Good news in the fight against pancreatic cancer | Laura Indolfi

140,054 views ・ 2016-06-09

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Sungho Yoo κ²€ν† : C. H. Jung
00:14
By raising your hand,
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화면에 μžˆλŠ” λΆ„λ“€ 쀑
00:15
how many of you know at least one person on the screen?
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ν•œλͺ…이라도 λˆ„κ΅°μ§€ μ•„μ‹œλ©΄ ν•œλ²ˆ 손듀어 λ³΄μ‹€λž˜μš”?
00:20
Wow, it's almost a full house.
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와, 거의 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„ λͺ¨λ‘κ°€ λ“€μœΌμ…¨λ„€μš”.
00:22
It's true, they are very famous in their fields.
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κ·Έλ ‡μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. λͺ¨λ‘ μžμ‹ λ“€μ˜ λΆ„μ•Όμ—μ„œ μ €λͺ…ν•˜μ‹œμ£ .
00:24
And do you know what all of them have in common?
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이뢄듀이 곡톡점을 ν•˜λ‚˜ κ°–κ³  μžˆλŠ”λ°, 무엇인지 μ•„μ‹­λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
00:27
They all died of pancreatic cancer.
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λͺ¨λ‘ 췌μž₯μ•”μœΌλ‘œ λŒμ•„κ°€μ…¨μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:30
However, although it's very, very sad this news,
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비둝 이 λΆ„λ“€μ˜ μ£½μŒμ€ λ„ˆλ¬΄λ‚˜λ„ μŠ¬νŽμ§€λ§Œ
00:33
it's also thanks to their personal stories
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μ΄λ“€μ˜ 개인적인 사연듀은 우리 λͺ¨λ‘κ°€
00:36
that we have raised awareness of how lethal this disease can be.
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췌μž₯암을 치λͺ…적인 μ§ˆλ³‘μœΌλ‘œ μΈμ‹ν•˜κ²Œ ν•˜λŠ”λ° 큰 도움을 μ£Όμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:40
It's become the third cause of cancer deaths,
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췌μž₯μ•” μ‚¬λ§μžλŠ” μ•” μ‚¬λ§μž 쀑 μ„Έ 번째둜 κ°€μž₯ λ†’μœΌλ©°
00:43
and only eight percent of the patients will survive beyond five years.
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ν™˜μž 쀑 8%만이 5λ…„ 이상 μ‚΄μ•„λ‚¨μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:49
That's a very tiny number,
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맀우 적은 숫자이죠.
00:51
especially if you compare it with breast cancer,
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특히 μƒμ‘΄μœ¨μ΄ 90%인 μœ λ°©μ•”μ— λΉ„κ΅ν•˜λ©΄ λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:53
where the survival rate is almost 90 percent.
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00:57
So it doesn't really come as a surprise
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 췌μž₯μ•” 진단은 거의 ν™•μ‹€ν•œ
01:00
that being diagnosed with pancreatic cancer
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μ‚¬ν˜• μ„ κ³ λ‚˜ 닀름이 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:02
means facing an almost certain death sentence.
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01:06
What's shocking, though, is that in the last 40 years,
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κ²Œλ‹€κ°€ 좩격적인 사싀은, μ§€λ‚œ 40λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ
01:09
this number hasn't changed a bit,
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췌μž₯μ•” μƒμ‘΄μœ¨μ΄ μ‘°κΈˆλ„ λ³€ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜λ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:12
while much more progress has been made
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λ‹€λ₯Έ μ’…λ₯˜μ˜ μ•”μΉ˜λ£Œμ—λŠ” λ§Žμ€
01:14
with other types of tumors.
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진척이 μžˆμ—ˆμŒμ—λ„ λΆˆκ΅¬ν•˜κ³  말이죠.
01:16
So how can we make pancreatic cancer treatment more effective?
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κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄, μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ ν•΄μ•Ό 췌μž₯μ•” 치료λ₯Ό λ”μš± 효과적으둜 ν•  수 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
01:20
As a biomedical entrepreneur,
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생물 μ˜ν•™ μ‚¬μ—…κ°€λ‘œμ„œ
01:22
I like to work on problems that seem impossible,
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μ €λŠ” λΆˆκ°€λŠ₯ν•΄λ³΄μ΄λŠ” λ¬Έμ œλ“€μ„ ν’€μ–΄λ‚΄λŠ” κ±Έ μ’‹μ•„ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:25
understanding their limitations
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κ·Έ λ¬Έμ œλ“€μ˜ ν•œκ³„λ₯Ό μ΄ν•΄ν•˜κ³ 
01:27
and trying to find new, innovative solutions
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κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό λ°”κΏ€ 수 μžˆλŠ” μƒˆλ‘­κ³ 
획기적인 해결책을 μ°ΎλŠ” 것을 μ’‹μ•„ν•˜μ£ .
01:30
that can change their outcome.
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01:33
The first piece of bad news with pancreatic cancer
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췌μž₯μ•” μΉ˜λ£Œκ°€ μ–΄λ €μš΄ 첫 번째 μ΄μœ λŠ”
01:35
is that your pancreas is in the middle of your belly, literally.
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췌μž₯이 λ°° ν•œκ°€μš΄λ° μœ„μΉ˜ν•œλ‹€λŠ” μ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:39
It's depicted in orange on the screen.
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췌μž₯의 μœ„μΉ˜λŠ” 화면에 μ£Όν™©μƒ‰μœΌλ‘œ ν‘œμ‹œλ˜μ–΄μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:41
But you can barely see it
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μ•žμ— μžˆλŠ” λ‹€λ₯Έ μž₯기듀을
01:43
until I remove all the other organs in front.
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치우기 μ „κΉŒμ§„ 거의 μ•ˆλ³΄μ΄μ£ .
01:47
It's also surrounded by many other vital organs,
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λ˜ν•œ 췌μž₯은 κ°„, μœ„, 그리고 λ‹΄κ΄€κ³Ό 같은
01:50
like the liver, the stomach, the bile duct.
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μ€‘μš” μž₯κΈ°λ“€λ‘œ λ‘˜λŸ¬μ‹Έμ—¬ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:53
And the ability of the tumor to grow into those organs
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그리고 μ•” 세포가 이런 μ€‘μš”ν•œ μž₯기에 μ‰½κ²Œ 전이될 수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 점도
01:56
is the reason why pancreatic cancer
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췌μž₯암이 κ°€μž₯ μΉ˜λ£Œν•˜κΈ° νž˜λ“ 
01:58
is one of the most painful tumor types.
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μ•” μ€‘μ˜ ν•˜λ‚˜μΈ μ΄μœ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:02
The hard-to-reach location also prevents the doctor
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췌μž₯의 μ ‘κ·Όν•˜κΈ° μ–΄λ €μš΄ μœ„μΉ˜ λ˜ν•œ
02:05
from surgically removing it,
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μ˜μ‚¬κ°€ 암을 μ œκ±°ν•˜λŠ” 데 어렀움을 κ²ͺ게 ν•˜μ£ .
02:07
as is routinely done for breast cancer, for example.
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μ‰½κ²Œ 제거 κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ μœ λ°©μ•”κ³Ό 같은 암을 λΉ„κ΅ν•˜λ©΄ λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:10
So all of these reasons leave chemotherapy as the only option
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이 λͺ¨λ“  μ΄μœ λ“€ λ•Œλ¬Έμ— 췌μž₯μ•” ν™˜μžλ“€μ΄ 선택 ν•  수 μžˆλŠ”
02:14
for the pancreatic cancer patient.
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μœ μΌν•œ 선택은 ν™”ν•™μš”λ²• λΏμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:16
This brings us to the second piece of bad news.
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이 것이 췌μž₯μ•” μΉ˜λ£Œκ°€ μ–΄λ €μš΄ 두 번째 μ΄μœ κ°€ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:19
Pancreatic cancer tumors have very few blood vessels.
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췌μž₯μ•”μ˜ μ’…μ–‘ μ†μ—λŠ” 맀우 μ†Œμˆ˜μ˜ ν˜ˆκ΄€μ΄ μ‘΄μž¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:23
Why should we care about the blood vessel of a tumor?
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μ™œ μ’…μ–‘μ˜ ν˜ˆκ΄€μ΄ μ€‘μš”ν• κΉŒμš”?
02:27
Let's think for a second how chemotherapy works.
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ν™”ν•™μš”λ²•μ˜ 원리λ₯Ό μ΄ν•΄ν•œλ‹€λ©΄ κ·Έ 이유λ₯Ό μ•Œ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:30
The drug is injected in the vein
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약물은 ν˜ˆκ΄€μ— νˆ¬μ—¬λœ ν›„
02:32
and it navigates throughout the body until it reaches the tumor site.
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μ’…μ–‘ 세포에 도착할 λ•ŒκΉŒμ§€ ν˜ˆκ΄€μ„ 따라 μ›€μ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:37
It's like driving on a highway, trying to reach a destination.
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λͺ©μ μ§€μ— 이λ₯΄κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ κ³ μ†λ„λ‘œλ₯Ό λ‹¬λ¦¬λŠ” 것과 κ°™μ£ .
02:42
But what if your destination doesn't have an exit on the highway?
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λ§Œμ•½ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ„ λͺ©μ μ§€λ‘œ μ•ˆλ‚΄ν•˜λŠ” κ³ μ†λ„λ‘œ μΆœκ΅¬κ°€ μ—†μœΌλ©΄ μ–΄λ–¨κΉŒμš”?
02:45
You will never get there.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ μ ˆλŒ€ λͺ©μ μ§€μ— λ„μ°©ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:47
And that's exactly the same problem
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이것이 λ°”λ‘œ ν™”ν•™μš”λ²•κ³Ό κ΄€λ ¨λœ 췌μž₯μ•”μ˜ λ¬Έμ œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:49
for chemotherapy and pancreatic cancer.
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02:53
The drugs navigate throughout all of your body.
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μ•½ν’ˆμ΄ λͺΈ 전체λ₯Ό 헀집고 λ‹€λ‹Œλ‹€λŠ” 것이죠.
02:55
They will reach healthy organs,
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μ•½ν’ˆμ€ κ±΄κ°•ν•œ μž₯기에도 영ν–₯을 끼쳐
02:58
resulting in high toxic effect for the patients overall,
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ν™˜μžμ—κ²Œ μ»€λ‹€λž€ 손상을 μΌμœΌν‚€μ§€λ§Œ
03:02
but very little will go to the tumor.
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맀우 적은 μ–‘μ˜ μ•½ν’ˆλ§Œμ΄ 쒅양에 λ‹€λ‹€λ₯΄κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:04
Therefore, the efficacy is very limited.
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λ•Œλ¬Έμ—, ν™”ν•™μš”λ²•μ˜ νš¨μœ¨μ„±μ€ 맀우 μ œν•œμ μ΄μ£ .
03:08
To me, it seems very counterintuitive to have a whole-body treatment
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ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ νŠΉμ •ν•œ μž₯κΈ°λ₯Ό μΉ˜λ£Œν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ λͺΈ 전체에 μ•½ν’ˆμ„ νΌνŠΈλ¦¬λŠ” 것은
03:13
to target a specific organ.
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μ €μ—κ²Œ 맀우 λΉ„μƒμ‹μ μœΌλ‘œ λŠκ»΄μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:15
However, in the last 40 years,
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μ§€λ‚œ 40λ…„κ°„
03:18
a lot of money, research and effort have gone towards
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췌μž₯암을 μΉ˜λ£Œν•  수 μžˆλŠ” κ°•λ ₯ν•œ μ‹ μ•½ κ°œλ°œμ—
03:22
finding new, powerful drugs to treat pancreatic cancer,
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λ§Žμ€ μ–‘μ˜ 돈, 연ꡬ, λ…Έλ ₯이 λ“€μ–΄κ°”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:26
but nothing has been done in changing the way
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ, 이λ₯Ό ν™˜μžμ—κ²Œ νˆ¬μ—¬ν•˜λŠ” 방법에 μžˆμ–΄μ„œλŠ”
03:29
we deliver them to the patient.
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μ•„λ¬΄λŸ° 변화도 μžˆμ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:32
So after two pieces of bad news,
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μ§€κΈˆκΉŒμ§€ λ‚˜μœ μ†Œμ‹ 두 가지λ₯Ό λ“œλ Έμ§€λ§Œ
03:34
I'm going to give you good news, hopefully.
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이제, μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„κ»˜ 쒋은 이야기도 λ§μ”€λ“œλ¦¬κ³  μ‹ΆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:37
With a collaborator at MIT
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κ·Έ 것은 저희가 MIT와 ν•˜λ²„λ“œ 의과 λŒ€ν•™
03:39
and the Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston,
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λ³΄μŠ€ν„΄μ˜ λ©”μ‚¬μΆ”μ„ΈμΈ λ³‘μ›μ˜ 곡동 μ—°κ΅¬μžλ“€κ³Ό ν•¨κ»˜
03:42
we have revolutionized the way we treat cancer
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μ•½λ¬Όμ˜ κ΅­μ†Œμ  배달을 κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜κ²Œ ν•¨μœΌλ‘œμ¨
03:45
by making localized drug delivery a reality.
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췌μž₯μ•” 치료의 μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 길을 μ—΄μ—ˆλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:48
We are basically parachuting you on top of your destination,
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이 방법은 마치 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ λ‚™ν•˜μ‚°μœΌλ‘œ λͺ©μ μ§€μ— λ–¨μ–΄μ§€λŠ” 것과 ν‘μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:52
avoiding your having to drive all around the highway.
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κ³ μ†λ„λ‘œλ₯Ό 달릴 ν•„μš”λ„ 없이 λͺ©μ μ§€μ— λ„μ°©ν•˜λŠ” μ…ˆμ΄μ£ .
03:55
We have embedded the drug into devices that look like this one.
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μ €ν¬λŠ” μ•½ν’ˆμ„ 이와 같이 생긴 μž₯μΉ˜λ“€μ— νˆ¬μž…ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:01
They are flexible enough that they can be folded
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이 μž₯μΉ˜λŠ” 맀우 μœ μ—°ν•΄μ„œ
μΉ΄ν…Œν„°μ—λ„ μ ‘μ–΄μ„œ 넣을 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:06
to fit into the catheter,
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04:08
so the doctor can implant it directly on top of the tumor
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그리고 μ˜μ‚¬λŠ” μ΅œμ†Œν•œμ˜ 수술만으둜 이 μž₯μΉ˜μ„
04:12
with minimally invasive surgery.
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μ’…μ–‘ μœ„μ— μœ„μΉ˜μ‹œν‚¬ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:14
But they are solid enough that once they are positioned
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그리고 이 μž₯치의 νŠΌνŠΌν•¨μ€ 이 μž₯μΉ˜κ°€
04:18
on top of the tumor,
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μ’…μ–‘ μœ„μ— 자리작게 되면
04:20
they will act as a cage.
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쒅양을 λ¬ΆλŠ” 역할을 ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:21
They will actually physically prevent the tumor
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그리고, 쒅양이 λ‹€λ₯Έ μž₯κΈ°λ“€λ‘œ
04:25
from entering other organs,
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μ „μ΄λ˜λŠ” 것을 물리적으둜 λ°©μ§€ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:26
controlling the metastasis.
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04:30
The devices are also biodegradable.
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λ˜ν•œ, 이 μž₯μΉ˜λ“€μ€ μžμ—° λΆ„ν•΄λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:32
That means that once in the body,
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즉, μž₯μΉ˜κ°€ λͺΈμ— μ‹¬μ–΄μ§€λŠ” μˆœκ°„
04:34
they start dissolving,
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이 μž₯μΉ˜λ“€μ€ λ…ΉκΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν•œλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:36
delivering the drug only locally, slowly and more effectively
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약을 μ§€κΈˆμ˜ μ „μ‹  μ²˜μΉ˜λ³΄λ‹¨ 훨씬 κ΅­μ†Œμ μœΌλ‘œ 천천히
04:41
than what is done with the current whole-body treatment.
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그리고 더 효과적으둜 μ „λ‹¬ν•˜λ©΄μ„œ 말이죠.
04:45
In pre-clinical study, we have demonstrated
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μ‚¬μ „μž„μƒ μ‹œν—˜μ—μ„œ
μ €ν¬λŠ” 이 κ΅­μ†Œμ μΈ 접근방법이
04:48
that this localized approach
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04:50
is able to improve by 12 times the response to treatment.
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치료효과λ₯Ό 12λ°°λ‚˜ κ°œμ„ μ‹œν‚¨λ‹€λŠ” 사싀을 μž…μ¦ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:54
So we took a drug that is already known
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κ·Έμ € 기쑴에 μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜λŠ” μ•½ν’ˆμ„
04:57
and by just delivering it locally where it's needed the most,
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μ •λ§λ‘œ ν•„μš”λ‘œ ν•˜λŠ” 곳에 κ΅­μ†Œμ μœΌλ‘œ μ „λ‹¬λ§Œ ν•¨μœΌλ‘œμ¨
05:01
we allow a response that is 12 times more powerful,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 12λ°°λ‚˜ 더 κ°•λ ₯ν•œ 효과λ₯Ό 얻을 수 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:05
reducing the systemic toxic effect.
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λ™μ‹œμ— 전신에 λΌμΉ˜λŠ” 독성을 μ€„μ΄λ©΄μ„œ 말이죠.
05:09
We are working relentlessly to bring this technology to the next level.
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ν˜„μž¬ μ €ν¬λŠ” 이 κΈ°μˆ μ„ λ”μš± κ°œμ„ ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ μ—΄μ‹¬νžˆ μΌν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:13
We are finalizing the pre-clinical testing
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μ‚¬μ „μž„μƒμ‹œν—˜κ³Ό λ™λ¬Όμ‹€ν—˜μ„
05:16
and the animal model required prior to asking the FDA for approval
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마무리 짓고 있으며, κ·Έ 것이 μ„±κ³΅μ μœΌλ‘œ λλ‚˜λ©΄
05:20
for clinical trials.
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μž„μƒ μ‹€ν—˜μ„ μœ„ν•΄ FDA의 ν—ˆκ°€λ₯Ό μš”μ²­ν•  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:22
Currently, the majority of patients will die from pancreatic cancer.
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ν˜„μž¬, 췌μž₯μ•” ν™˜μžλ“€μ˜ κ³Όλ°˜μˆ˜λŠ” μ£½μŒμ„ λ§žμ΄ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:28
We are hoping that one day,
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μ €ν¬λŠ” 이 κΈ°μˆ μ„ 톡해 μ–Έμ  κ°€
05:29
we can reduce their pain, extend their life
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췌μž₯μ•” ν™˜μžλ“€μ˜ 고톡을 쀄이고, 수λͺ…을 늘리며
05:33
and potentially make pancreatic cancer
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췌μž₯암이 μΉ˜λ£Œκ°€λŠ₯ν•œ 병이 되기λ₯Ό ν¬λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:36
a curable disease.
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05:38
By rethinking the way we deliver the drug,
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μ•½ν’ˆμ„ μ „λ‹¬ν•˜λŠ” 방법을 λ‹€μ‹œ μƒκ°ν•¨μœΌλ‘œμ¨
05:41
we don't only make it more powerful and less toxic,
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μ €ν¬λŠ” μ•½ν’ˆμ„ λ”μš± κ°•λ ₯ν•˜κ²Œ λ§Œλ“€κ³ , 독성을 쀄일 뿐만 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
05:44
we are also opening the door to finding new innovative solutions
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췌μž₯암을 λ„˜μ–΄μ„œ λ‹€λ₯Έ λΆˆκ°€λŠ₯ν•΄ λ³΄μ΄λŠ”
05:49
for almost all other impossible problems
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λ¬Έμ œλ“€μ— λŒ€ν•œ 획기적인 해결책을
05:52
in pancreatic cancer patients and beyond.
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λ°œκ²¬ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ 문을 μ—΄κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:55
Thank you very much.
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맀우 κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:56
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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