Why the universe seems so strange | Richard Dawkins

1,839,465 views ใƒป 2007-01-16

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Yangwoo Ko ๊ฒ€ํ† : Joonha Lee
00:25
My title: "Queerer than we can suppose: the strangeness of science."
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์ œ ๋ฐœํ‘œ์˜ ์ œ๋ชฉ์€ "์ƒ์ƒ์„ ์ดˆ์›”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ธฐ๊ดดํ•œ: ๊ณผํ•™์˜ ์ƒ์†Œํ•จ" ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:31
"Queerer than we can suppose" comes from J.B.S. Haldane, the famous biologist,
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"์ƒ์ƒ์„ ์ดˆ์›”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ธฐ๊ดดํ•œ"์ด๋ผ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„์€ ํ™€๋ฐ์ธ์ด ์“ด ๊ฒƒ์ธ๋ฐ
์ด ์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์ž๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ "๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ๋‚ด ๋Š๋‚Œ์—๋Š”
00:35
who said, "Now, my own suspicion is that the universe is not only queerer
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์šฐ์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์ƒํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๊ธฐ๊ดดํ•œ ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ,
00:40
than we suppose, but queerer than we can suppose.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚  ์ •๋„๋กœ ๊ธฐ๊ดดํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์•ผ.
00:44
I suspect that there are more things in heaven and earth
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๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์–ด๋–ค ์ฒ ํ•™์—์„œ ๊ฟˆ๊ฟ”์˜จ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฟˆ๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜
00:47
than are dreamed of, or can be dreamed of, in any philosophy."
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์šฐ์ฃผ๋ณด๋‹ค ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”."
๋ฆฌ์ฒ˜๋“œ ํŒŒ์ธ๋งŒ์€ ์–‘์ž ์ด๋ก ์˜ ์ •ํ™•๋„๋ฅผ
00:54
Richard Feynman compared the accuracy of quantum theories --
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์ฆ‰, ์‹คํ—˜์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ์นด๋ฝ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๊ตต๊ธฐ ์ดํ•˜์˜
00:59
experimental predictions --
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01:00
to specifying the width of North America to within one hair's breadth of accuracy.
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์˜ค์ฐจ๋ฒ”์œ„๋กœ ๋ถ๋ฏธ ๋Œ€๋ฅ™์˜ ํญ์„ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋น„์œ ํ•œ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:07
This means that quantum theory has got to be, in some sense, true.
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์ด๋Š” ์–‘์ž ์ด๋ก ์ด ์–ด๋–ค ์˜๋ฏธ์—์„œ ์ง„์‹ค์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋œป์ด์ฃ .
01:11
Yet the assumptions that quantum theory needs to make
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์˜ˆ์ธก์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์–‘์ž ์ด๋ก ์—์„œ ๋‚ด์„ธ์šฐ๋Š”
01:14
in order to deliver those predictions are so mysterious
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๊ฐ€์ •์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜๋„ ์ˆ˜์ˆ˜๊ป˜๋ผ ๊ฐ™์•„์„œ
01:18
that even Feynman himself was moved to remark,
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ํŒŒ์ธ๋งŒ ์กฐ์ฐจ๋„ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:21
"If you think you understand quantum theory,
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"์–‘์ž ์ด๋ก ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
01:24
you don't understand quantum theory."
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์–‘์ž ์ด๋ก ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค."
๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜๋„ ๊ธฐ๊ดดํ•ด์„œ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ €๋Ÿฐ
01:28
It's so queer that physicists resort to one or another
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01:32
paradoxical interpretation of it.
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๋ชจ์ˆœ๋œ ํ•ด์„์— ๊ธฐ๋Œˆ ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ–์— ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์˜ค๋Š˜ ๊ฐ•์—ฐํ•œ ๋ฐ์ด๋น— ๋„์ด์น˜๋Š” ๊ทธ์˜ ์ฑ… "์‹ค์ฒด์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ"์—์„œ
01:35
David Deutsch, who's talking here, in "The Fabric of Reality,"
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01:39
embraces the many-worlds interpretation of quantum theory,
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์–‘์ž ์ด๋ก ์˜ "๋‹ค์ค‘ ์„ธ๊ณ„" ํ•ด์„์„ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:45
because the worst that you can say about it
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ตœ์•…์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋„
01:47
is that it's preposterously wasteful.
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๋ถˆํ•ฉ๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚ญ๋น„์ ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์–˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋“ฃ๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ทธ์น˜๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
01:49
It postulates a vast and rapidly growing number of universes existing in parallel,
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์ด ์ด๋ก ์˜ ๊ฐ€์ •์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ํ‰ํ–‰ ์šฐ์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ๊ณต์กดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
๊ทธ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์ฒ™ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚˜๋ฉฐ ์–‘์ž ์—ญํ•™ ์‹คํ—˜์ด๋ผ๋Š”
01:55
mutually undetectable,
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01:57
except through the narrow porthole of quantum mechanical experiments.
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์ข์€ ํ˜„์ฐฝ์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๊ณ ๋Š” ์„œ๋กœ ํƒ์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋ฆฌ์ฒ˜๋“œ ํŒŒ์ธ๋งŒ์˜ ์–˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:05
And that's Richard Feynman.
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์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์ž์ธ ๋ฃจ์ด์Šค ์›”ํผํŠธ๋Š”
02:08
The biologist Lewis Wolpert believes
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02:10
that the queerness of modern physics
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ํ˜„๋Œ€ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ดดํ•จ์€
02:12
is just an extreme example.
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ณผ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ๊ณผํ•™์€ ์ƒ์‹์— ๋ฐฐ์น˜๋œ๋‹ค๋Š”
02:14
Science, as opposed to technology,
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02:16
does violence to common sense.
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๊ทน๋‹จ์ ์ธ ์˜ˆ์‹œ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:19
Every time you drink a glass of water, he points out,
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๋ฌผ ํ•œ ์ž”์„ ๋งˆ์‹ค ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค, ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ง€์ ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ,
02:22
the odds are that you will imbibe at least one molecule
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์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๋ฒ„ ํฌ๋กฌ์›ฐ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๊ด‘์„ ๋น ์ ธ ๋‚˜์˜จ ๋ฌผ ๋ถ„์ž๋ฅผ ์ตœ์†Œ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์ด์ƒ
02:26
that passed through the bladder of Oliver Cromwell.
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๋งˆ์‹ค ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (์›ƒ์Œ)
02:29
(Laughter)
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02:31
It's just elementary probability theory.
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์ด๊ฑด ๊ทธ์ € ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ํ™•๋ฅ ๋ก ์ด์ฃ .
02:33
(Laughter)
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02:34
The number of molecules per glassful is hugely greater
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ํ•œ ์ž”์— ๋“ค์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ถ„์ž์˜ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜
02:37
than the number of glassfuls, or bladdersful, in the world.
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๋ชจ๋“  ์ž” ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๊ด‘์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ํ›จ์”ฌ ํฌ๊ณ 
02:41
And of course, there's nothing special about Cromwell or bladders --
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๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ ํฌ๋กฌ์›ฐ์ด๊ฑด ๋ฐฉ๊ด‘์ด๊ฑด ๊ฐ€๋ฆด ๊ฒƒ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
02:44
you have just breathed in a nitrogen atom
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ํ‚ค ํฐ ์†Œ์ฒ ๋‚˜๋ฌด ์™ผํŽธ์— ์žˆ๋˜
02:47
that passed through the right lung of the third iguanodon
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์ด๊ตฌ์•„๋…ธ๋ˆ(์—ญ์ž์ฃผ:๋ฐฑ์•…๊ธฐ ํŒŒ์ถฉ๋ฅ˜)์˜ ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ ํ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์ณ๊ฐ„
02:51
to the left of the tall cycad tree.
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์งˆ์†Œ ์›์ž๋ฅผ ๋“ค์ด ๋งˆ์‹œ์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:56
"Queerer than we can suppose."
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"์ƒ์ƒ์„ ์ดˆ์›”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ธฐ๊ดดํ•˜๋‹ค."
02:59
What is it that makes us capable of supposing anything,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ญ”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ƒ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฑด ๋ญ˜๊นŒ์š”?
03:03
and does this tell us anything about what we can suppose?
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์ด๊ฑธ ์•Œ๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ญ˜ ์ƒ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
03:07
Are there things about the universe that will be forever beyond our grasp,
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์šฐ์ฃผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ ์ค‘์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์˜์›ํžˆ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ
์–ด๋–ค ์šฐ์›”ํ•œ ์กด์žฌ๋Š” ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
03:13
but not beyond the grasp of some superior intelligence?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”? ์šฐ์ฃผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ ์ค‘์—์„œ
03:16
Are there things about the universe
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03:18
that are, in principle, ungraspable by any mind,
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์•„๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ์šฐ์›”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„ ์–ด๋–ค ์กด์žฌ๋ผ๋„ ์›์น™์ ์œผ๋กœ
03:22
however superior?
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์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
03:25
The history of science has been one long series of violent brainstorms,
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๊ณผํ•™์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ฒฉ๋ ฌํ•œ ๋‚œ์ƒํ† ๋ก ์˜
์—ฐ์†์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํšŒ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ๋“ญํ•  ์ˆ˜๋ก ์šฐ์ฃผ์˜
03:30
as successive generations have come to terms with
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๊ธฐ๊ดดํ•œ ์ •๋„๋Š” ๊ณ„์†
03:33
increasing levels of queerness in the universe.
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๋†’์•„์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:36
We're now so used to the idea that the Earth spins,
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์š”์ฆ˜์—๋Š” ์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด
03:39
rather than the Sun moves across the sky,
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ต์ˆ™ํ•ด์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ
03:42
it's hard for us to realize
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03:43
what a shattering mental revolution that must have been.
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์ •์‹  ํ˜๋ช…์ด์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๊นจ๋‹ซ๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:47
After all, it seems obvious that the Earth is large and motionless,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์—๋„ ์ง€๊ตฌ๋Š” ํฌ๊ณ  ์›€์ง์ด์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉฐ
03:50
the Sun, small and mobile.
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ํƒœ์–‘์€ ์ž‘๊ณ  ์›€์ง์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋” ๋ช…๋ฐฑํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋Š๊ปด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
03:52
But it's worth recalling Wittgenstein's remark on the subject:
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๋น„ํŠธ๊ฒ์Šˆํƒ€์ธ์˜ ์ง€์ ์„ ๋˜์ƒˆ๊ธธ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:57
"Tell me," he asked a friend, "why do people always say
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์นœ๊ตฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ณต์ „ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
04:01
it was natural for man to assume that the Sun went 'round the Earth,
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ํƒœ์–‘์ด ์ง€๊ตฌ ์ฃผ์œ„๋ฅผ ๋ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์› ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋“ค
04:05
rather than that the Earth was rotating?"
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๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ๋ญ์ง€?"
04:08
And his friend replied, "Well, obviously,
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์นœ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•˜๊ธธ "๊ธ€์Ž„, ํƒœ์–‘์ด ์ง€๊ตฌ ์ฃผ์œ„๋ฅผ ๋„๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ด๋‹ˆ๊นŒ
04:10
because it just looks as though the Sun is going round the Earth."
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๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ฒ ์–ด?"
04:15
Wittgenstein replied, "Well, what would it have looked like
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๋น„ํŠธ๊ฒ์Šˆํƒ€์ธ์€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ์ฃ . "๊ธ€์Ž„, ์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋„๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค๋ฉด
04:18
if it had looked as though the Earth was rotating?"
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์–ด๋• ์„๊นŒ?" (์›ƒ์Œ)
04:22
(Laughter)
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04:27
Science has taught us, against all intuition,
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๊ณผํ•™์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณ์ค€ ๊ฒƒ์€ (์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ง๊ด€๊ณผ๋Š” ์ƒ๋ฐ˜๋˜๊ฒŒ)
04:30
that apparently solid things, like crystals and rocks,
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์ˆ˜์ •์ด๋‚˜ ๋ฐ”์œ„ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ช…๋ฐฑํžˆ ๋”ฑ๋”ฑํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋„
04:33
are really almost entirely composed of empty space.
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ํ…… ๋นˆ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:37
And the familiar illustration is the nucleus of an atom
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ํ”ํžˆ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›์ž์˜ ํ•ต์€ ๋Œ€์šด๋™์žฅ์˜ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ์žˆ๋Š”
04:42
is a fly in the middle of a sports stadium,
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ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ ํ•œ ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ์ธ ์…ˆ์ด๊ณ  ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์˜†์˜ ์›์ž๋Š”
04:45
and the next atom is in the next sports stadium.
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์ด์›ƒ ์šด๋™์žฅ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:48
So it would seem the hardest, solidest, densest rock
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‹จ๋‹จํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์กฐ๋ฐ€ํ•œ ๋ฐ”์œ„๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€
04:52
is really almost entirely empty space,
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๊ฑฐ์˜ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋นˆ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ผ ๋ฟ์ด๊ณ  ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋„๋ฆฌ ํผ์ ธ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๋„์ €ํžˆ ์…€ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š”
04:55
broken only by tiny particles so widely spaced they shouldn't count.
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์ž‘์€ ์ž…์ž๋“ค๋งŒ์ด ๊ทธ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ํœ˜์ “๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:00
Why, then, do rocks look and feel solid and hard and impenetrable?
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์™œ ๋ฐ”์œ„๋Š” ๋”ฑ๋”ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ๋šซ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ  ๋Š๊ปด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
05:06
As an evolutionary biologist, I'd say this: our brains have evolved
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์ง„ํ™”์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์ž๋กœ์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๋ง์”€์€
05:10
to help us survive within the orders of magnitude, of size and speed
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ชธ์ด ๋™์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ํฌ๊ธฐ์™€ ์†๋„์˜ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ƒ์กดํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๊ฒŒ
05:17
which our bodies operate at.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋‡Œ๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ™”ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์›์ž์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ
05:19
We never evolved to navigate in the world of atoms.
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๋Œ์•„๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋„๋ก ์ง„ํ™”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ ˆ๋Œ€๋กœ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:22
If we had, our brains probably would perceive rocks
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ง„ํ™”ํ–ˆ๋”๋ผ๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋‡Œ๋Š” ๋ฐ”์œ„๋ฅผ
05:25
as full of empty space.
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๊ทธ์ € ๋นˆ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์ง€ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์†์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ์ง€๋ฉด ๋ฐ”์œ„๊ฐ€ ๋‹จ๋‹จํ•˜๊ณ  ๋šซ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ 
05:26
Rocks feel hard and impenetrable
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05:29
to our hands, precisely because objects like rocks and hands
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๋Š๊ปด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฐ”์œ„๋‚˜ ์† ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฌผ์ฒด๋Š” ์„œ๋กœ
05:34
cannot penetrate each other.
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๋šซ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋‡Œ๊ฐ€
05:36
It's therefore useful
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05:38
for our brains to construct notions like "solidity" and "impenetrability,"
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"๋”ฑ๋”ฑํ•จ" ์ด๋‚˜ "๋šซ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Œ"๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
05:44
because such notions help us to navigate our bodies
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ˆ„๋น„๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋…€์•ผ ํ•  ์ค‘๊ฐ„ ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋Œ์•„๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
05:48
through the middle-sized world in which we have to navigate.
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์ด๋“ค ๊ฐœ๋…์ด ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:52
Moving to the other end of the scale,
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๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํŽธ ๊ทน๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋ณด์ž๋ฉด
05:54
our ancestors never had to navigate through the cosmos
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์กฐ์ƒ์€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๊ด‘์†์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ๋Œ์•„๋‹ค๋…€์•ผ ํ•  ์ผ์ด
05:57
at speeds close to the speed of light.
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๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งŒ์•ฝ ๊ทธ๋ž˜์•ผ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋‡Œ๋Š” ํ›จ์”ฌ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ
06:00
If they had, our brains would be much better at understanding Einstein.
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์•„์ธ์‰ฌํƒ€์ธ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ฒ ์ง€์š”. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ™œ๋™ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ํ‚ค์›Œ์˜จ
06:05
I want to give the name "Middle World" to the medium-scaled environment
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์ค‘๊ฐ„ ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— "์ค‘๊ฐ„ ์„ธ๊ณ„"๋ผ๋Š” ์ด๋ฆ„์„
06:10
in which we've evolved the ability to take act --
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๋ถ™์ด๊ณ ์ž ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ค‘๊ฐ„๊ณ„๋ž‘์€
06:12
nothing to do with "Middle Earth" --
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์ƒ๊ด€์—†๊ณ ์š” ์ค‘๊ฐ„ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (์›ƒ์Œ)
06:14
Middle World.
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06:15
(Laughter)
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06:17
We are evolved denizens of Middle World,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ค‘๊ฐ„ ์„ธ๊ณ„์— ์„œ์‹ํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒ๋ฌผ๋กœ ์ง„ํ™”ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด
06:20
and that limits what we are capable of imagining.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ์ œํ•œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์นœ์ˆ™ํ•œ
06:23
We find it intuitively easy to grasp ideas like,
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๊ฐœ๋…์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์–ด๋–ค ํ† ๋ผ๊ฐ€ ์ค‘๊ฐ„ ์†๋„ ์ฆ‰ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋ฌผ์ฒด๊ฐ€
06:26
when a rabbit moves at the sort of medium velocity
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์›€์ง์ด๋Š” ์†๋„๋กœ ์›€์ง์ด๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ค‘๊ฐ„ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๋ฌผ์ฒด
06:29
at which rabbits and other Middle World objects move,
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06:32
and hits another Middle World object like a rock, it knocks itself out.
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์˜ˆ์ปจ๋Œ€ ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฐ”์œ„์— ๋ถ€๋”ช์น˜๋ฉด ๋ป—๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:37
May I introduce Major General Albert Stubblebine III,
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์•จ๋ฒ„ํŠธ ์Šคํ„ฐ๋ธ”๋ฐ”์ธ 3์„ธ๋ฅผ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ• ๊นŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:43
commander of military intelligence in 1983.
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1983๋…„์— ์œก๊ตฐ ์ •๋ณด ์‚ฌ๋ น๊ด€์„ ํ–ˆ๋˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:48
"...[He] stared at his wall in Arlington, Virginia, and decided to do it.
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๋ฒ„์ง€๋‹ˆ์•„ ์•Œ๋งํ„ด์˜ ์ž๊ธฐ ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์‹ค ๋ฒฝ์„ ์ณ๋‹ค๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์‹ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:54
As frightening as the prospect was, he was going into the next office.
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๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ• ์ง€ ๊ฒ์ด ๋‚ฌ์ง€๋งŒ ์˜† ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์‹ค๋กœ ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ•œ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
07:00
He stood up and moved out from behind his desk.
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์ผ์–ด์„œ์„œ ์ฑ…์ƒ ๋’ค๋กœ ๋ฌผ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:05
'What is the atom mostly made of?' he thought, 'Space.'
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์›์ž๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๋ฌด์—‡์œผ๋กœ ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ ? ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด์•ผ.
07:09
He started walking. 'What am I mostly made of? Atoms.'
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๊ฑท๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๋ฌด์—‡์œผ๋กœ ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์ง€? ์›์ž.
07:15
He quickened his pace, almost to a jog now.
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์†๋„๋ฅผ ๋†’์—ฌ์„œ ์ด์ œ ์กฐ๊น…ํ•˜๋Š” ์†๋„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:18
'What is the wall mostly made of?'
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๋ฒฝ์€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๋ฌด์—‡์œผ๋กœ ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์ง€? ์›์ž.
07:20
(Laughter)
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07:21
'Atoms!'
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07:23
All I have to do is merge the spaces.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๊ณต๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ํ•ฉ์น˜๊ธฐ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ž–์•„.
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋Š” ์Šคํ„ฐ๋ธ”๋ฐ”์ธ ์žฅ๊ตฐ์€ ์ž๊ธฐ ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์‹ค ๋ฒฝ์— ์ฝ”๋ฅผ ์‹ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ
07:28
Then, General Stubblebine banged his nose hard on the wall of his office.
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๋ฐ•์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 1๋งŒ6์ฒœ๋ช…์˜ ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋ฅผ ์ง€ํœ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์Šคํ„ฐ๋ธ”๋ฐ”์ธ์€
07:34
Stubblebine, who commanded 16,000 soldiers,
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07:38
was confounded by his continual failure to walk through the wall.
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๋ฒฝ์„ ๋šซ๊ณ  ๊ฑธ์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๊ณ„์† ์‹คํŒจํ•˜์ž ์–ด๋ฆฌ๋‘ฅ์ ˆํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:42
He has no doubt that this ability will one day be a common tool
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์–ธ์  ๊ฐ€ ์ด ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ๊ตฐ์—์„œ ์‹ค์šฉํ™” ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ 
07:45
in the military arsenal.
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ํ™•์‹ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ตฐ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐํžˆ
07:46
Who would screw around with an army that could do that?"
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์ง‘์ ๋Œ€๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์ด ์–˜๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฉฐ์น  ์ „์— ์ฝ๋˜ ํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด๋ณด์ด์—
07:50
That's from an article in Playboy,
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07:52
which I was reading the other day.
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์‹ค๋ฆฐ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (์›ƒ์Œ)
07:54
(Laughter)
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07:56
I have every reason to think it's true;
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์ €๋Š” ์ด๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด๋ณด์ด๋ฅผ
07:58
I was reading Playboy because I, myself, had an article in it.
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์ฝ๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š” ์ œ ๊ธ€์ด ์‹ค๋ ธ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”. (์›ƒ์Œ)
08:01
(Laughter)
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08:07
Unaided human intuition, schooled in Middle World,
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์ค‘๊ฐ„ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ต์œก๋ฐ›์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ง๊ด€๋งŒ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ ๋Š”
08:12
finds it hard to believe Galileo when he tells us
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๊ณต๊ธฐ ์ €ํ•ญ๋งŒ ์—†๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ฌด๊ฑฐ์šด ๋ฌผ์ฒด๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€๋ฒผ์šด ๋ฌผ์ฒด๋‚˜
08:15
a heavy object and a light object, air friction aside,
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๋™์‹œ์— ๋•…์— ๋–จ์–ด์ง„๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐˆ๋ฆด๋ ˆ์˜ค๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ
08:18
would hit the ground at the same instant.
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์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฏฟ๊ธฐ๋Š” ํž˜๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:20
And that's because in Middle World, air friction is always there.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ค‘๊ฐ„ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ธฐ ์ €ํ•ญ์ด ํ•ญ์ƒ ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
08:24
If we'd evolved in a vacuum,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง„๊ณต์—์„œ ์ง„ํ™”ํ•ด์™”๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ ๋•…์—
08:25
we would expect them to hit the ground simultaneously.
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๋™์‹œ์— ๋–จ์–ด์ง„๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ–ˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ . ๋งŒ์•ฝ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„๋ผ์„œ
08:29
If we were bacteria,
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08:30
constantly buffeted by thermal movements of molecules,
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์—ด ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋กœ ์›€์ง์ด๋Š” ๋ถ„์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ณ„์† ์‹œ๋‹ฌ๋ ค์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
08:33
it would be different.
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๋‹ฌ๋ž๊ฒ ์ฃ .
08:35
But we Middle-Worlders are too big to notice Brownian motion.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ค‘๊ฐ„ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ƒ๋ฌผ๋“ค์€ ๋ธŒ๋ผ์šด ์šด๋™์„ ๋Š๋ผ๊ธฐ์—” ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ํฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:38
In the same way, our lives are dominated by gravity,
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๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‚ถ์€ ์ค‘๋ ฅ์˜ ์ง€๋ฐฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์—
08:42
but are almost oblivious to the force of surface tension.
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ํ‘œ๋ฉด์žฅ๋ ฅ์€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์žŠ๊ณ  ์ง€๋‚ด๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:45
A small insect would reverse these priorities.
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์ž‘์€ ๊ณค์ถฉ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์ด ๋‘˜์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์ด ๋’ค์ง‘ํž™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:50
Steve Grand -- he's the one on the left,
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์Šคํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ ๊ทธ๋žœ๋“œ - ์™ผ์ชฝ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:52
Douglas Adams is on the right.
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๋”๊ธ€๋Ÿฌ์Šค ์• ๋ค์Šค(์—ญ์ž์ฃผ: ์€ํ•˜์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์—ฌํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ํžˆ์น˜ํ•˜์ด์ปค๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์•ˆ๋‚ด์„œ์˜ ์ €์ž)๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ์— ์žˆ๋„ค์š”. ์Šคํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ ๊ทธ๋žœ๋“œ๋Š”
08:54
Steve Grand, in his book, "Creation: Life and How to Make It,"
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๊ทธ์˜ ์ฑ… "์ฐฝ์กฐ: ์ƒ๋ช…๊ณผ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฒ•" ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์—๋งŒ
08:57
is positively scathing about our preoccupation with matter itself.
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์ •์‹ ์ด ํŒ”๋ ค์žˆ์Œ์„ ์‚ด์ง ๋น„๋‚œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:03
We have this tendency to think that only solid, material things
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋”ฑ๋”ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ ์ง„์งœ ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์ด๋ผ๊ณ 
09:07
are really things at all.
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์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณค ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง„๊ณต์—์„œ ์ „์ž๊ธฐํŒŒ์˜ ํŒŒ๋™์€
09:09
Waves of electromagnetic fluctuation in a vacuum seem unreal.
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์‹ค์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌ๊น๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:14
Victorians thought the waves had to be waves in some material medium:
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๋น…ํ† ๋ฆฌ์•„ ์‹œ๋Œ€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ํŒŒ๋™์ด ํผ์ ธ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ด ๋งค๊ฐœ์ฒด๋กœ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ๋งŒ
09:19
the ether.
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ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ์—ํ…Œ๋ฅด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„
09:21
But we find real matter comforting
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09:23
only because we've evolved to survive in Middle World,
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ํŽธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ด ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ์–˜๊ธฐ์ธ ์ค‘๊ฐ„ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์‚ด์•„๋‚จ๋„๋ก
09:27
where matter is a useful fiction.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ™”ํ•ด์™”๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:31
A whirlpool, for Steve Grand, is a thing with just as much reality
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์†Œ์šฉ๋Œ์ด๊ฐ€ ์Šคํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ ๊ทธ๋žœ๋“œ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๋ฐ”์œ„์™€ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์˜
09:35
as a rock.
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์‹ค์ฒด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:37
In a desert plain in Tanzania,
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ํƒ„์ž๋‹ˆ์•„์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ง‰์—๋Š” ์˜ฌ ๋„๋‡จ ๋ ๊ฐ€์ด ํ™”์‚ฐ ๊ธฐ์Šญ์—
09:40
in the shadow of the volcano Ol Doinyo Lengai,
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ํ™”์‚ฐ์žฌ๋กœ ๋œ ๋ชจ๋ž˜ ์–ธ๋•์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:43
there's a dune made of volcanic ash.
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09:46
The beautiful thing is that it moves bodily.
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์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ์ ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ†ต์งธ๋กœ ์›€์ง์ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:50
It's what's technically known as a "barchan,"
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์ „๋ฌธ์šฉ์–ด๋กœ๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋ฅดํ•œ(์—ญ์ž์ฃผ:์ดˆ์Šน๋‹ฌ ๋ชจ์–‘์˜ ๋ชจ๋ž˜ ์–ธ๋•)์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๋ชจ๋ž˜ ์–ธ๋• ์ „์ฒด๊ฐ€
09:52
and the entire dune walks across the desert in a westerly direction
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์‚ฌ๋ง‰์„ ๊ฐ€๋กœ์งˆ๋Ÿฌ ์„œ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•˜๊ณ 
09:56
at a speed of about 17 meters per year.
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๊ทธ ์†๋„๋Š” ๋Œ€๋žต ์ผ๋…„์— 17๋ฏธํ„ฐ ์ •๋„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:59
It retains its crescent shape and moves in the direction of the horns.
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์ดˆ์Šน๋‹ฌ ๋ชจ์–‘์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•œ ์ฑ„ ๋พฐ์กฑํ•œ ๋์ชฝ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์›€์ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:04
What happens is that the wind blows the sand up the shallow slope
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์€ ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์ด ๋ชจ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๋ถˆ์–ด์„œ
์–•์€ ๊ฒฝ์‚ฌ ๋„ˆ๋จธ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํŽธ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ . ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ,
10:08
on the other side,
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10:09
and then, as each sand grain hits the top of the ridge, it cascades down
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๋ชจ๋ž˜ ์•Œ๊ฐฑ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋“ฑ์„ฑ์ด์˜ ๊ผญ๋Œ€๊ธฐ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ๋•Œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๊ทธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์ดˆ์Šน๋‹ฌ์˜ ์•ˆ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ํ˜๋Ÿฌ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ 
10:13
on the inside of the crescent,
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10:14
and so the whole horn-shaped dune moves.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋พฐ์กฑํ•œ ๋ชจ๋ž˜ ์–ธ๋• ์ „์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์›€์ง์ด๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:19
Steve Grand points out that you and I are, ourselves,
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์Šคํ‹ฐ๊ทธ ๊ทธ๋žœ๋“œ๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด๋‚˜ ์ €, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค ์Šค์Šค๋กœ๊ฐ€
10:23
more like a wave than a permanent thing.
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๋ถˆ๋ณ€์˜ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ด๋ผ๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ํŒŒ๋„์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ง€์ ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:26
He invites us, the reader,
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋…์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๊ถŒ์œ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์–ด๋ฆฐ ์‹œ์ ˆ์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„
10:28
to think of an experience from your childhood,
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๋– ์˜ฌ๋ ค๋ณด๋ผ. ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋˜๋ ท์ด ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ 
10:31
something you remember clearly,
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10:32
something you can see, feel, maybe even smell,
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๋˜ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
10:35
as if you were really there.
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๋ณด๊ณ  ๋Š๋ผ๊ณ  ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด๋Š” ๋ƒ„์ƒˆ์กฐ์ฐจ ๋งก์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
10:37
After all, you really were there at the time, weren't you?
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ ๋•Œ ์ง„์งœ๋กœ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์€๊ฐ€?
10:41
How else would you remember it?
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ฒ ๋Š”๊ฐ€?
10:43
But here is the bombshell: You weren't there.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๊นœ์ง ๋†€๋ž„ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๊ณณ์— ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค.
10:46
Not a single atom that is in your body today
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋‹น์‹  ๋ชธ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์›์ž ์ค‘์—์„œ ๋‹จ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋„
10:48
was there when that event took place.
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๊ทธ ์ผ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ณณ์— ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ๋ฌผ์งˆ์€ ์ด ์žฅ์†Œ์—์„œ ์ € ์žฅ์†Œ๋กœ
10:51
Matter flows from place to place
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10:53
and momentarily comes together to be you.
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ํ๋ฅด๋ฉฐ ์ผ์‹œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ชจ์—ฌ์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ์ด๋ฃฐ ๋ฟ์ด๋‹ค.
10:56
Whatever you are, therefore,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ, ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๊ฑด ๊ฐ„์— ๋‹น์‹ ์€
10:57
you are not the stuff of which you are made.
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๋‹น์‹ ์„ ์ด๋ฃจ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:01
If that doesn't make the hair stand up on the back of your neck,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ด ์–˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋“ฃ๊ณ ๋„ ๋’ท๋œ๋ฏธ์˜ ํ„ธ์ด ๊ณง์ถ”์„œ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด
11:04
read it again until it does, because it is important.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋  ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ฝ์–ด๋ผ. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค."
11:09
So "really" isn't a word that we should use with simple confidence.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, "์‹ค์ œ๋กœ"๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ํ™•์‹ ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:14
If a neutrino had a brain,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ค‘์„ฑ๋ฏธ์ž(์—ญ์ž์ฃผ: ์ „์ž ์ •๋„์˜ ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์ „๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ค‘์„ฑ์ธ ์†Œ๋ฆฝ์ž)๊ฐ€
11:16
which it evolved in neutrino-sized ancestors,
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์ž๊ธฐ๋งŒํ•œ ์กฐ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ง„ํ™”ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‘๋‡Œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
11:19
it would say that rocks really do consist of empty space.
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๋ฐ”์œ„๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ํ—ˆ๊ณต์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:23
We have brains that evolved in medium-sized ancestors
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋‡Œ๋Š” ๋ฐ”์œ„๋ฅผ ๋šซ๊ณ  ์ง€๋‚˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ์ค‘๊ฐ„ ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜
11:26
which couldn't walk through rocks.
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์กฐ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ง„ํ™”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:29
"Really," for an animal, is whatever its brain needs it to be
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์–ด๋–ค ๋™๋ฌผ์—๊ฒŒ "์‹ค์ œ๋กœ"๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๊ฑด ๊ทธ์˜ ์ƒ์กด์— ๋„์›€์ด ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ 
11:33
in order to assist its survival.
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๋‘๋‡Œ๊ฐ€ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋ฌด์—‡์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:36
And because different species live in different worlds,
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๊ฐ ์ƒ๋ฌผ ์ข…์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์„ธ๊ณ„์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ
11:38
there will be a discomforting variety of "reallys."
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๋ถˆํŽธํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋„ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ "์‹ค์ œ๋กœ"๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:45
What we see of the real world is not the unvarnished world,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ง์น ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์›๋ž˜์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
11:49
but a model of the world, regulated and adjusted by sense data,
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์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ชจ๋ธ์€ ๊ฐ์ง€๋œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋กœ ๊ทœ์ •๋˜๊ณ  ์กฐ์ •๋˜๋ฉฐ
11:53
but constructed so it's useful for dealing with the real world.
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์‹ค์ œ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๋Š”๋ฐ ์œ ์šฉํ•˜๋„๋ก ๊ณ ์•ˆ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:58
The nature of the model depends on the kind of animal we are.
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์ด ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ค ๋™๋ฌผ์ด๋ƒ์— ๋‹ฌ๋ ค ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:02
A flying animal needs a different kind of model
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๋‚ ์•„๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋Š” ๋™๋ฌผ์€ ๊ฑท๊ณ , ๊ธฐ์–ด์˜ค๋ฅด๊ณ , ์ˆ˜์˜ํ•˜๋Š”
12:05
from a walking, climbing or swimming animal.
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๋™๋ฌผ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:08
A monkey's brain must have software capable of simulating
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์›์ˆญ์ด์˜ ๋‘๋‡Œ๋Š” ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ํ‹€๋ฆผ์—†์ด ๊ฐ€์ง€์™€ ์ค„๊ธฐ์˜ 3์ฐจ์› ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ
12:12
a three-dimensional world of branches and trunks.
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๋ชจ์˜ ์‹คํ—˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:16
A mole's software for constructing models of its world will be customized
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๋‘๋”์ง€ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ด๋Š” ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋Š”
์ง€ํ•˜์— ์•ˆ์„ฑ๋งž์ถค์œผ๋กœ ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:20
for underground use.
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12:22
A water strider's brain doesn't need 3D software at all,
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์†Œ๊ธˆ์Ÿ์ด์˜ ๋‘๋‡Œ๋Š” ์•„๋งˆ 3์ฐจ์› ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š” ์—†์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:26
since it lives on the surface of the pond,
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์—๋“œ์œˆ ์• ๋ฒ—์˜ ํ‰์ง€(์—ญ์ž์ฃผ: ๋™๋ช…์˜ ์†Œ์„ค์—์„œ ๋”ฐ์˜จ ๋ง๋กœ 2์ฐจ์› ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋œปํ•จ)์— ์žˆ๋Š”
12:28
in an Edwin Abbott flatland.
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์—ฐ๋ชป์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ฉด์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
12:32
I've speculated that bats may see color with their ears.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ถ”์ธกํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ๋Š” ๋ฐ•์ฅ๋Š” ๊ท€๋กœ ์ƒ‰๊น”์„ ๋ณผ ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:37
The world model that a bat needs in order to navigate
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๋ฐ•์ฅ๊ฐ€ 3์ฐจ์›์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋Œ์•„๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋ฉด์„œ
12:40
through three dimensions catching insects
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๋ฒŒ๋ ˆ๋ฅผ ์žก๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋ชจ๋ธ์€
12:42
must be pretty similar to the world model that any flying bird --
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๋‚ฎ์— ๋‚ ์•„๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋Š” ์ œ๋น„ ๊ฐ™์€ ์•„๋ฌด ์ƒˆ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜
12:45
a day-flying bird like a swallow -- needs to perform the same kind of tasks.
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์ผ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋ชจ๋ธ๊ณผ ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ
๋น„์Šทํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:50
The fact that the bat uses echoes in pitch darkness
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๊ทธ ๋ชจ๋ธ์— ํ˜„์žฌ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ๊ฐ’์„ ์ž…๋ ฅํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ
12:53
to input the current variables to its model,
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๋ฐ•์ฅ๊ฐ€ ์น ํ™๊ฐ™์€ ์–ด๋‘  ์†์—์„œ ๋ฉ”์•„๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์—
12:56
while the swallow uses light, is incidental.
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์ œ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋น›์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:59
Bats, I've even suggested, use perceived hues, such as red and blue,
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์ €๋Š” ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ๋ฐ•์ฅ๊ฐ€ ๋นจ๊ฐ•์ด๋‚˜ ํŒŒ๋ž‘๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ธ์ง€ํ•œ ์ƒ‰์ƒ์„ ๋ฉ”์•„๋ฆฌ์˜
13:04
as labels, internal labels, for some useful aspect of echoes --
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์œ ์šฉํ•œ ํŠน์ง•์— ๋ถ™์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ์ปจ๋Œ€ ํ„ธ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€, ๋งค๋„๋Ÿฌ์šด๊ฐ€ ๋“ฑ
13:10
perhaps the acoustic texture of surfaces, furry or smooth and so on --
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ํ‘œ๋ฉด์˜ ์Œํ–ฅ์  ์งˆ๊ฐ์— ์ด๋ฆ„ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋ถ™์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
13:15
in the same way as swallows or indeed, we, use those perceived hues --
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์ด๋Š” ํก์‚ฌ ์ œ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋ถ‰์€, ํ‘ธ๋ฅธ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ธ์ง€ํ•œ ์ƒ‰์ƒ์„
๋น›์˜ ํŒŒ์žฅ์— ๋ถ™์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ
13:20
redness and blueness, etc. --
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13:21
to label long and short wavelengths of light.
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๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ธ ์…ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:24
There's nothing inherent about red that makes it long wavelength.
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์›๋ž˜๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํŒŒ์žฅ์ด ๊ธด ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋นจ๊ฐ„ ์ƒ‰์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ด์œ ๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:28
The point is that the nature of the model is governed by how it is to be used,
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์š”์ ์€ ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์ด ๊ทธ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€์— ์˜ํ•ด
์ขŒ์šฐ๋˜์ง€ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๋ฐฉ์‹๊ณผ๋Š” ์ƒ๊ด€์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:32
rather than by the sensory modality involved.
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13:37
J.B.S. Haldane himself had something to say about animals
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ํ™€๋ฐ์ธ๋„ ํ›„๊ฐ์ด ์ง€๋ฐฐํ•˜๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋™๋ฌผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ
13:40
whose world is dominated by smell.
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๋งํ•œ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:43
Dogs can distinguish two very similar fatty acids, extremely diluted:
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๋งค์šฐ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์‚ฐ์ธ ์นดํ”„๋ฆด์‚ฐ๊ณผ ์นดํ”„๋กœ์‚ฐ์„ ๊ทน๋„๋กœ ํฌ์„ํ•˜์—ฌ๋„
13:49
caprylic acid and caproic acid.
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๊ฐœ๋Š” ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:52
The only difference, you see,
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๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์œ ์ผํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ์›์ž ์—ฐ์‡„์— ํƒ„์†Œ ํ•œ ์Œ์ด
13:53
is that one has an extra pair of carbon atoms in the chain.
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๋” ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:56
Haldane guesses that a dog would probably be able to place the acids
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ํ™€๋ฐ์ธ์ด ์ถ”์ธกํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋Š” ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๋ƒ„์ƒˆ๋งŒ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ 
14:01
in the order of their molecular weights by their smells,
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๊ฐ์ข… ์‚ฐ์„ ๋ถ„์ž๋Ÿ‰์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ˆœ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋งค๊ธธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:04
just as a man could place a number of piano wires
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์ด๋Š” ๋งˆ์น˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์Œ์˜ ๋†’์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ํ”ผ์•„๋…ธ ์„ ์„
14:07
in the order of their lengths by means of their notes.
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๊ธธ์ด ์ˆœ์„œ๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์—ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:11
Now, there's another fatty acid, capric acid,
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์ด๊ฑด ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์‚ฐ์ธ ์นดํ”„๋ฅด์‚ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:15
which is just like the other two,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ง€๋งŒ
14:17
except that it has two more carbon atoms.
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ํƒ„์†Œ ์›์ž ๋‘ ๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ๋” ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:20
A dog that had never met capric acid would, perhaps,
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์นดํ”„๋ฅด์‚ฐ์˜ ๋ƒ„์ƒˆ๋ฅผ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ๋„ ๋งก์•„๋ณด์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฐœ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ• ์ง€๋ผ๋„
14:23
have no more trouble imagining its smell
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๊ทธ ๋ƒ„์ƒˆ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€ ์ƒ์ƒํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์•„๋ฌด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:26
than we would have trouble imagining a trumpet, say,
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์ด๋Š” ๋งˆ์น˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํŠธ๋ŸผํŽซ์˜ ์–ด๋–ค ์Œ์„ ๋“ค์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๊ทธ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ•œ ์Œ ๋†’์€
14:29
playing one note higher than we've heard a trumpet play before.
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์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ƒ์ƒํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์•„๋ฌด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:36
Perhaps dogs and rhinos and other smell-oriented animals smell in color.
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๊ฐœ์™€ ์ฝ”๋ฟ”์†Œ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์™ธ ๋ƒ„์ƒˆ ์œ„์ฃผ์˜ ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์€
์ด์ฒœ์—ฐ์ƒ‰์œผ๋กœ ๋ƒ„์ƒˆ๋ฅผ ๋งก๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ์ฃผ์žฅ์„
14:43
And the argument would be exactly the same as for the bats.
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๋ฐ•์ฅ์—๊ฒŒ๋„ ์ ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:48
Middle World -- the range of sizes and speeds
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง๊ด€์ ์œผ๋กœ ํŽธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋Š๋ผ๋„๋ก
14:51
which we have evolved to feel intuitively comfortable with --
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์ง„ํ™”ํ•œ ํฌ๊ธฐ์™€ ์†๋„์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์ค‘๊ฐ„ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋Š”
14:55
is a bit like the narrow range of the electromagnetic spectrum
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์ „์ž๊ธฐ ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ‰์œผ๋กœ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ๋น›์˜ ์˜์—ญ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
14:59
that we see as light of various colors.
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์ข๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:02
We're blind to all frequencies outside that,
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๊ทธ ๋ฒ”์œ„ ๋ฐ–์— ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ
15:04
unless we use instruments to help us.
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์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ํ•œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์žฅ๋‹˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:09
Middle World is the narrow range of reality
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์ค‘๊ฐ„ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋Š” ์‹ค์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ค‘ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ •์ƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ์ข์€ ์˜์—ญ์—
15:12
which we judge to be normal, as opposed to the queerness
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์ง€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ž‘๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ํฌ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋น ๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์˜
15:15
of the very small, the very large and the very fast.
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๊ธฐ๊ดดํ•œ ์ ๋“ค์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ฐฐ์ œํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
15:20
We could make a similar scale of improbabilities;
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์žˆ์„ ๋ฒ• ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ๋„ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์žฃ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:22
nothing is totally impossible.
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์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:25
Miracles are just events that are extremely improbable.
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๊ธฐ์ ์€ ๊ทธ์ € ๋ชน์‹œ ์žˆ์„ ๋ฒ• ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:29
A marble statue could wave its hand at us;
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๋Œ€๋ฆฌ์„์ƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์†์„ ํ”๋“ค์–ด์ค„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ . ๊ทธ์˜ ๊ฒฐ์ • ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ
15:32
the atoms that make up its crystalline structure
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์ด๋ฃจ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์›์ž๋“ค์€ ์–ด์ฐจํ”ผ ๋ชฝ๋•… ์•ž๋’ค๋กœ ์ง„๋™ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
15:34
are all vibrating back and forth anyway.
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15:37
Because there are so many of them,
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜๋„ ๋งŽ์€ ์›์ž๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ 
15:38
and because there's no agreement among them
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๊ทธ๋“ค๊ฐ„์— ์–ด๋Š ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ์›€์ง์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข‹์„์ง€
15:41
in their preferred direction of movement,
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์•ฝ์†์ด ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€๋ฆฌ์„์€
15:43
the marble, as we see it in Middle World, stays rock steady.
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์ค‘๊ฐ„ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๋ณด๋“ฏ ๋Œ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๊ตณ์–ด์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:47
But the atoms in the hand could all just happen to move
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์†์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์›์ž๋“ค์ด ์šฐ์—ฐํžˆ ํ•œ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ
15:49
the same way at the same time, and again and again.
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์›€์ง์ด๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:52
In this case, the hand would move,
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์†์€ ์›€์ง์ด๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ  ์ค‘๊ฐ„ ์„ธ๊ณ„์— ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์†์„ ํ”๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
15:54
and we'd see it waving at us in Middle World.
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๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌผ๋ก  ๊ทธ๋Ÿด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜๋„ ์ž‘์•„์„œ
15:57
The odds against it, of course, are so great
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16:00
that if you set out writing zeros at the time of the origin of the universe,
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์šฐ์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜๋Š” ๋‚ ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์†Œ์ˆ˜์  ์•„๋ž˜ 0์„ ์“ฐ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด๋„
์˜ค๋Š˜๊นŒ์ง€ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ๊ฐœ์ˆ˜์˜ 0์„ ์“ฐ์ง€
16:05
you still would not have written enough zeros to this day.
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๋ชปํ•˜์˜€์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:09
Evolution in Middle World has not equipped us
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16:12
to handle very improbable events; we don't live long enough.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ค‘๊ฐ„ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์ง„ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์— ๋ฌด์ฒ™ ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ๋ฒ• ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ผ์„
๋‹ค๋ฃจ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ต์ˆ™ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์‚ด์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
16:16
In the vastness of astronomical space and geological time,
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์šฐ์ฃผ ๊ณต๊ฐ„๊ณผ ์ง€์งˆํ•™์  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋Œ€ํ•จ ์†์—์„œ๋Š”
16:21
that which seems impossible in Middle World
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์ค‘๊ฐ„ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ด ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ์ผ์ด
16:24
might turn out to be inevitable.
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๋ถˆ๊ฐ€ํ”ผํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:28
One way to think about that is by counting planets.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด๋Š” ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ํ–‰์„ฑ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์„ธ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:31
We don't know how many planets there are in the universe,
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์šฐ์ฃผ์— ๋ช‡ ๊ฐœ์˜ ํ–‰์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง€๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋งŒ
16:34
but a good estimate is about 10 to the 20, or 100 billion billion.
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์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์˜ˆ์ธก์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์•ฝ 2000๊ฒฝ ๋‚ด์ง€ 1ํ•ด(์—ญ์ž์ฃผ: 1์•„๋ž˜๋กœ 0์ด 20๊ฐœ)๊ฐœ์ฏค ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:38
And that gives us a nice way to express our estimate of life's improbability.
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์ด ์ˆ˜์น˜๋Š” ์ƒ๋ช…์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šด๊ฐ€๋ฅผ
์–ด๋ฆผ์žก๋Š”๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:44
We could make some sort of landmark points along a spectrum of improbability,
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์žˆ์„ ์„ฑ ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š์Œ์˜ ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ผ์ข…์˜ ํ‘œ์ง€๋ฅผ ์„ธ์šธ ์ˆ˜
์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ํก์‚ฌ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณธ ์ž๊ธฐ์žฅ์˜
16:48
which might look like the electromagnetic spectrum we just looked at.
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์ŠคํŽจํŠธ๋Ÿผ๊ณผ ๋น„์Šทํ•ด ๋ณด์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:53
If life has arisen only once on any --
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๋งŒ์•ฝ์— ์ƒ๋ช…์ด ๋”ฑ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
16:57
life could originate once per planet, could be extremely common
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์ƒ๋ช…์€ ํ–‰์„ฑ๋งˆ๋‹ค ํ•œ๋ฒˆ์”ฉ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ฆ‰, ๊ทน๋‹จ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ”ํ•œ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ . ๋˜๋Š” ํ•ญ์„ฑ(์—ญ์ž์ฃผ: ํ•œ ํ•ญ์„ฑ์—๋Š” ๋Œ€๊ฐœ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐœ์˜ ํ–‰์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์Œ) ๋‹น ํ•œ๋ฒˆ์”ฉ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:03
or it could originate once per star
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17:05
or once per galaxy or maybe only once in the entire universe,
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๋˜๋Š” ์€ํ•˜๊ณ„ ๋‹น ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๋˜๋Š” ์ „์ฒด ์šฐ์ฃผ์—์„œ ๋”ฑ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด,
17:10
in which case it would have to be here.
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๋งŒ์•ฝ์— ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฑด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋ผ์•ผ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๊ธฐ ์œ„ ์–ด๋”˜๊ฐ€์—๋Š”
17:12
And somewhere up there would be the chance
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17:14
that a frog would turn into a prince,
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๊ฐœ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์™•์ž๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ์™€ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ๋งˆ์ˆ  ๊ฐ™์€ ์ผ์ด
17:16
and similar magical things like that.
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์ผ์–ด๋‚  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:20
If life has arisen on only one planet in the entire universe,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ „์ฒด ์šฐ์ฃผ์—์„œ ๋”ฑ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ํ–‰์„ฑ์—์„œ๋งŒ ์ƒ๋ช…์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
17:24
that planet has to be our planet, because here we are talking about it.
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๊ทธ ํ–‰์„ฑ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํ–‰์„ฑ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ–์— ์—†์ฃ . ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด, ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ์–˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
17:28
And that means that if we want to avail ourselves of it,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ธ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
17:30
we're allowed to postulate chemical events in the origin of life
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1ํ•ด๋ถ„์˜ 1์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋‚ฎ์€ ํ™•๋ฅ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์ƒ๋ช…์˜ ๊ธฐ์›์ด ๋˜๋Š” ํ™”ํ•™ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์„
17:34
which have a probability as low as one in 100 billion billion.
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๋‹น์—ฐํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์—ฌ๋„ ์ข‹๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:39
I don't think we shall have to avail ourselves of that,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ผญ ๊ทธ๋ž˜์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:41
because I suspect that life is quite common in the universe.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ƒ๋ช…์ด ์šฐ์ฃผ์—์„œ ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ํ”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:44
And when I say quite common, it could still be so rare
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ํ”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์–˜๊ธฐํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ทธ๋ž˜๋„ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋“œ๋ฌผ์–ด์„œ
17:47
that no one island of life ever encounters another,
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์ƒ๋ช…์„ ์ง€๋‹Œ ์–ด๋–ค ์„ฌ๋„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์„ฌ์„ ๋งŒ๋‚œ ์ ์ด ์—†์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ •๋„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:51
which is a sad thought.
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์Šฌํ”ˆ ์ผ์ด์ฃ .
17:54
How shall we interpret "queerer than we can suppose?"
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"์ƒ์ƒ์„ ์ดˆ์›”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ธฐ๊ดดํ•œ"์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ›์•„ ๋“ค์—ฌ์•ผ๋งŒ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
17:58
Queerer than can in principle be supposed,
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์›์น™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ์ƒ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๊ธฐ๊ดดํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”
18:00
or just queerer than we can suppose, given the limitations
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๊ทธ์ € ์ค‘๊ฐ„ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์ง„ํ™”์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ จ์„ ๊ฒช์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋‘๋‡Œ๊ฐ€ ํ•œ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฒ”์œ„์—์„œ
18:04
of our brain's evolutionary apprenticeship in Middle World?
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๊ธฐ๊ดดํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
18:09
Could we, by training and practice,
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ํ›ˆ๋ จ๊ณผ ์—ฐ์Šต์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์ค‘๊ฐ„ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ•ด๋ฐฉ๋˜์–ด
18:10
emancipate ourselves from Middle World
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์ˆ˜ํ•™์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋ฌผ๋ก ์ด๊ณ  ์ผ์ข…์˜ ์ง๊ด€์œผ๋กœ
18:13
and achieve some sort of intuitive as well as mathematical understanding
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๊ทนํžˆ ์ž‘์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ทนํžˆ ํฐ ๊ฒƒ์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜
18:17
of the very small and the very large?
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์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”? ์ €๋„ ์ •๋ง๋กœ ๋‹ต์„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:19
I genuinely don't know the answer.
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18:22
I wonder whether we might help ourselves to understand, say, quantum theory,
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๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์–‘์ž ์ด๋ก ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋ ์ง€ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:25
if we brought up children to play computer games
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์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ์•„์ฃผ ์–ด๋ ธ์„ ๋•Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๊ฒŒ์ž„์„ ํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ‚ค์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:29
beginning in early childhood,
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์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๊ฒŒ์ž„์—์„œ ๊ณต์ด ๋ง‰ ์œ„์˜ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์Šฌ๋ฆฟ(์—ญ์ž์ฃผ:๊ฐ€๋Š˜๊ณ  ๊ฐˆ๋ผ์ง„ ํ‹ˆ) ์–‘์ชฝ ๋ชจ๋‘๋กœ
18:30
which had a make-believe world of balls going through two slits on a screen,
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์ง€๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„(์—ญ์ž์ฃผ:์–‘์ž ์—ญํ•™์˜ ์ด์ค‘ ์Šฌ๋ฆฟ ์‹คํ—˜์€ ํŒŒ๋™์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ž…์ž์„ฑ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•จ)๋ฅผ
18:34
a world in which the strange goings-on of quantum mechanics were enlarged
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๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค๋˜ ์ง€ ํ•ด์„œ ์–‘์ž ์—ญํ•™์˜ ์ด์ƒํ•œ ํ–‰์‹ค์„ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋กœ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ
๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ๋ฏฟ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์„œ
18:38
by the computer's make-believe,
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18:40
so that they became familiar on the Middle-World scale of the stream.
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์ค‘๊ฐ„ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์— ์ต์ˆ™ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ.
18:44
And similarly, a relativistic computer game,
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๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์‹์œผ๋กœ, ์ƒ๋Œ€๋ก ์  ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๊ฒŒ์ž„์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์„œ
18:46
in which objects on the screen manifest the Lorentz contraction, and so on,
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ํ™”๋ฉด์ƒ์˜ ๋ฌผ์ฒด๋“ค์ด ๋กœ๋ Œ์ธ  ์ˆ˜์ถ•(์—ญ์ž์ฃผ: ์ด๋™์ค‘์ธ ๋ฌผ์ฒด์˜ ๊ธธ์ด๊ฐ€ ์ค„์–ด๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ ํ˜„์ƒ)์„
18:52
to try to get ourselves -- to get children into the way of thinking about it.
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๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ด๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ํ˜„์ƒ์„
์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ํ„ฐ๋“ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–จ๋Š”์ง€.
18:57
I want to end by applying the idea of Middle World
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์„œ๋กœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ดํ•ด์— ์ค‘๊ฐ„ ์„ธ๊ณ„
19:01
to our perceptions of each other.
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๊ฐœ๋…์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์–˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์น ๊นŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:03
Most scientists today subscribe to a mechanistic view of the mind:
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋Š” ๋งˆ์Œ์„ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋ก ์˜ ๊ด€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋Š”๋ฐ ๋™์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:08
we're the way we are because our brains are wired up as they are,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Ÿฌ์ €๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋‡Œ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋„๋ก ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค
19:11
our hormones are the way they are.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ˜ธ๋ฅด๋ชฌ์ด ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋˜์–ด์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค๋ผ๋Š” ์‹์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด์ฃ .
19:13
We'd be different, our characters would be different,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ์˜ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๊ตฌ์กฐ์™€ ์ƒํ™”ํ•™์ด ๋‹ฌ๋ž๋”๋ผ๋ฉด
19:15
if our neuro-anatomy and our physiological chemistry were different.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ๊ณผ ๋‹ฌ๋ž์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํŠน์ง•๋„ ๋‹ค๋ฅผ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
19:19
But we scientists are inconsistent.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ์ผ๊ด€์„ฑ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งŒ์•ฝ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ผ๊ด€์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
19:22
If we were consistent,
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19:23
our response to a misbehaving person, like a child-murderer,
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์œ ์•„ ์‚ดํ•ด๋ฒ”๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‚˜์œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘์€
19:27
should be something like:
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹์ด๋ผ์•ผ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ . ์ด ๊ฐœ์ฒด์—๋Š” ๊ณ ์žฅ๋‚œ ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ์ด ๋“ค์—ˆ๊ตฐ.
19:28
this unit has a faulty component; it needs repairing.
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์ˆ˜๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ•ด์•ผ๊ฒ ์–ด. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ์ง€ ์•Š์ฃ .
19:31
That's not what we say.
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19:33
What we say -- and I include the most austerely mechanistic among us,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” - ์ €์™€ ์ด ์ค‘์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์—„๊ฒฉํžˆ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋ก ์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ
19:37
which is probably me --
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์•„๋งˆ ์ €๊ฒ ๋„ค์š”
19:38
what we say is, "Vile monster, prison is too good for you."
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜์ฃ . "๋ชธ์„œ๋ฆฌ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ดด๋ฌผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋†ˆ, ๊ฐ์˜ฅ๋„ ๋„ค๋†ˆ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ณผ๋ถ„ํ•˜๋‹ค."
19:42
Or worse, we seek revenge, in all probability thereby triggering
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด๋Š” ๋ณต์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊พ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์ฃ . ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—
19:46
the next phase in an escalating cycle of counter-revenge,
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๋ณต์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ณต์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋‚ณ๋Š” ์•…์ˆœํ™˜์˜ ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋Š์ด์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:49
which we see, of course, all over the world today.
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๋ฒŒ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์ด์ฃ .
19:52
In short, when we're thinking like academics,
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์š”์ปจ๋Œ€, ํ•™์ˆ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ๋•Œ์—๋Š”,
19:54
we regard people as elaborate and complicated machines,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋‚˜ ์ž๋™์ฐจ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ •๊ตํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ณต์žกํ•œ
19:58
like computers or cars.
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๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ณด์ง€๋งŒ, ์ธ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ๋˜๋Œ์•„ ์™€์„œ๋Š”
20:00
But when we revert to being human,
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20:02
we behave more like Basil Fawlty, who, we remember,
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๋ฐฐ์ฆ ํŽ„ํ‹ฐ(์—ญ์ž์ฃผ: ์˜๊ตญ์˜ ์‹œํŠธ์ฝค ํŽ„ํ‹ฐ ํƒ€์›Œ์˜ ์ฃผ์ธ๊ณต)์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํ–‰๋™ํ•˜์ฃ . ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹œ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ
20:06
thrashed his car to teach it a lesson,
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"์‹๋„๋ฝ๊ฐ€์˜ ๋ฐค" ์—ํ”ผ์†Œ๋“œ์—์„œ ์ž๋™์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ๋™์ด ์•ˆ ๊ฑธ๋ฆฐ๋‹ค๊ณ 
20:08
when it wouldn't start on "Gourmet Night."
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๊ฐ€๋ฅด์นœ๋‹ต์‹œ๊ณ  ์ž๋™์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ๊ตฌ ๋•Œ๋ฆฌ์ฃ . (์›ƒ์Œ)
20:10
(Laughter)
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20:12
The reason we personify things like cars and computers
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์ž๋™์ฐจ๋‚˜ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์„ ์˜์ธํ™” ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š”
20:16
is that just as monkeys live in an arboreal world
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์›์ˆญ์ด๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ฌด ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ 
20:19
and moles live in an underground world
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๋‘๋”์ง€๋Š” ์ง€ํ•˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ 
20:22
and water striders live in a surface tension-dominated flatland,
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์†Œ๊ธˆ์Ÿ์ด๋Š” ํ‘œ๋ฉด ์žฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์ง€๋ฐฐํ•˜๋Š” 2์ฐจ์› ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ 
20:26
we live in a social world.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ค‘๊ฐ„ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ ํŒ์ธ
20:28
We swim through a sea of people --
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20:30
a social version of Middle World.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค์—์„œ ํ—ค์—„์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:33
We are evolved to second-guess the behavior of others
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ช…์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ง๊ด€์ ์ธ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•™์ž๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ด์˜ ํ–‰๋™์„
20:37
by becoming brilliant, intuitive psychologists.
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์ถ”์ธกํ•˜๋„๋ก ์ง„ํ™”ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:41
Treating people as machines
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋กœ ๋Œ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
20:42
may be scientifically and philosophically accurate,
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๊ณผํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ๋‚˜ ์ฒ ํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ •ํ™•ํ•  ์ง€๋Š” ๋ชฐ๋ผ๋„,
20:46
but it's a cumbersome waste of time
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์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋‹ค์Œ์— ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ง“์„ ํ• ์ง€ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์—๋Š”
20:48
if you want to guess what this person is going to do next.
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๊ทธ์ € ์„ฑ๊ฐ€์‹  ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋‚ญ๋น„์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:52
The economically useful way to model a person
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€
20:55
is to treat him as a purposeful, goal-seeking agent
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๊ทธ๋ฅผ ๋ชฉ์ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋ชฉํ‘œ ์ง€ํ–ฅ์ ์ธ ํ–‰์œ„์ž๋กœ ์ทจ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:58
with pleasures and pains, desires and intentions,
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์ฆ๊ฑฐ์›€๊ณผ ๊ณ ํ†ต, ์š•๋ง๊ณผ ์˜๋„,
21:01
guilt, blame-worthiness.
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์ฃ„, ๋น„๋‚œํ•  ๋งŒํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์กด์žฌ๋กœ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
21:03
Personification and the imputing of intentional purpose
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์˜์ธํ™”๋‚˜ ์˜๋„์  ๋ชฉ์ ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
21:07
is such a brilliantly successful way to model humans,
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์ธ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜๋„ ๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
21:11
it's hardly surprising the same modeling software
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์ด ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด ์ ์ ˆํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฐœ์ฒด๋ฅผ
21:14
often seizes control when we're trying to think about entities
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๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋ ค ํ•  ๋•Œ์—๋„ ์žฅ์•…์„ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:18
for which it's not appropriate, like Basil Fawlty with his car
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๋ฐฐ์ฆ ํŽ„ํ‹ฐ๊ฐ€ ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฃฐ ๋•Œ๋ผ๋˜์ง€
21:21
or like millions of deluded people, with the universe as a whole.
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์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋Œ€์šฐ์ฃผ๋ผ๋Š” ๋ง์ƒ์— ์‚ฌ๋กœ ์žกํžŒ๋‹ค๋˜ ์ง€ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ์š”. (์›ƒ์Œ)
21:26
(Laughter)
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21:29
If the universe is queerer than we can suppose,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์šฐ์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๊ดดํ•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด,
21:32
is it just because we've been naturally selected
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹จ์ง€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ™์ ์„ธ(์—ญ์ž์ฃผ:1๋ฐฑ80๋งŒ๋…„ ์ „~1๋งŒ๋…„์ „์˜ ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋กœ ์ธ๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ์‹œ๊ธฐ)์˜ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์—์„œ
21:34
to suppose only what we needed to suppose
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์‚ด์•„๋‚จ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ์„ ์ƒ์ƒํ•˜๋„๋ก
21:37
in order to survive in the Pleistocene of Africa?
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์ž์—ฐ ์„ ํƒ์„ ๊ฑฐ์ณค๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด ์•„๋‹๊นŒ์š”?
21:40
Or are our brains so versatile and expandable that we can train ourselves
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ํ˜น์‹œ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋‘๋‡Œ๋Š” ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜๋„ ์œตํ†ต์„ฑ ์žˆ๊ณ  ํ™•์žฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์„œ
ํ›ˆ๋ จ์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ง„ํ™”์˜ ํ…Œ๋‘๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์ˆ˜๊ณ  ๋‚˜๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
21:46
to break out of the box of our evolution?
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21:49
Or finally, are there some things in the universe so queer
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋ฉด, ์šฐ์ฃผ์—๋Š” ๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜๋„ ๊ธฐ๊ดดํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์„œ
21:54
that no philosophy of beings, however godlike, could dream them?
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์–ด๋–ค ์กด์žฌ ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด๋Š” ์‹ ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์กด์žฌ์˜ ์ฒ ํ•™์œผ๋กœ๋„ ๊ฟˆ์กฐ์ฐจ ๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
22:00
Thank you very much.
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22:01
(Applause)
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๋Œ€๋‹จํžˆ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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