3 ways the brain creates meaning | Tom Wujec

119,888 views ใƒป 2009-07-07

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Avihu Turzion ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:12
Last year at TED we aimed to try to clarify
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ื‘ืฉื ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื” ื‘ื˜ื“ ื ื™ืกื™ื ื• ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ
00:16
the overwhelming complexity
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ืืช ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื”
00:18
and richness that we experience at the conference
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ื•ื”ืขื•ืฉืจ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื•ื•ื™ื ื‘ื›ื ืก
00:21
in a project called Big Viz.
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ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืฉื ืงืจื ื”ื‘ื™ื’ ื•ื™ื–.
00:23
And the Big Viz is a collection of 650 sketches
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ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื’ ื•ื™ื– ื”ื•ื ืื•ืกืฃ ืฉืœ 650 ืจื™ืฉื•ืžื™ื
00:26
that were made by two visual artists.
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ืฉื ืขืฉื• ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื ื™ ืืžื ื™ื ื—ื–ื•ืชื™ื™ื.
00:28
David Sibbet from The Grove,
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ื“ื™ื™ื•ื™ื“ ืกื™ื‘ื˜ ืžื“ื”-ื’ืจื•ื‘,
00:30
and Kevin Richards, from Autodesk,
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ื•ืงื•ื•ื™ืŸ ืจื™ืฆ'ืืจื“ืก ืžืื•ื˜ื•ื“ืกืง
00:32
made 650 sketches that strive to capture
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ื”ื›ื™ื ื• 650 ืชืจืฉื™ืžื™ื ืฉืฉืืคื• ืœืœื›ื•ื“
00:35
the essence of each presenter's ideas.
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ืืช ืžื”ื•ืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืžืฆื™ื’.
00:39
And the consensus was: it really worked.
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ื•ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ืกื›ืžื” ื›ืœืœื™ืช, ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืช ืขื‘ื“.
00:41
These sketches brought to life the key ideas,
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ื”ืชืจืฉื™ืžื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืœื—ื™ื™ื ืืช ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืคืชื—,
00:45
the portraits, the magic moments
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ืืช ื”ื“ื™ื•ืงื ื•ืช, ืืช ืจื’ืขื™ ื”ืงืกื
00:47
that we all experienced last year.
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ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื• ื—ื•ื•ื™ื ื• ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ื”.
00:49
This year we were thinking, "Why does it work?"
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ื”ืฉื ื” ื—ืฉื‘ื ื•, "ืœืžื” ื–ื” ืขื•ื‘ื“?"
00:52
What is it about animation,
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ืžื” ื™ืฉ ื‘ืื ื™ืžืฆื™ื”,
00:54
graphics, illustrations, that create meaning?
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ื’ืจืคื™ืงื”, ืื™ืœื•ืกื˜ืจืฆื™ื”, ืฉื™ื•ืฆืจ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช?
00:57
And this is an important question to ask and answer
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ื•ื–ื• ืฉืืœื” ืฉื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืฉืื•ืœ ื•ืœืขื ื•ืช ืขืœื™ื”.
01:00
because the more we understand how the brain creates meaning,
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ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื›ื›ืœ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ืžื•ื— ื™ื•ืฆืจ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช,
01:03
the better we can communicate,
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ื›ื›ื” ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืชืงืฉืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
01:05
and, I also think, the better we can think and collaborate together.
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ื•ืื ื™ ื’ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื›ื›ื” ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืœืฉืชืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื—ื“.
01:08
So this year we're going to visualize how
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ืื– ื”ืฉื ื” ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ื—ื–ื•ืชื™ืช ื›ื™ืฆื“
01:10
the brain visualizes.
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ื”ืžื•ื— ื™ื•ืฆืจ ื”ื‘ื ื” ื—ื–ื•ืชื™ืช.
01:12
Cognitive psychologists now tell us that the brain
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ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื ืงื•ื’ื ื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืœื ื• ืฉื”ืžื•ื—
01:14
doesn't actually see the world as it is,
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ืœื ืจื•ืื” ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื•ื,
01:17
but instead, creates a series of mental models
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ืืœื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื–ืืช, ื™ื•ืฆืจ ืกื“ืจื” ืฉืœ ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ืฉื›ืœื™ื™ื
01:20
through a collection of "Ah-ha moments,"
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ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืื•ืกืฃ ืฉืœ "ืจื’ืขื™ ืื”-ื”ื,"
01:22
or moments of discovery, through various processes.
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ืื• ืจื’ืขื™ื ืฉืœ ื’ื™ืœื•ื™, ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื.
01:24
The processing, of course, begins with the eyes.
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ื”ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื.
01:27
Light enters, hits the back of the retina, and is circulated,
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ื”ืื•ืจ ื ื›ื ืก, ืคื•ื’ืข ื‘ื’ื‘ ื”ืจืฉืชื™ืช, ื•ืžื•ืคืฅ,
01:30
most of which is streamed to the very back of the brain,
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ืจื•ื‘ื• ืžื•ื–ืจื ืžืžืฉ ืœื—ืœืงื• ื”ืื—ื•ืจื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื—,
01:33
at the primary visual cortex.
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ื‘ืงืœื™ืคื” ื”ื—ื–ื•ืชื™ืช ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ืช.
01:35
And primary visual cortex sees just simple geometry,
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ื•ื”ืงืœื™ืคื” ื”ื—ื–ื•ืชื™ืช ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ืช ืจื•ืื” ื‘ืกื”"ื› ืจืง ื’ื™ืื•ืžื˜ืจื™ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ื”,
01:38
just the simplest of shapes.
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ืจืง ืืช ื”ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืคืฉื•ื˜ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
01:40
But it also acts like a kind of relay station
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ืืš ื”ื™ื ืคื•ืขืœืช ื’ื ื›ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืชื—ื ืช ืžืžืกืจ
01:43
that re-radiates and redirects information
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ืฉืžืงืจื™ื ื” ื•ืžื ืชื‘ืช ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข
01:45
to many other parts of the brain.
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ืœื—ืœืงื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื•ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื—.
01:48
As many as 30 other parts that selectively make more sense,
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ืขื“ ื›-30 ื—ืœืงื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ืจืจื ื™ ืžื—ืœืฆื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื™ื“ืข,
01:51
create more meaning through the kind of "Ah-ha" experiences.
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ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื ื™ืกื™ื•ื ื•ืช "ืื”-ื”ื."
01:54
We're only going to talk about three of them.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืจืง ืขืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืžื”ื.
01:56
So the first one is called the ventral stream.
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ืื– ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื ืงืจื ื”ื–ืจื ื”ื’ื—ื•ื ื™.
01:59
It's on this side of the brain.
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ื”ื•ื ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืฆื“ ื”ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื—.
02:01
And this is the part of the brain that will recognize what something is.
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ื—ืœืง ื‘ืžื•ื— ืฉื™ื–ื”ื” ืžื”ื• ืžืฉื”ื•.
02:05
It's the "what" detector.
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ื–ื” ื’ืœืื™ "ื”ืžื”?"
02:07
Look at a hand. Look at a remote control. Chair. Book.
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ืชืกืชื›ืœื• ืขืœ ื™ื“. ืชืกืชื›ืœื• ืขืœ ืฉืœื˜ ืจื—ื•ืง. ื›ื™ืกื. ืกืคืจ.
02:11
So that's the part of the brain that is activated
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ืื– ื–ื” ื”ื—ืœืง ืฉืžื•ืคืขืœ ื‘ืžื•ื—
02:14
when you give a word to something.
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ื›ืฉื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืœืžืฉื”ื• ืžื™ืœื”.
02:16
A second part of the brain is called the dorsal stream.
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ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืฉื ื™ ื‘ืžื•ื— ื ืงืจื ื”ื–ืจื ื”ื’ื‘ื™.
02:19
And what it does is locates the object
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ื•ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืขื•ืฉื” ื”ื•ื ืœืืชืจ ืืช ื”ื—ืคืฅ
02:22
in physical body space.
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ื‘ืžืจื—ื‘ ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืคื™ื–ื™.
02:25
So if you look around the stage here
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ืื– ืื ืชืกืชื›ืœื• ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ื‘ืžื” ื›ืืŸ
02:27
you'll create a kind of mental map of the stage.
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ืืชื ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืžืขื™ืŸ ืžืคื” ืฉื›ืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืžื”.
02:30
And if you closed your eyes you'd be able to mentally navigate it.
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ื•ืื ืชืขืฆืžื• ืืช ืขื™ื ื™ื›ื ืืชื ืชื•ื›ืœื™ื ืœื ื•ื•ื˜ ื‘ื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืฉื›ืœื™ื›ื.
02:33
You'd be activating the dorsal stream if you did that.
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ืืชื ืชื ื•ื•ื˜ื• ื‘ื–ืจื ื”ื’ื‘ื™ ืื ืชืขืฉื• ื–ืืช.
02:36
The third part that I'd like to talk about
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ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ืฉื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื™ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœื™ื•
02:38
is the limbic system.
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ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืœื™ืžื‘ื™ืช.
02:40
And this is deep inside of the brain. It's very old, evolutionarily.
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ื•ื”ื™ื ื ืžืฆืืช ืขืžื•ืง ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืžื•ื—. ื”ื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ืขืชื™ืงื”, ืื‘ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ืช.
02:43
And it's the part that feels.
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ื—ืœืง ืฉืžืจื’ื™ืฉ.
02:45
It's the kind of gut center, where you see an image
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ื–ื” ืžืขื™ืŸ ื”ืžืจื›ื– ืœืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื‘ื˜ืŸ, ืฉื‘ื• ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืชืžื•ื ื”
02:47
and you go, "Oh! I have a strong
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ื•ืืชื ืื•ืžืจื™ื, "ืื”! ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืชื’ื•ื‘ื”
02:49
or emotional reaction to whatever I'm seeing."
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ื—ื–ืงื” ืื• ืจื’ืฉื™ืช ืœืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืื”."
02:53
So the combination of these processing centers
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ืื– ื”ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื”ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ืืœื”
02:56
help us make meaning in very different ways.
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ืขื•ื–ืจ ืœื ื• ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ืฉื•ื ื•ืช.
03:00
So what can we learn about this? How can we apply this insight?
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ืื– ืžื” ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื–ื”? ืื™ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื™ื™ืฉื ืืช ื”ืชื•ื‘ื ื•ืช ื”ืืœื”?
03:03
Well, again, the schematic view
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ืื–, ืฉื•ื‘, ืชืฆื•ื’ืช ื”ืชืจืฉื™ื ื”ื™ื
03:05
is that the eye visually interrogates what we look at.
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ืฉื”ืขื™ืŸ ื—ื•ืงืจืช ื—ื–ื•ืชื™ืช ืืช ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืขืœื™ื•.
03:08
The brain processes this in parallel, the figments of information
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ื”ืžื•ื— ืžืขื‘ื“ ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ื‘ื—ืœืงื™ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื,
03:11
asking a whole bunch of questions
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ืฉื•ืืœ ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ืฉืืœื•ืช
03:13
to create a unified mental model.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžื•ื“ืœ ืฉื›ืœื™ ืื—ื™ื“.
03:15
So, for example, when you look at this image
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ืื–, ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ื›ืฉืืชื ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ื–ื•
03:18
a good graphic invites the eye to dart around,
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ืชืจืฉื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžื–ืžื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืขื™ืŸ ืœื–ื ืง ืกื‘ื™ื‘,
03:21
to selectively create a visual logic.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื‘ืจืจื ื™ืช ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ื—ื–ื•ืชื™.
03:23
So the act of engaging, and looking at the image creates the meaning.
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ืื– ืคืขื•ืœืช ื”ื”ืชืขืจื‘ื•ืช, ื•ื”ืกืชื›ืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ื™ื•ืฆืจืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช.
03:28
It's the selective logic.
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ื–ื” ื”ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ืจืจื ื™.
03:30
Now we've augmented this and spatialized this information.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ื˜ืžืขื ื• ืืช ื–ื” ื•ืฆืžืฆืžื ื• ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข.
03:33
Many of you may remember the magic wall that we built
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ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื›ื ืื•ืœื™ ื–ื•ื›ืจื™ื ืืช ืงื™ืจ ื”ืงืกื ืฉื‘ื ื™ื ื•
03:36
in conjunction with Perceptive Pixel
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ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ืคืจืกืคื˜ื™ื‘ ืคื™ืงืกืœ
03:38
where we quite literally create an infinite wall.
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ืฉื ื™ืฆืจื ื• ื›ืžืขื˜ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืฉืžืขื™ ืงื™ืจ ืื™ื ืกื•ืคื™.
03:41
And so we can compare and contrast the big ideas.
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ื•ื›ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉื•ื•ืช ื•ืœื ื’ื“ ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื.
03:43
So the act of engaging and creating interactive imagery
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ืื– ืคืขื•ืœืช ื”ื”ืชืขืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช
03:46
enriches meaning.
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ืžืขืฉื™ืจื” ืืช ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช.
03:48
It activates a different part of the brain.
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ื–ื” ืžืคืขื™ืœ ื—ืœืง ืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ืžื•ื—.
03:51
And then the limbic system
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ื•ืื– ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืœื™ืžื‘ื™ืช
03:53
is activated when we see motion, when we see color,
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ืžื•ืคืขืœืช ื›ืืฉืจ ืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืชื ื•ืขื”, ื›ืืฉืจ ืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืฆื‘ืข.
03:56
and there are primary shapes and pattern detectors
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ืขื™ืงืจื™ื•ืช ื•ื’ืœืื™ ื“ืคื•ืกื™ื
03:59
that we've heard about before.
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ืฉืฉืžืขื ื• ืขืœื™ื”ื ื‘ืขื‘ืจ.
04:01
So the point of this is what?
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ืื– ืžื” ื”ืคื•ืื ื˜ื” ืฉืœ ื–ื”?
04:03
We make meaning by seeing,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืจืื™ื™ื”,
04:06
by an act of visual interrogation.
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ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื—ืงื™ืจื” ื—ื–ื•ืชื™ืช.
04:08
The lessons for us are three-fold.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืคื™ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืงื—ื™ื.
04:10
First, use images to clarify what we're trying to communicate.
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ืจืืฉื™ืช, ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื”ื™ืจ ืžื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื ืกื™ื ืœืชืงืฉืจ.
04:14
Secondly make those images interactive
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ืฉื ื™ืช, ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ืœืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช
04:17
so that we engage much more fully.
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ื›ืš ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืชืขืจื‘ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืœืื”.
04:19
And the third is to augment memory
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ื•ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช, ื”ื˜ืžืขืช ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ
04:21
by creating a visual persistence.
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ืข"ื™ ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื”ืชืžื“ื” ื—ื–ื•ืชื™ืช.
04:23
These are techniques that can be used to be --
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ืืœื• ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงื•ืช ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœืฉืžืฉ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช --
04:26
that can be applied in a wide range of problem solving.
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ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื™ื™ืฉื ื‘ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืจื—ื‘ ืฉืœ ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช.
04:30
So the low-tech version looks like this.
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ื›ืš ืฉื”ื’ืจืกื” ื”ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ื ืจืื™ืช ื›ืš.
04:32
And, by the way, this is the way in which
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ื•ื“ืจืš ืื’ื‘, ื–ื• ื”ื“ืจืš ื‘ื”
04:34
we develop and formulate
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืคืชื—ื™ื ื•ืžื ืกื—ื™ื
04:36
strategy within Autodesk,
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ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ื˜ื•ื“ืกืง,
04:38
in some of our organizations and some of our divisions.
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ื‘ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื•ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžื—ืœืงื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
04:41
What we literally do is have the teams
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ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื”ื•ื ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ื”ืฆื•ื•ืชื™ื
04:43
draw out the entire strategic plan
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ืฉื™ืฉืจื˜ื˜ื• ืืช ื›ืœ ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ืคืขื•ืœื”
04:46
on one giant wall.
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ืขืœ ืงื™ืจ ืื—ื“ ืขื ืง.
04:48
And it's very powerful because everyone gets to see everything else.
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ื•ื–ื” ื—ื–ืง ืžืื•ื“ ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื›ื•ืœื ื™ื•ืฆื ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืฉืืจ.
04:52
There's always a room, always a place
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ืชืžื™ื“ ื™ืฉ ืžืงื•ื
04:54
to be able to make sense of all of the components
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ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื
04:57
in the strategic plan.
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ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ืช.
04:59
This is a time-lapse view of it.
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ื–ื• ืชืฆื•ื’ื” ืžื”ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ืื™ืš ืฉื–ื” ื ืจืื”.
05:02
You can ask the question, "Who's the boss?"
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉืื•ืœ, "ืžื™ ื”ื‘ื•ืก?"
05:04
You'll be able to figure that out. (Laughter)
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ืืชื ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื–ืืช ื‘ืขืฆืžื›ื.
05:12
So the act of collectively and collaboratively
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ืื– ื”ืžืขืฉื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืชืžื•ื ื”
05:15
building the image
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ื™ื—ื“ื™ื• ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื”
05:17
transforms the collaboration.
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ืžืฉื ื” ืืช ืฆื•ืจืช ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื”ืคืขื•ืœื”.
05:20
No Powerpoint is used in two days.
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ืœื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืคืื•ืืจ-ืคื•ื™ื ื˜ ื‘ืžืฉืš ื™ื•ืžื™ื™ื.
05:22
But instead the entire team
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ื•ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื–ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช
05:24
creates a shared mental model
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ื™ื•ืฆืจ ืžื•ื“ืœ ืฉื›ืœื™ ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ
05:26
that they can all agree on and move forward on.
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ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืกื›ื™ื ืขืœื™ื• ื•ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืœืื”.
05:29
And this can be enhanced and augmented with
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ื•ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืฉืคืจ ื•ืœื”ื˜ืžื™ืข ื–ืืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช
05:31
some emerging digital technology.
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ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ื•ืช ืฉืฆืฆื•ืช.
05:34
And this is our great unveiling for today.
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ื•ื–ื• ื”ืกืจืช ื”ืœื•ื˜ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืฉืœื ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ื.
05:37
And this is an emerging set of technologies
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ื•ื–ื”ื• ืกื˜ ืฆื•ืžื— ืฉืœ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช
05:39
that use large-screen displays
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ืฉืžืฉืชืžืฉื•ืช ื‘ืžืกื›ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื
05:42
with intelligent calculation in the background
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ืขื ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืื™ื ื˜ื™ืœื™ื’ื ื˜ื™ื™ื ื‘ืจืงืข
05:45
to make the invisible visible.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ื‘ืœืชื™-ื ืจืื” ืœื ืจืื”.
05:47
Here what we can do is look at sustainability, quite literally.
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ื›ืืŸ ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ื”ืžืฉื›ื™ื•ืช, ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืžืฉ ืžื™ืœื•ืœื™.
05:50
So a team can actually look at
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ืื– ืฆื•ื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืžืžืฉ ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ
05:53
all the key components that heat the structure
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ื›ืœ ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ ื”ืžืคืชื— ืฉืžื—ืžืžื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื‘ื ื”
05:56
and make choices and then see the end result
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ื•ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื•ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ืกื•ืคื™ื•ืช
05:58
that is visualized on this screen.
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ืฉืžื•ืฆื’ืช ืขืœ ื”ืžืกืš ื”ื–ื”.
06:01
So making images meaningful has three components.
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ืื– ื™ืฉ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืฉื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืชืžื•ื ื” ื‘ืขืœืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช.
06:04
The first again, is making ideas clear by visualizing them.
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ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ืฉื•ื‘, ื”ื•ื ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืจื•ืจื™ื ืข"ื™ ื”ืžื—ืฉืชื.
06:07
Secondly, making them interactive.
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ืฉื ื™ืช, ื”ืคื™ื›ืชื ืœืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื™ื.
06:09
And then thirdly, making them persistent.
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ื•ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช, ื”ืคื™ื›ืชื ืœืžืชืžื™ื“ื™ื.
06:11
And I believe that these three principles
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื™ื™ืฉื ืืช ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื”ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืืœื”
06:13
can be applied to solving some of the very tough problems
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืคืชื•ืจ ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ืงืฉื•ืช ืžืื•ื“
06:17
that we face in the world today. Thanks so much.
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ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืื™ืชืŸ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื™ื•ื. ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”.
06:19
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7