3 ways the brain creates meaning | Tom Wujec

119,719 views ・ 2009-07-07

TED


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Prevoditelj: Tilen Pigac - EFZG Recezent: Mislav Ante Omazić - EFZG
00:12
Last year at TED we aimed to try to clarify
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Prošle godine na TED-u nam je bio cilj pokušati pojasniti
00:16
the overwhelming complexity
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nadmoćnu kompleksnost
00:18
and richness that we experience at the conference
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i bogatstvo koje iskusimo na konferenciji
00:21
in a project called Big Viz.
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kroz projekt zvan Big Viz.
00:23
And the Big Viz is a collection of 650 sketches
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Big Viz je zbirka od 650 skica
00:26
that were made by two visual artists.
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koje su izradila dva likovna umjetnika.
00:28
David Sibbet from The Grove,
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David Sibbet iz The Grove-a,
00:30
and Kevin Richards, from Autodesk,
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i Kevin Richards iz Autodesk-a
00:32
made 650 sketches that strive to capture
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su izradili 650 skica kojima je cilj uloviti
00:35
the essence of each presenter's ideas.
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srž ideja svakog od govornika.
00:39
And the consensus was: it really worked.
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I konsenzusom je utvrđeno da doista funkcionira.
00:41
These sketches brought to life the key ideas,
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Te skice su oživjele ključne ideje,
00:45
the portraits, the magic moments
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portrete, čarobne trenutke
00:47
that we all experienced last year.
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koje smo svi mi iskusili prošle godine.
00:49
This year we were thinking, "Why does it work?"
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Ove godine smo razmišljali, "Zašto to funkcionira?"
00:52
What is it about animation,
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Što je to u animaciji,
00:54
graphics, illustrations, that create meaning?
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grafici, ilustracijama, što stvara značenje?
00:57
And this is an important question to ask and answer
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A to je važno pitanje koje moramo postaviti i odgovoriti
01:00
because the more we understand how the brain creates meaning,
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jer što više razumijemo kako mozak stvara značenje,
01:03
the better we can communicate,
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to bolje možemo komunicirati,
01:05
and, I also think, the better we can think and collaborate together.
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i, isto tako mislim, možemo bolje razmišljati i surađivati zajedno.
01:08
So this year we're going to visualize how
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Stoga ćemo ove godine vizualizirati onako kako
01:10
the brain visualizes.
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mozak vizualizira.
01:12
Cognitive psychologists now tell us that the brain
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Kognitivni psiholozi nam govore kako mozak
01:14
doesn't actually see the world as it is,
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ne vidi svijet onakvim kakav jest,
01:17
but instead, creates a series of mental models
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već umjesto, stvara niz mentalnih modela
01:20
through a collection of "Ah-ha moments,"
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kroz zbirku "Ah-ha trenutaka,"
01:22
or moments of discovery, through various processes.
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ili spoznajnih trenutaka, kroz različite procese.
01:24
The processing, of course, begins with the eyes.
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Procesuiranje, naravno, počinje od očiju.
01:27
Light enters, hits the back of the retina, and is circulated,
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Svjetlo uđe, udari u stražnji dio mrežnice, i kruži,
01:30
most of which is streamed to the very back of the brain,
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od čega je veći dio usmjeren u stražnji dio mozga,
01:33
at the primary visual cortex.
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u primarni vizualni korteks.
01:35
And primary visual cortex sees just simple geometry,
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A primarni vizualni korteks vidi samo jednostavnu geometriju,
01:38
just the simplest of shapes.
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samo najjednostavnije oblike.
01:40
But it also acts like a kind of relay station
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Ali isto tako djeluje kao relejna stanica
01:43
that re-radiates and redirects information
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koja ponovno ozračuje i preusmjerava informaciju
01:45
to many other parts of the brain.
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u mnoge druge dijelove mozga.
01:48
As many as 30 other parts that selectively make more sense,
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Ukupno do 30 drugih dijelova mozga koji selektivno čine više smisla,
01:51
create more meaning through the kind of "Ah-ha" experiences.
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stvaraju više značenja kroz neku vrstu "Ah-ha" iskustva.
01:54
We're only going to talk about three of them.
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Govorit ćemo o samo njih tri.
01:56
So the first one is called the ventral stream.
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Prvi je trbušni tok.
01:59
It's on this side of the brain.
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On je na ovoj strani mozga.
02:01
And this is the part of the brain that will recognize what something is.
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A to je dio mozga koji će prepoznati što je što.
02:05
It's the "what" detector.
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To je "što" detektor.
02:07
Look at a hand. Look at a remote control. Chair. Book.
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Pogledajte ruku. Pogledajte daljinski upravljač. Stolac. Knjiga.
02:11
So that's the part of the brain that is activated
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Dakle, to je dio mozga koji se aktivira
02:14
when you give a word to something.
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kada nečemu pridajete riječ.
02:16
A second part of the brain is called the dorsal stream.
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Drugi dio mozga je leđni tok.
02:19
And what it does is locates the object
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A ono što on radi jest da locira objekt
02:22
in physical body space.
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u fizičkom prostoru tijela.
02:25
So if you look around the stage here
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Ako gledate ovdje oko pozornice
02:27
you'll create a kind of mental map of the stage.
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stvorit ćete mentalnu mapu pozornice.
02:30
And if you closed your eyes you'd be able to mentally navigate it.
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Ukoliko bi zatvorili svoje oči, mogli biste mentalno upravljati njome.
02:33
You'd be activating the dorsal stream if you did that.
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Kada biste radili to, aktivirali biste leđni tok.
02:36
The third part that I'd like to talk about
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Treći dio o kojem bih želio pričati
02:38
is the limbic system.
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jest limbički sustav.
02:40
And this is deep inside of the brain. It's very old, evolutionarily.
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Nalazi se duboku u mozgu. Veoma je star, evolucijski.
02:43
And it's the part that feels.
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I to je dio koji osjeća.
02:45
It's the kind of gut center, where you see an image
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To je kao sržni centar, gdje ako ugledate neku sliku
02:47
and you go, "Oh! I have a strong
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kažete, "O! Imam snažnu
02:49
or emotional reaction to whatever I'm seeing."
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ili emocionalnu reakciju na štogod gledam."
02:53
So the combination of these processing centers
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Stoga nam kombinacija tih procesnih centara
02:56
help us make meaning in very different ways.
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pomaže stvoriti značenje na veoma različite načine.
03:00
So what can we learn about this? How can we apply this insight?
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Dakle, što možemo naučiti o tome? Kako možemo primjeniti taj uvid?
03:03
Well, again, the schematic view
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Ponovno, shematski pogled
03:05
is that the eye visually interrogates what we look at.
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je da oko vizualno ispituje sve što gledamo.
03:08
The brain processes this in parallel, the figments of information
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Paralelno s tim, mozak procesuira smišljene informacije
03:11
asking a whole bunch of questions
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postavljajući cijeli niz pitanja
03:13
to create a unified mental model.
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i na taj način kreirajući jedinstveni mentalni model.
03:15
So, for example, when you look at this image
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Dakle, na primjer, kada gledate ovu sliku
03:18
a good graphic invites the eye to dart around,
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dobra grafika poziva oko da se vrzma uokolo,
03:21
to selectively create a visual logic.
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kako bi selektivno stvorila vizualnu logiku.
03:23
So the act of engaging, and looking at the image creates the meaning.
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Dakle, čin sudjelovanja i gledanja slike stvara značenje.
03:28
It's the selective logic.
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To je selektivna logika.
03:30
Now we've augmented this and spatialized this information.
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Proširili smo ovo i prostorno razmjestili informaciju.
03:33
Many of you may remember the magic wall that we built
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Mnogi od vas se možda sjećaju čarobnog zida koji smo izgradili
03:36
in conjunction with Perceptive Pixel
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zajedno s Perceptive Pixel-om
03:38
where we quite literally create an infinite wall.
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gdje smo gotovo doslovno stvorili beskonačan zid.
03:41
And so we can compare and contrast the big ideas.
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I tako možemo usporediti i razlikovati velike ideje.
03:43
So the act of engaging and creating interactive imagery
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Dakle, čin uključivanja i stvaranja interaktivne slike
03:46
enriches meaning.
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obogaćuje značenje.
03:48
It activates a different part of the brain.
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Aktivira različiti dio mozga.
03:51
And then the limbic system
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I tada se limbički sustav
03:53
is activated when we see motion, when we see color,
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aktivira kada vidimo pokret, kada vidimo boju.
03:56
and there are primary shapes and pattern detectors
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Postoje primarni oblici i detektori uzoraka
03:59
that we've heard about before.
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o kojima smo čuli prije.
04:01
So the point of this is what?
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Dakle, poanta ovoga je što?
04:03
We make meaning by seeing,
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Stvaramo značenje gledanjem,
04:06
by an act of visual interrogation.
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pomoću čina vizualnog ispitivanja.
04:08
The lessons for us are three-fold.
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Lekcije su za nas trostruke.
04:10
First, use images to clarify what we're trying to communicate.
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Prvo, koristi slike kako bi razjasnio što pokušavamo komunicirati.
04:14
Secondly make those images interactive
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Drugo, napravi interakciju između tih slika
04:17
so that we engage much more fully.
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kako bi se potpunije mogli uključiti.
04:19
And the third is to augment memory
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I treće je proširivanje pamćenja
04:21
by creating a visual persistence.
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stvarajući vizualnu upornost.
04:23
These are techniques that can be used to be --
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To su tehnike koje se mogu upotrijebiti --
04:26
that can be applied in a wide range of problem solving.
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koje se mogu primjeniti na široki spektar rješavanja problema.
04:30
So the low-tech version looks like this.
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Tehnološki nezahtjevna verzija izgleda ovako.
04:32
And, by the way, this is the way in which
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I, usput rečeno, na taj način
04:34
we develop and formulate
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razvijamo i formuliramo
04:36
strategy within Autodesk,
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strategiju unutar Autodesk-a,
04:38
in some of our organizations and some of our divisions.
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u nekim od naših organizacija i nekim od naših divizija.
04:41
What we literally do is have the teams
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Ono što doslovno radimo jest da imamo timove koji
04:43
draw out the entire strategic plan
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nacrtaju cijeli strateški plan
04:46
on one giant wall.
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na jedan ogroman zid.
04:48
And it's very powerful because everyone gets to see everything else.
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I to je jako moćno jer svatko može vidjeti sve.
04:52
There's always a room, always a place
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Uvijek ima prostora, uvijek ima mjesta
04:54
to be able to make sense of all of the components
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da se izvuče smisao iz svih komponenti
04:57
in the strategic plan.
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u strateškom planu.
04:59
This is a time-lapse view of it.
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Ovo je pogled s protokom vremena.
05:02
You can ask the question, "Who's the boss?"
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Možete postaviti pitanje, "Tko je šef?"
05:04
You'll be able to figure that out. (Laughter)
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Moći ćete sami to dokučiti.
05:12
So the act of collectively and collaboratively
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Dakle, čin zajedničkog i suradničkog
05:15
building the image
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izgrađivanja slike
05:17
transforms the collaboration.
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preobražava suradnju.
05:20
No Powerpoint is used in two days.
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U ta dva dana Powerpoint nije korišten.
05:22
But instead the entire team
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Već umjesto toga, cijeli tim
05:24
creates a shared mental model
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stvara zajednički mentalni model
05:26
that they can all agree on and move forward on.
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s kojim se svi mogu složiti i krenuti naprijed.
05:29
And this can be enhanced and augmented with
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A to se može poboljšati i proširiti sa
05:31
some emerging digital technology.
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nekom digitalnom tehnologijom u nastajanju.
05:34
And this is our great unveiling for today.
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To je naše veliko otkriće za danas.
05:37
And this is an emerging set of technologies
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A ovo je niz tehnologija u nastajanju
05:39
that use large-screen displays
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koje koriste prikaze na velikim zaslonima
05:42
with intelligent calculation in the background
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s inteligentnim kalkulacijama u pozadini
05:45
to make the invisible visible.
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kako bi nevidljivo postalo vidljivo.
05:47
Here what we can do is look at sustainability, quite literally.
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Ovdje možemo, prilično doslovno, promatrati održivost.
05:50
So a team can actually look at
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Tim zapravo može promatrati
05:53
all the key components that heat the structure
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sve ključne komponente koje užaruju strukturu
05:56
and make choices and then see the end result
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i naprave izbore i vide krajnji rezultat
05:58
that is visualized on this screen.
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koji je vizualiziran na ekranu.
06:01
So making images meaningful has three components.
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Dakle, izrada slika koje imaju značenje se sastoji od tri komponente.
06:04
The first again, is making ideas clear by visualizing them.
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Prva je ponovno, stvoriti jasne ideje na način da ih vizualiziramo.
06:07
Secondly, making them interactive.
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Drugo, učiniti ih interaktivnima.
06:09
And then thirdly, making them persistent.
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I zatim treće, učiniti ih dosljednima.
06:11
And I believe that these three principles
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I vjerujem da se ova tri principa
06:13
can be applied to solving some of the very tough problems
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mogu primjeniti za rješavanje nekih vrlo teških problema
06:17
that we face in the world today. Thanks so much.
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s kojima se danas suočavamo u svijetu. Puno vam hvala.
06:19
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
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