Good news in the fight against pancreatic cancer | Laura Indolfi

141,344 views ใƒป 2016-06-09

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Itay Galilee ืžื‘ืงืจ: Zeeva Livshitz
00:14
By raising your hand,
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ื‘ื”ืจืžืช ื™ื“,
00:15
how many of you know at least one person on the screen?
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ื›ืžื” ืžื›ื ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืื“ื ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืžืกืš?
00:20
Wow, it's almost a full house.
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ื•ื•ืื•, ื–ื” ื›ืžืขื˜ ื›ื•ืœื›ื.
00:22
It's true, they are very famous in their fields.
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ื–ื• ื”ืืžืช, ื”ื ื‘ืืžืช ืžืคื•ืจืกืžื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื.
00:24
And do you know what all of them have in common?
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ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžื” ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื•ืœื ื‘ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ?
00:27
They all died of pancreatic cancer.
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ื›ื•ืœื ื ืคื˜ืจื• ืžืกืจื˜ืŸ ื”ืœื‘ืœื‘.
00:30
However, although it's very, very sad this news,
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ืื•ืœื, ืขืœ ืืฃ ืฉืืœื• ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ืžืื•ื“ ืขืฆื•ื‘ื•ืช,
00:33
it's also thanks to their personal stories
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ื’ื ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืกื™ืคื•ืจื ื”ืื™ืฉื™
00:36
that we have raised awareness of how lethal this disease can be.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืžื•ื’ื‘ืจืช ืœื›ืžื” ืงื˜ืœื ื™ืช ื”ืžื—ืœื” ื”ื–ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช.
00:40
It's become the third cause of cancer deaths,
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ื”ื™ื ื”ืคื›ื” ืœื’ื•ืจื ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ืœืžื•ื•ืช ืžืกืจื˜ืŸ,
00:43
and only eight percent of the patients will survive beyond five years.
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ื›ืฉืจืง 8 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืžื”ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื ื™ืฉืจื“ื• ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื—ืžืฉ ืฉื ื™ื.
00:49
That's a very tiny number,
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ื–ื”ื• ืžืกืคืจ ื–ืขื•ื ืžืื•ื“,
00:51
especially if you compare it with breast cancer,
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ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœืกืจื˜ืŸ ื”ืฉื“,
00:53
where the survival rate is almost 90 percent.
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ืฉื ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ื™ ื”ืฉืจื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื ื›ืžืขื˜ 90%.
00:57
So it doesn't really come as a surprise
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ืื ื›ืš ื–ื• ืœื ื”ืคืชืขื”
01:00
that being diagnosed with pancreatic cancer
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ืฉืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืื•ื‘ื—ืŸ ื‘ืกืจื˜ืŸ ื”ืœื‘ืœื‘
01:02
means facing an almost certain death sentence.
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ืฉืงื•ืœ ื›ืžืขื˜ ืœื’ื–ืจ ื“ื™ืŸ ืžื•ื•ืช.
01:06
What's shocking, though, is that in the last 40 years,
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ืžื” ืฉืžืคืชื™ืข ื”ื•ื, ืฉื‘-40 ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช,
01:09
this number hasn't changed a bit,
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ื”ื ืชื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืœื ื”ืฉืชื ื” ืืคื™ืœื• ืžืขื˜,
01:12
while much more progress has been made
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ืขืœ ืืฃ ืฉื—ื•ื•ื™ื ื• ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช
01:14
with other types of tumors.
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ืขื ืกื•ื’ื™ ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื.
01:16
So how can we make pancreatic cancer treatment more effective?
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ืื ื›ืš, ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ื ืœืกืจื˜ืŸ ื”ืœื‘ืœื‘ ืœื™ืขื™ืœื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ?
01:20
As a biomedical entrepreneur,
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ื›ื™ื–ืžืช ื‘ื™ื•-ืจืคื•ืื™ืช,
01:22
I like to work on problems that seem impossible,
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ืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ืช ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืขืœ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉื ืจืื•ืช ื‘ืœืชื™ ืืคืฉืจื™ื•ืช,
01:25
understanding their limitations
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ื”ื‘ื ืช ื”ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื”ืŸ,
01:27
and trying to find new, innovative solutions
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ื•ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœื—ืคืฉ ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื™ื ื•ื—ื“ืฉื ื™ื™ื
01:30
that can change their outcome.
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ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ื”ืกื•ืคื™ืช ืฉืœื”ืŸ.
01:33
The first piece of bad news with pancreatic cancer
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ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ืกืจื˜ืŸ ื”ืœื‘ืœื‘
01:35
is that your pancreas is in the middle of your belly, literally.
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ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ืœื‘ืœื‘ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืืžืฆืข ื”ื‘ื˜ืŸ, ืคืฉื•ื˜ื• ื›ืžืฉืžืขื•.
01:39
It's depicted in orange on the screen.
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ื”ื•ื ืžืชื•ืืจ ื‘ื›ืชื•ื ื‘ืžืกืš ื–ื”.
01:41
But you can barely see it
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ืืš ื‘ืงื•ืฉื™ ืชื‘ื—ื™ื ื• ื‘ื•
01:43
until I remove all the other organs in front.
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ืขื“ ืฉืืžื—ืง ืืช ืฉืืจ ื”ืื™ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืžืœืคื ื™ื•.
01:47
It's also surrounded by many other vital organs,
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ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืงืฃ ื‘ืื™ื‘ืจื™ื ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื,
01:50
like the liver, the stomach, the bile duct.
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ื›ื“ื•ื’ืžืช ื”ื›ื‘ื“, ื”ืงื™ื‘ื” ื•ืฆื™ื ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืจื”.
01:53
And the ability of the tumor to grow into those organs
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ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ืœื’ื“ื•ืœ ืœืชื•ืš ืื™ื‘ืจื™ื ืืœื•
01:56
is the reason why pancreatic cancer
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ื”ื™ื ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืžื“ื•ืข ืกืจื˜ืŸ ื”ืœื‘ืœื‘
01:58
is one of the most painful tumor types.
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ื”ื•ื ืื—ื“ ืžืกื•ื’ื™ ื”ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื”ื›ื•ืื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
02:02
The hard-to-reach location also prevents the doctor
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ื”ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืงืฉื” ืœื’ื™ืฉื” ื”ื–ื” ืžื•ื ืข ืžื”ืจื•ืคื
02:05
from surgically removing it,
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ืžืœื”ืกื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื ื™ืชื•ื—,
02:07
as is routinely done for breast cancer, for example.
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ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ื”ื•ื’ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ืกืจื˜ืŸ ื”ืฉื“, ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”.
02:10
So all of these reasons leave chemotherapy as the only option
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ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ืžื•ืชื™ืจื•ืช ืืช ื”ื›ื™ืžื•ืชืจืคื™ื” ื›ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื”
02:14
for the pancreatic cancer patient.
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ืœืžื˜ื•ืคืœ ื”ืกื•ื‘ืœ ืžืกืจื˜ืŸ ื”ืœื‘ืœื‘.
02:16
This brings us to the second piece of bad news.
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ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ื”ื™ื,
02:19
Pancreatic cancer tumors have very few blood vessels.
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ืฉืœื’ื™ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ืœื‘ ื™ืฉ ืžืขื˜ ืžืื•ื“ ื›ืœื™ ื“ื.
02:23
Why should we care about the blood vessel of a tumor?
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ื•ืœืžื” ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ืื›ืคืช ืžื›ืœื™ ื”ื“ื ื”ืžื–ื™ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ?
02:27
Let's think for a second how chemotherapy works.
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื”ืจื”ืจ ืœืฉื ื™ื™ื” ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื›ื™ืžื•ืชืจืคื™ื” ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช.
02:30
The drug is injected in the vein
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ื”ืชืจื•ืคื” ืžื•ื–ืจืงืช ืœื•ืจื™ื“
02:32
and it navigates throughout the body until it reaches the tumor site.
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืžื ื•ื•ื˜ืช ืœื›ืœ ืื•ืจืš ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืขื“ ื”ื’ืขืชื” ืœืื–ื•ืจ ื”ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ.
02:37
It's like driving on a highway, trying to reach a destination.
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ื–ื” ื›ืžื• ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื‘ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ืžื”ื™ืจ ื‘ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื™ืขื“.
02:42
But what if your destination doesn't have an exit on the highway?
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ื•ืžื” ื™ืงืจื” ืฉืœื™ืขื“ ืฉืœืš ืื™ืŸ ื™ืฆื™ืื” ื‘ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ื”ืžื”ื™ืจ?
02:45
You will never get there.
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ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ืชื’ื™ืข ืœืฉื.
02:47
And that's exactly the same problem
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ื•ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ื‘ืขื™ื”
02:49
for chemotherapy and pancreatic cancer.
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ืขื ื›ื™ืžื•ืชืจืคื™ื” ื•ืกืจื˜ืŸ ื”ืœื‘ืœื‘.
02:53
The drugs navigate throughout all of your body.
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ื”ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืžื ื•ื•ื˜ื•ืช ืœื›ืœ ืื•ืจืš ื”ื’ื•ืฃ.
02:55
They will reach healthy organs,
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ื”ืŸ ื™ื’ื™ืขื• ืœืื™ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืจื™ืื™ื,
02:58
resulting in high toxic effect for the patients overall,
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ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื™ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœืืคืงื˜ ืจืขื™ืœ ืžืื•ื“ ืœื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืžื˜ื•ืคืœ,
03:02
but very little will go to the tumor.
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ืืš ืžืขื˜ ืžืื•ื“ ื™ืงืจื” ืœื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ.
03:04
Therefore, the efficacy is very limited.
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ืœื›ืŸ, ื”ืืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœืช.
03:08
To me, it seems very counterintuitive to have a whole-body treatment
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ืœื“ืขืชื™, ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื›ืœืœ ื’ื•ืคื™ ืžื ื•ื’ื“ ืœืื™ื ื˜ื•ืื™ืฆื™ื”
03:13
to target a specific organ.
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืื ื• ืžื ืกื™ื ืœื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœืื™ื‘ืจ ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™.
03:15
However, in the last 40 years,
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ืื•ืœื, ื‘-40 ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช,
03:18
a lot of money, research and effort have gone towards
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ื›ืกืฃ, ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ื•ืžืืžืฆื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื”ื•ืคื ื• ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช
03:22
finding new, powerful drugs to treat pancreatic cancer,
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ืžืฆื™ืืช ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ืขืฆืžื” ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืกืจื˜ืŸ ื”ืœื‘ืœื‘,
03:26
but nothing has been done in changing the way
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ืืš ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ื“ืจืš
03:29
we deliver them to the patient.
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ืฉื‘ื” ืื ื• ืžืขื ื™ืงื™ื ืื•ืชืŸ ืœื—ื•ืœื”.
03:32
So after two pieces of bad news,
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ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืชื™ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉื“ื ื• ื‘ื”ืŸ,
03:34
I'm going to give you good news, hopefully.
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ืื ื™ ืขื•ืžื“ืช ืœื”ืขื ื™ืง ืœื›ื ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช, ืื ื™ ืžืงื•ื•ื”.
03:37
With a collaborator at MIT
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ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืžืฉืชืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืž-MIT
03:39
and the Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston,
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ื•ืžื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื”ื›ืœืœื™ ืžืกืฆ'ื•ืกื˜ืก ื‘ื‘ื•ืกื˜ื•ืŸ,
03:42
we have revolutionized the way we treat cancer
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ื‘ื™ืฆืขื ื• ืžื”ืคื›ื” ื‘ื“ืจืš ื‘ื” ืื ื• ืžื˜ืคืœื™ื ื‘ืกืจื˜ืŸ
03:45
by making localized drug delivery a reality.
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ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ืคื›ื ื• ืžืชืŸ ืžืงื•ืžื™ ืฉืœ ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืœืžืฆื™ืื•ืช.
03:48
We are basically parachuting you on top of your destination,
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ืื ื• ื‘ืขืฆื ืžืฆื ื™ื—ื™ื ืื•ืชืš ืขืœ ื”ื™ืขื“ ืฉืœืš,
03:52
avoiding your having to drive all around the highway.
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ื ืžื ืขื™ื ืžื›ืš ืฉืชื™ืกืข ืœื›ืœ ืื•ืจืš ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ื”ืžื”ื™ืจ.
03:55
We have embedded the drug into devices that look like this one.
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ื”ื˜ืžืขื ื• ืืช ื”ืชืจื•ืคื” ื‘ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืฉื ืจืื™ื ื›ืžื• ื–ื”.
04:01
They are flexible enough that they can be folded
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ื”ื ื’ืžื™ืฉื™ื ื“ื™ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืงื•ืคืœื™ื
04:06
to fit into the catheter,
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ื•ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืงื˜ื˜ืจ,
04:08
so the doctor can implant it directly on top of the tumor
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ื›ืš ืฉื”ืจื•ืคื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชื™ืœ ืื•ืชื ื™ืฉืจ ืขืœ ื”ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ
04:12
with minimally invasive surgery.
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ื‘ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืžื–ืขืจื™ ื‘ืคื•ืœืฉื ื™ื•ืชื•.
04:14
But they are solid enough that once they are positioned
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ืืš ื”ื ืงืฉื™ื—ื™ื ืžืกืคื™ืง ื›ืš ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื
04:18
on top of the tumor,
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ืขืœ ื”ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ,
04:20
they will act as a cage.
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ื”ื ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื›ื›ืœื•ื‘.
04:21
They will actually physically prevent the tumor
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ื‘ืขืฆื, ื”ื ืžื•ื ืขื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืคื™ื–ื™ืช ืžื”ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ
04:25
from entering other organs,
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ืžืœื—ื“ื•ืจ ืœืื™ื‘ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื,
04:26
controlling the metastasis.
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ื•ื›ืš ืฉื•ืœื˜ื™ื ื‘ื’ืจื•ืจื•ืช.
04:30
The devices are also biodegradable.
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ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื”ื™ื ื ืžืชื›ืœื™ื.
04:32
That means that once in the body,
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ื›ืš ืฉืžืจื’ืข ืฉื”ื•ื›ื ืกื• ืœื’ื•ืฃ,
04:34
they start dissolving,
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ื”ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชืคืจืง,
04:36
delivering the drug only locally, slowly and more effectively
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ืžืขื‘ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืชืจื•ืคื” ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช, ืื™ื˜ื™ืช ื•ืืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ
04:41
than what is done with the current whole-body treatment.
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ืžื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ื›ืœืœ-ื’ื•ืคื™ ืฉื ืขืฉื” ื›ื™ื•ื.
04:45
In pre-clinical study, we have demonstrated
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ื‘ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ื˜ืจื•ื-ืžืจืคืืชื™ื™ื, ื”ื“ื’ืžื ื•
04:48
that this localized approach
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ืฉืœื’ื™ืฉื” ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ื–ื•
04:50
is able to improve by 12 times the response to treatment.
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ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื”ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืคื™ 12.
04:54
So we took a drug that is already known
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ื‘ืขืฆื ืœืงื—ื ื• ืชืจื•ืคื” ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืชื’ืœืชื”
04:57
and by just delivering it locally where it's needed the most,
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ื•ืจืง ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืžืชืŸ ืžืงื•ืžื™, ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืฉื”ื›ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืื•ืชื”,
05:01
we allow a response that is 12 times more powerful,
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ืืคืฉืจื ื• ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ื—ื–ืงื” ืคื™ 12,
05:05
reducing the systemic toxic effect.
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ื•ื”ืคื—ืชื ื• ืืช ื”ืืคืงื˜ ื”ืกื™ืกื˜ืžื™ ื”ืจืขื™ืœ.
05:09
We are working relentlessly to bring this technology to the next level.
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ืื ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืœืœื ืคืฉืจื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ื–ื• ืœืจืžื” ื”ื‘ืื”.
05:13
We are finalizing the pre-clinical testing
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ืื ื• ืžืกื™ื™ืžื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ื˜ืจื•ื-ืžืจืคืืชื™ื•ืช
05:16
and the animal model required prior to asking the FDA for approval
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ื•ืืช ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ื‘ืžื•ื“ืœ ืžื”ื—ื™ ืฉื“ืจื•ืฉ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืžืžื ื”ืœ ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™
05:20
for clinical trials.
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ื˜ืจื ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื ื™ืกื•ื™ ืงืœื™ื ื™.
05:22
Currently, the majority of patients will die from pancreatic cancer.
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ื›ื™ื•ื, ืžื™ืจื‘ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืกืจื˜ืŸ ื”ืœื‘ืœื‘ ื™ืžื•ืชื•.
05:28
We are hoping that one day,
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ืื ื• ืžืงื•ื•ื™ื ืฉื™ื‘ื•ื ื”ื™ื•ื ื•ื‘ื•
05:29
we can reduce their pain, extend their life
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ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ื›ืื‘ื, ืœื”ืืจื™ืš ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื”ื,
05:33
and potentially make pancreatic cancer
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ื•ืื•ืœื™ ืืฃ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ืกืจื˜ืŸ ื”ืœื‘ืœื‘
05:36
a curable disease.
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ืœืžื—ืœื” ื‘ืจืช-ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ.
05:38
By rethinking the way we deliver the drug,
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ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื ืฉื ื” ืืช ื”ืชืคื™ืกื” ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื“ืจืš ืžืชืŸ ื”ืชืจื•ืคื”,
05:41
we don't only make it more powerful and less toxic,
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ืœื ืจืง ืฉื ื”ืคื•ืš ืื•ืชื” ืœื—ื–ืงื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืจืขื™ืœื” ืคื—ื•ืช,
05:44
we are also opening the door to finding new innovative solutions
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ืื ื• ื’ื ืคื•ืชื—ื™ื ืืช ื”ื“ืœืช ืœืžืฆื™ืืช ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื ื™ื™ื
05:49
for almost all other impossible problems
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ืœื›ืžืขื˜ ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ืืคืฉืจื™ื•ืช
05:52
in pancreatic cancer patients and beyond.
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ืฉื—ื•ื•ื™ื ื”ืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืžืกืจื˜ืŸ ื”ืœื‘ืœื‘ ื•ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื›ืš.
05:55
Thank you very much.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœื›ื.
05:56
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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