive,"
499
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ํŠธ๋ ˆ์ด๋“œ-์˜คํ”„๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ธด๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋น„์‹ธ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
26:56
then the rich can afford that.
500
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๋ถ€์ž๋“ค๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:58
I mean, all of us here could pay five times as much for our energy
501
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์ œ ๋ง์€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๊ณ„์‹  ๋ถ„๋“ค์€ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋น„์šฉ์„ 5 ๋ฐฐ ๋” ์ง€๋ถˆํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ,
27:01
and not change our lifestyle.
502
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์ƒํ™œ๋„ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:03
The disaster is for that two billion.
503
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2264
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ 20์–ต์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์žฌ์•™์ด์ฃ .
27:05
And even Lomborg has changed.
504
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๋กฌ๋ณด๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋ณ€ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด๋„ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:07
His shtick now is, "Why isn't the R&D getting more discussed?"
505
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ด ์™œ ๋” ์ด์ƒ ๋…ผ์˜๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๊ฐ€ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:12
He's still, because of his earlier stuff,
506
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์— ์ €์งˆ๋ €๋˜ ์ผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด์„œ
27:14
still associated with the skeptic camp,
507
1634797
1900
์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ํšŒ์˜๋ก  ์ง„์˜์— ๋จธ๋ฌด๋ฅด๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
27:16
but he's realized that's a pretty lonely camp,
508
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๋งค์šฐ ์ ์ ํ•œ ๊ณณ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์•˜์„ ํ…Œ๊ณ 
27:19
and so, he's making the R&D point.
509
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์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์„ ์ด์Šˆ๋กœ ์ œ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:22
And so there is a thread of something that I think is appropriate.
510
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ ์ ˆํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋…ผ์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์žˆ์ฃ .
27:27
The R&D piece -- it's crazy how little it's funded.
511
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์— ์žฌ์ • ์ง€์›์ด ์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:30
CA: Well, Bill, I suspect I speak on behalf of most people here
512
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ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค: ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ฐธ์„ํ•˜์‹  ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ถ„๋“ค์„ ๋Œ€์‹ ํ•ด์„œ ์ •๋ง ๊ทธ ๋ฐ”๋žจ์ด
์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ •๋ง ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:34
to say I really hope your wish comes true.
513
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27:36
Thank you so much.
514
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๋นŒ: ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:37
BG: Thank you.
515
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27:38
(Applause)
516
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)

Original video on YouTube.com
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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